文廟(miao)(miao)始建(jian)于1477年,位于桂(gui)林市恭(gong)城縣西(xi)山南(nan)麓,是廣西(xi)保存較為完整的孔廟(miao)(miao),也(ye)是自(zi)治區重點(dian)文物保護單位。文廟(miao)(miao)是為祭祀我國(guo)古代政治家(jia)、思想家(jia)和教育家(jia)孔子而建(jian)的圣(sheng)廟(miao)(miao)。
文廟(miao)坐北(bei)朝南,南偏東(dong)6度,俯視茶江,背(bei)靠印(yin)山,依(yi)山而(er)建,逐(zhu)層布置,顯得莊嚴(yan)肅穆(mu)。全廟(miao)占地(di)3600平方米,建筑面積1300平方米。由(you)兩邊耳(er)門出入,東(dong)向門叫禮門,西向門叫義(yi)路,門外立(li)禁碑一塊,上刻(ke)“文武(wu)官員至(zhi)此下(xia)馬”,以示孔廟(miao)的莊嚴(yan)。正(zheng)面是照(zhao)壁,沒有開(kai)大門,據說等有人中(zhong)(zhong)了(le)狀元,才在照(zhao)壁中(zhong)(zhong)間開(kai)大門,稱狀元門,想從大門步入欞星門,唯(wei)狀元莫屬。
新(xin)中(zhong)國成立(li)后,為(wei)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)群眾游覽,把(ba)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)打開了。欞(ling)星門(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)傳是(shi)(shi)漢(han)高祖(zu)命祀欞(ling)星而移用于孔(kong)廟,以(yi)尊天者(zhe)尊孔(kong)為(wei)本意(yi)。該門(men)(men)(men)(men)全部青(qing)(qing)石(shi)砌(qi)筑,上面(mian)(mian)(mian)刻有“欞(ling)星門(men)(men)(men)(men)”三個大(da)(da)字,還有雙龍戲珠、雙鳳朝陽等浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)。欞(ling)星門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)六根大(da)(da)石(shi)柱頂端有六只小石(shi)獅互相(xiang)窺視著(zhu)。過了欞(ling)星門(men)(men)(men)(men)便(bian)是(shi)(shi)泮(pan)池(chi),又(you)叫月(yue)池(chi),料(liao)石(shi)砌(qi)就,周圍以(yi)青(qing)(qing)石(shi)為(wei)欄,有石(shi)拱(gong)橋跨過池(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian),稱(cheng)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)橋,意(yi)為(wei)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)才能通過,橋面(mian)(mian)(mian)有一(yi)塊刻有云(yun)紋(wen)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)的(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)石(shi),為(wei)“青(qing)(qing)云(yun)直上”之意(yi)。由(you)欞(ling)星門(men)(men)(men)(men)步(bu)上兩(liang)層平臺(tai),便(bian)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)成門(men)(men)(men)(men)。大(da)(da)成門(men)(men)(men)(men)由(you)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)扇木(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)組成,木(mu)質結構(gou),門(men)(men)(men)(men)扇上樓空的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)鳥蟲魚(yu)雕(diao)刻,栩栩如生。大(da)(da)成門(men)(men)(men)(men)東面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)名宦祠(ci),西面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)鄉賢祠(ci),是(shi)(shi)供(gong)奉歷(li)代(dai)先賢、先儒的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang),計有一(yi)百(bai)四十(shi)(shi)三個靈(ling)位。大(da)(da)成門(men)(men)(men)(men)后面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)天井,前(qian)有寬(kuan)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)平臺(tai),叫杏(xing)壇(tan),又(you)叫露壇(tan),傳說是(shi)(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)講學的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)。露壇(tan)之上是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)成殿,為(wei)文廟的(de)(de)主體建(jian)筑,面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊五間,進深三間,有磚柱十(shi)(shi)根,木(mu)柱十(shi)(shi)八根,大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)十(shi)(shi)四扇,門(men)(men)(men)(men)窗、檐(yan)口均飾以(yi)木(mu)雕(diao)。屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)飛檐(yan)高翹(qiao),重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山,脊施(shi)花(hua)(hua)飾,泥塑彩畫,琉璃瓦蓋,金碧輝煌。大(da)(da)成殿正(zheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)神(shen)龕是(shi)(shi)供(gong)奉孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)靈(ling)牌的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)。大(da)(da)成殿之后是(shi)(shi)崇圣祠(ci),是(shi)(shi)供(gong)奉孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)五代(dai)祖(zu)先的(de)(de)殿堂,崇圣祠(ci)與大(da)(da)成殿在(zai)建(jian)筑構(gou)造(zao)上很講究,大(da)(da)小高低(di)有分別。
歷代每歲春仲(zhong)月(農歷二、八月),在(zai)大殿舉行祭禮。祭期黎明,各官(guan)衣朝(chao)服,按序而立,齊集行禮,典儀極為隆(long)重。
據資料(liao)記載,道光二十二年(nian)(nian)(1842年(nian)(nian)),有人(ren)(ren)認為原廟室規模小,出不了狀元,于(yu)是官府(fu)派遣王(wang)雁洲、莫勵堂(tang)兩位舉人(ren)(ren)到山東(dong)曲阜參觀孔(kong)廟,以曲阜孔(kong)廟為模式設計繪圖(tu),籌集巨款(kuan),并從(cong)廣東(dong)、湖(hu)南等地(di)請來工匠重(zhong)建(jian),歷時兩年(nian)(nian)余始告竣工,成(cheng)為廣西較(jiao)大(da)的孔(kong)廟。清(qing)咸(xian)豐四年(nian)(nian)(1854年(nian)(nian))又(you)毀于(yu)兵(bing)燹,清(qing)咸(xian)豐十一年(nian)(nian)(1861年(nian)(nian))重(zhong)新修(xiu)復。以后曾修(xiu)葺(qi)二十多次(ci)。1963年(nian)(nian)廣西壯族自治區(qu)人(ren)(ren)民政府(fu)撥款(kuan)維修(xiu),并列為自治區(qu)重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位。