文(wen)廟始建(jian)于(yu)1477年,位(wei)于(yu)桂(gui)林市恭城縣西(xi)山南(nan)麓,是廣(guang)西(xi)保存較(jiao)為完(wan)整的孔廟,也是自治區重點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。文(wen)廟是為祭(ji)祀我國古代政治家(jia)(jia)(jia)、思(si)想家(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)教育家(jia)(jia)(jia)孔子(zi)而(er)建(jian)的圣(sheng)廟。
文廟坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan)(nan),南(nan)(nan)偏東6度,俯(fu)視茶(cha)江,背(bei)靠(kao)印山,依(yi)山而建,逐層布置,顯得莊(zhuang)(zhuang)嚴(yan)(yan)肅穆。全廟占地3600平方(fang)米,建筑面(mian)積1300平方(fang)米。由兩邊耳門(men)(men)(men)(men)出(chu)入,東向門(men)(men)(men)(men)叫禮門(men)(men)(men)(men),西(xi)向門(men)(men)(men)(men)叫義路,門(men)(men)(men)(men)外立(li)禁碑(bei)一塊(kuai),上刻“文武(wu)官員至此下馬”,以示孔(kong)廟的(de)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)嚴(yan)(yan)。正面(mian)是(shi)照壁(bi),沒(mei)有開(kai)(kai)大門(men)(men)(men)(men),據說等有人中(zhong)了狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan),才在照壁(bi)中(zhong)間(jian)開(kai)(kai)大門(men)(men)(men)(men),稱狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men),想從(cong)大門(men)(men)(men)(men)步入欞(ling)星門(men)(men)(men)(men),唯(wei)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)莫(mo)屬。
新中國成(cheng)(cheng)立后,為(wei)方(fang)便群眾游覽,把狀(zhuang)元(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)打開了(le)。欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)傳是(shi)(shi)(shi)漢高祖命祀欞星而移用于孔(kong)(kong)廟(miao),以尊(zun)(zun)天者尊(zun)(zun)孔(kong)(kong)為(wei)本意。該門(men)(men)(men)(men)全部青石砌筑(zhu),上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刻有(you)(you)“欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men)”三個(ge)大(da)(da)字,還(huan)有(you)(you)雙(shuang)龍戲珠、雙(shuang)鳳朝陽等(deng)浮雕(diao)。欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)六根(gen)大(da)(da)石柱(zhu)頂端(duan)有(you)(you)六只小石獅互相(xiang)窺視著。過了(le)欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)泮池(chi)(chi),又叫(jiao)月池(chi)(chi),料(liao)石砌就,周圍以青石為(wei)欄,有(you)(you)石拱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)跨(kua)過池(chi)(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian),稱狀(zhuang)元(yuan)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),意為(wei)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)才能通過,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)一塊刻有(you)(you)云(yun)紋浮雕(diao)的(de)(de)青石,為(wei)“青云(yun)直上(shang)”之意。由欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men)步上(shang)兩層平臺,便是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)由十一扇木(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),木(mu)質結構(gou),門(men)(men)(men)(men)扇上(shang)樓(lou)空的(de)(de)花鳥蟲魚雕(diao)刻,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生(sheng)。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)東面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)名宦祠,西面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鄉(xiang)賢祠,是(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)奉歷代先(xian)賢、先(xian)儒的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang),計有(you)(you)一百四十三個(ge)靈位。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)后面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天井(jing),前有(you)(you)寬(kuan)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)平臺,叫(jiao)杏壇,又叫(jiao)露壇,傳說是(shi)(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)子講(jiang)學的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)。露壇之上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿,為(wei)文(wen)廟(miao)的(de)(de)主體建筑(zhu),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊五間,進深三間,有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)柱(zhu)十根(gen),木(mu)柱(zhu)十八根(gen),大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)十四扇,門(men)(men)(men)(men)窗、檐(yan)口均飾以木(mu)雕(diao)。屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)飛(fei)檐(yan)高翹,重檐(yan)歇山,脊施花飾,泥塑彩(cai)畫,琉璃瓦(wa)蓋,金碧(bi)輝(hui)煌。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿正(zheng)中的(de)(de)神龕(kan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)奉孔(kong)(kong)子靈牌的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿之后是(shi)(shi)(shi)崇圣祠,是(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)奉孔(kong)(kong)子五代祖先(xian)的(de)(de)殿堂,崇圣祠與大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿在(zai)建筑(zhu)構(gou)造上(shang)很講(jiang)究,大(da)(da)小高低有(you)(you)分別。
歷(li)代(dai)每歲春(chun)仲月(yue)(yue)(農(nong)歷(li)二、八(ba)月(yue)(yue)),在大殿舉行祭禮。祭期黎明(ming),各官(guan)衣朝服,按序而(er)立,齊集行禮,典(dian)儀極為隆重。
據資(zi)料記載,道光(guang)二(er)十二(er)年(1842年),有人(ren)認為(wei)(wei)原廟(miao)室規模小,出不了狀元,于(yu)是官府派遣(qian)王雁洲(zhou)、莫勵堂兩位舉人(ren)到山東曲(qu)阜(fu)參觀孔廟(miao),以曲(qu)阜(fu)孔廟(miao)為(wei)(wei)模式(shi)設計繪圖(tu),籌集(ji)巨款(kuan),并(bing)從廣(guang)(guang)東、湖南等(deng)地請來工匠重(zhong)建,歷時兩年余始告竣工,成為(wei)(wei)廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)較(jiao)大的孔廟(miao)。清咸豐(feng)四年(1854年)又毀于(yu)兵燹,清咸豐(feng)十一年(1861年)重(zhong)新修復。以后曾修葺二(er)十多(duo)次。1963年廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)壯(zhuang)族自治(zhi)區人(ren)民政府撥款(kuan)維修,并(bing)列為(wei)(wei)自治(zhi)區重(zhong)點文物保護單位。