在世界眾多怪(guai)雨中,要數魚雨為(wei)數最多。魚雨在英國、美(mei)國和澳(ao)大(da)利(li)亞屢(lv)見(jian)不鮮,尤其是(shi)澳(ao)大(da)利(li)亞,魚雨經常出現,以至(zhi)報(bao)紙已不愿再刊登(deng)這類令人乏(fa)味(wei)的消息。
魚雨一直發生在拉丁美(mei)洲,成(cheng)為很(hen)多(duo)國(guo)家的(de)(de)民間傳說。據(ju)說在魚雨到來之(zhi)(zhi)前,天(tian)上烏云(yun)滾滾,大(da)風呼嘯(xiao),強風暴(bao)雨大(da)約持續2到3小時之(zhi)(zhi)后,數百條活(huo)魚在地面上。人們把這些地上的(de)(de)新鮮活(huo)魚拿回家烹飪,看似多(duo)可笑的(de)(de)事情啊,可是(shi)它卻真實存在著。自從(cong)1998年的(de)(de)一場魚雨后,洪(hong)都拉斯(si)國(guo)家的(de)(de)Yoro城市(shi)在每年都會過這個“魚雨”節。
從加利(li)福尼亞到英(ying)(ying)國再(zai)到印度,也(ye)不斷有關(guan)多魚形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)降雨的(de)(de)(de)報道:一(yi)些小(xiao)動物,例如魚、青蛙和(he)蛇偶爾(er)會(hui)出(chu)人(ren)意料(liao)地(di)從空中落下,有時(shi)候是在(zai)離(li)水域(yu)數英(ying)(ying)里遠的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)。這是因為(wei)在(zai)湖泊或海(hai)洋上(shang)方(fang)(fang)急速旋轉的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)可能(neng)會(hui)把(ba)水以(yi)及水里的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切(qie)東(dong)西帶進云層中,然后通過強(qiang)風攜帶、可能(neng)遠途“旅(lv)行”降落到其他地(di)方(fang)(fang),形成(cheng)規模(mo)不等、形式(shi)各異的(de)(de)(de)“雨”。龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)風根據它發(fa)生在(zai)陸(lu)地(di)還是海(hai)上(shang),可分為(wei)陸(lu)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)和(he)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan),海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)的(de)(de)(de)直徑一(yi)般比陸(lu)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)略小(xiao),其強(qiang)度較大,維持時(shi)間(jian)較長,在(zai)海(hai)上(shang)往(wang)往(wang)是集群(qun)出(chu)現(xian)。在(zai)大洋上(shang)易發(fa)生臺風或颶風的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)區(qu)(qu),也(ye)容易發(fa)生海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan),值得(de)注意的(de)(de)(de)是當(dang)出(chu)現(xian)厄爾(er)尼諾現(xian)象時(shi),海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)次(ci)數就會(hui)增多,顯而(er)易見,厄爾(er)尼諾現(xian)象的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian),反映(ying)著太平洋東(dong)部赤道海(hai)區(qu)(qu)附近(jin)及其以(yi)南(nan)海(hai)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)大規模(mo)增溫現(xian)象。
從海(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)群發(fa)生成(cheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng),可以把其分成(cheng)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)成(cheng)長(chang)階段。在海(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)群中(zhong)最(zui)成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)推“母(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)”,依次(ci)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)族、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)漏(lou)(lou)斗(dou)、吸(xi)管(guan)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),構成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)完整的(de)(de)家(jia)族。其相互關系是(shi)(shi):母(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)由(you)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組成(cheng)的(de)(de),它的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)范(fan)圍在10-20公(gong)里(li),其威力(li)屬(shu)海(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)之首;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)由(you)各個(ge)(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組成(cheng),作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)在3-10公(gong)里(li);龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)也(ye)稱(cheng)小(xiao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),是(shi)(shi)由(you)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)漏(lou)(lou)斗(dou)組成(cheng),作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)在1-3公(gong)里(li)范(fan)圍內;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)漏(lou)(lou)斗(dou)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)常(chang)所見的(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)斗(dou)云,它的(de)(de)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)約為300米(mi),一根(gen)漏(lou)(lou)斗(dou)云里(li),有兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)甚至三個(ge)(ge)(ge)以上(shang)吸(xi)管(guan)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),所以也(ye)稱(cheng)母(mu)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan);吸(xi)管(guan)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)群中(zhong)最(zui)年輕的(de)(de),它的(de)(de)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)一般不超過(guo)30米(mi),但其破壞力(li)卻是(shi)(shi)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de),有時(shi)比臺(tai)(tai)風威力(li)還大(da),主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)它那渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)軸范(fan)圍小(xiao)氣(qi)壓梯度(du)特別大(da),壓力(li)差可達20百帕(pa)以上(shang),為臺(tai)(tai)風內部(bu)(bu)平均氣(qi)壓差的(de)(de)幾(ji)百倍(bei)甚至上(shang)千倍(bei),因(yin)此其內部(bu)(bu)風速極大(da),多(duo)(duo)在每秒100米(mi)以上(shang),要(yao)(yao)比臺(tai)(tai)風大(da)幾(ji)倍(bei),所經之處(chu)常(chang)能造(zao)成(cheng)極嚴重的(de)(de)災害,海(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)能把海(hai)(hai)上(shang)船只(zhi)和(he)水(shui)以及水(shui)里(li)的(de)(de)一切東西帶進(jin)云層中(zhong),這(zhe)些暴(bao)風云中(zhong)的(de)(de)強風則攜帶著(zhu)卷(juan)進(jin)來(lai)的(de)(de)東西長(chang)途穿行,然后一股腦兒的(de)(de)將它們傾倒在毫無(wu)準備(bei)的(de)(de)人或建筑物之上(shang)。魚從天(tian)而降,這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),即(ji)是(shi)(shi)“魚雨”形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)原因(yin)。
除了魚雨外,據有關資料記(ji)載(zai),1881年英國伍斯特城下(xia)過(guo)一場螃蟹雨和(he)蝸牛雨。1979年在維多利亞城附(fu)近的卡里希地區,下(xia)過(guo)蝦(xia)雨和(he)淡水魚雨。19世紀(ji)初(chu),在丹麥下(xia)的一場蝦(xia)雨,足足有20分(fen)鐘時(shi)間,1933年,前蘇聯遠(yuan)東科瓦利托活下(xia)了一場罕見的海蜇雨。
據澳大利亞(ya)媒體2010年3月2日(ri)報道,天上下雨(yu)(yu)不是(shi)新聞(wen),但天上“下魚(yu)(yu)”大概是(shi)許多人聞(wen)所未聞(wen)的(de)(de)奇(qi)聞(wen)。澳大利亞(ya)北部(bu)地(di)區的(de)(de)拉加馬奴鎮日(ri)前竟連(lian)續(xu)下了(le)(le)2天“魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)”,成(cheng)千上萬(wan)條小魚(yu)(yu)竟從(cong)天而降,而這些魚(yu)(yu)落到地(di)面時居然仍是(shi)活著的(de)(de)!專家推測,這些小魚(yu)(yu)很可能(neng)是(shi)在一(yi)場龍(long)卷風中(zhong),隨(sui)著河水一(yi)起被狂風卷入到數萬(wan)英(ying)尺空(kong)中(zhong),繼而隨(sui)風在空(kong)中(zhong)“飛(fei)行”了(le)(le)數百公里,最終在拉加馬奴鎮上空(kong)落下,從(cong)而形成(cheng)了(le)(le)天降“魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)”的(de)(de)奇(qi)觀。
魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)在(zai)拉丁美洲,成為很多國家的(de)民間傳說。據說在(zai)魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)到來之前,天上(shang)烏云滾(gun)(gun)滾(gun)(gun),大風呼嘯,強風暴雨(yu)(yu)大約持續2到3小時之后,數百(bai)條活魚(yu)(yu)在(zai)地面(mian)上(shang)。人(ren)們把這(zhe)些地上(shang)的(de)新鮮(xian)活魚(yu)(yu)拿回(hui)家烹飪,看似多可(ke)笑的(de)事情啊(a),可(ke)是它卻真實存在(zai)著。自(zi)從1998年的(de)一(yi)場魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)后,洪都拉斯(si)國家的(de)Yoro城市(shi)在(zai)每年都會過這(zhe)個“魚(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)”節(jie)。
瀕臨(lin)加勒(le)比海的(de)洪(hong)(hong)都拉(la)斯(si)人很(hen)喜歡吃(chi)魚(yu)。有趣的(de)是(shi)在每年(nian)的(de)5月至7月間,洪(hong)(hong)都拉(la)斯(si)的(de)一些(xie)地區都會下(xia)魚(yu)雨(yu)。這種現(xian)(xian)象已(yi)經有些(xie)年(nian)頭(tou)了(le),如今(jin)更被寫進許多民俗故事中。記(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)沒有親眼見(jian)過(guo)(guo)天上掉魚(yu)的(de)奇觀。據說(shuo)魚(yu)雨(yu)來臨(lin)之前,天上烏(wu)云滾滾,大風呼(hu)嘯,強風暴雨(yu)大約持續兩三個小時之后(hou),數百條活魚(yu),便落在地上。從(cong)1989年(nian)開始,洪(hong)(hong)都拉(la)斯(si)人每年(nian)都慶祝魚(yu)雨(yu)節(jie)。2006年(nian),洪(hong)(hong)都拉(la)斯(si)電(dian)視臺曾報(bao)道(dao)過(guo)(guo)魚(yu)雨(yu)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)過(guo)(guo)兩次。記(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)曾打聽過(guo)(guo)魚(yu)雨(yu)的(de)成因(yin),不(bu)過(guo)(guo)得到(dao)的(de)回答(da)都是(shi)“民間傳說(shuo)”版:1856年(nian),一個叫蘇比讓拿的(de)西班牙神父來到(dao)洪(hong)(hong)都拉(la)斯(si)。為(wei)了(le)幫助(zhu)窮人,他連續三天祈禱,請神賜予食物。自(zi)那時起就開始下(xia)魚(yu)雨(yu)了(le)。其(qi)(qi)實魚(yu)雨(yu)在世(shi)界(jie)其(qi)(qi)它地方也出(chu)現(xian)(xian)過(guo)(guo),大多時候和龍卷風等(deng)天氣現(xian)(xian)象有關。不(bu)過(guo)(guo)像(xiang)洪(hong)(hong)都拉(la)斯(si)這樣(yang)集中,還真是(shi)罕見(jian)。
1949年8月,在新西蘭沿(yan)岸地區下了(le)一(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu),成千(qian)上萬(wan)尾魚(yu)(yu)(yu)撒(sa)滿一(yi)地,有(you)鱈(xue)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、銀槍魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黑魚(yu)(yu)(yu)等等,無奇(qi)不有(you)。雨(yu)(yu)過天(tian)晴,人(ren)們紛(fen)紛(fen)拾(shi)魚(yu)(yu)(yu),大(da)飽(bao)了(le)口福。1949年10月23日(ri)上午,美(mei)國(guo)路易斯(si)安那(nei)(nei)州馬克斯(si)維下了(le)一(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu),生物學家巴伊(yi)科夫親(qin)自收集(ji)了(le)一(yi)大(da)瓶制作(zuo)標(biao)本(ben)。美(mei)國(guo)圣迭戈下了(le)一(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu),有(you)沙(sha)丁魚(yu)(yu)(yu)和鱈(xue)魚(yu)(yu)(yu),居民十(shi)分驚奇(qi)。1974年2月,澳大(da)利(li)亞的(de)(de)一(yi)個村子里,降下了(le)150多條河(he)鱸似(si)的(de)(de)銀漢(han)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)。1975年,英(ying)(ying)國(guo)電臺記者羅(luo)(luo)納(na)·薩班斯(si)爾(er)講(jiang)述了(le)他親(qin)身經歷(li)的(de)(de)那(nei)(nei)次(ci)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)(yu)趣事(shi):那(nei)(nei)是(shi)(shi)第二次(ci)世(shi)界大(da)戰期間(jian),羅(luo)(luo)納(na)在駐緬(mian)(mian)甸(dian)的(de)(de)英(ying)(ying)軍中服役,部隊來到緬(mian)(mian)甸(dian)巴基斯(si)坦相連的(de)(de)庫米拉城。這里淡水奇(qi)缺,每(mei)人(ren)每(mei)天(tian)只(zhi)能(neng)喝(he)上幾口水。一(yi)天(tian),天(tian)上烏云滾(gun)滾(gun),大(da)風呼嘯(xiao),眼見一(yi)場(chang)暴雨(yu)(yu)即將來臨。羅(luo)(luo)納(na)立刻(ke)脫去衣(yi)服,身上涂上肥皂,站在空(kong)地上想痛(tong)快地洗個澡(zao)。雨(yu)(yu)下來了(le),可(ke)那(nei)(nei)不是(shi)(shi)雨(yu)(yu)水,而是(shi)(shi)一(yi)條條沙(sha)丁魚(yu)(yu)(yu),打得他身上很痛(tong)很痛(tong),不一(yi)會羅(luo)(luo)納(na)已被(bei)埋在幾萬(wan)條沙(sha)丁魚(yu)(yu)(yu)堆(dui)中,他掙扎了(le)很久,才從魚(yu)(yu)(yu)堆(dui)中爬出逃回房間(jian)。