在(zai)世界眾多怪雨中,要數魚(yu)雨為數最(zui)多。魚(yu)雨在(zai)英國、美國和澳大(da)利亞屢見不(bu)鮮,尤其是(shi)澳大(da)利亞,魚(yu)雨經(jing)常(chang)出現,以至報紙已不(bu)愿再刊登這(zhe)類(lei)令人乏味(wei)的(de)消息。
魚雨(yu)一(yi)直發生(sheng)在拉丁美洲(zhou),成為很多國家的(de)民間傳說(shuo)。據(ju)說(shuo)在魚雨(yu)到(dao)來(lai)之前,天上(shang)烏云(yun)滾(gun)滾(gun),大風呼嘯(xiao),強風暴雨(yu)大約持續2到(dao)3小時(shi)之后(hou),數百條活(huo)(huo)魚在地面上(shang)。人們把這(zhe)些地上(shang)的(de)新鮮(xian)活(huo)(huo)魚拿回家烹飪,看(kan)似多可(ke)(ke)笑的(de)事(shi)情啊(a),可(ke)(ke)是它(ta)卻(que)真實存在著。自從1998年的(de)一(yi)場魚雨(yu)后(hou),洪都拉斯(si)國家的(de)Yoro城市在每(mei)年都會過這(zhe)個“魚雨(yu)”節。
從加利福尼(ni)亞到(dao)英(ying)國再到(dao)印度(du),也(ye)不斷(duan)有關多(duo)魚形(xing)(xing)式的(de)(de)降(jiang)雨的(de)(de)報道(dao):一(yi)些(xie)小(xiao)(xiao)動物,例如魚、青蛙(wa)和蛇(she)偶(ou)爾(er)會出(chu)人意料(liao)地(di)從空中落下,有時候(hou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)離(li)水(shui)域數英(ying)里(li)遠的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為在(zai)湖泊或(huo)海(hai)(hai)洋上(shang)方(fang)(fang)急速旋轉的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷可能會把(ba)水(shui)以(yi)及水(shui)里(li)的(de)(de)一(yi)切東(dong)西帶(dai)進云(yun)層中,然后通過強風攜帶(dai)、可能遠途(tu)“旅行”降(jiang)落到(dao)其(qi)他(ta)地(di)方(fang)(fang),形(xing)(xing)成規模(mo)不等、形(xing)(xing)式各異的(de)(de)“雨”。龍(long)卷風根據它發(fa)(fa)(fa)生在(zai)陸地(di)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)上(shang),可分(fen)為陸龍(long)卷和海(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷,海(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷的(de)(de)直(zhi)徑一(yi)般比陸龍(long)卷略小(xiao)(xiao),其(qi)強度(du)較(jiao)大(da),維持(chi)時間較(jiao)長(chang),在(zai)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)往往是(shi)(shi)(shi)集群出(chu)現(xian)。在(zai)大(da)洋上(shang)易發(fa)(fa)(fa)生臺風或(huo)颶風的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)區(qu),也(ye)容易發(fa)(fa)(fa)生海(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷,值得注意的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當出(chu)現(xian)厄(e)爾(er)尼(ni)諾現(xian)象(xiang)時,海(hai)(hai)龍(long)卷發(fa)(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)次數就(jiu)會增多(duo),顯而易見,厄(e)爾(er)尼(ni)諾現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian),反映著太(tai)平洋東(dong)部(bu)赤道(dao)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)附(fu)近及其(qi)以(yi)南海(hai)(hai)域的(de)(de)大(da)規模(mo)增溫現(xian)象(xiang)。
從海龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)群發生成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程,可(ke)以(yi)把其(qi)分(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)階段。在(zai)(zai)海龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)群中(zhong)最(zui)成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要推(tui)“母龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)”,依次是(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)族(zu)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)斗、吸(xi)(xi)管渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),構成(cheng)(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家族(zu)。其(qi)相互(hu)關系是(shi)(shi)(shi):母龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由多(duo)個(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用范圍在(zai)(zai)10-20公(gong)里,其(qi)威力(li)屬(shu)海龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)之(zhi)首;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由各個(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組成(cheng)(cheng),作用尺(chi)度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)3-10公(gong)里;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)也(ye)稱小(xiao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)由多(duo)個(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)斗組成(cheng)(cheng),作用在(zai)(zai)1-3公(gong)里范圍內;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)斗也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通常(chang)所(suo)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)斗云(yun),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度(du)(du)約為300米,一根漏(lou)(lou)(lou)斗云(yun)里,有(you)兩個(ge)(ge)甚(shen)(shen)至三(san)個(ge)(ge)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)吸(xi)(xi)管渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),所(suo)以(yi)也(ye)稱母渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan);吸(xi)(xi)管渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)海龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)群中(zhong)最(zui)年輕(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度(du)(du)一般(ban)不超過(guo)30米,但其(qi)破壞力(li)卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)時比臺(tai)風威力(li)還(huan)大(da)(da),主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)那渦(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)軸范圍小(xiao)氣(qi)壓梯度(du)(du)特別(bie)大(da)(da),壓力(li)差(cha)可(ke)達20百(bai)帕以(yi)上(shang)(shang),為臺(tai)風內部(bu)平均氣(qi)壓差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾百(bai)倍(bei)甚(shen)(shen)至上(shang)(shang)千倍(bei),因(yin)(yin)此(ci)其(qi)內部(bu)風速極大(da)(da),多(duo)在(zai)(zai)每秒100米以(yi)上(shang)(shang),要比臺(tai)風大(da)(da)幾倍(bei),所(suo)經之(zhi)處(chu)常(chang)能造成(cheng)(cheng)極嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災害,海龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)能把海上(shang)(shang)船只(zhi)和水(shui)以(yi)及水(shui)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一切東西(xi)帶進(jin)云(yun)層中(zhong),這些暴風云(yun)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)風則攜(xie)帶著卷(juan)(juan)(juan)進(jin)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東西(xi)長(chang)途穿行,然后(hou)一股腦兒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將(jiang)它(ta)們傾倒在(zai)(zai)毫無(wu)準備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人或建筑物(wu)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。魚(yu)從天(tian)而降,這就是(shi)(shi)(shi)海龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,即是(shi)(shi)(shi)“魚(yu)雨”形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)。
除了魚雨(yu)(yu)外,據有關資料記載,1881年(nian)英(ying)國伍斯(si)特城下(xia)(xia)(xia)過一場螃蟹雨(yu)(yu)和蝸牛(niu)雨(yu)(yu)。1979年(nian)在(zai)維多利亞城附近的(de)卡(ka)里希地區,下(xia)(xia)(xia)過蝦雨(yu)(yu)和淡水魚雨(yu)(yu)。19世紀初(chu),在(zai)丹麥下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)一場蝦雨(yu)(yu),足足有20分鐘時間,1933年(nian),前(qian)蘇聯遠東科(ke)瓦利托活下(xia)(xia)(xia)了一場罕見的(de)海蜇雨(yu)(yu)。
據澳大利亞媒體2010年3月2日報道,天(tian)上(shang)下雨不是(shi)新聞(wen),但天(tian)上(shang)“下魚(yu)(yu)(yu)”大概是(shi)許多人聞(wen)所未聞(wen)的(de)奇聞(wen)。澳大利亞北(bei)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)的(de)拉(la)加馬奴(nu)鎮日前(qian)竟連續下了2天(tian)“魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨”,成千(qian)上(shang)萬條小魚(yu)(yu)(yu)竟從天(tian)而降,而這(zhe)些(xie)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)落到地(di)面時居然仍是(shi)活著(zhu)的(de)!專家推測,這(zhe)些(xie)小魚(yu)(yu)(yu)很(hen)可能是(shi)在(zai)(zai)一場龍卷風(feng)中,隨(sui)著(zhu)河水(shui)一起被狂風(feng)卷入到數萬英尺空中,繼(ji)而隨(sui)風(feng)在(zai)(zai)空中“飛行”了數百公(gong)里,最終在(zai)(zai)拉(la)加馬奴(nu)鎮上(shang)空落下,從而形(xing)成了天(tian)降“魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨”的(de)奇觀。
魚(yu)雨在(zai)拉丁美洲,成(cheng)為很多(duo)(duo)國家(jia)的(de)(de)民間傳說。據說在(zai)魚(yu)雨到來之前,天上(shang)烏云(yun)滾滾,大風呼嘯,強風暴雨大約持續2到3小時(shi)之后,數百(bai)條活(huo)魚(yu)在(zai)地(di)面上(shang)。人們把這些地(di)上(shang)的(de)(de)新鮮活(huo)魚(yu)拿回家(jia)烹飪,看(kan)似多(duo)(duo)可(ke)笑的(de)(de)事(shi)情啊,可(ke)是它卻真實存在(zai)著(zhu)。自(zi)從(cong)1998年的(de)(de)一(yi)場魚(yu)雨后,洪都(dou)(dou)拉斯國家(jia)的(de)(de)Yoro城市(shi)在(zai)每(mei)年都(dou)(dou)會過這個(ge)“魚(yu)雨”節。
瀕臨加勒比海的(de)洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)人(ren)很(hen)喜歡吃魚(yu)。有(you)趣的(de)是(shi)在(zai)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)5月至7月間,洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)的(de)一些(xie)地區都(dou)(dou)(dou)會下魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)。這種(zhong)現象已(yi)經有(you)些(xie)年(nian)(nian)(nian)頭了,如今更被寫進許多(duo)民(min)(min)俗故(gu)事中。記(ji)者沒有(you)親(qin)眼(yan)見過(guo)天(tian)上(shang)(shang)掉魚(yu)的(de)奇觀。據說魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)來(lai)臨之前,天(tian)上(shang)(shang)烏云滾(gun)滾(gun),大風(feng)呼嘯,強風(feng)暴雨(yu)(yu)大約持續(xu)兩(liang)三(san)個小時(shi)之后,數百條活魚(yu),便落在(zai)地上(shang)(shang)。從1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始,洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)人(ren)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)慶祝(zhu)魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)節。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian),洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)電視臺曾報道過(guo)魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)出現過(guo)兩(liang)次(ci)。記(ji)者曾打聽(ting)過(guo)魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)的(de)成因,不過(guo)得(de)到的(de)回答都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)“民(min)(min)間傳說”版(ban):1856年(nian)(nian)(nian),一個叫蘇比讓(rang)拿的(de)西班(ban)牙神父來(lai)到洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)。為(wei)了幫助(zhu)窮人(ren),他連續(xu)三(san)天(tian)祈禱,請神賜(si)予食物。自那(nei)時(shi)起就開始下魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)了。其實魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)在(zai)世(shi)界其它地方也出現過(guo),大多(duo)時(shi)候和龍卷風(feng)等天(tian)氣(qi)現象有(you)關。不過(guo)像洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)這樣集中,還真(zhen)是(shi)罕見。
1949年(nian)(nian)8月,在(zai)新西蘭沿(yan)岸地(di)(di)區下(xia)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu),成千上(shang)(shang)萬尾魚(yu)(yu)(yu)撒滿一(yi)(yi)地(di)(di),有(you)鱈魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、銀槍魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黑魚(yu)(yu)(yu)等等,無奇不(bu)有(you)。雨(yu)過天晴(qing),人們紛紛拾魚(yu)(yu)(yu),大(da)飽了(le)(le)口(kou)福。1949年(nian)(nian)10月23日上(shang)(shang)午,美(mei)國(guo)(guo)路易斯安那(nei)州馬克斯維下(xia)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu),生物學家巴伊科夫親自收集(ji)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)大(da)瓶制(zhi)作標(biao)本(ben)。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)圣(sheng)迭戈下(xia)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu),有(you)沙(sha)丁(ding)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)和鱈魚(yu)(yu)(yu),居民十分驚奇。1974年(nian)(nian)2月,澳(ao)大(da)利亞的(de)一(yi)(yi)個村子里(li),降下(xia)了(le)(le)150多條(tiao)河鱸似(si)的(de)銀漢魚(yu)(yu)(yu)。1975年(nian)(nian),英國(guo)(guo)電(dian)臺記者羅納(na)(na)·薩(sa)班斯爾講(jiang)述了(le)(le)他親身經歷(li)的(de)那(nei)次魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)趣事(shi):那(nei)是第(di)二(er)次世界大(da)戰期間(jian),羅納(na)(na)在(zai)駐緬(mian)(mian)甸的(de)英軍中服役,部(bu)隊來(lai)到緬(mian)(mian)甸巴基斯坦相連(lian)的(de)庫米(mi)拉城。這里(li)淡水(shui)奇缺,每(mei)(mei)人每(mei)(mei)天只能(neng)喝上(shang)(shang)幾(ji)口(kou)水(shui)。一(yi)(yi)天,天上(shang)(shang)烏云滾滾,大(da)風呼嘯(xiao),眼見(jian)一(yi)(yi)場(chang)暴雨(yu)即將(jiang)來(lai)臨。羅納(na)(na)立刻脫去衣服,身上(shang)(shang)涂上(shang)(shang)肥皂,站在(zai)空地(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)想痛(tong)(tong)快地(di)(di)洗個澡。雨(yu)下(xia)來(lai)了(le)(le),可那(nei)不(bu)是雨(yu)水(shui),而是一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)條(tiao)沙(sha)丁(ding)魚(yu)(yu)(yu),打得他身上(shang)(shang)很痛(tong)(tong)很痛(tong)(tong),不(bu)一(yi)(yi)會(hui)羅納(na)(na)已被埋在(zai)幾(ji)萬條(tiao)沙(sha)丁(ding)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)堆中,他掙扎了(le)(le)很久,才從(cong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)堆中爬(pa)出逃回房(fang)間(jian)。