歷史沿革
相(xiang)傳孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)的父親叔梁紇(he)和母親顏征在登尼(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)祈禱而生孔(kong)(kong)子(zi),后世以(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)奉祀(si)(si)。此廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)初名為(wei)叔梁紇(he)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。唐《括地志》載:“叔梁紇(he)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)亦名尼(ni)(ni)丘(qiu)山(shan)(shan)祠,在兗州(zhou)(zhou)泗水(shui)縣(xian)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)尼(ni)(ni)丘(qiu)山(shan)(shan)東址”。五(wu)代(dai)后周(zhou)顯德(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)954—960年(nian))間,兗州(zhou)(zhou)太守趙(zhao)侯于尼(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)再建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)奉祀(si)(si),宋仁宗慶歷(li)三年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1043年(nian)),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六代(dai)孫(sun)、襲封文宣公(gong)孔(kong)(kong)宗愿(yuan)“作新(xin)宮廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、有殿、有寢(qin)、有講(jiang)堂、有學舍(原(yuan)在廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)西(xi)側,現已不存(cun))、有祭田”,已成為(wei)主祀(si)(si)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)的廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)宇。金(jin)明昌五(wu)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1194年(nian)),以(yi)維修孔(kong)(kong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)羨錢四千(qian)余貫,興工(gong)大(da)修形制與今廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基本(ben)相(xiang)同。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至順三年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1332年(nian))孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四代(dai)孫(sun)、衍圣公(gong)孔(kong)(kong)思(si)晦上疏奏(zou)請重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1338年(nian))三月以(yi)廉(lian)坊僉事楊訥等捐資興工(gong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至正十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1348年(nian))又(you)增塑孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)及四配像(xiang)。明洪武十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1377年(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修。明永樂十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1417年(nian)),五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九代(dai)孫(sun)、衍圣公(gong)孔(kong)(kong)彥縉(jin)等“鼎(ding)新(xin)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),正殿三間,高廣如制。明弘治(zhi)七(qi)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1494年(nian))、萬歷(li)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1589年(nian))、清康熙十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1674年(nian))、雍正二年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1724年(nian))、乾隆(long)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1755年(nian))多次維修,部分(fen)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)進行重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等。清道光(guang)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1846年(nian)),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四代(dai)孫(sun)、衍圣公(gong)孔(kong)(kong)繁灝(hao)上疏奏(zou)請重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修尼(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)孔(kong)(kong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),經皇帝同意,撥銀三萬一(yi)千(qian)五(wu)百余兩(liang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修。新(xin)中國成立后,尼(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群的建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、碑刻、古樹、環(huan)境受到充分(fen)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視、修繕和保(bao)護。
建筑群組成部分
尼山(shan)(shan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)廟橫(heng)分三路,五進(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落,殿(dian)堂(tang)共計80余間(jian)(jian)。前(qian)為(wei)石構欞星門(men),門(men)前(qian)石橋旁建(jian)(jian)(jian)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting),立有(you)《重(zhong)修尼山(shan)(shan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)廟記》碑(bei)。門(men)前(qian)東側臨崖處,相傳孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)此觀(guan)五川(chuan)匯流,有(you)后(hou)人建(jian)(jian)(jian)木(mu)構“觀(guan)川(chuan)亭(ting)(ting)”。《論語》載:“子(zi)在(zai)(zai)川(chuan)上曰,逝者如斯夫(fu),不舍(she)晝夜!”即是此地(di)。觀(guan)川(chuan)亭(ting)(ting)東側崖下有(you)“坤靈洞”,因(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)此降生,故稱“夫(fu)子(zi)洞”。大成殿(dian)5間(jian)(jian),單檐歇山(shan)(shan),頂覆黃(huang)琉璃瓦,雖系清(qing)代重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian),仍(reng)保留元代木(mu)結構風(feng)格。東西兩廡各(ge)5間(jian)(jian),寢(qin)殿(dian)5間(jian)(jian),東路有(you)講(jiang)堂(tang)、照壁,土地(di)祠。西路有(you)啟(qi)圣(sheng)殿(dian),祀孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)父叔梁紇。后(hou)為(wei)寢(qin)殿(dian),祀孔(kong)(kong)(kong)母(mu)顏氏。毓圣(sheng)侯祠位于中路北部,奉祀尼山(shan)(shan)神。尼山(shan)(shan)書院(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)廟東北百余米處,周圍恒墻,書院(yuan)(yuan)大門(men)南向,院(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)正(zheng)房5間(jian)(jian),五稟四柱前(qian)后(hou)廊式木(mu)架,灰瓦硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)頂,東西廂房各(ge)5間(jian)(jian)。系當年講(jiang)學(xue)授業(ye)和紀(ji)念(nian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)的(de)處所。整座建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群占地(di)約1.6公頃(qing),有(you)殿(dian)、堂(tang)、祠、亭(ting)(ting)等大小建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)27座,81間(jian)(jian),建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積1700平方米。
保護單位級別
尼(ni)山孔(kong)廟1977年被公布為(wei)山東省文物保(bao)護單(dan)位,2006年被公布為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)重點文物保(bao)護單(dan)位,2007年作為(wei)“三孔(kong)遺產地擴展項目”列(lie)入國(guo)家(jia)世界遺產預備名單(dan)。
尼山孔廟的建筑
欞星門
尼山孔廟的(de)第一(yi)道(dao)大門為欞星(xing)門(意與闕里廟之門相同)。清道(dao)光二(er)十七年(公元1847年)修(xiu)廟時添建(jian),三間四柱(zhu),為八(ba)角柱(zhu),前后(hou)有(you)石(shi)鼓夾抱,柱(zhu)上(shang)出云朵(duo),首飾蓮花座。中二(er)柱(zhu)頂刻(ke)圓雕(diao)石(shi)獅,傍二(er)柱(zhu)頂刻(ke)花瓶(ping)。明間陰刻(ke)“欞星(xing)門”三字,上(shang)刻(ke)火(huo)焰寶珠。坊兩(liang)側(ce)建(jian)有(you)八(ba)字墻。欞星(xing)門下西側(ce)有(you)石(shi)碑并亭一(yi)座,采用(yong)現代水泥結構,石(shi)碑記敘了郭禎祥(xiang)捐(juan)款修(xiu)廟的(de)經(jing)過。
觀川亭
觀川(chuan)(chuan)亭位于大(da)成門前的第一(yi)進院落(luo),在(zai)此院落(luo)的東(dong)(dong)南角。亭始建(jian)于金明昌五(wu)年(nian)(公(gong)元1194年(nian)),今(jin)存清代建(jian)筑。觀川(chuan)(chuan)亭東(dong)(dong)臨沂水,下臨懸(xuan)崖,相傳為(wei)(wei)孔(kong)子(zi)觀川(chuan)(chuan)、感(gan)嘆時光奔馳(chi)不返(fan)的地方(fang)。取(qu)《論語(yu)·子(zi)罕》載“子(zi)在(zai)川(chuan)(chuan)上曰(yue):‘逝者如斯夫,不舍晝夜’”語(yu)命(ming)名為(wei)(wei)觀川(chuan)(chuan)亭,毛澤東(dong)(dong)主席曾(ceng)引用此句。今(jin)亭為(wei)(wei)方(fang)形,木架無(wu)斗拱(gong),單檐(yan)灰歇(xie)山頂(ding)。
大成門
此門為(wei)三間三門,單檐(yan)黃(huang)瓦硬山頂,無斗拱。始建(jian)于(yu)宋(song)代,歷經金(jin)、元(yuan)、明(ming)、清數代修復,現存為(wei)清被(bei)建(jian)筑。
大成殿
此殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)尼山孔(kong)廟的主(zhu)體建筑,是祭(ji)祀(si)孔(kong)子(zi)的主(zhu)要場所。殿(dian)(dian)始建于宋(song)慶歷(li)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(公元1403年(nian)(nian)),金、元、明、清(qing)多(duo)次重修,現存為(wei)(wei)清(qing)道(dao)光年(nian)(nian)間(jian)重修。殿(dian)(dian)五間(jian),單檐黃瓦歇(xie)山頂,檐下(xia)有(you)(you)斗拱,前檐柱為(wei)(wei)石質,八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing),每面均為(wei)(wei)淺(qian)刻小(xiao)幅云龍。殿(dian)(dian)內供(gong)奉孔(kong)子(zi)及(ji)四(si)配(pei),神龕及(ji)塑像(xiang)為(wei)(wei)1989年(nian)(nian)復制,原(yuan)像(xiang)等(deng)在“文革(ge)”初期被毀。殿(dian)(dian)前有(you)(you)元代(dai)石幢,記載了當時的修廟、祀(si)廟的歷(li)史情(qing)況。
兩廡
東西(xi)兩廡各五間(jian),前(qian)為廊,無斗拱(gong),單檐(yan)灰瓦懸山頂(ding)。原為金代建筑,1978年維修(xiu)時(shi)重建東廡,大修(xiu)西(xi)廡,為供奉(feng)孔子七十二賢弟(di)子的地(di)方,原神(shen)龕(kan)及木主牌位(wei)在“文革”初期被(bei)毀,1989年重新復制(zhi)。
寢殿
此殿在大成殿之(zhi)后,是祭祀孔子(zi)(zi)夫人(ren)亓官氏的地方。始建于宋代,殿五間,前出(chu)廊,無(wu)斗拱,單(dan)檐(yan)黃(huang)瓦懸山頂。殿內(nei)供奉(feng)孔子(zi)(zi)夫人(ren)神牌位,1989年復制(zhi)神龕。
東西廂房
寢殿前(qian)東西各有三間廂(xiang)房,前(qian)出廊,無斗拱,單檐灰瓦懸山頂。兩廂(xiang)房是祭祀(si)孔(kong)子之子孔(kong)鯉、之孫(sun)孔(kong)伋(ji)的場所。因孔(kong)鯉、孔(kong)伋(ji)在(zai)宋崇寧元年(公元1102年)被(bei)追封為“泗(si)水侯(hou)”及“沂(yi)(yi)水侯(hou)”,所以東為泗(si)水侯(hou)殿,西為沂(yi)(yi)水侯(hou)殿。
講堂
講(jiang)堂在廟的東(dong)路,是(shi)祭(ji)祀孔子(zi)之前的齋所(suo),也是(shi)用來講(jiang)授經典的地方。堂為三(san)間,前出廊,無斗拱,單(dan)檐灰瓦懸山頂。堂始(shi)建于宋天歷年間,今存為清(qing)代重建。
土地祠
講堂后為土(tu)地祠(ci),一間,灰瓦(wa)懸山(shan)頂,前有(you)照壁,是(shi)用來祭祀尼山(shan)土(tu)地神(shen)的地方(因(yin)孔子生(sheng)于尼山(shan),得到土(tu)地神(shen)的保護,使之成為圣人)。祠(ci)為清道光年(nian)間重修廟時(shi)添建。
毓圣侯祠
其(qi)祠在西路的東(dong)南角,三(san)間(jian),前出(chu)廊,無斗(dou)拱,單檐灰(hui)瓦懸山頂(ding)。宋仁(ren)宗皇佑(you)三(san)年(nian)(公元1051年(nian)),封尼山神為毓(yu)圣侯(因孔(kong)子生于此,得到尼山神的保佑(you)),建祠祭祀,現(xian)存(cun)建筑為清道(dao)光年(nian)間(jian)修廟時重建。
啟圣王殿
啟圣(sheng)王(wang)(wang)是奉(feng)祀孔子之父(fu)叔梁(liang)(liang)紇的場所(suo),因(yin)叔梁(liang)(liang)紇于(yu)元至順元年(nian)(nian)(公元1330年(nian)(nian))被(bei)加贈為(wei)“啟圣(sheng)王(wang)(wang)”而得名(ming)。此(ci)殿始于(yu)唐(tang)(原(yuan)年(nian)(nian)代不祥),原(yuan)為(wei)叔梁(liang)(liang)紇廟,也叫尼丘(qiu)山(shan)祠,五(wu)代擴建時(shi)改為(wei)專祀叔梁(liang)(liang)紇。后經歷代重(zhong)修,現存為(wei)清初建筑,殿五(wu)間,前出廊(lang),無斗(dou)拱,單(dan)檐(yan)綠瓦歇山(shan)頂(ding)。殿前面有三門(men),名(ming)為(wei)啟圣(sheng)門(men)。
啟圣王寢殿
此殿是奉祀孔子母親(qin)顏征(zheng)在的場所,建筑年代,形制同(tong)啟圣王殿相(xiang)同(tong),單檐綠瓦歇山(shan)頂。
神皰
神皰位于廟(miao)的最后部(bu),是用來置備祭品的場所,初(chu)建于金代,今存為清(qing)道光年間建筑。正房三間,西廂房二(er)間,均為灰(hui)瓦硬山頂。
尼山書院
尼(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)孔(kong)廟之(zhi)后便是書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是儒家學者主(zhu)講的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang),書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)名始于唐(tang)代(dai)(dai),書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制度形成于宋代(dai)(dai)。書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)持(chi)人(ren)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)洞主(zhu)、山(shan)(shan)長(chang)、堂長(chang)、院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)、教授等職名,各個朝(chao)代(dai)(dai)不(bu)同。尼(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)設學長(chang)管理(li),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正八品,書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以《四書(shu)(shu)(shu)》、《五經》為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基本(ben)教材,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)地(di)(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)教育中(zhong)心,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)著(zhu)名學者研討學問的(de)(de)勝地(di)(di)。在尼(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)孔(kong)廟后設書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),因孔(kong)子(zi)是歷代(dai)(dai)尊崇的(de)(de)文(wen)化圣(sheng)人(ren),以示(shi)在此(ci)設書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)最有(you)意義。尼(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正房(fang)三間(jian)(jian),前出廊,無(wu)斗拱(gong),灰瓦(wa)(wa)懸山(shan)(shan)頂(ding);東(dong)西各有(you)廂(xiang)房(fang)三間(jian)(jian),東(dong)廂(xiang)之(zhi)南有(you)茶房(fang)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灰瓦(wa)(wa)硬山(shan)(shan)頂(ding);大(da)門一(yi)間(jian)(jian),灰瓦(wa)(wa)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)。門前東(dong)側(ce)有(you)元代(dai)(dai)刻制的(de)(de)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)石碑。
尼山(shan)書院始建(jian)于宋慶歷三年(nian)(nian)(公元1043年(nian)(nian)),原址(zhi)在(zai)廟的(de)西側(ce)。金(jin)明(ming)昌五年(nian)(nian)(公元1194年(nian)(nian))移于今處,后經多次重修(xiu),今存為明(ming)代建(jian)筑。明(ming)朝孔子六十(shi)孫(sun)孔承慶(早卒,明(ming)景泰六年(nian)(nian),公元1455年(nian)(nian)追贈衍圣(sheng)公)曾有詩曰:“盤石(shi)垂蘿(luo)何(he)處家,山(shan)深茅(mao)屋隔(ge)煙霞(xia)。幽人讀罷(ba)無余事,紗(sha)帽籠頭自(zi)煮茶”。似(si)此幽雅清靜(jing)的(de)仙境,真是讀書講學難得的(de)好地方。
夫子洞(dong)(坤靈洞(dong))
夫子(zi)(zi)(zi)洞(dong)(dong)相傳為(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)出生(sheng)處,位于(yu)(yu)(yu)觀川亭的(de)山(shan)崖下。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)父親叔(shu)梁紇為(wei)魯國陬邑大夫,娶顏征(zheng)在(zai)(zai)為(wei)妻,征(zheng)在(zai)(zai)母家在(zai)(zai)尼(ni)(ni)山(shan)東(dong)南的(de)顏母莊。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)什(shen)么能(neng)在(zai)(zai)洞(dong)(dong)中呢?有(you)兩種說法;一說顏征(zheng)在(zai)(zai)祈(qi)禱(dao)尼(ni)(ni)山(shan)神后(hou)(hou),回(hui)家時便臨產,將孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產于(yu)(yu)(yu)洞(dong)(dong)中;一說孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)來丑陋,其(qi)母將其(qi)遺棄,天氣炎熱,雕用其(qi)翅(chi)膀扇涼(liang)。坤靈洞(dong)(dong)始見于(yu)(yu)(yu)金正大四年(nian)(公(gong)元1227年(nian))成書的(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)元措《孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏祖庭廣記(ji)》圖(tu)中,刻(ke)有(you)洞(dong)(dong)名,為(wei)金代的(de)進(jin)士劉曄所刻(ke)。元至元三十一年(nian)(公(gong)元1294年(nian)),司(si)居敬(jing)刻(ke)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)像(xiang),置于(yu)(yu)(yu)洞(dong)(dong)中,后(hou)(hou)為(wei)戰亂所毀,洞(dong)(dong)因被水淤(yu)塞已滿,1978年(nian)清(qing)理重修,1983年(nian)由山(shan)東(dong)省省長李(li)予昂(ang)題刻(ke)“夫子(zi)(zi)(zi)洞(dong)(dong)”石碑,2009年(nian)新建圍墻護(hu)之(zhi)。
尼山孔廟的文物價值
尼(ni)山是(shi)孔子的出生地,在儒家學(xue)派和(he)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)士大夫心目(mu)中(zhong)是(shi)中(zhong)國傳統(tong)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)術的泰(tai)山北斗,深受景仰(yang)。由漢至清(qing)受到歷代(dai)(dai)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)王(wang)朝的重視。因其鐘靈毓(yu)圣之功(gong),宋代(dai)(dai)封(feng)尼(ni)山為(wei)毓(yu)圣侯,并(bing)建(jian)(jian)祠奉祀,規格等同(tong)四瀆。尼(ni)山孔廟(miao)(miao)是(shi)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)社會尊孔讀經、崇德報功(gong)的產物,也是(shi)我國古代(dai)(dai)教(jiao)育體(ti)制中(zhong)廟(miao)(miao)學(xue)合(he)一的典型建(jian)(jian)筑。尼(ni)山建(jian)(jian)筑群雖(sui)經歷代(dai)(dai)興衰,依然保持了頑強(qiang)的生命力(li),這(zhe)和(he)歷代(dai)(dai)統(tong)治者(zhe)尊孔崇儒的指導思想(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)密不可分的。尼(ni)山孔廟(miao)(miao)是(shi)華夏民族一個漫長(chang)的歷史時期思想(xiang)(xiang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的遺(yi)跡和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)淵源的載體(ti),有著(zhu)(zhu)較高的歷史和(he)藝術價(jia)值,更有著(zhu)(zhu)深刻的文(wen)化(hua)(hua)內涵。