歷史沿革
相(xiang)(xiang)傳孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)的父親(qin)叔梁紇和母親(qin)顏征在(zai)(zai)登(deng)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)祈禱(dao)而生(sheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi),后(hou)世以建(jian)(jian)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)奉(feng)祀。此廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)初(chu)名為(wei)(wei)叔梁紇廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。唐《括(kuo)地志》載:“叔梁紇廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)亦名尼(ni)(ni)(ni)丘(qiu)山(shan)(shan)祠(ci),在(zai)(zai)兗州(zhou)泗水(shui)縣五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里尼(ni)(ni)(ni)丘(qiu)山(shan)(shan)東址”。五(wu)(wu)代(dai)后(hou)周顯德(公元(yuan)954—960年(nian)(nian)(nian))間,兗州(zhou)太守趙侯(hou)于尼(ni)(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)再建(jian)(jian)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)奉(feng)祀,宋仁(ren)宗(zong)慶歷(li)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1043年(nian)(nian)(nian)),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)四(si)十(shi)(shi)六代(dai)孫(sun)(sun)、襲(xi)封文宣公孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)宗(zong)愿“作(zuo)新宮廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、有(you)(you)殿、有(you)(you)寢、有(you)(you)講堂、有(you)(you)學舍(原在(zai)(zai)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)西側,現已不存)、有(you)(you)祭(ji)田”,已成為(wei)(wei)主祀孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)的廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)宇。金明昌五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1194年(nian)(nian)(nian)),以維修(xiu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)羨(xian)錢四(si)千余(yu)貫,興工大(da)修(xiu)形制與今廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基本相(xiang)(xiang)同。元(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)順三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1332年(nian)(nian)(nian))孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)四(si)代(dai)孫(sun)(sun)、衍(yan)(yan)圣公孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)思晦上疏奏(zou)(zou)請重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu),元(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1338年(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)(san)(san)月以廉坊僉(qian)事楊訥等(deng)捐資(zi)興工重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。元(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)正十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1348年(nian)(nian)(nian))又增塑孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)及四(si)配像。明洪(hong)武(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1377年(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)。明永樂十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1417年(nian)(nian)(nian)),五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)九代(dai)孫(sun)(sun)、衍(yan)(yan)圣公孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)彥縉等(deng)“鼎(ding)新重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian),正殿三(san)(san)(san)間,高(gao)廣如(ru)制。明弘治七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1494年(nian)(nian)(nian))、萬歷(li)十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1589年(nian)(nian)(nian))、清(qing)康熙十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1674年(nian)(nian)(nian))、雍(yong)正二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1724年(nian)(nian)(nian))、乾隆二(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1755年(nian)(nian)(nian))多次維修(xiu),部分(fen)(fen)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)進行重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)等(deng)。清(qing)道光二(er)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1846年(nian)(nian)(nian)),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)七十(shi)(shi)四(si)代(dai)孫(sun)(sun)、衍(yan)(yan)圣公孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)繁灝(hao)上疏奏(zou)(zou)請重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)尼(ni)(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),經皇帝同意,撥銀三(san)(san)(san)萬一千五(wu)(wu)百(bai)余(yu)兩重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)。新中國成立(li)后(hou),尼(ni)(ni)(ni)山(shan)(shan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、碑刻、古樹、環境受到(dao)充分(fen)(fen)的重(zhong)(zhong)視、修(xiu)繕和保護(hu)。
建筑群組成部分
尼(ni)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孔(kong)(kong)廟(miao)橫分三路(lu),五(wu)進院落,殿堂共計80余(yu)(yu)間(jian)(jian)。前為石(shi)構(gou)欞星門,門前石(shi)橋旁建(jian)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting),立有(you)《重修尼(ni)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孔(kong)(kong)子廟(miao)記》碑(bei)。門前東側臨崖(ya)處(chu)(chu),相傳孔(kong)(kong)子在(zai)(zai)此觀(guan)五(wu)川(chuan)匯流,有(you)后人建(jian)木(mu)構(gou)“觀(guan)川(chuan)亭(ting)(ting)”。《論語》載:“子在(zai)(zai)川(chuan)上曰,逝者如斯夫,不舍晝(zhou)夜(ye)!”即是此地(di)。觀(guan)川(chuan)亭(ting)(ting)東側崖(ya)下有(you)“坤靈洞”,因孔(kong)(kong)子在(zai)(zai)此降生,故稱“夫子洞”。大(da)成殿5間(jian)(jian),單檐歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),頂(ding)覆黃(huang)琉(liu)璃瓦,雖系清代重建(jian),仍保留元(yuan)代木(mu)結構(gou)風格。東西兩廡各(ge)5間(jian)(jian),寢殿5間(jian)(jian),東路(lu)有(you)講堂、照(zhao)壁,土(tu)地(di)祠。西路(lu)有(you)啟圣殿,祀孔(kong)(kong)子父叔梁紇。后為寢殿,祀孔(kong)(kong)母顏氏。毓圣侯祠位于中路(lu)北部,奉祀尼(ni)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神。尼(ni)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)書院在(zai)(zai)廟(miao)東北百余(yu)(yu)米(mi)處(chu)(chu),周圍恒墻(qiang),書院大(da)門南向(xiang),院內有(you)正房5間(jian)(jian),五(wu)稟四柱前后廊式木(mu)架,灰瓦硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),東西廂房各(ge)5間(jian)(jian)。系當(dang)年講學授業(ye)和紀念孔(kong)(kong)子的處(chu)(chu)所(suo)。整座建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群占(zhan)地(di)約(yue)1.6公頃,有(you)殿、堂、祠、亭(ting)(ting)等大(da)小建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)27座,81間(jian)(jian),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積1700平方米(mi)。
保護單位級別
尼山孔廟1977年(nian)被公(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)山東省文物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),2006年(nian)被公(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)全國重(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),2007年(nian)作為(wei)“三孔遺(yi)產地擴展(zhan)項目”列入(ru)國家世(shi)界遺(yi)產預(yu)備名單(dan)。
尼山孔廟的建筑
欞星門
尼(ni)山(shan)孔廟(miao)的第一(yi)道大門(men)為(wei)欞(ling)星門(men)(意與闕里(li)廟(miao)之(zhi)門(men)相同(tong))。清(qing)道光(guang)二十(shi)七年(公元1847年)修(xiu)廟(miao)時添建,三間(jian)四(si)柱(zhu),為(wei)八角柱(zhu),前(qian)后有(you)石鼓夾(jia)抱,柱(zhu)上出云朵(duo),首飾蓮花座。中二柱(zhu)頂刻圓雕石獅(shi),傍(bang)二柱(zhu)頂刻花瓶。明間(jian)陰刻“欞(ling)星門(men)”三字,上刻火焰寶珠。坊兩(liang)側建有(you)八字墻。欞(ling)星門(men)下西側有(you)石碑并亭一(yi)座,采(cai)用(yong)現代水泥結構,石碑記(ji)敘(xu)了郭(guo)禎(zhen)祥捐(juan)款修(xiu)廟(miao)的經過(guo)。
觀川亭
觀(guan)川亭(ting)(ting)位于(yu)大成門前(qian)的(de)第(di)一進院落,在此院落的(de)東(dong)南角。亭(ting)(ting)始建于(yu)金(jin)明(ming)昌五年(nian)(公元1194年(nian)),今存清(qing)代建筑(zhu)。觀(guan)川亭(ting)(ting)東(dong)臨(lin)沂(yi)水,下臨(lin)懸崖(ya),相傳為孔子(zi)(zi)觀(guan)川、感(gan)嘆時(shi)光奔馳(chi)不返的(de)地方。取《論語(yu)·子(zi)(zi)罕》載“子(zi)(zi)在川上(shang)曰:‘逝者如斯夫,不舍晝(zhou)夜’”語(yu)命名為觀(guan)川亭(ting)(ting),毛澤東(dong)主席曾引用此句。今亭(ting)(ting)為方形,木架無斗拱,單檐(yan)灰歇山頂(ding)。
大成門
此(ci)門(men)為三間三門(men),單檐黃瓦硬(ying)山頂,無斗拱。始建(jian)(jian)于宋代,歷經金、元(yuan)、明、清(qing)數代修復,現(xian)存為清(qing)被建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。
大成殿
此殿(dian)為(wei)尼(ni)山(shan)孔廟的主體建(jian)(jian)筑,是祭祀(si)孔子的主要場所。殿(dian)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)宋慶(qing)歷(li)三年(nian)(nian)(公元1403年(nian)(nian)),金、元、明、清多次重(zhong)修,現存為(wei)清道光年(nian)(nian)間重(zhong)修。殿(dian)五(wu)間,單(dan)檐(yan)黃瓦歇山(shan)頂,檐(yan)下有(you)斗拱,前檐(yan)柱為(wei)石質,八角形,每面(mian)均為(wei)淺刻小幅云(yun)龍(long)。殿(dian)內(nei)供奉孔子及(ji)四配,神龕及(ji)塑像為(wei)1989年(nian)(nian)復制,原像等在“文革”初期被毀。殿(dian)前有(you)元代石幢(chuang),記載了當時的修廟、祀(si)廟的歷(li)史情況。
兩廡
東西兩(liang)廡(wu)各五間,前為(wei)廊,無斗拱,單檐灰瓦懸山頂(ding)。原(yuan)為(wei)金(jin)代建筑,1978年(nian)(nian)維(wei)修(xiu)時重建東廡(wu),大修(xiu)西廡(wu),為(wei)供奉孔子七十二賢弟子的地(di)方,原(yuan)神龕及木主牌(pai)位在“文革”初期被(bei)毀,1989年(nian)(nian)重新復制(zhi)。
寢殿
此殿在大(da)成殿之后,是(shi)祭(ji)祀孔(kong)子(zi)夫人亓官(guan)氏的(de)地方(fang)。始建于宋(song)代,殿五間,前出(chu)廊,無(wu)斗拱(gong),單檐黃瓦懸(xuan)山(shan)頂。殿內供奉(feng)孔(kong)子(zi)夫人神(shen)牌位,1989年復(fu)制神(shen)龕(kan)。
東西廂房
寢殿前東西(xi)各有(you)三間廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang),前出廊,無(wu)斗拱(gong),單檐灰瓦(wa)懸(xuan)山(shan)頂(ding)。兩廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)是(shi)祭祀孔(kong)子(zi)之(zhi)子(zi)孔(kong)鯉(li)(li)、之(zhi)孫孔(kong)伋的場所。因(yin)孔(kong)鯉(li)(li)、孔(kong)伋在(zai)宋崇(chong)寧元年(公(gong)元1102年)被追封為(wei)(wei)“泗(si)水侯(hou)”及“沂水侯(hou)”,所以東為(wei)(wei)泗(si)水侯(hou)殿,西(xi)為(wei)(wei)沂水侯(hou)殿。
講堂
講(jiang)堂在廟的(de)東路,是祭祀孔子之前(qian)的(de)齋所,也(ye)是用來講(jiang)授經典的(de)地方。堂為(wei)三間,前(qian)出廊(lang),無斗拱,單檐灰瓦懸(xuan)山頂(ding)。堂始(shi)建(jian)于宋天歷年間,今存為(wei)清代重建(jian)。
土地祠
講堂后為(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)祠(ci),一間,灰瓦懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂,前有(you)照壁,是(shi)用來祭祀(si)尼山(shan)(shan)(shan)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)的(de)地(di)(di)方(因孔子生于尼山(shan)(shan)(shan),得(de)到(dao)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)的(de)保(bao)護,使之(zhi)成為(wei)(wei)圣人)。祠(ci)為(wei)(wei)清道(dao)光年(nian)間重修廟時添(tian)建。
毓圣侯祠
其祠在西路的東南角(jiao),三(san)(san)間,前(qian)出(chu)廊,無斗拱,單檐灰(hui)瓦懸(xuan)山頂(ding)。宋仁(ren)宗皇佑三(san)(san)年(nian)(公元1051年(nian)),封尼山神為毓圣(sheng)侯(因孔子(zi)生于此,得到尼山神的保佑),建祠祭祀,現存建筑(zhu)為清道(dao)光年(nian)間修廟時重建。
啟圣王殿
啟(qi)(qi)圣王(wang)是奉祀(si)孔子之父叔梁(liang)紇(he)的場所,因(yin)叔梁(liang)紇(he)于元(yuan)至順元(yuan)年(公元(yuan)1330年)被加贈為(wei)(wei)“啟(qi)(qi)圣王(wang)”而得名。此殿(dian)(dian)始于唐(原(yuan)年代不祥),原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)叔梁(liang)紇(he)廟(miao),也叫尼丘山祠(ci),五(wu)代擴(kuo)建(jian)時改(gai)為(wei)(wei)專祀(si)叔梁(liang)紇(he)。后經(jing)歷代重修(xiu),現存為(wei)(wei)清初建(jian)筑,殿(dian)(dian)五(wu)間,前出(chu)廊,無斗(dou)拱,單(dan)檐綠瓦歇(xie)山頂。殿(dian)(dian)前面有三門,名為(wei)(wei)啟(qi)(qi)圣門。
啟圣王寢殿
此殿(dian)是奉祀孔子母親顏征(zheng)在的場所,建筑年代,形制同(tong)啟圣王殿(dian)相同(tong),單檐綠瓦(wa)歇山頂。
神皰
神皰位于廟的最后部,是用(yong)來(lai)置備(bei)祭品的場(chang)所,初建(jian)于金代,今存為清道光年(nian)間建(jian)筑。正房三間,西廂房二間,均(jun)為灰瓦硬山頂。
尼山書院
尼(ni)山(shan)孔(kong)(kong)廟之后便是書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是儒家(jia)學(xue)者主講的(de)地方,書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之名始于唐代(dai)(dai),書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)(zhi)度形(xing)成于宋(song)代(dai)(dai)。書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主持人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)為洞主、山(shan)長(chang)、堂長(chang)、院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)、教(jiao)授等(deng)職(zhi)名,各(ge)個朝代(dai)(dai)不同(tong)。尼(ni)山(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)設學(xue)長(chang)管理,為正(zheng)八品,書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)《四(si)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》、《五經(jing)》為基本教(jiao)材,為一地方的(de)教(jiao)育中心,為著(zhu)名學(xue)者研討學(xue)問的(de)勝地。在(zai)尼(ni)山(shan)孔(kong)(kong)廟后設書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),因孔(kong)(kong)子是歷(li)代(dai)(dai)尊崇的(de)文化圣人(ren)(ren),以(yi)示在(zai)此設書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)最有意義。尼(ni)山(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)房(fang)三間(jian),前出(chu)廊,無(wu)斗(dou)拱(gong),灰(hui)瓦懸山(shan)頂(ding);東西各(ge)有廂(xiang)房(fang)三間(jian),東廂(xiang)之南有茶(cha)房(fang)兩間(jian),均為灰(hui)瓦硬山(shan)頂(ding);大門一間(jian),灰(hui)瓦歇山(shan)頂(ding)。門前東側(ce)有元代(dai)(dai)刻制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)尼(ni)山(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)石碑。
尼(ni)山書(shu)院始建于宋慶歷三年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1043年(nian)),原址在(zai)廟的西側。金明昌五年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1194年(nian))移于今(jin)處,后經多次重修(xiu),今(jin)存為明代(dai)建筑(zhu)。明朝孔子六十孫(sun)孔承(cheng)慶(早卒,明景(jing)泰六年(nian),公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1455年(nian)追(zhui)贈衍圣公(gong)(gong))曾有詩曰:“盤石垂蘿何(he)處家,山深茅屋(wu)隔煙霞(xia)。幽人(ren)讀罷無余事,紗(sha)帽籠頭自煮茶”。似此幽雅(ya)清靜(jing)的仙境,真是讀書(shu)講(jiang)學難得(de)的好地方。
夫子洞(坤靈洞)
夫(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)洞(dong)(dong)相傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)出生(sheng)處,位(wei)于(yu)觀川亭(ting)的山崖下。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)父親叔梁紇為(wei)(wei)魯國陬邑大(da)夫(fu)(fu),娶(qu)顏(yan)(yan)征(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)為(wei)(wei)妻,征(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)母(mu)家在(zai)(zai)尼(ni)山東南的顏(yan)(yan)母(mu)莊。至于(yu)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)什么能(neng)在(zai)(zai)洞(dong)(dong)中呢?有兩種說法;一說顏(yan)(yan)征(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)祈禱尼(ni)山神后(hou),回家時(shi)便(bian)臨(lin)產(chan),將孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)于(yu)洞(dong)(dong)中;一說孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)來丑(chou)陋(lou),其(qi)母(mu)將其(qi)遺(yi)棄,天氣炎熱,雕用其(qi)翅膀扇(shan)涼。坤靈洞(dong)(dong)始見于(yu)金正大(da)四年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1227年(nian))成書的孔(kong)(kong)元(yuan)措(cuo)《孔(kong)(kong)氏祖庭廣記》圖中,刻有洞(dong)(dong)名,為(wei)(wei)金代的進士劉(liu)曄所刻。元(yuan)至元(yuan)三(san)十(shi)一年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1294年(nian)),司居(ju)敬刻孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)像,置于(yu)洞(dong)(dong)中,后(hou)為(wei)(wei)戰亂所毀,洞(dong)(dong)因(yin)被(bei)水淤塞已(yi)滿,1978年(nian)清理重修,1983年(nian)由山東省省長李予昂(ang)題刻“夫(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)洞(dong)(dong)”石碑,2009年(nian)新建圍墻(qiang)護(hu)之(zhi)。
尼山孔廟的文物價值
尼山(shan)(shan)是(shi)(shi)孔子的(de)(de)(de)出生地,在儒(ru)家學(xue)派(pai)和(he)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)士大夫心目(mu)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國傳統(tong)文化(hua)(hua)學(xue)術的(de)(de)(de)泰山(shan)(shan)北斗(dou),深(shen)(shen)受景仰。由漢至清受到歷代(dai)(dai)(dai)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)王朝的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視。因(yin)其鐘靈毓圣(sheng)之功,宋代(dai)(dai)(dai)封(feng)尼山(shan)(shan)為毓圣(sheng)侯(hou),并建(jian)(jian)(jian)祠(ci)奉祀,規格等(deng)同四瀆。尼山(shan)(shan)孔廟是(shi)(shi)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)社會尊孔讀經(jing)、崇(chong)德報功的(de)(de)(de)產物,也是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)教育體制中(zhong)廟學(xue)合一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)典型建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。尼山(shan)(shan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群雖經(jing)歷代(dai)(dai)(dai)興衰,依然保(bao)持了頑強的(de)(de)(de)生命力,這(zhe)和(he)歷代(dai)(dai)(dai)統(tong)治者尊孔崇(chong)儒(ru)的(de)(de)(de)指導思(si)想(xiang)是(shi)(shi)密不可分的(de)(de)(de)。尼山(shan)(shan)孔廟是(shi)(shi)華夏民(min)族一(yi)個漫(man)長的(de)(de)(de)歷史時期(qi)思(si)想(xiang)文化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)遺跡和(he)文化(hua)(hua)淵源的(de)(de)(de)載(zai)體,有著較高的(de)(de)(de)歷史和(he)藝術價值,更有著深(shen)(shen)刻的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)(hua)內涵。