濂溪先生
周敦頤,宋朝道(dao)州(zhou)營道(dao)(現今(jin)湖南道(dao)縣)人,著名哲(zhe)學家,謚(shi)號(hao)元公(gong)(謚(shi)號(hao),死(si)后(hou)所給的(de)(de)稱(cheng)號(hao)),號(hao)“濂(lian)溪(xi)”,世(shi)稱(cheng)“濂(lian)溪(xi)先生(sheng)”。理(li)學派開(kai)山鼻祖。周敦頤著有《周子全書(shu)》行世(shi)。周敦頤曾在蓮花峰下開(kai)設濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)院,世(shi)稱(cheng)濂(lian)溪(xi)先生(sheng),濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)院是(shi)(shi)他講學的(de)(de)講壇,他的(de)(de)學說(shuo)對以后(hou)理(li)學的(de)(de)發(fa)展有很大的(de)(de)影(ying)響。周敦頤是(shi)(shi)把世(shi)界本源當做哲(zhe)學問(wen)題進(jin)行系統(tong)討論的(de)(de)肇始(shi)者。
書院介紹
基本信息
九江濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)院(yuan),始稱濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)堂,亦稱濂(lian)溪(xi)祠。宋(song)嘉(jia)祐六年(nian)(1061年(nian)),周敦頤“遷國(guo)子博士,通判虔州(今(jin)贛州市),道出江州,愛(ai)廬山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng),有(you)(you)卜(bu)居之(zhi)(zhi)志,因(yin)筑(zhu)書(shu)堂于(yu)(yu)其麓。堂前(qian)有(you)(you)溪(xi),發源于(yu)(yu)蓮花峰下(xia),潔清紺寒,下(xia)合于(yu)(yu)湓江,先生濯纓而(er)樂之(zhi)(zhi),遂寓名以(yi)濂(lian)溪(xi)。”濂(lian)溪(xi)本是周敦頤故里之(zhi)(zhi)名,周敦頤遠離故鄉(xiang),在外地(di)長(chang)期(qi)為官,一來因(yin)為清廉而(er)貧不能返鄉(xiang),二來喜愛(ai)廬山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)美,結屋(wu)于(yu)(yu)此,取名“濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)堂”,表示僑寓此地(di),鄉(xiang)關在目之(zhi)(zhi)意。該書(shu)院(yuan)歷代(dai)屢有(you)(you)興建,數(shu)易其址,稱謂(wei)亦有(you)(you)變更。
汝城(cheng)(cheng)濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan),汝城(cheng)(cheng)縣濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)始建(jian)于宋寧宗嘉(jia)定十三年(nian)(nian),是汝城(cheng)(cheng)人民為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念周敦頤而(er)(er)建(jian)的,距今已有785年(nian)(nian)歷史,被列為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)保護單位(wei)。濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)為(wei)(wei)仿(fang)宋建(jian)筑,四合(he)院(yuan)磚木回廊(lang)結構,建(jian)筑面積1618平方(fang)米。自(zi)創辦以來,書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)人文(wen)蔚(yu)起,聲名(ming)遠(yuan)播(bo),濂(lian)溪(xi)遺韻(yun)歷久彌光,歷代名(ming)師(shi)在此傳道授(shou)業(ye),一(yi)大批(pi)經天緯地之(zhi)才(cai)脫穎(ying)而(er)(er)出。明代兩廣總督、太(tai)子太(tai)保朱英,江西、福(fu)建(jian)布政使范輅,清代著(zhu)名(ming)詩人郭遠(yuan),當(dang)代中國人民解放軍上將(jiang)朱良才(cai)、李濤,原中國作家協會黨組副書(shu)(shu)記朱子奇等(deng)均在此求(qiu)學立志,邁向輝煌人生。汝城(cheng)(cheng)濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)是為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念北宋理(li)學鼻祖(zu)周敦頤而(er)(er)興(xing)建(jian)的紀(ji)念性建(jian)筑,是省(sheng)級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)保護單位(wei)、市(shi)級(ji)愛(ai)國主義(yi)教育基地,是傳播(bo)宋明理(li)學的文(wen)化(hua)寶地。
稱謂和校址
據清(qing)(qing)同治十一(yi)年(nian)(1873年(nian))《德化縣志·書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)志》記載,九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)有四(si)(si)個稱謂、四(si)(si)處(chu)校址:一(yi)曰(yue)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),即早期的(de)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)堂(tang),周敦頤逝(shi)世后(hou)(hou)改為(wei)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)祠,位(wei)于九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市治之南十五里處(chu)蓮花峰下(今廬(lu)山區十里鄉)。二(er)(er)曰(yue)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)港書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),在(zai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)堂(tang)左大筑學舍二(er)(er)十六楹(ying)(一(yi)列房屋稱一(yi)楹(ying)),可見規(gui)模之盛,后(hou)(hou)毀,明正統、嘉(jia)靖(jing)、清(qing)(qing)康熙、乾(qian)隆(long)時先(xian)后(hou)(hou)重修(xiu)。明清(qing)(qing)時期又在(zai)潯陽(yang)城(cheng)內(nei)建過(guo)兩所濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),一(yi)曰(yue)豐(feng)儲坊濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),為(wei)明嘉(jia)靖(jing)年(nian)間(jian)兵備道陳洪蒙建,院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)祠、無(wu)極(ji)堂(tang)、書(shu)(shu)(shu)室五幢、學舍四(si)(si)幢等(deng)建筑,清(qing)(qing)末已廢棄。二(er)(er)曰(yue)新濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),在(zai)世德坊南,清(qing)(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)五十年(nian)(1785年(nian))知府初之樸(pu)建,嘉(jia)慶、咸豐(feng)、同治間(jian)多次重修(xiu),原是祀(si)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)先(xian)生神位(wei)的(de)地方,后(hou)(hou)來成為(wei)青年(nian)學子(zi)受業習藝準備參加科舉的(de)場所。清(qing)(qing)末,在(zai)此基(ji)礎上興建九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中學堂(tang)。
濂溪書(shu)院綿延八百余(yu)年,造就了(le)一(yi)代又一(yi)代的英(ying)才,堪稱九(jiu)江書(shu)院史奇觀。
著書與弟子
周(zhou)敦(dun)頤(yi)始(shi)(shi)筑書(shu)(shu)堂,當是從(cong)個人退隱會友(you)讀(du)書(shu)(shu)蓍述(shu)著眼。真正成(cheng)為(wei)書(shu)(shu)院,始(shi)(shi)于1071—1072年間(jian),即周(zhou)敦(dun)頤(yi)知南(nan)康軍時,尤其(qi)是在隱居書(shu)(shu)堂講(jiang)學(xue)之后。他(ta)潛心著述(shu),留下了《太極(ji)圖說》、《通書(shu)(shu)》—宋(song)代理(li)(li)學(xue)的(de)開(kai)山篇(pian),從(cong)而成(cheng)為(wei)中國哲(zhe)學(xue)史(shi)上宋(song)代理(li)(li)學(xue)的(de)鼻祖,即客觀唯(wei)心主義的(de)開(kai)創者(zhe),對中國封建社會晚期產生(sheng)極(ji)大影響(xiang)。不僅如此(ci),他(ta)還培養了聲名(ming)(ming)煊(xuan)赫(he)的(de)兩(liang)名(ming)(ming)弟(di)子:程顥(hao)、程頤(yi)兩(liang)兄弟(di)。他(ta)們是早年由周(zhou)敦(dun)頤(yi)在南(nan)安(今南(nan)康縣)因(yin)程父程珦之托而收(shou)留、受(shou)業于濂溪書(shu)(shu)院的(de),程顥(hao)受(shou)周(zhou)敦(dun)頤(yi)影響(xiang)更大些,二程后來都成(cheng)為(wei)宋(song)代著名(ming)(ming)理(li)(li)學(xue)家(jia)。宋(song)元之際(ji)學(xue)者(zhe)吳澄(1249—1333),江(jiang)西崇仁人,官至元代翰林學(xue)士,他(ta)曾在濂溪書(shu)(shu)院一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)休養,一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)講(jiang)學(xue),認真閱(yue)讀(du)院中藏書(shu)(shu),研究理(li)(li)學(xue),折中于朱(熹)、陸(九淵)兩(liang)派,知名(ming)(ming)一(yi)(yi)時。
地位
濂(lian)溪(xi)書院(yuan)在中國書院(yuan)史(shi)、教育史(shi)、哲(zhe)學史(shi)上,有著不容(rong)忽視的重要地位,在理(li)學發展史(shi)上,更處于其他(ta)書院(yuan)無(wu)法(fa)比(bi)擬的核(he)心(xin)、靈魂和淵源(yuan)的顯赫位置。歷史(shi)上到九江濂(lian)溪(xi)書院(yuan)求學、游學、拜謁、尋(xun)訪者,可謂連綿不斷。許多名人諸(zhu)如黃庭(ting)堅、蘇(su)軾、“二程(cheng)”、朱熹(xi)、王守(shou)仁(ren)等等,都曾在此駐(zhu)有足跡(ji)。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)淳熙四年(1177年)朱熹(xi)撰《濂(lian)溪(xi)先生祠(ci)堂記》、《濂(lian)溪(xi)先生畫(hua)像記》。兩年后(hou),他(ta)知南(nan)(nan)康(kang)軍,不僅懷著對先師敬仰之情,遍訪元(yuan)公(gong)當(dang)年在南(nan)(nan)康(kang)、廬山(shan)、江州(zhou)的遺跡(ji),修繕先生舊(jiu)居,建“愛蓮碑”、題“愛蓮匾”,還(huan)親自把白鹿(lu)洞書院(yuan)的生徒帶到山(shan)北(bei)拜謁濂(lian)溪(xi)祠(ci)。“我率諸(zhu)生拜祠(ci)下,要令今(jin)古播(bo)清芬”,可見參拜的情景與目(mu)的。
演變
書院的(de)(de)創辦之(zhi)(zhi)初帶有濃厚的(de)(de)私人(ren)講(jiang)學交友的(de)(de)痕跡。“或吟或冥默,或酒或鳴琴(qin)。數十(shi)黃卷軸,賢圣談無音”(周敦頤《濂溪港》)記載(zai)了(le)濂溪書院初期狀(zhuang)況。到后來,基本上由(you)官(guan)府(fu)(fu)辦學。重建(jian)(jian)、修(xiu)復的(de)(de)資金由(you)府(fu)(fu)、縣(xian)承擔。即如宋王象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)《輿地紀勝》云:“(濂溪先(xian)生)后百余年(nian),象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)君子(zi)守九江,為(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)拙堂及愛蓮堂于(yu)祠(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)側。又(you)其后,象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)季史觀之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)德化(hua)宰(zai),新造祠(ci)(ci)宇、書院、講(jiang)堂,為(wei)(wei)屋(wu)數十(shi)間(jian),仿白鹿(lu)洞院例,招致名儒以為(wei)(wei)堂長,諸(zhu)(zhu)縣(xian)舉秀民以為(wei)(wei)生員(yuan),仍置(zhi)田租以贍(shan)之(zhi)(zhi),至今不廢。”“乾(qian)隆二十(shi)一年(nian)知(zhi)府(fu)(fu)董榕復移建(jian)(jian)(濂溪書院)于(yu)蓮花峰下。后因蓮花峰頭(tou)澗水潮濕,風(feng)雨飄搖,肄業(ye)學子(zi)不能安(an)居,屋(wu)遂傾圮。二十(shi)八年(nian),知(zhi)府(fu)(fu)溫保初對肄業(ye)諸(zhu)(zhu)生每月于(yu)府(fu)(fu)學明倫堂考課,給以膏火(huo),至今因焉(yan)。”(錄同(tong)治《德化(hua)志》)
邵陽濂溪書院
濂溪書(shu)院,是邵(shao)陽人(ren)民為紀念周(zhou)敦頤先生開發邵(shao)陽教育事業(ye)的(de)(de)豐功偉(wei)績(ji)并繼(ji)承其事業(ye)而創建的(de)(de)一所(suo)半官半私性質的(de)(de)學(xue)校,是明、清間寶慶府轄區民間最高學(xue)府。
基本情況
歷(li)史(shi)沿(yan)革(ge):濂(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)希(xi)濂(lian)(lian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合并而成(cheng)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉靖(jing)三十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),分(fen)守(shou)下湖南(nan)道參(can)議楊(yang)逢春創(chuang)建(jian)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),陳慶作(zuo)《東(dong)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)記》云(yun):“嘉靖(jing)歲在(zai)壬子之次,邵(shao)(shao)(shao)陽(yang)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)。十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)奉使(shi)岷藩,道經邵(shao)(shao)(shao)陽(yang),兩庠生(sheng)……來征(zheng)言曰(yue):‘敞邑東(dong)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)舊為(wei)寺,在(zai)資(zi)水之東(dong),我藩參(can)西(xi)渠楊(yang)先生(sheng)聽民理(li)戎(rong)之暇(xia),進諸(zhu)生(sheng)講學于(yu)茲,喟然嘆曰(yue):民居(ju)環列若(ruo)是也,寺可(ke)群乎?遂(sui)遷(qian)僧眾而予(yu)之處。于(yu)是革(ge)故建(jian)新,崇(chong)規(gui)學制,更(geng)題其名(ming)為(wei)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)………”(《寶慶府(fu)志·禮書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)六》)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)末,書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)毀于(yu)戰火。清順(shun)治十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1658年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),寶慶知(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)張惟養,邵(shao)(shao)(shao)陽(yang)知(zhi)(zhi)縣濮(pu)萬鎰(yi)重(zhong)修東(dong)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),康熙元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1662年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),邵(shao)(shao)(shao)陽(yang)知(zhi)(zhi)縣顏堯揆等增建(jian)門(men)屏、墻垣、房(fang)舍等,使(shi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)略有成(cheng)規(gui),恢復了明(ming)(ming)(ming)時(shi)舊觀(guan)。康熙十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),知(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)李益陽(yang)增建(jian)講堂,至此(ci)(ci),“書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)制大備,人咸呼(hu)為(wei)濂(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”,但尚未正式更(geng)名(ming)。與此(ci)(ci)同時(shi),又別(bie)建(jian)希(xi)濂(lian)(lian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)上,講堂、后院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)室具備(同上)。乾隆十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1745年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),知(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)王瑋再次維修,“恢崇(chong)舍宇,以樂育人才”。吳嗣(si)富(fu)作(zuo)《濂(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)碑記》,從(cong)此(ci)(ci),有關文(wen)獻正式稱該(gai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)濂(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。乾隆二十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),寶慶知(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)鄭(zheng)之僑籌資(zi)重(zhong)修,將原東(dong)山(shan)(shan)、希(xi)濂(lian)(lian)兩書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合為(wei)一(yi)所(suo),移祠西(xi)向(xiang),更(geng)其門(men)額為(wei)“濂(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”,自此(ci)(ci),該(gai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正式改稱“濂(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。鄭(zheng)之僑自作(zuo)《新建(jian)濂(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)記》以紀之。嘉慶十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1814年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),知(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)柳邁祖重(zhong)修,自作(zuo)《重(zhong)修濂(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)記》紀其事。咸豐九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))太(tai)平(ping)天國翼(yi)王石達開率三十(shi)(shi)萬大軍(jun)圍寶慶府(fu)城,書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)毀于(yu)戰火。同治二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1863年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),知(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)邵(shao)(shao)(shao)綬名(ming)主(zhu)持(chi)重(zhong)修。民國之后,廢除科(ke)舉制度,一(yi)度將該(gai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)改為(wei)安和(he)鎮中心小學及邵(shao)(shao)(shao)陽(yang)佛教協會(hui)駐(zhu)地,書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)歷(li)史(shi)至此(ci)(ci)終結。
書院規模
濂(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)的(de)前(qian)身為東(dong)山書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)和希(xi)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)。東(dong)山書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)原(yuan)有校門(men)、云衢、景濂(lian)(lian)(lian)堂(tang)、列(lie)(lie)舍(she)(she)、濂(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)祠(ci)、會(hui)心室(shi)等,是一(yi)(yi)處三(san)正(zheng)兩(liang)(liang)橫(heng)外加校門(men)、通(tong)衢的(de)四(si)合(he)院(yuan),清(qing)康熙元年又增建(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)屏(即(ji)照墻(qiang)(qiang))、墻(qiang)(qiang)垣、房(fang)舍(she)(she)等,其(qi)規模(mo)更(geng)加擴(kuo)大(da)(da)了;希(xi)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)原(yuan)有講(jiang)堂(tang)、后(hou)堂(tang)、書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)室(shi)、列(lie)(lie)舍(she)(she)等建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,系兩(liang)(liang)正(zheng)兩(liang)(liang)橫(heng)的(de)四(si)合(he)院(yuan)。乾隆二十四(si)年,知府鄭(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僑將兩(liang)(liang)所(suo)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)合(he)并,更(geng)名“濂(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)”,并將原(yuan)有校舍(she)(she)、祠(ci)宇整(zheng)舊(jiu)換新(xin),又新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)亭(ting)、臺(tai)、館、閣(ge)(ge)若干,使其(qi)規模(mo)進一(yi)(yi)步擴(kuo)大(da)(da)。據鄭(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僑《新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)記》所(suo)載,新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濂(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan),“壘石為臺(tai),崇(chong)九(jiu)尺,廣(guang)三(san)十五丈,修(xiu)得廣(guang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半”,即(ji)其(qi)臺(tai)基(ji)高(gao)九(jiu)尺,約(yue)3米(mi)(mi);通(tong)面闊三(san)十五丈,約(yue)120米(mi)(mi);總進深為面闊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半,約(yue)60米(mi)(mi);總占地面積(ji)約(yue)7200平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。中軸線上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)體建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑依次為三(san)希(xi)堂(tang)(又稱(cheng)致道堂(tang))、敦崇(chong)實學室(shi)、藏(zang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)樓、觀瀾閣(ge)(ge);兩(liang)(liang)側之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廂(xiang)房(fang)左(zuo)為敬德,右曰居業,是為生員(yuan)修(xiu)習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo);其(qi)兩(liang)(liang)側又各有廡(wu)房(fang)十余間,系庖廚、餐飲及(ji)食(shi)物儲存(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo);院(yuan)前(qian)筑門(men)樓,“臺(tai)高(gao)八尺,護以回(hui)欄(lan);閣(ge)(ge)高(gao)四(si)丈五尺,翼以欄(lan)楯,可頫(fu)可眺。閣(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁危石列(lie)(lie)榭,是為朋(peng)來(lai)亭(ting)。”大(da)(da)門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“外有崇(chong)坊,額(e)曰‘賢關’,體閑先圣(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,亦(yi)示義利分途(tu)也”。書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“后(hou)座一(yi)(yi)筵,祀(si)周子、朱子”,又以張無垢、陸子壽(shou)、程頤、程顥配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即(ji)六先生祠(ci)也。祠(ci)后(hou)“環(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以垣,別存(cun)舊(jiu)祠(ci)三(san)楹(ying),一(yi)(yi)以主(zhu)劉公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci),一(yi)(yi)祀(si)曾(ceng)、賀、李、何、王五君”,此(ci)即(ji)東(dong)山寺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劉公祠(ci),五忠祠(ci),與濂(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)相鄰,亦(yi)常(chang)與書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)并稱(cheng)。至(zhi)此(ci),濂(lian)(lian)(lian)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)達(da)到鼎盛(sheng)時期,其(qi)“稱(cheng)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng),亦(yi)幾與四(si)大(da)(da)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)埒”(見(寶慶(qing)府志(zhi)·禮(li)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)六》)。
田產與經費
濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)因系(xi)半(ban)官半(ban)民性質(zhi)的學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao),官方(fang)無固定的經費(fei),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)員(yuan)的生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)費(fei)用(yong),主要靠社會各界(jie)捐助的田(tian)(tian)產來(lai)維持。清康(kang)(kang)熙之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian),該書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(指其(qi)前(qian)(qian)身東山(shan)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan))尚(shang)“無官師董治及(ji)(ji)(ji)置(zhi)田(tian)(tian)膳(shan)(shan)養之(zhi)(zhi)法,康(kang)(kang)熙三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(1693年),邵(shao)陽知(zhi)縣王(wang)省置(zhi)膳(shan)(shan)士(shi)田(tian)(tian)二(er)(er)百(bai)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)畝(mu)有(you)(you)奇,每(mei)歲(sui)獲租(zu)可四(si)(si)百(bai)石(shi),分而(er)為三:一(yi)(yi)(yi)送縣學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)師,一(yi)(yi)(yi)送九館(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)師,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為諸(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)膏火(huo)”。其(qi)后,又相繼將(jiang)五館(guan)、九館(guan)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)館(guan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)義學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)產,統歸濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)管理(li),“于(yu)是,濂(lian)溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)租(zu)入頗(po)富(fu)矣”。乾隆(long)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年,“知(zhi)府王(wang)瑋檄經歷向雯、邵(shao)陽典史康(kang)(kang)裕履畝(mu)清勘計(ji)實”,計(ji)有(you)(you)膳(shan)(shan)士(shi)田(tian)(tian)三百(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)畝(mu)六(liu)四(si)(si),科(ke)租(zu)五百(bai)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)九八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba);賓興田(tian)(tian)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五畝(mu),科(ke)租(zu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi);李公義學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)田(tian)(tian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)畝(mu)一(yi)(yi)(yi),科(ke)租(zu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)石(shi)。共計(ji)田(tian)(tian)三百(bai)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)畝(mu)二(er)(er)四(si)(si),租(zu)六(liu)百(bai)三石(shi)九八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)。這些田(tian)(tian)租(zu),除給九館(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)租(zu)谷百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)外(wai),歲(sui)完正(zheng)賦八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)兩(liang),扣除賓興原額(e)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang),其(qi)余全(quan)部(bu)歸濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)所有(you)(you),又將(jiang)縣學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)貧士(shi)田(tian)(tian)租(zu)四(si)(si)百(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)六(liu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)三八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)除解(jie)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)政賑貧及(ji)(ji)(ji)布政司完餉的七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)兩(liang)六(liu)三(合(he)租(zu)谷約七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi))之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),悉歸書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)。這時,濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)名下的租(zu)入總計(ji)達九百(bai)石(shi)有(you)(you)余。乾隆(long)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)年,知(zhi)府鄭之(zhi)(zhi)僑將(jiang)籌建濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)所節(jie)余的千兩(liang)白銀(yin)存之(zhi)(zhi)邵(shao)陽、武岡二(er)(er)質(zhi)庫,歲(sui)收子銀(yin)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang),及(ji)(ji)(ji)以前(qian)(qian)公存質(zhi)庫歲(sui)收子銀(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)余,全(quan)部(bu)作為師生(sheng)(sheng)修脯膏火(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong),保障了來(lai)此學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)諸(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)的生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)所需(xu)。
書院山長
濂(lian)(lian)溪書(shu)(shu)院之(zhi)(zhi)山長(chang)(chang),見于志(zhi)乘者,其前身東山書(shu)(shu)院首任(ren)山長(chang)(chang)為(wei)楊(yang)孟仁(ren),繼(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)者楊(yang)廷芳,而(er)(er)其生平行狀皆無可考(kao),清(qing)乾(qian)隆十(shi)年(nian)在任(ren)的山長(chang)(chang)為(wei)李芳華,生平行狀亦無考(kao)。道光年(nian)間,寶慶名士(shi)、古文獻學家兼(jian)詩人(ren)(ren)鄧顯(xian)鶴曾任(ren)濂(lian)(lian)溪書(shu)(shu)院山長(chang)(chang)。鄧顯(xian)鶴,字子(zi)(zi)立,又(you)字湘皋(gao),寶慶新化(今屬(shu)婁底市)人(ren)(ren),嘉慶九(jiu)年(nian)(1804年(nian))舉人(ren)(ren)。博覽群書(shu)(shu),足跡遍天(tian)下,凡海內文人(ren)(ren),多與之(zhi)(zhi)交。其生平喜搜集(ji)文獻掌故,嘗(chang)謂“征文考(kao)獻,當自其鄉(xiang)始”,而(er)(er)“湖(hu)南自屈原、賈誼以(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai),通(tong)人(ren)(ren)志(zhi)士(shi),仍(reng)世相望,而(er)(er)文字放佚,湮郁不宣”。因“網羅(luo)散失,為(wei)《資江(jiang)耆(qi)舊(jiu)集(ji)》六十(shi)四卷(juan)(juan)、《沅(yuan)湘耆(qi)舊(jiu)集(ji)》二百(bai)卷(juan)(juan)。遍求周圣楷《楚(chu)寶》一書(shu)(shu),匡(kuang)謬拾遺,為(wei)《楚(chu)寶增輯考(kao)異》四十(shi)五卷(juan)(juan)。又(you)主編《寶慶府志(zhi)》百(bai)五十(shi)七卷(juan)(juan)、《武岡州志(zhi)》三十(shi)四卷(juan)(juan)等鴻篇巨著,系濂(lian)(lian)溪書(shu)(shu)院山長(chang)(chang)中成就最(zui)(zui)著者。晚授寧鄉(xiang)訓導,尋乞病(bing)歸(gui)。與邵陽魏(wei)源最(zui)(zui)友(you)(you)善,嘗(chang)相攜(xie)游學長(chang)(chang)沙、京師等地,其終(zhong)生鴻雁傳書(shu)(shu)不輟。魏(wei)源嘗(chang)為(wei)鄧顯(xian)鶴《南村耦耕(geng)圖》記云(yun):“夫(fu)勞人(ren)(ren)相竟(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)能,野人(ren)(ren)相忘以(yi)(yi)(yi)無事,獨怪予之(zhi)(zhi)浮沉于二者之(zhi)(zhi)間,而(er)(er)無一所(suo)自處也。……鄧子(zi)(zi)歸(gui),其詢諸(zhu)仲氏,更(geng)有得(de)焉,速以(yi)(yi)(yi)告余,當荷鍤而(er)(er)相從于寂寞(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)符也”(李柏(bo)榮(rong)《魏(wei)源師友(you)(you)記》)。由(you)此可知(zhi)二人(ren)(ren)相契之(zhi)(zhi)厚矣。此后任(ren)濂(lian)(lian)溪書(shu)(shu)院山長(chang)(chang)而(er)(er)行跡可考(kao)者僅二人(ren)(ren),一為(wei)楊(yang)修(xiu)職,其為(wei)人(ren)(ren)篤實剛耿,“課徒嚴且勤,諸(zhu)生翕(xi)(xi)然(ran)奮興(xing)”,逝后入(ru)祀濂(lian)(lian)溪書(shu)(shu)院;一為(wei)劉榮(rong)干,咸豐(1851~1861年(nian))、同治(1862~1874年(nian))間主講于此。“諸(zhu)生翕(xi)(xi)然(ran)附之(zhi)(zhi)”(見《邵陽市志(zhi)·教育(yu)志(zhi)》)。
周敦(dun)(dun)頤先(xian)生是(shi)邵(shao)(shao)陽歷史(shi)上一位極為(wei)重要的人(ren)物,清人(ren)吳嗣富《濂溪書院碑記(ji)(ji)》云:“嘗考(kao)志(zhi)書所載,勝(sheng)跡為(wei)多,其間(jian)最著者(zhe)有二:曰(yue)甘棠渡(du),曰(yue)濂溪祠。上下(xia)數千百年(nian)(nian),濟斯渡(du)者(zhe),如(ru)沐(mu)旬宣;拜斯祠者(zhe),如(ru)親光霽。一以政績傳(chuan),一以道脈傳(chuan)也(ye)。”前者(zhe)是(shi)紀念(nian)(nian)西周初年(nian)(nian)召(zhao)公姬奭巡行(xing)南國,開發(fa)邵(shao)(shao)陽的歷史(shi)功績;后者(zhe)即(ji)為(wei)紀念(nian)(nian)周敦(dun)(dun)頤先(xian)生發(fa)展邵(shao)(shao)陽教育(yu)事業的豐功偉(wei)績。近千年(nian)(nian)以來,邵(shao)(shao)陽人(ren)們(men)紀念(nian)(nian)周敦(dun)(dun)頤先(xian)生的文物遺跡極為(wei)豐富,因篇幅及本(ben)人(ren)見識所限,遺記(ji)(ji)尚多,謬誤之處(chu),亦在(zai)所難免。敬請熟悉邵(shao)(shao)陽掌故的前輩與同仁批評及補證(zheng)。
贛州濂溪書院
贛州濂溪書院
濂溪書院
創建(jian)于宋朝嘉祐年(nian)間(1056~1063),院(yuan)(yuan)址設(she)在(zai)水東(dong)玉(yu)虛觀(guan)邊(bian)(今水東(dong)小學(xue)內(nei)),是周敦頤(字濂(lian)(lian)溪)任虔州(zhou)通判(pan)時與程顥、程頤等弟子講學(xue)之處。元朝末年(nian)書院(yuan)(yuan)毀于戰(zhan)爭。明洪武四年(nian)(1371)知縣崔天錫重(zhong)建(jian),弘治十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(1500)知府(fu)何光將(jiang)書院(yuan)(yuan)改建(jian)于郁孤臺下(xia),崇(chong)禎十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(1640)知縣陳履忠(zhong)將(jiang)書院(yuan)(yuan)遷建(jian)于光孝寺右邊(bian)(今贛一中內(nei)),改名為廉(lian)泉(quan)書院(yuan)(yuan)。清順治十(shi)年(nian)(1653),巡(xun)撫(fu)南贛都御史劉武元將(jiang)廉(lian)泉(quan)書院(yuan)(yuan)復名為濂(lian)(lian)溪書院(yuan)(yuan),并在(zai)大(da)堂(tang)設(she)周濂(lian)(lian)溪和二程像。招收府(fu)屬十(shi)二縣生徒肄業其(qi)中。其(qi)后多有擴建(jian),有東(dong)西(xi)講堂(tang)、濂(lian)(lian)溪祠、夜話亭、齋舍等建(jian)筑。
乾隆十七年(nian)(nian)(1752),濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)吉(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)贛(gan)(gan)(gan)寧(ning)(ning)三府(fu)(fu)一州(zhou)官辦書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),清末為(wei)(wei)吉(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)贛(gan)(gan)(gan)汀(ting)道道立(li)(li)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)。光緒(xu)二(er)十四年(nian)(nian)(1898),在濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)辦致用中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang),這是贛(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)辦新學(xue)(xue)(xue)的先(xian)聲(sheng)。光緒(xu)二(er)十八(1902),贛(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)巡道劉心源和地(di)方紳士(shi)劉心源和地(di)方紳士(shi)劉景(jing)熙將(jiang)整個濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)改辦為(wei)(wei)虔南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)師范(fan)(fan)。此后(hou)(hou),先(xian)后(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)吉(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)贛(gan)(gan)(gan)寧(ning)(ning)師范(fan)(fan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)、贛(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)寧(ning)(ning)師范(fan)(fan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)、省(sheng)立(li)(li)第二(er)師范(fan)(fan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校、省(sheng)立(li)(li)贛(gan)(gan)(gan)縣區(qu)中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、省(sheng)立(li)(li)第三中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)。1933年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)起,復名(ming)省(sheng)立(li)(li)贛(gan)(gan)(gan)縣區(qu)中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)當時贛(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)最高學(xue)(xue)(xue)府(fu)(fu)。解放后(hou)(hou),改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)江(jiang)西省(sheng)立(li)(li)贛(gan)(gan)(gan)州(zhou)中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)。1953年(nian)(nian),改名(ming)江(jiang)西省(sheng)贛(gan)(gan)(gan)州(zhou)市第一中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)至今。濂(lian)溪(xi)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建以來(lai),三易其(qi)地(di),已有900多年(nian)(nian)的歷史,其(qi)中(zhong)夜話(hua)亭現保存在贛(gan)(gan)(gan)州(zhou)市第一中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)。故水東可(ke)稱為(wei)(wei)贛(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)教育(yu)的發祥地(di)。
我生(sheng)近(jin)圣人居(ju),教澤(ze)如新,敢忘(wang)魯(lu)壁(bi)金絲,尼山木鐸;
此(ci)來繼賢(xian)者后,風(feng)流未泯,竊(qie)愿士崇禮(li)儀,俗尚弦歌(ge)。
佚名題濂溪書院
夜話亭
夜(ye)(ye)(ye)話亭,位(wei)于(yu)(yu)江西贛(gan)州古城區(qu)東南,現厚德路(lu)的(de)贛(gan)州市第一中(zhong)學(xue)內。旁有一泉(quan),相傳南北朝劉宋(song)元(yuan)嘉年(nian)(nian)間(424-435年(nian)(nian)),一夕雷(lei)震,泉(quan)忽(hu)涌出(chu),遂以(yi)太守(shou)廉(lian)(lian)取名(ming)“廉(lian)(lian)泉(quan)”。宋(song)知軍越履(lv)祥建廉(lian)(lian)泉(quan)亭。北宋(song)紹(shao)圣元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1094年(nian)(nian))蘇(su)軾貶(bian)官嶺南,過(guo)虔州(今(jin)贛(gan)州),慕名(ming)造訪(fang)當地名(ming)賢陽孝本(ben),兩人(ren)相處甚歡,游祥符宮,觀廉(lian)(lian)泉(quan)并(bing)在(zai)此談(tan)心至深夜(ye)(ye)(ye)和作詩。因此后人(ren)改(gai)廉(lian)(lian)泉(quan)亭為(wei)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)話亭。清康熙六十年(nian)(nian)(1721年(nian)(nian))撤亭建坊(fang),額(e)為(wei)“贛(gan)第一泉(quan)”。乾隆四(si)十三年(nian)(nian)(1778年(nian)(nian))易(yi)坊(fang)為(wei)亭。額(e)為(wei)“光風霽月”,并(bing)仍(reng)懸“贛(gan)第一泉(quan)”匾于(yu)(yu)此。夜(ye)(ye)(ye)話亭為(wei)新(xin)建,尚存乾隆濂溪書(shu)院山長(chang)吳湘皋(gao)刻的(de)《蘇(su)陽二公夜(ye)(ye)(ye)話圖》碑。列為(wei)省級文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。
汝城濂溪書院
2001年以來(lai),汝城(cheng)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政(zheng)府按照文(wen)物“修(xiu)(xiu)舊(jiu)如舊(jiu)”的(de)原則(ze)對(dui)濂溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)進行(xing)了(le)修(xiu)(xiu)復,完成了(le)廣(guang)場(chang)建設(she)(she)、前坪(ping)鋪設(she)(she)、室(shi)內陳列以及美化(hua)亮化(hua)工程,全(quan)面提(ti)升了(le)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)的(de)文(wen)化(hua)品(pin)位,受到了(le)上級領導和(he)湖南省(sheng)周(zhou)敦(dun)頤研(yan)究(jiu)專家的(de)好評。重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)后的(de)濂溪(xi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)成為(wei)了(le)汝城(cheng)文(wen)化(hua)事業發展(zhan)的(de)亮點(dian)和(he)游覽觀光的(de)熱點(dian),是(shi)愛國主義教育(yu)和(he)保持共產黨員先進性教育(yu)基地,黨政(zheng)要員、莘莘學子(zi)、文(wen)人墨客拜謁(ye)者絡繹不(bu)絕。