景點介紹
龍家大院(yuan)(yuan)位于(yu)新田縣枧頭鎮境內,全村(cun)(cun)(cun)均為龍姓。大院(yuan)(yuan)由(you)進村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)古門亭(ting)、村(cun)(cun)(cun)口(kou)的(de)月牙塘、門樓和古民居組成(cheng),人(ren)文(wen)氛圍厚(hou)重,據統計(ji),全村(cun)(cun)(cun)留有龍家先(xian)輩們耕讀勞作間凝煉而出的(de)對(dui)聯128幅,每(mei)幅對(dui)聯對(dui)仗工整,意蘊深厚(hou)。它(ta)是(shi)湖南省現存保存最完整的(de)千年古村(cun)(cun)(cun)落(luo),被(bei)省文(wen)物局(ju)專家譽為傳統鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)活化(hua)石,是(shi)一(yi)處不可多得(de)的(de)高品味的(de)旅游觀光景點。
龍(long)(long)家(jia)(jia)大(da)院三面環(huan)山(shan),前有池塘(tang),現存古民(min)居60余棟,大(da)部(bu)分為(wei)明末清初(chu)建成。房屋古樸大(da)方,寬(kuan)敞適用(yong),不(bu)事豪華,很少裝飾,街(jie)巷整(zheng)齊(qi)規整(zheng),巷道內不(bu)見污水垃圾(ji)。最有特(te)色的(de)是建筑門壁上的(de)對聯,字體娟秀飄(piao)逸,含義(yi)追求(qiu)恬淡自然(ran),返(fan)樸歸(gui)真。其中一(yi)聯頗能(neng)反(fan)映主(zhu)人高雅志(zhi)趣(qu)。該(gai)聯曰“居同靖節先生宅(zhai),家(jia)(jia)衍零(ling)陵太守風”。靖節先生即陶淵(yuan)明,陶的(de)居所“方宅(zhai)十余畝,草(cao)屋八九間”,可(ke)“采菊東籬下,悠然(ran)見南山(shan)”。零(ling)陵太守龍(long)(long)伯高“敦厚周慎”等“八德”一(yi)直在(zai)龍(long)(long)氏(shi)家(jia)(jia)族中傳(chuan)承(cheng),這些房屋的(de)主(zhu)人——龍(long)(long)吟(龍(long)(long)啟葆)就是比較典型的(de)一(yi)個。
龍家歷史名人——龍吟
龍(long)吟(yin)(yin),又名(ming)龍(long)啟葆。他是(shi)新田(tian)縣的第一慈善(shan)家,一生(sheng)不(bu)做官(guan),不(bu)參加任何(he)黨派。龍(long)吟(yin)(yin)先后在武漢美(mei)專(zhuan)和上海(hai)美(mei)專(zhuan)就讀(du),擅(shan)畫梅竹(zhu),為(wei)著(zhu)名(ming)國畫大(da)師劉海(hai)粟的學(xue)生(sheng)。自1929年以(yi)來,一直(zhi)擔(dan)任澤區救(jiu)(jiu)濟院院長,并捐出500石租谷的良(liang)田(tian)作為(wei)救(jiu)(jiu)濟院的開(kai)(kai)支費用(yong)。還(huan)捐款(kuan)和倡導修建了至今保存(cun)完好的龍(long)山學(xue)校;是(shi)全縣有(you)名(ming)的開(kai)(kai)明(ming)紳士。解放后,開(kai)(kai)始(shi)還(huan)作為(wei)“開(kai)(kai)明(ming)紳士”被縣政(zheng)府(fu)委任為(wei)土改委員(yuan)會委員(yuan)及政(zheng)協委員(yuan),后因家里擁(yong)有(you)良(liang)田(tian)近8000畝,在土改時被劃(hua)為(wei)大(da)地主,被遣送回家,據說(shuo)不(bu)堪(kan)壓力,自盡(jin)而(er)亡(wang)。
龍(long)(long)吟的(de)(de)(de)(de)住房,為清朝末(mo)年(nian)和民(min)國(guo)初(chu)年(nian)建筑,左(zuo)邊(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)堂(tang)屋(wu),右邊(bian)為龍(long)(long)吟的(de)(de)(de)(de)住房,樓(lou)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)室(shi)了(le)。這(zhe)座建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)鑄鐵(tie)和玻(bo)璃做窗,在(zai)當(dang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)可(ke)以算是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)現代(dai)了(le),鑄鐵(tie)窗現在(zai)都不生(sheng)銹,可(ke)見當(dang)時(shi)工藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)精美(mei)。樓(lou)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)吟的(de)(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)室(shi),可(ke)以直通后面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)園(yuan),龍(long)(long)吟擅(shan)畫(hua)梅竹可(ke)說與(yu)此有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)關系。(從樓(lou)上(shang)下(xia)來(lai))走過(guo)這(zhe)可(ke)以遮陽檔雨的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)廊,龍(long)(long)家(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)個堂(tang)屋(wu),它名叫(jiao)(jiao)敦(dun)厚堂(tang),龍(long)(long)家(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)院(yuan)叫(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)堂(tang)屋(wu)。龍(long)(long)家(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)堂(tang)屋(wu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)磚輔(fu)地(di),后墻(qiang)有(you)(you)(you)供奉祖先(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方,叫(jiao)(jiao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)先(xian)(xian),上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)祖先(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牌(pai)位,第逢重要(yao)(yao)日子或(huo)辦重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事情,如結(jie)婚建房生(sheng)小孩等(deng)等(deng),他(ta)們都要(yao)(yao)在(zai)這(zhe)里(li)(li)給先(xian)(xian)祖獻(xian)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)柱香(xiang),并向祖先(xian)(xian)禱(dao)告(gao),祈(qi)求祖先(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保佑。大(da)(da)(da)堂(tang)屋(wu)里(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)天井(jing),一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)20平(ping)米左(zuo)右,兩旁為廂房,天井(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通風(feng)采光(guang),聚四方雨水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)為財,這(zhe)里(li)(li)跟月塘的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)樣,也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)財不外流的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思。天井(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)比較隱密(mi),古時(shi)候,人們在(zai)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)里(li)(li)養(yang)只烏龜(gui),烏龜(gui)在(zai)里(li)(li)面(mian)爬動可(ke)以起疏(shu)通下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。這(zhe)里(li)(li)現存龍(long)(long)家(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)院(yuan)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清石(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)缸。水(shui)(shui)(shui)缸高1米2,長(chang)1米8,寬80公(gong)分,里(li)(li)面(mian)可(ke)儲水(shui)(shui)(shui),養(yang)魚,養(yang)荷(he)花(hua),同時(shi)也(ye)(ye)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)消防的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),所以也(ye)(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)太平(ping)缸。對(dui)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)影壁,上(shang)面(mian)繪(hui)著一(yi)(yi)條三爪金龍(long)(long),有(you)(you)(you)驅邪禁宅的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。繪(hui)三爪龍(long)(long)而(er)不繪(hui)五(wu)爪龍(long)(long),一(yi)(yi)個意思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖先(xian)(xian)為龍(long)(long)姓(xing),不忘祖先(xian)(xian);二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)爪龍(long)(long)只有(you)(you)(you)皇帝才(cai)能用(yong)(yong),怕惹殺(sha)身之禍。不過(guo)敢(gan)繪(hui)龍(long)(long)上(shang)壁膽子也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夠(gou)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)。