都(dou)嶠山(shan)中,又名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)南山(shan),是廣(guang)西(xi)省級風景(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區,桂東南名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)之一(yi),以典(dian)型的丹霞地貌(mao)著(zhu)稱(cheng),距容縣縣城7公里,是全(quan)國(guo)道書所稱(cheng)三十六洞天(tian)的第二(er)十洞天(tian)。山(shan)中有勝(sheng)景(jing)“二(er)洞、八峰、二(er)十巖”。歷代(dai)以寺觀(guan)眾多,風光奇麗而聞名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)于世(shi)。古(gu)時(shi)山(shan)上有九(jiu)寺十三觀(guan),有著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的講學所太極巖等(deng),宋(song)代(dai)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詩人蘇東坡、名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)相李綱、明(ming)朝旅行家(jia)徐霞客等(deng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人曾慕名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)游覽題詠,是集宗教(jiao)、文化、風光于一(yi)體的名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)。
都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是我國道(dao)教第20洞天(tian),文(wen)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,文(wen)化(hua)(hua)底蘊深厚。遠(yuan)在(zai)漢代(dai)即有(you)劉根(gen)、華子(zi)期(qi)等人入(ru)(ru)(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)修道(dao),相(xiang)傳(chuan)晉朝(chao)葛洪(hong)也曾(ceng)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中煉丹。寶(bao)元觀(guan)即道(dao)教活動場所之(zhi)一。隨著佛教傳(chuan)入(ru)(ru)(ru)中國,都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)又成(cheng)為(wei)佛教勝地(di)。唐(tang)代(dai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中建有(you)相(xiang)當規模的(de)(de)九寺(si)十三觀(guan)。靈景寺(si)古(gu)時即為(wei)海內名(ming)(ming)寺(si)。其后(hou)宋(song)朝(chao)又在(zai)寶(bao)元巖中筑殿(dian)塑造和(he)奉(feng)祀孔(kong)子(zi)及其弟(di)子(zi),于是都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)便成(cheng)為(wei)佛、道(dao)、儒三家并興之(zhi)地(di)。此外,歷(li)代(dai)名(ming)(ming)人贊(zan)譽都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)詩文(wen)甚多(duo),如宋(song)代(dai)大詩人蘇(su)東坡路過容州時曾(ceng)題詩贈(zeng)送在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中修道(dao)的(de)(de)邵彥甫,宋(song)代(dai)名(ming)(ming)將李綱、明(ming)代(dai)著名(ming)(ming)旅(lv)(lv)行家徐霞客(ke)游山(shan)(shan)(shan)時曾(ceng)在(zai)靈景寺(si)往宿,并留(liu)下了詩篇和(he)游記。都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)同時又是民間(jian)文(wen)學的(de)(de)寶(bao)庫(ku),這里(li)的(de)(de)奇(qi)峰異石大多(duo)富麗著古(gu)老(lao)動人的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說。如“鐘鼓石”、“仙人腳(jiao)印”、“虎頭關”、“燈(deng)檠光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)讀書臺”等,大都(dou)引人入(ru)(ru)(ru)勝。上述(shu)從文(wen)旅(lv)(lv)游資源(yuan)與風光(guang)(guang)交相(xiang)輝映,極大地(di)豐(feng)富了名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)內涵(han)。 [1]
都(dou)嶠山(shan)山(shan)體(ti)由(you)第(di)三系“紅(hong)層(ceng)(ceng)”構成(cheng)。第(di)三系“紅(hong)層(ceng)(ceng)”,屬于內陸湖盆沉(chen)積,主要(yao)為砂巖(yan)(yan)、礫(li)巖(yan)(yan),由(you)于當時古氣(qi)候(hou)炎熱干燥,沉(chen)積物(wu)中的低價(jia)鐵氧化成(cheng)高(gao)價(jia)鐵,因而巖(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)被染成(cheng)紫紅(hong)或(huo)褐(he)紅(hong)色(se)(se),故稱為“紅(hong)層(ceng)(ceng)”。山(shan)體(ti)色(se)(se)調遠觀宛若(ruo)紅(hong)霞(廣東仁(ren)化丹(dan)霞山(shan)即由(you)此得名),這(zhe)類地(di)貌在我國(guo)統稱為丹(dan)霞地(di)貌,其山(shan)、石(shi)徒(tu)刑的特點是整(zheng)體(ti)感(gan)強,在質感(gan)和線條上剛柔兼備,與花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)、石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)構成(cheng)的山(shan)地(di)才丘(qiu)陵相比,風光(guang)別(bie)具一格,具有(you)很高(gao)的美(mei)學觀賞價(jia)值。
都嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)屹立(li)在海(hai)拔(ba)100米(mi)上(shang)下的容廂平(ping)原之上(shang),其主要山(shan)(shan)峰海(hai)拔(ba)多在500米(mi)以上(shang),其中香(xiang)爐(lu)峰標高743.7米(mi),為都嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)最高峰。相對(dui)高差達(da)400至600余米(mi)。整個山(shan)(shan)區(qu)層巒疊嶂,巍峨(e)挺拔(ba)。特別是山(shan)(shan)體北(bei)麓,丹霞赤壁似(si)斧劈刀削,東西羅列(lie),氣勢恢宏。自容城南望(wang),群(qun)峰延綿(mian)達(da)8公里,宛如平(ping)地堅(jian)立(li)的錦屏(ping),南天排開的筆架,朝暉(hui)夕陰,氣象萬(wan)千。
都嶠(jiao)山(shan)紅層(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)富含鈣(gai)質,在(zai)風化剝蝕(shi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)常沿層(ceng)面形成(cheng)(cheng)許多洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)。這些(xie)(xie)洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)在(zai)水平方(fang)向上成(cheng)(cheng)排(pai),在(zai)垂(chui)直方(fang)向上成(cheng)(cheng)層(ceng)發育(yu)。在(zai)慶壽巖(yan)之上,一(yi)(yi)系列洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)大(da)致在(zai)同一(yi)(yi)高(gao)度斷續(xu)延(yan)伸,洞(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)原的(de)(de)古老房舍的(de)(de)斷壁(bi)殘垣排(pai)列有序,形成(cheng)(cheng)了“七十(shi)二房井”的(de)(de)奇觀。而(er)在(zai)云蓋(gai)峰,自下而(er)上分布(bu)著太極巖(yan)、圣人巖(yan)、寶蓋(gai)巖(yan)等洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue),巖(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)砌房建閣,至今不(bu)少仍保存完(wan)好。正如寶蓋(gai)巖(yan)一(yi)(yi)付巖(yan)聯(lian)所題:“閣閣閣中(zhong)(zhong)閣巖(yan)巖(yan)巖(yan)上巖(yan)”。據(ju)不(bu)完(wan)全統計,山(shan)內大(da)小洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)有300余個,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有名稱的(de)(de)達100多個。這些(xie)(xie)洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)一(yi)(yi)般寬度大(da)于深度和(he)高(gao)度,最大(da)洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)不(bu)靈(ling)景(jing)巖(yan),寬46米(mi),高(gao)、深各約(yue)16米(mi),可容數百(bai)人,都嶠(jiao)山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)之多,在(zai)國內丹霞地貌風景(jing)區中(zhong)(zhong)是罕見的(de)(de)。
都嶠山(shan)山(shan)、石(shi)徒刑奇特,惟妙(miao)惟肖。紅層經風化剝蝕后,造型地貌(mao)發育。如八(ba)大峰,似香爐(lu)、仙人、灶石(shi)、馬鞍(an)、竹兜,山(shan)峰由此得名。至于(yu)小的山(shan)、石(shi)肖形(xing)像物的更多,如蠟(la)燭通天、丹(dan)鳳朝(chao)陽、寶劍(jian)出鞘,文(wen)筆卓立以(yi)及海豚出水(shui),鯉魚跳龍門等(deng)巨(ju)石(shi),莫不惟妙(miao)惟肖,使(shi)人們游(you)興大增。還有(you)仙人橋、仙人床等(deng)景點,也是(shi)很富吸(xi)引(yin)力的景點。
都嶠山(shan)旅游資源(yuan)的開(kai)發還只(zhi)限于其西區(qu),面積約4平方(fang)公(gong)里,僅占(zhan)整個風景(jing)區(qu)的四分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一,是近年新開(kai)發的一個融自然景(jing)觀與宗(zong)教文(wen)化為一體的旅游觀光區(qu)。目前(qian)已建有暗河佛源(yuan)漂流、登山(shan)觀光纜車、五百羅漢堂、慶壽巖禪寺、猴山(shan)和(he)觀猴長廊(lang)、金佛大字世界之(zhi)(zhi)最、南(nan)山(shan)閣、福壽橋(qiao)、蓮池、九曲橋(qiao)、植物園(yuan)等景(jing)觀。東區(qu)和(he)中(zhong)區(qu),包括(kuo)香爐峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、丹灶峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、仙人(ren)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、兜(dou)子峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、中(zhong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)等地,山(shan)勢更(geng)為雄奇,這一帶的風光除具(ju)有西區(qu)的某些特點外,更(geng)以險(xian)、幽取勝。可以預期,在中(zhong)遠期開(kai)發之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),都嶠山(shan)景(jing)色將更(geng)具(ju)魅力(li)。
民間有(you)歌(ge)謠(yao)云:“南山(shan)(shan)(shan)金(jin)戽斗(dou),九曲(qu)十(shi)八扭,誰(shui)人(ren)葬得著(zhu),芝麻綠豆(dou)官(guan)三斗(dou)”;宋.賴布(bu)衣游都嶠山(shan)(shan)(shan)后便作賦一首以贊其美,賦云:“龍(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)靈特超(chao),星(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)光不(bu)朽(xiu);天(tian)(tian)光下降方隅,地德上(shang)承培嶁;縱(zong)橫照耀,二(er)十(shi)八宿列(lie)(lie)(lie)九天(tian)(tian);起伏恢弘,七十(shi)二(er)山(shan)(shan)(shan)分奔走;脈絡循(xun)環數百里,透(tou)岑容(rong)(rong)獨(du)論尊卑;奇(qi)巒峻拔萬千(qian)(qian)峰,列(lie)(lie)(lie)土(tu)木金(jin)分左(zuo)右;觀(guan)龍(long)樓寶殿,惟(wei)仰南山(shan)(shan)(shan);察星(xing)體鐘靈,居然(ran)金(jin)斗(dou);心極溯洄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,每切(qie)秋三;欲登泰岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao),難(nan)逢重九.原夫神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由(you)起也!容(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)天(tian)(tian)堂,森秀(xiu)渾穆;土(tu)柱石(shi)鵝(e),崇雄(xiong)高(gao)矗(chu);香爐頂掛天(tian)(tian)池,丹灶云居幽谷;娑(suo)婆巖為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)宮,燈檠石(shi)為(wei)(wei)照燭;大象宿于(yu)中(zhong)傍,仙鵝(e)飛乎(hu)上(shang)屬.蜂腰渡峽(xia),日(ri)月匡扶;鼓角威儀,槍旗并(bing)束(shu);羅列(lie)(lie)(lie)三枝,中(zhong)標雙玉(yu);觀(guan)峰巒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疊(die)疊(die),千(qian)(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)悉是(shi)奔隨;驗江漢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茫茫,萬水(shui)咸歸入局(ju);橫敷直遞,觀(guan)其勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚雄(xiong);左(zuo)旋(xuan)右抽,察其形者真委(wei)曲(qu).詳觀(guan)美穴蓮花(hua),精微(wei)深(shen)入;蟬翼雙披,蝦須兩集;御屏屹豎其間,荷筆卓然(ran)秀(xiu)立;遠觀(guan)則高(gao)起無(wu)情,近視則山(shan)(shan)(shan)家(jia)拱揖;攀(pan)金(jin)腰玉(yu)帶,一畫連環;占翰苑(yuan)(yuan)雕梁,敦厚(hou)難(nan)岌;幸形神畢聚,品格出乎(hu)萬千(qian)(qian);貌像呈祥,聲(sheng)價高(gao)居倍十(shi);信是(shi)明堂廣(guang)闊,陽剛星(xing)列(lie)(lie)(lie)盤桓(huan);局(ju)度寬(kuan)雄(xiong),帝座(zuo)公車峻拔;只有(you)諸砂(sha),并(bing)無(wu)一煞(sha);兩邊(bian)盡(jin)是(shi)包羅,四面咸來觀(guan)察;羅衛收自近關,豬(zhu)牙鎮塞總轄;天(tian)(tian)馬鎮自乾離,北斗(dou)重騮合札;擬左(zuo)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飄渺,仙人(ren)詎(ju)敢盡(jin)當;驗右繞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縈回,苑(yuan)(yuan)客難(nan)稱巧黠(xia);布(bu)金(jin)箱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蘊(yun),不(bu)但寶三;陳玉(yu)石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能,有(you)同簋八;若是(shi)乎(hu)!地既靈于(yu)其前,人(ren)心杰(jie)乎(hu)厥后;斯(si)興(xing)發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)強,享榮華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悠(you)久;富必(bi)石(shi)崇,貴仍韓柳;誥軸文星(xing)面對(dui),他年金(jin)榜題名;云天(tian)(tian)錦(jin)帳頻敷,異日(ri)斗(dou)稱福厚(hou);嗟乎(hu)!地產精英,鬼神守護;縱(zong)有(you)慧眼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明,難(nan)默遭(zao)逢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偶;是(shi)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)家(jia)擇主,斷然(ran)福自天(tian)(tian)來!倘教地府佑人(ren),決(jue)非事成矯揉!