都嶠山中(zhong),又名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)南山,是廣(guang)西省級風景名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區,桂東南名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)山之一(yi),以典(dian)型的丹霞(xia)地貌著稱,距(ju)容縣(xian)縣(xian)城7公里,是全國道書所稱三十(shi)六洞天(tian)的第二十(shi)洞天(tian)。山中(zhong)有勝(sheng)景“二洞、八(ba)峰、二十(shi)巖(yan)”。歷代(dai)以寺(si)觀眾多,風光奇麗(li)而(er)聞名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)于世。古時山上(shang)有九寺(si)十(shi)三觀,有著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的講(jiang)學所太(tai)極巖(yan)等,宋代(dai)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詩人蘇東坡、名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)相李(li)綱(gang)、明朝旅行家徐(xu)霞(xia)客等名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人曾(ceng)慕名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)游覽題詠,是集宗教、文化、風光于一(yi)體的名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)山。
都(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)是(shi)我國道教第(di)20洞(dong)天,文(wen)資源豐(feng)富,文(wen)化(hua)底蘊深厚。遠在(zai)(zai)漢(han)代(dai)即(ji)(ji)有劉根、華子期等人(ren)(ren)入(ru)山(shan)修(xiu)道,相傳晉(jin)朝葛洪也曾(ceng)在(zai)(zai)山(shan)中(zhong)煉丹(dan)。寶(bao)元觀即(ji)(ji)道教活(huo)動場所(suo)之(zhi)一。隨著(zhu)(zhu)佛教傳入(ru)中(zhong)國,都(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)又成為(wei)佛教勝(sheng)地。唐代(dai)山(shan)中(zhong)建有相當規模的九(jiu)寺(si)十三(san)觀。靈景寺(si)古(gu)時(shi)即(ji)(ji)為(wei)海內名寺(si)。其(qi)后宋朝又在(zai)(zai)寶(bao)元巖中(zhong)筑殿塑造(zao)和奉(feng)祀(si)孔子及其(qi)弟子,于是(shi)都(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)便成為(wei)佛、道、儒三(san)家并興之(zhi)地。此外,歷代(dai)名人(ren)(ren)贊譽(yu)都(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)的詩文(wen)甚多(duo),如(ru)宋代(dai)大詩人(ren)(ren)蘇東坡路過(guo)容州時(shi)曾(ceng)題詩贈(zeng)送在(zai)(zai)山(shan)中(zhong)修(xiu)道的邵彥甫,宋代(dai)名將(jiang)李綱、明代(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)名旅行家徐霞客游(you)(you)山(shan)時(shi)曾(ceng)在(zai)(zai)靈景寺(si)往宿,并留下了詩篇和游(you)(you)記。都(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)同時(shi)又是(shi)民間(jian)文(wen)學的寶(bao)庫(ku),這里的奇峰異石(shi)大多(duo)富麗著(zhu)(zhu)古(gu)老(lao)動人(ren)(ren)的傳說(shuo)。如(ru)“鐘鼓石(shi)”、“仙人(ren)(ren)腳印”、“虎頭關”、“燈檠(qing)光(guang)照讀(du)書臺(tai)”等,大都(dou)引人(ren)(ren)入(ru)勝(sheng)。上述從(cong)文(wen)旅游(you)(you)資源與風(feng)光(guang)交相輝(hui)映(ying),極大地豐(feng)富了名山(shan)的文(wen)化(hua)內涵(han)。 [1]
都(dou)嶠山山體(ti)由(you)(you)第三系(xi)“紅層(ceng)(ceng)”構成(cheng)(cheng)。第三系(xi)“紅層(ceng)(ceng)”,屬于內陸湖盆沉積,主要(yao)為(wei)砂巖(yan)(yan)、礫巖(yan)(yan),由(you)(you)于當時(shi)古氣候(hou)炎熱干燥,沉積物中(zhong)的(de)低價鐵氧化成(cheng)(cheng)高價鐵,因(yin)而巖(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)被(bei)染成(cheng)(cheng)紫紅或褐紅色,故稱為(wei)“紅層(ceng)(ceng)”。山體(ti)色調遠觀宛(wan)若紅霞(廣(guang)東仁(ren)化丹(dan)霞山即由(you)(you)此得名),這類地貌在(zai)我(wo)國統稱為(wei)丹(dan)霞地貌,其山、石(shi)徒刑的(de)特(te)點(dian)是整體(ti)感(gan)強,在(zai)質感(gan)和線條上剛柔兼備,與花崗巖(yan)(yan)、石(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)構成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)山地才丘陵相(xiang)比,風光(guang)別具一(yi)格(ge),具有很高的(de)美學(xue)觀賞價值。
都嶠(jiao)山屹立(li)在海拔(ba)(ba)100米(mi)上(shang)下的容廂平原之上(shang),其(qi)主要山峰(feng)海拔(ba)(ba)多在500米(mi)以上(shang),其(qi)中(zhong)香爐峰(feng)標高(gao)743.7米(mi),為都嶠(jiao)山最(zui)高(gao)峰(feng)。相對高(gao)差(cha)達(da)400至600余(yu)米(mi)。整個山區層巒疊嶂(zhang),巍峨挺拔(ba)(ba)。特別是山體北麓,丹霞赤(chi)壁(bi)似斧劈刀削,東西羅列,氣(qi)勢恢宏。自容城南望,群峰(feng)延綿(mian)達(da)8公里,宛如(ru)平地堅立(li)的錦屏,南天排開的筆架,朝暉夕陰,氣(qi)象萬(wan)千。
都嶠山(shan)紅(hong)層中富含鈣質,在(zai)(zai)(zai)風化剝蝕過程(cheng)中常(chang)沿層面(mian)形(xing)成(cheng)許(xu)多洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)。這些洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)水平方(fang)向上(shang)成(cheng)排,在(zai)(zai)(zai)垂直方(fang)向上(shang)成(cheng)層發育。在(zai)(zai)(zai)慶壽巖(yan)之(zhi)上(shang),一系列(lie)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)大(da)致在(zai)(zai)(zai)同一高度(du)斷(duan)續延伸,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中原的(de)(de)古老房(fang)(fang)舍(she)的(de)(de)斷(duan)壁(bi)殘垣(yuan)排列(lie)有(you)序,形(xing)成(cheng)了“七十二(er)房(fang)(fang)井”的(de)(de)奇觀。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)云蓋峰(feng),自下(xia)而上(shang)分布著太極巖(yan)、圣人(ren)巖(yan)、寶(bao)蓋巖(yan)等洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue),巖(yan)中砌房(fang)(fang)建閣(ge),至今不少仍保存完(wan)好。正如寶(bao)蓋巖(yan)一付巖(yan)聯所題:“閣(ge)閣(ge)閣(ge)中閣(ge)巖(yan)巖(yan)巖(yan)上(shang)巖(yan)”。據不完(wan)全統(tong)計,山(shan)內大(da)小洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)有(you)300余個,其中有(you)名(ming)稱的(de)(de)達100多個。這些洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)一般寬(kuan)度(du)大(da)于深(shen)(shen)度(du)和高度(du),最(zui)大(da)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)不靈景巖(yan),寬(kuan)46米,高、深(shen)(shen)各約16米,可(ke)容數百人(ren),都嶠山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)之(zhi)多,在(zai)(zai)(zai)國內丹霞地貌風景區中是罕見的(de)(de)。
都嶠(jiao)山(shan)山(shan)、石(shi)(shi)徒刑奇(qi)特,惟(wei)妙(miao)(miao)惟(wei)肖(xiao)。紅層(ceng)經風化剝蝕(shi)后,造型地貌發育。如八大峰,似(si)香爐、仙人、灶石(shi)(shi)、馬(ma)鞍、竹兜,山(shan)峰由此得名。至于小(xiao)的(de)山(shan)、石(shi)(shi)肖(xiao)形像(xiang)物的(de)更多,如蠟燭通天、丹鳳(feng)朝陽、寶劍出鞘(qiao),文筆(bi)卓立以(yi)及海(hai)豚出水,鯉魚跳龍(long)門等巨石(shi)(shi),莫(mo)不惟(wei)妙(miao)(miao)惟(wei)肖(xiao),使人們游興大增。還有(you)仙人橋(qiao)、仙人床等景(jing)點,也是很富(fu)吸引(yin)力的(de)景(jing)點。
都嶠山(shan)(shan)旅游(you)資源的(de)開(kai)發還(huan)只限于(yu)其西區(qu)(qu),面積約4平方公(gong)里(li),僅占整(zheng)個風(feng)景區(qu)(qu)的(de)四分(fen)之一,是近年(nian)新開(kai)發的(de)一個融自然景觀與宗教文化為一體的(de)旅游(you)觀光區(qu)(qu)。目前(qian)已建有暗河(he)佛源漂流、登山(shan)(shan)觀光纜車、五百羅漢(han)堂、慶壽(shou)巖禪寺、猴山(shan)(shan)和觀猴長廊、金佛大字世(shi)界之最、南山(shan)(shan)閣、福壽(shou)橋(qiao)、蓮池、九(jiu)曲橋(qiao)、植(zhi)物園等(deng)景觀。東(dong)區(qu)(qu)和中(zhong)區(qu)(qu),包括香爐(lu)峰(feng)、丹灶峰(feng)、仙人(ren)峰(feng)、兜子峰(feng)、中(zhong)峰(feng)等(deng)地,山(shan)(shan)勢更(geng)為雄奇,這一帶的(de)風(feng)光除具有西區(qu)(qu)的(de)某些特(te)點外,更(geng)以(yi)險、幽取(qu)勝(sheng)。可以(yi)預期(qi),在中(zhong)遠期(qi)開(kai)發之后,都嶠山(shan)(shan)景色將更(geng)具魅力。
民間有(you)(you)歌謠云(yun):“南(nan)山(shan)金戽斗(dou)(dou),九(jiu)曲十八(ba)扭,誰人葬(zang)得著(zhu),芝麻(ma)綠豆官(guan)三(san)(san)斗(dou)(dou)”;宋.賴(lai)布(bu)衣游(you)都嶠山(shan)后便作賦(fu)一(yi)首以贊其美,賦(fu)云(yun):“龍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)靈(ling)特超(chao),星之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)光不朽(xiu);天(tian)(tian)光下降方隅,地(di)德上承培嶁;縱橫(heng)照耀,二十八(ba)宿列九(jiu)天(tian)(tian);起伏(fu)恢(hui)弘(hong),七(qi)十二山(shan)分奔(ben)走;脈絡(luo)循環(huan)數百里,透岑容獨論尊卑;奇巒峻拔萬千(qian)峰,列土木(mu)金分左右(you)(you)(you);觀(guan)(guan)龍樓寶(bao)殿,惟仰南(nan)山(shan);察星體鐘靈(ling),居然金斗(dou)(dou);心極溯(su)洄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,每切秋三(san)(san);欲登泰岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao),難(nan)逢重(zhong)九(jiu).原夫神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)由起也!容山(shan)天(tian)(tian)堂,森秀(xiu)渾穆;土柱石鵝,崇雄(xiong)高(gao)(gao)矗;香爐頂(ding)掛天(tian)(tian)池,丹(dan)灶云(yun)居幽(you)谷;娑婆巖為(wei)中(zhong)宮,燈檠石為(wei)照燭;大象宿于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)傍(bang),仙鵝飛乎上屬.蜂腰(yao)渡峽,日(ri)月(yue)匡扶;鼓角威儀,槍旗并(bing)束;羅(luo)列三(san)(san)枝,中(zhong)標雙玉(yu);觀(guan)(guan)峰巒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疊疊,千(qian)山(shan)悉是(shi)奔(ben)隨;驗江漢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茫(mang)茫(mang),萬水咸歸入局;橫(heng)敷直遞,觀(guan)(guan)其勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚雄(xiong);左旋右(you)(you)(you)抽,察其形者真委曲.詳觀(guan)(guan)美穴蓮花(hua),精(jing)(jing)微深入;蟬翼(yi)雙披,蝦(xia)須兩(liang)集;御屏屹(yi)豎其間,荷筆(bi)卓然秀(xiu)立;遠觀(guan)(guan)則高(gao)(gao)起無(wu)情,近視則山(shan)家拱揖;攀(pan)金腰(yao)玉(yu)帶,一(yi)畫連環(huan);占(zhan)翰(han)苑雕梁(liang),敦(dun)厚難(nan)岌;幸形神(shen)畢聚(ju),品格(ge)出乎萬千(qian);貌像(xiang)呈祥,聲價高(gao)(gao)居倍(bei)十;信是(shi)明堂廣闊,陽剛星列盤桓;局度寬(kuan)雄(xiong),帝座公車峻拔;只(zhi)有(you)(you)諸砂(sha),并(bing)無(wu)一(yi)煞;兩(liang)邊盡是(shi)包羅(luo),四(si)面咸來觀(guan)(guan)察;羅(luo)衛收自近關(guan),豬(zhu)牙鎮塞總轄;天(tian)(tian)馬鎮自乾(qian)離,北斗(dou)(dou)重(zhong)騮合札;擬(ni)左致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飄渺,仙人詎敢盡當;驗右(you)(you)(you)繞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縈回,苑客難(nan)稱巧黠;布(bu)金箱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蘊,不但寶(bao)三(san)(san);陳玉(yu)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng),有(you)(you)同(tong)簋八(ba);若是(shi)乎!地(di)既靈(ling)于(yu)(yu)其前,人心杰乎厥(jue)后;斯興(xing)發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)強,享榮(rong)華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悠久;富必(bi)石崇,貴仍(reng)韓柳;誥(gao)軸文星面對,他年金榜題名;云(yun)天(tian)(tian)錦帳頻敷,異日(ri)斗(dou)(dou)稱福(fu)厚;嗟乎!地(di)產(chan)精(jing)(jing)英,鬼(gui)神(shen)守護;縱有(you)(you)慧眼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明,難(nan)默(mo)遭逢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偶(ou);是(shi)為(wei)山(shan)家擇主,斷然福(fu)自天(tian)(tian)來!倘教地(di)府佑人,決非事成矯揉!