都嶠(jiao)山(shan)中,又名(ming)南(nan)山(shan),是廣西省(sheng)級(ji)風景名(ming)勝區,桂(gui)東(dong)南(nan)名(ming)山(shan)之(zhi)一(yi),以典型的(de)丹霞(xia)地貌著稱,距容縣縣城7公(gong)里,是全國(guo)道書所(suo)(suo)稱三十六洞天的(de)第二(er)(er)十洞天。山(shan)中有勝景“二(er)(er)洞、八峰(feng)、二(er)(er)十巖”。歷代以寺(si)觀(guan)(guan)眾(zhong)多(duo),風光奇麗而聞(wen)名(ming)于世。古時(shi)山(shan)上有九寺(si)十三觀(guan)(guan),有著名(ming)的(de)講(jiang)學所(suo)(suo)太極巖等,宋代著名(ming)詩人蘇東(dong)坡、名(ming)相李綱、明(ming)朝旅行家徐(xu)霞(xia)客等名(ming)人曾慕名(ming)游覽題詠(yong),是集宗(zong)教、文化、風光于一(yi)體的(de)名(ming)山(shan)。
都嶠(jiao)山(shan)是(shi)我國道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)第20洞天,文資源(yuan)豐富,文化(hua)底(di)蘊深厚(hou)。遠在(zai)漢代即有劉(liu)根、華子期等人(ren)入山(shan)修(xiu)道(dao)(dao),相傳(chuan)晉朝(chao)葛洪也曾在(zai)山(shan)中(zhong)煉丹。寶(bao)元(yuan)觀(guan)即道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)活動場所之一(yi)。隨著佛(fo)教(jiao)傳(chuan)入中(zhong)國,都嶠(jiao)山(shan)又成(cheng)為佛(fo)教(jiao)勝(sheng)地。唐代山(shan)中(zhong)建有相當規(gui)模的(de)九(jiu)寺(si)十三觀(guan)。靈景(jing)寺(si)古時(shi)即為海內名寺(si)。其后(hou)宋朝(chao)又在(zai)寶(bao)元(yuan)巖中(zhong)筑殿塑造和(he)奉祀孔子及其弟子,于是(shi)都嶠(jiao)山(shan)便成(cheng)為佛(fo)、道(dao)(dao)、儒三家并興(xing)之地。此(ci)外(wai),歷代名人(ren)贊譽都嶠(jiao)山(shan)的(de)詩文甚多,如(ru)宋代大(da)詩人(ren)蘇東坡路過容州時(shi)曾題詩贈送在(zai)山(shan)中(zhong)修(xiu)道(dao)(dao)的(de)邵(shao)彥甫,宋代名將李綱、明代著名旅(lv)行家徐霞客游山(shan)時(shi)曾在(zai)靈景(jing)寺(si)往宿(su),并留下了(le)詩篇和(he)游記(ji)。都嶠(jiao)山(shan)同時(shi)又是(shi)民間文學(xue)的(de)寶(bao)庫,這里的(de)奇峰異石大(da)多富麗著古老動人(ren)的(de)傳(chuan)說。如(ru)“鐘鼓石”、“仙(xian)人(ren)腳印”、“虎頭關”、“燈檠光照(zhao)讀(du)書臺(tai)”等,大(da)都引人(ren)入勝(sheng)。上(shang)述從(cong)文旅(lv)游資源(yuan)與(yu)風光交相輝映,極大(da)地豐富了(le)名山(shan)的(de)文化(hua)內涵。 [1]
都嶠(jiao)山(shan)山(shan)體由(you)第三系(xi)“紅(hong)層”構成。第三系(xi)“紅(hong)層”,屬于內陸(lu)湖盆沉(chen)積,主要為(wei)砂巖、礫(li)巖,由(you)于當(dang)時古(gu)氣候(hou)炎熱(re)干燥,沉(chen)積物中的(de)(de)低價鐵氧化(hua)成高價鐵,因而(er)巖層被(bei)染成紫紅(hong)或褐(he)紅(hong)色(se),故稱為(wei)“紅(hong)層”。山(shan)體色(se)調遠觀宛若(ruo)紅(hong)霞(廣(guang)東仁化(hua)丹霞山(shan)即由(you)此得名),這類地貌在我國統稱為(wei)丹霞地貌,其山(shan)、石(shi)徒刑的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)是整(zheng)體感強(qiang),在質感和線條上(shang)剛柔兼備,與花崗巖、石(shi)灰巖構成的(de)(de)山(shan)地才丘陵(ling)相比(bi),風光(guang)別具一(yi)格,具有很高的(de)(de)美學(xue)觀賞(shang)價值。
都嶠山(shan)屹立在海拔(ba)100米上(shang)下(xia)的(de)容廂平(ping)原(yuan)之(zhi)上(shang),其主要(yao)山(shan)峰海拔(ba)多(duo)在500米以上(shang),其中香爐峰標高(gao)743.7米,為都嶠山(shan)最(zui)高(gao)峰。相對(dui)高(gao)差達400至600余米。整個山(shan)區層(ceng)巒疊嶂,巍峨挺拔(ba)。特別是(shi)山(shan)體北麓,丹霞赤(chi)壁似斧劈刀削(xue),東西(xi)羅列,氣勢恢(hui)宏。自容城(cheng)南望,群峰延綿(mian)達8公里,宛如平(ping)地堅立的(de)錦屏(ping),南天排(pai)開(kai)的(de)筆架,朝暉(hui)夕陰(yin),氣象萬千(qian)。
都嶠山(shan)(shan)紅層中(zhong)富(fu)含鈣質,在(zai)風化剝蝕過程中(zhong)常沿層面形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)許多(duo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)。這(zhe)些(xie)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)在(zai)水平(ping)方向上成(cheng)(cheng)排(pai),在(zai)垂直方向上成(cheng)(cheng)層發育。在(zai)慶壽巖(yan)(yan)之(zhi)上,一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)大(da)(da)致在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)高度(du)斷續延伸(shen),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)原的古老房(fang)(fang)舍的斷壁殘垣排(pai)列(lie)(lie)有(you)(you)序,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了“七(qi)十二房(fang)(fang)井”的奇觀(guan)。而(er)(er)在(zai)云蓋峰(feng),自下而(er)(er)上分(fen)布著太極巖(yan)(yan)、圣人巖(yan)(yan)、寶(bao)蓋巖(yan)(yan)等洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue),巖(yan)(yan)中(zhong)砌房(fang)(fang)建閣(ge)(ge),至今不少(shao)仍保存完好。正(zheng)如寶(bao)蓋巖(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)付巖(yan)(yan)聯所題:“閣(ge)(ge)閣(ge)(ge)閣(ge)(ge)中(zhong)閣(ge)(ge)巖(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)上巖(yan)(yan)”。據不完全統計,山(shan)(shan)內(nei)大(da)(da)小洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)有(you)(you)300余個,其中(zhong)有(you)(you)名稱的達100多(duo)個。這(zhe)些(xie)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)一(yi)(yi)般寬(kuan)度(du)大(da)(da)于深度(du)和高度(du),最大(da)(da)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)不靈景(jing)巖(yan)(yan),寬(kuan)46米,高、深各約16米,可容(rong)數百(bai)人,都嶠山(shan)(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)之(zhi)多(duo),在(zai)國內(nei)丹霞(xia)地貌風景(jing)區中(zhong)是(shi)罕見的。
都嶠山山、石(shi)徒(tu)刑奇特,惟(wei)(wei)妙(miao)惟(wei)(wei)肖。紅層經風化剝(bo)蝕后(hou),造(zao)型地(di)貌發育。如八大峰,似(si)香爐(lu)、仙人、灶(zao)石(shi)、馬鞍(an)、竹兜,山峰由此(ci)得名。至于小的(de)山、石(shi)肖形像物的(de)更多,如蠟燭(zhu)通天、丹鳳朝陽、寶劍出(chu)鞘,文筆卓立以及(ji)海豚出(chu)水,鯉魚(yu)跳龍門等巨(ju)石(shi),莫不惟(wei)(wei)妙(miao)惟(wei)(wei)肖,使人們游興大增。還(huan)有(you)仙人橋(qiao)、仙人床等景(jing)點,也是很富吸引力的(de)景(jing)點。
都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)旅游資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)還(huan)只(zhi)限(xian)于其西區(qu)(qu)(qu),面積(ji)約4平方公里,僅占整個風景區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四分之一(yi),是近年新開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個融自然景觀與宗(zong)教(jiao)文化為一(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅游觀光區(qu)(qu)(qu)。目前已建有(you)暗河佛源漂流、登(deng)山(shan)(shan)觀光纜車、五百羅漢(han)堂、慶壽(shou)巖禪寺、猴山(shan)(shan)和觀猴長廊、金(jin)佛大字世界之最、南山(shan)(shan)閣(ge)、福(fu)壽(shou)橋、蓮池、九(jiu)曲橋、植(zhi)物(wu)園等(deng)景觀。東區(qu)(qu)(qu)和中(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu),包括香(xiang)爐(lu)峰(feng)(feng)、丹(dan)灶(zao)峰(feng)(feng)、仙(xian)人峰(feng)(feng)、兜子(zi)峰(feng)(feng)、中(zhong)峰(feng)(feng)等(deng)地,山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)更(geng)為雄奇,這一(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)風光除具有(you)西區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)某些特點外,更(geng)以(yi)險、幽取勝(sheng)。可以(yi)預期(qi),在中(zhong)遠期(qi)開發(fa)之后(hou),都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)景色將更(geng)具魅力。
民間有(you)歌謠云(yun):“南山金(jin)(jin)戽斗(dou)(dou),九曲十(shi)八(ba)扭(niu),誰人(ren)葬(zang)得著,芝麻綠豆官(guan)三斗(dou)(dou)”;宋.賴布衣游都嶠山后(hou)便作賦一(yi)首以贊其(qi)(qi)美(mei),賦云(yun):“龍之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)靈(ling)特超(chao),星之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)不朽(xiu);天光(guang)下降方隅,地(di)(di)(di)德(de)上承培嶁;縱(zong)橫照(zhao)耀(yao),二十(shi)八(ba)宿(su)列九天;起伏恢弘(hong),七十(shi)二山分奔(ben)走(zou);脈絡循環數百(bai)里,透岑容獨論(lun)尊(zun)卑(bei);奇巒(luan)峻拔萬(wan)(wan)千峰,列土(tu)木金(jin)(jin)分左右(you);觀(guan)龍樓寶殿,惟仰南山;察(cha)星體鐘靈(ling),居(ju)(ju)然金(jin)(jin)斗(dou)(dou);心(xin)極溯洄之(zhi)望,每切秋三;欲登泰岳之(zhi)高(gao)(gao),難(nan)逢(feng)重九.原夫神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)所由起也!容山天堂,森秀(xiu)渾穆;土(tu)柱石(shi)(shi)鵝,崇雄(xiong)(xiong)高(gao)(gao)矗;香爐頂掛天池,丹(dan)灶云(yun)居(ju)(ju)幽谷;娑婆(po)巖(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)宮,燈檠石(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)照(zhao)燭;大象(xiang)宿(su)于(yu)中(zhong)傍,仙(xian)鵝飛乎上屬.蜂腰渡峽,日(ri)月(yue)匡扶;鼓角威儀,槍旗并(bing)束;羅(luo)列三枝,中(zhong)標雙玉(yu);觀(guan)峰巒(luan)之(zhi)疊疊,千山悉(xi)是(shi)奔(ben)隨;驗江(jiang)漢之(zhi)茫茫,萬(wan)(wan)水咸歸入局;橫敷(fu)直(zhi)遞,觀(guan)其(qi)(qi)勢之(zhi)甚雄(xiong)(xiong);左旋右(you)抽,察(cha)其(qi)(qi)形(xing)者真委曲.詳觀(guan)美(mei)穴蓮(lian)花,精微深入;蟬(chan)翼雙披,蝦須兩(liang)集;御屏(ping)屹豎其(qi)(qi)間,荷筆(bi)卓然秀(xiu)立(li);遠觀(guan)則高(gao)(gao)起無(wu)(wu)情,近(jin)視則山家拱揖;攀金(jin)(jin)腰玉(yu)帶,一(yi)畫(hua)連(lian)環;占翰苑(yuan)雕梁,敦厚難(nan)岌;幸形(xing)神(shen)(shen)畢(bi)聚,品(pin)格出乎萬(wan)(wan)千;貌像(xiang)呈祥,聲價高(gao)(gao)居(ju)(ju)倍十(shi);信是(shi)明堂廣闊,陽剛星列盤桓(huan);局度寬雄(xiong)(xiong),帝座公車峻拔;只有(you)諸砂,并(bing)無(wu)(wu)一(yi)煞;兩(liang)邊盡是(shi)包羅(luo),四面咸來觀(guan)察(cha);羅(luo)衛(wei)收自(zi)近(jin)關,豬牙(ya)鎮塞總轄;天馬鎮自(zi)乾離,北斗(dou)(dou)重騮合札;擬左致之(zhi)飄渺,仙(xian)人(ren)詎敢(gan)盡當;驗右(you)繞(rao)之(zhi)縈(ying)回,苑(yuan)客難(nan)稱巧黠;布金(jin)(jin)箱之(zhi)蘊,不但(dan)寶三;陳玉(yu)石(shi)(shi)之(zhi)能,有(you)同簋八(ba);若是(shi)乎!地(di)(di)(di)既(ji)靈(ling)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)前,人(ren)心(xin)杰乎厥后(hou);斯(si)興(xing)發(fa)之(zhi)無(wu)(wu)強(qiang),享榮華之(zhi)悠(you)久;富必(bi)石(shi)(shi)崇,貴仍韓柳(liu);誥軸文星面對(dui),他年金(jin)(jin)榜題名(ming);云(yun)天錦帳(zhang)頻敷(fu),異日(ri)斗(dou)(dou)稱福(fu)厚;嗟乎!地(di)(di)(di)產精英,鬼神(shen)(shen)守護;縱(zong)有(you)慧眼之(zhi)明,難(nan)默遭逢(feng)之(zhi)偶;是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山家擇主,斷然福(fu)自(zi)天來!倘教地(di)(di)(di)府佑(you)人(ren),決非事成矯揉!