都嶠(jiao)山(shan)中(zhong),又名(ming)(ming)南山(shan),是廣西省級風(feng)(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝區(qu),桂東南名(ming)(ming)山(shan)之一,以典型的(de)丹霞(xia)(xia)地貌(mao)著(zhu)稱,距(ju)容縣縣城7公(gong)里(li),是全國道書(shu)所稱三(san)十六洞天(tian)的(de)第二(er)十洞天(tian)。山(shan)中(zhong)有(you)勝景“二(er)洞、八峰、二(er)十巖”。歷代以寺觀(guan)眾多,風(feng)(feng)光(guang)奇(qi)麗而聞名(ming)(ming)于世(shi)。古時山(shan)上有(you)九寺十三(san)觀(guan),有(you)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)講(jiang)學所太極巖等(deng),宋代著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)詩(shi)人蘇東坡、名(ming)(ming)相李(li)綱、明(ming)朝(chao)旅行家徐霞(xia)(xia)客等(deng)名(ming)(ming)人曾慕名(ming)(ming)游覽題詠(yong),是集宗教、文化、風(feng)(feng)光(guang)于一體(ti)的(de)名(ming)(ming)山(shan)。
都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國道教(jiao)第20洞(dong)天,文(wen)(wen)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,文(wen)(wen)化(hua)底蘊深(shen)厚。遠在(zai)漢(han)代(dai)即有劉根、華子(zi)期等人(ren)入山修(xiu)(xiu)道,相(xiang)傳晉朝(chao)葛洪(hong)也曾在(zai)山中煉丹。寶元(yuan)觀(guan)即道教(jiao)活動(dong)場所之(zhi)一(yi)。隨著(zhu)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)傳入中國,都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山又(you)(you)成為佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)勝(sheng)地(di)。唐代(dai)山中建有相(xiang)當(dang)規(gui)模的(de)(de)九寺(si)十三觀(guan)。靈(ling)景(jing)寺(si)古時(shi)即為海(hai)內名(ming)寺(si)。其后(hou)宋朝(chao)又(you)(you)在(zai)寶元(yuan)巖(yan)中筑殿塑造(zao)和奉祀孔(kong)子(zi)及其弟子(zi),于是(shi)(shi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山便成為佛(fo)(fo)、道、儒三家并興之(zhi)地(di)。此外,歷代(dai)名(ming)人(ren)贊譽都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山的(de)(de)詩(shi)文(wen)(wen)甚多,如宋代(dai)大(da)(da)詩(shi)人(ren)蘇東坡路(lu)過(guo)容州時(shi)曾題詩(shi)贈(zeng)送(song)在(zai)山中修(xiu)(xiu)道的(de)(de)邵(shao)彥甫,宋代(dai)名(ming)將李綱、明代(dai)著(zhu)名(ming)旅(lv)行家徐霞客(ke)游山時(shi)曾在(zai)靈(ling)景(jing)寺(si)往宿(su),并留(liu)下了詩(shi)篇和游記。都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山同時(shi)又(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)民間(jian)文(wen)(wen)學的(de)(de)寶庫,這里的(de)(de)奇(qi)峰(feng)異石大(da)(da)多富麗著(zhu)古老動(dong)人(ren)的(de)(de)傳說(shuo)。如“鐘鼓石”、“仙人(ren)腳印”、“虎頭(tou)關”、“燈檠光(guang)照(zhao)讀書臺”等,大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)引人(ren)入勝(sheng)。上述從文(wen)(wen)旅(lv)游資源(yuan)與風光(guang)交相(xiang)輝映,極大(da)(da)地(di)豐(feng)富了名(ming)山的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)內涵。 [1]
都(dou)嶠(jiao)山山體由(you)第三系“紅(hong)層(ceng)”構(gou)成(cheng)。第三系“紅(hong)層(ceng)”,屬于內(nei)陸湖盆沉積,主(zhu)要為(wei)砂巖、礫巖,由(you)于當時(shi)古氣候炎熱干燥,沉積物中(zhong)的(de)低價鐵(tie)(tie)氧化(hua)成(cheng)高(gao)價鐵(tie)(tie),因而(er)巖層(ceng)被染成(cheng)紫紅(hong)或(huo)褐紅(hong)色,故稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“紅(hong)層(ceng)”。山體色調(diao)遠觀(guan)宛若紅(hong)霞(廣東仁化(hua)丹(dan)霞山即由(you)此得(de)名),這類地貌(mao)在我國統稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)丹(dan)霞地貌(mao),其山、石徒刑的(de)特點是整體感強,在質感和線條上剛柔(rou)兼備,與花崗巖、石灰巖構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)山地才丘陵(ling)相比,風(feng)光別具一格,具有很高(gao)的(de)美學觀(guan)賞價值。
都嶠山(shan)屹立在(zai)海(hai)拔(ba)100米上下的(de)容廂平(ping)原之上,其主要山(shan)峰(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)多在(zai)500米以上,其中香爐峰(feng)標高743.7米,為都嶠山(shan)最高峰(feng)。相對高差達400至(zhi)600余米。整(zheng)個(ge)山(shan)區層巒疊嶂,巍峨挺拔(ba)。特別是山(shan)體北麓(lu),丹霞赤壁似斧(fu)劈刀削,東西羅列(lie),氣勢恢宏(hong)。自容城南望,群(qun)峰(feng)延綿達8公里,宛如平(ping)地(di)堅(jian)立的(de)錦屏,南天排開(kai)的(de)筆架(jia),朝暉夕陰,氣象萬千。
都嶠(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)紅層(ceng)中(zhong)富(fu)含鈣質,在風化剝蝕過程中(zhong)常沿層(ceng)面(mian)形成許多(duo)洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)。這些洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)在水平方(fang)向上(shang)(shang)成排,在垂(chui)直(zhi)方(fang)向上(shang)(shang)成層(ceng)發育(yu)。在慶壽巖(yan)(yan)(yan)之上(shang)(shang),一(yi)系(xi)列洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)大(da)致在同(tong)一(yi)高度斷續延(yan)伸,洞(dong)中(zhong)原(yuan)的(de)(de)古(gu)老房(fang)舍(she)的(de)(de)斷壁殘垣排列有序,形成了(le)“七(qi)十二(er)房(fang)井(jing)”的(de)(de)奇觀(guan)。而在云蓋峰(feng),自下而上(shang)(shang)分布著太(tai)極(ji)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、圣人巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、寶(bao)蓋巖(yan)(yan)(yan)等洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue),巖(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)砌房(fang)建閣(ge),至(zhi)今不(bu)少仍保存完好。正如(ru)寶(bao)蓋巖(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)付巖(yan)(yan)(yan)聯所題:“閣(ge)閣(ge)閣(ge)中(zhong)閣(ge)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)”。據(ju)不(bu)完全統計,山(shan)(shan)內(nei)大(da)小洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)有300余個(ge),其中(zhong)有名稱的(de)(de)達100多(duo)個(ge)。這些洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)般寬度大(da)于(yu)深度和高度,最(zui)大(da)洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)不(bu)靈(ling)景(jing)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),寬46米(mi),高、深各約16米(mi),可容數百人,都嶠(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)之多(duo),在國內(nei)丹霞(xia)地(di)貌風景(jing)區中(zhong)是罕見的(de)(de)。
都(dou)嶠山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)、石徒刑奇特,惟(wei)(wei)妙(miao)惟(wei)(wei)肖。紅(hong)層經風化剝蝕后,造(zao)型地貌發育(yu)。如八大峰(feng)(feng),似香(xiang)爐、仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)、灶(zao)石、馬鞍、竹兜,山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)由此得名。至于小(xiao)的(de)山(shan)(shan)、石肖形(xing)像物的(de)更(geng)多,如蠟燭通天、丹鳳(feng)朝(chao)陽、寶劍出鞘,文筆卓(zhuo)立以及(ji)海豚出水(shui),鯉魚跳(tiao)龍門等(deng)巨(ju)石,莫不惟(wei)(wei)妙(miao)惟(wei)(wei)肖,使(shi)人(ren)們游興大增。還有仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)橋、仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)床等(deng)景點(dian),也(ye)是很(hen)富吸引力的(de)景點(dian)。
都嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)旅(lv)游資源的(de)(de)開發還只限于(yu)其西(xi)區(qu),面積(ji)約4平方公里,僅占整個風景(jing)(jing)區(qu)的(de)(de)四(si)分之一(yi)(yi),是近年新開發的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個融自然景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)與宗教(jiao)文化(hua)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)旅(lv)游觀(guan)(guan)光區(qu)。目前已建有暗河佛源漂流、登山(shan)(shan)觀(guan)(guan)光纜車、五百羅漢(han)堂、慶壽巖禪(chan)寺、猴山(shan)(shan)和(he)觀(guan)(guan)猴長廊、金佛大字世界(jie)之最(zui)、南山(shan)(shan)閣(ge)、福壽橋、蓮池、九曲橋、植(zhi)物園等(deng)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)。東區(qu)和(he)中(zhong)區(qu),包括(kuo)香(xiang)爐(lu)峰(feng)(feng)、丹灶峰(feng)(feng)、仙人峰(feng)(feng)、兜(dou)子峰(feng)(feng)、中(zhong)峰(feng)(feng)等(deng)地,山(shan)(shan)勢更為(wei)雄奇,這一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)風光除具有西(xi)區(qu)的(de)(de)某些特點外,更以險、幽取勝。可以預期,在(zai)中(zhong)遠期開發之后,都嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)景(jing)(jing)色將更具魅(mei)力。
民間有(you)歌謠云:“南山(shan)金(jin)戽斗(dou),九(jiu)曲十(shi)八扭,誰人(ren)葬得著,芝麻綠豆官三(san)(san)斗(dou)”;宋.賴布衣(yi)游都嶠山(shan)后(hou)(hou)便(bian)作賦(fu)一(yi)首以贊(zan)其(qi)美,賦(fu)云:“龍(long)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)靈(ling)特超,星之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)光不(bu)(bu)朽;天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)光下降方隅,地(di)德上(shang)承培(pei)嶁;縱(zong)橫照耀(yao),二(er)十(shi)八宿(su)列九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);起伏恢弘,七十(shi)二(er)山(shan)分奔(ben)走;脈(mo)絡循(xun)環數(shu)百里(li),透岑容(rong)獨論尊卑;奇巒峻拔(ba)萬(wan)千峰,列土(tu)(tu)木金(jin)分左右(you);觀(guan)龍(long)樓寶殿(dian),惟仰南山(shan);察星體鐘靈(ling),居(ju)然金(jin)斗(dou);心極溯洄之(zhi)望,每(mei)切(qie)秋(qiu)三(san)(san);欲登泰岳之(zhi)高,難逢重(zhong)九(jiu).原夫(fu)神之(zhi)所由起也!容(rong)山(shan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)堂,森秀渾穆;土(tu)(tu)柱石(shi)(shi)鵝,崇(chong)雄(xiong)高矗;香爐頂掛天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)池(chi),丹(dan)灶(zao)云居(ju)幽(you)谷;娑婆巖為(wei)(wei)中宮(gong),燈(deng)檠石(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)照燭(zhu);大(da)象宿(su)于中傍,仙鵝飛乎(hu)上(shang)屬.蜂腰(yao)渡峽,日月匡扶(fu);鼓角威(wei)儀,槍旗并(bing)束;羅列三(san)(san)枝(zhi),中標雙(shuang)玉;觀(guan)峰巒之(zhi)疊疊,千山(shan)悉是(shi)奔(ben)隨(sui);驗江(jiang)漢之(zhi)茫茫,萬(wan)水咸歸入局;橫敷直遞,觀(guan)其(qi)勢之(zhi)甚(shen)雄(xiong);左旋右(you)抽,察其(qi)形(xing)者真委曲.詳觀(guan)美穴蓮花,精微深(shen)入;蟬翼雙(shuang)披(pi),蝦須兩集;御屏屹豎(shu)其(qi)間,荷筆卓然秀立;遠(yuan)觀(guan)則(ze)高起無情,近視則(ze)山(shan)家拱(gong)揖;攀金(jin)腰(yao)玉帶,一(yi)畫連環;占翰苑雕梁(liang),敦厚難岌;幸形(xing)神畢聚,品格出乎(hu)萬(wan)千;貌(mao)像呈祥,聲價高居(ju)倍(bei)十(shi);信是(shi)明(ming)(ming)堂廣闊,陽(yang)剛星列盤桓(huan);局度寬雄(xiong),帝(di)座(zuo)公車峻拔(ba);只有(you)諸砂,并(bing)無一(yi)煞;兩邊盡是(shi)包羅,四面咸來觀(guan)察;羅衛收自(zi)近關,豬牙鎮塞總轄(xia);天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)馬鎮自(zi)乾離,北斗(dou)重(zhong)騮合札;擬左致之(zhi)飄渺,仙人(ren)詎敢盡當;驗右(you)繞之(zhi)縈回,苑客難稱巧黠;布金(jin)箱(xiang)之(zhi)蘊,不(bu)(bu)但寶三(san)(san);陳(chen)玉石(shi)(shi)之(zhi)能,有(you)同簋(gui)八;若是(shi)乎(hu)!地(di)既靈(ling)于其(qi)前(qian),人(ren)心杰(jie)乎(hu)厥后(hou)(hou);斯興發之(zhi)無強,享榮華(hua)之(zhi)悠久;富必石(shi)(shi)崇(chong),貴仍韓柳;誥(gao)軸文星面對,他年金(jin)榜題(ti)名;云天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)錦(jin)帳(zhang)頻敷,異日斗(dou)稱福厚;嗟乎(hu)!地(di)產精英(ying),鬼神守護;縱(zong)有(you)慧眼(yan)之(zhi)明(ming)(ming),難默遭逢之(zhi)偶(ou);是(shi)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)家擇主,斷然福自(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)來!倘教地(di)府佑人(ren),決非事成矯揉!