顓(zhuan)頊帝(di)(di)(di)嚳陵 (又稱:二帝(di)(di)(di)陵 ),是4000多(duo)年前上古(gu)時期“五帝(di)(di)(di)”中(zhong)第(di)二帝(di)(di)(di)高陽氏顓(zhuan)頊和第(di)三(san)帝(di)(di)(di)高辛氏帝(di)(di)(di)嚳的陵園。漢(han)代修(xiu)有陵冢,唐(tang)太和四年(830)建(jian)廟,宋乾(qian)德六(liu)年(968)年修(xiu),金大定七年(1167)重修(xiu),元代后又多(duo)次修(xiu)葺,歷(li)朝歷(li)代祭(ji)祀不(bu)絕,宋代以(yi)后列為定制。因地(di)處黃(huang)河古(gu)道(dao),清末逐漸被黃(huang)沙湮沒(mei)。陵地(di)古(gu)屬東(dong)郡濮陽,1949年劃(hua)入內(nei)黃(huang)縣。
1986年(nian)(nian),內(nei)黃(huang)縣(xian)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府對陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓區和(he)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)區進行清(qing)(qing)沙(sha),元(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)、清(qing)(qing)歷代165通御(yu)祭(ji)(ji)碑(bei)碣展(zhan)現于世人(ren)面(mian)前(qian),出土碑(bei)碣之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)為(wei)我(wo)國帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)首。順中(zhong)軸線(xian)發(fa)現御(yu)橋、山門(men)(men)、祭(ji)(ji)拜大殿(dian)、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)冢(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)主體建(jian)筑(zhu)遺跡,唐至(zhi)清(qing)(qing)代建(jian)筑(zhu)基址(zhi)12處,還發(fa)現有(you)仰韶、龍山文(wen)化陶片等(deng)(deng)(deng)新石器時代遺存。景區占地23.3萬(wan)平(ping)(ping)方米,由朝覲祭(ji)(ji)拜區、碑(bei)林區、休閑區、森林公(gong)園區組成,建(jian)有(you)山門(men)(men)、欞星門(men)(men)、祭(ji)(ji)拜大殿(dian)、東、西(xi)配殿(dian)、碑(bei)廊、井亭等(deng)(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu),元(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)、清(qing)(qing)各代數條(tiao)甬道縱橫其(qi)間(jian)。顓頊(xu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)冢(zhong)居東,帝(di)(di)嚳陵(ling)(ling)(ling)冢(zhong)居西(xi),兩冢(zhong)并峙,在(zai)帝(di)(di)王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)寢中(zhong)極為(wei)罕見。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區被2000萬(wan)平(ping)(ping)方米槐(huai)林環抱(bao),生態(tai)環境良好,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區內(nei)有(you)鳥柏、錦雞爾等(deng)(deng)(deng)稀有(you)植物300多(duo)種,仿佛(fo)置身于原(yuan)始森林之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),給人(ren)一種返璞歸(gui)真、回(hui)歸(gui)自然的(de)感覺。農歷三(san)月十(shi)八日(ri),傳為(wei)顓頊(xu)帝(di)(di)生日(ri),數以萬(wan)計的(de)華夏兒(er)女,云集(ji)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling),大行祭(ji)(ji)祀(si),千百年(nian)(nian)來從未中(zhong)斷。2002年(nian)(nian),內(nei)黃(huang)縣(xian)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府為(wei)緬懷圣祖(zu)功德,弘(hong)揚華夏文(wen)化,始辦祭(ji)(ji)祖(zu)節,并列為(wei)定制。每年(nian)(nian)此時,帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)內(nei)文(wen)藝表演(yan)、民(min)間(jian)工藝、特(te)色小吃(chi)、熱鬧非凡,古廟會以其(qi)純樸的(de)民(min)風、民(min)俗(su)和(he)古老燦爛的(de)黃(huang)河文(wen)化吸引了眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)海內(nei)外游人(ren)尋(xun)根祭(ji)(ji)祖(zu)、觀光(guang)旅游。
顓頊、帝嚳(ku)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)位(wei)(wei)于河(he)(he)南內(nei)(nei)黃縣城南30公里(li)的(de)(de)梁莊鎮(zhen)三楊莊土山(shan)之陽。顓頊陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)居(ju)東(dong),帝嚳(ku)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)居(ju)帝嚳(ku)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)西,兩(liang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)相距60米(mi)。顓頊陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)南北長(chang)66米(mi),東(dong)西寬53米(mi),高(gao)約(yue)26米(mi);帝嚳(ku)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)略小且居(ju)后兩(liang)米(mi)。據專家分(fen)析,這(zhe)種(zhong)長(chang)輩(bei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)冢(zhong)大(da)、晚(wan)輩(bei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)冢(zhong)小;長(chang)輩(bei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)位(wei)(wei)趨前(qian)、晚(wan)輩(bei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)位(wei)(wei)趨后的(de)(de)殯(bin)葬方式,正好(hao)印證了(le)(le)顓頊帝“長(chang)幼有(you)(you)序(xu)”的(de)(de)道(dao)德倫理。二帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園從下至上(shang)有(you)(you)御(yu)(yu)橋、山(shan)門、廟院、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)、碑(bei)(bei)(bei)林(lin)及(ji)縱(zong)橫(heng)其(qi)(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)甬道(dao),占地(di)(di)面積350多畝;陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)四(si)(si)周(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)圍墻,稱“紫禁城”。史書記載,二帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)建筑(zhu)宏偉,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)碣林(lin)立,松柏蓊郁(yu),歷代(dai)帝王祭(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)不絕,宋(song)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)后列為定制。農歷三月(yue)十八為顓頊帝誕辰日(ri),民間(jian)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)大(da)戲喧囂,人聲鼎沸(fei),香火繚繞,熱鬧非凡。但因年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)久遠,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)地(di)(di)處黃河(he)(he)故道(dao)和緊靠硝河(he)(he),河(he)(he)水多次(ci)泛濫,風沙(sha)(sha)肆虐,到清朝同(tong)治(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)和建筑(zhu)群全部被(bei)黃沙(sha)(sha)掩埋于地(di)(di)下。 新中國(guo)成立后,人民政府特別重(zhong)視對(dui)二帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)保護和開發。政府連續多年(nian)(nian)(nian)在二帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)和周(zhou)(zhou)圍育林(lin)封沙(sha)(sha),使整個陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)被(bei)數萬畝蒼茫的(de)(de)森林(lin)所環抱。特別是1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)來(lai),對(dui)二帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)進行了(le)(le)三 次(ci)大(da)規(gui)模的(de)(de)清沙(sha)(sha)、鉆(zhan)探和開發建設,原(yuan)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)山(shan)門、宋(song)井、廟宇、碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)、圍墻和多條(tiao)甬道(dao)相繼重(zhong)見(jian)天(tian)(tian)日(ri);挖掘出165塊(kuai)御(yu)(yu)制祭(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、大(da)量仰韶、龍山(shan)文(wen)化陶(tao)片及(ji)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)文(wen)物碎片;在陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)內(nei)(nei),經過科學鉆(zhan)探表明,深(shen)層尚(shang)有(you)(you)大(da)量碑(bei)(bei)(bei)碣及(ji)陶(tao)片。近年(nian)(nian)(nian),當地(di)(di)政府對(dui)二帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)進行了(le)(le)大(da)規(gui)模重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),先后修(xiu)(xiu)建了(le)(le)山(shan)門、祭(ji)拜殿(dian)、二帝塑像、欞星(xing)門、碑(bei)(bei)(bei)廊、配(pei)殿(dian)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)附屬配(pei)套設施。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園外,芳草(cao)萋萋,林(lin)濤奔(ben)涌(yong);陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園內(nei)(nei),松柏參天(tian)(tian),莊嚴(yan)肅穆(mu),透出了(le)(le)帝王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園的(de)(de)滄(cang)桑與威嚴(yan),一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)(si)季前(qian)來(lai)尋根(gen)拜祖(zu)的(de)(de)海(hai)內(nei)(nei)外華人、華僑絡繹(yi)不絕。
公元2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue),河南(nan)省人(ren)民政(zheng)府正式批準顓頊(xu)、帝(di)嚳二帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)“省級文物保(bao)護單(dan)位”。帝(di)嚳陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling) 當地(di)(di)政(zheng)府設置了(le)專(zhuan)業管理機(ji)構(gou),配備了(le)管理人(ren)員(yuan)。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)連續三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的農歷三(san)(san)月(yue)十(shi)八,安陽市(shi)人(ren)民政(zheng)府、內(nei)黃縣人(ren)民政(zheng)府都(dou)隆重(zhong)舉(ju)行盛大的公祭(ji)大典。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)這一天,都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)數十(shi)萬(wan)內(nei)地(di)(di)、港澳臺(tai)地(di)(di)區(qu)及海(hai)外(wai)華夏(xia)子(zi)孫前(qian)來(lai)參加祭(ji)祀(si)(si)活(huo)動,即時禮(li)炮轟鳴,鐘磬(qing)悠(you)(you)揚,頌歌(ge)齊唱(chang),共祈華夏(xia)血脈永(yong)昌、國泰民安、世(shi)界和平(ping)。 此外(wai),群(qun)眾性祭(ji)祀(si)(si)活(huo)動歷史(shi)悠(you)(you)久(jiu),至(zhi)今尤盛。然(ran)而,到了(le)清(qing)代(dai)末(mo)期,帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)被黃沙湮(yin)埋(mai),直到1986年(nian)(nian)(nian),經(jing)過清(qing)沙,才得以重(zhong)見天日。顓頊(xu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)和帝(di)嚳陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)同在一個(ge)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu),同在陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)北(bei)端,面(mian)(mian)積同為(wei)3432平(ping)方(fang)米。顓頊(xu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)在東(dong),帝(di)嚳陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)在西。經(jing)考古發(fa)現有(you)(you)(you)御(yu)(yu)橋、御(yu)(yu)路(lu)、宋(song)井、山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)、欞星門(men)(men)、廟院、寢殿、享殿基址和漢建元修陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)、165塊御(yu)(yu)祭(ji)碑碣及縱(zong)橫其(qi)間的甬(yong)道(dao),還在殿院兩(liang)側清(qing)出漢磚路(lu)及唐、宋(song)墻(qiang)基、唐朝柱礎,在陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)前(qian)清(qing)出仰韶、龍山(shan)(shan)文化陶片。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)四周有(you)(you)(you)護陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墻(qiang),顓頊(xu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)南(nan)墻(qiang)上嵌有(you)(you)(you)元、清(qing)兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)塊標(biao)志(zhi)碑,碑 中央分別書有(you)(you)(you)盈尺(chi)大字“顓頊(xu)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)”“顓頊(xu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)”。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)再度清(qing)沙時,在陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)北(bei)邊(bian)發(fa)現漢墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)清(qing)沙,首先在山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)西側清(qing)出數塊石碑,山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)至(zhi)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)廟院之間清(qing)出弧形古殘墻(qiang),及祭(ji)祀(si)(si)廟院能往(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)的數甬(yong)道(dao)。3月(yue)份,帝(di)嚳陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)護陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墻(qiang)被發(fa)現,鑲嵌在護陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)前(qian)墻(qiang)的明嘉靖七年(nian)(nian)(nian)的“帝(di)嚳陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)”標(biao)志(zhi)碑也隨之面(mian)(mian)世(shi)。
帝(di)(di)(di)嚳(ku)(kù),姓(xing)姬,為上(shang)古五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)之一。他是黃帝(di)(di)(di)的曾孫,“生而神靈,自言其名”。十五(wu)歲(sui)時,因輔佐顓頊帝(di)(di)(di)有(you)功,被封(feng)于(yu)高辛(今(jin)商丘(qiu)市南高辛)。三(san)十歲(sui)時,代顓頊為帝(di)(di)(di),都于(yu)亳。因他興起于(yu)高辛,史稱(cheng)之為高辛氏。
帝嚳即帝位后,“聰以知遠(yuan),明以察微。順天(tian)之義,知民(min)之急。仁而(er)威,惠(hui)而(er)信,修身而(er)大下服”。他在位七十(shi)年,天(tian)下大治,人民(min)安居樂業。
顓(zhuan)(zhuan)頊帝(di)(di)嚳陵盡管(guan)塵封百年(nian),但(dan)民間祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀活動從未(wei)中(zhong)斷,特別(bie)是(shi)在每(mei)年(nian)農(nong)歷三(san)月十八日,傳稱為(wei)顓(zhuan)(zhuan)頊帝(di)(di)生日,數以萬(wan)計華夏(xia)兒女,千里迢迢,云(yun)集帝(di)(di)陵,大禮祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀。2002年(nian)農(nong)歷三(san)月十八日,內黃(huang)縣人民政府為(wei)了(le)緬懷圣祖功德,弘揚華夏(xia)文化,凝聚民族精神,滿(man)足中(zhong)華子孫(sun)尋根(gen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祖的夙愿,始辦(ban)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祖節,公祭(ji)(ji)(ji)顓(zhuan)(zhuan)頊帝(di)(di)嚳,并由此(ci)列為(wei)定制(zhi),每(mei)到這天,都要舉行公祭(ji)(ji)(ji)活動。
帝(di)陵(ling)圣地,文(wen)藝表(biao)演,民(min)間工藝,特色小吃,再加上喧囂(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)鑼鼓(gu),繚(liao)繞的(de)(de)(de)香火,人(ren)(ren)(ren)山人(ren)(ren)(ren)海,勢如潮涌,熱(re)鬧非凡,古(gu)廟會以其純樸(pu)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)風民(min)俗和古(gu)老、燦爛的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)河(he)文(wen)化(hua)吸(xi)引眾多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)華夏(xia)后(hou)裔(yi)來追宗尋(xun)祖,焚香祭拜。一直以來,當地人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾在這里封沙育林(lin),圣帝(di)陵(ling)區為數萬畝森林(lin)所環(huan)抱。陵(ling)區內有古(gu)鳥(niao)柏、錦雞爾、槐(huai)樹(shu)及其他稀(xi)有樹(shu)木30多(duo)種,陵(ling)區生態保持良好(hao)(hao),昆蟲、鳥(niao)類品種繁(fan)多(duo)。春(chun)天,槐(huai)花飄香,蜂飛蝶舞,風光宜人(ren)(ren)(ren);夏(xia)季,風鳴蟲吟(yin),鳥(niao)啼蟬歌,如一曲曲交(jiao)響(xiang)樂,讓人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)曠(kuang)神怡,好(hao)(hao)像(xiang)置身于原始(shi)森林(lin),給人(ren)(ren)(ren)一種返樸(pu)歸真(zhen),回歸大自然的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)覺。
近年(nian)來,內(nei)黃縣(xian)人民政府非常重視“二(er)(er)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)”的(de)開發(fa)與修葺工(gong)作。1989年(nian)派新成立的(de)文物保(bao)護(hu)管(guan)理所負(fu)責二(er)(er)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作。2000年(nian),“二(er)(er)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)”以眾多(duo)的(de)文物古跡(ji)和豐(feng)富的(de)文化內(nei)涵被(bei)晉升為(wei)省級重點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。2002年(nian),成立二(er)(er)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)景(jing)區管(guan)理委員會,并持巨資保(bao)護(hu)、開發(fa)、建(jian)設(she)(she)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)。目(mu)前(qian),陵(ling)(ling)區建(jian)設(she)(she)已粗具規模,先后(hou)建(jian)起了(le)新山門、拜殿、東、西(xi)配殿、碑廊、停車場(chang),配置了(le)標(biao)準(zhun)化公共信息圖(tu)(tu)形符號牌(pai),設(she)(she)置了(le)景(jing)區導(dao)游(you)圖(tu)(tu),制作了(le)中英文說明牌(pai)及路標(biao)牌(pai),并移(yi)植蒼松翠柏(bo)于陵(ling)(ling)內(nei),基礎設(she)(she)施基本到(dao)位,旅游(you)要素基本完善,旅游(you)環(huan)境大(da)大(da)改善。一個莊嚴肅(su)穆,氣勢恢宏(hong),環(huan)境舒適的(de)“二(er)(er)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)”景(jing)區正喜迎華夏子(zi)孫的(de)到(dao)來。
顓頊(xu)(xu)、帝(di)(di)嚳是我國古代(dai)“五(wu)帝(di)(di)”中(zhong)的(de)兩位(wei)帝(di)(di)王(wang),距今4500年(nian)(nian)至5000年(nian)(nian)。目(mu)前,顓頊(xu)(xu)帝(di)(di)嚳陵的(de)考(kao)古發現與文(wen)(wen)獻史(shi)(shi)籍所(suo)載二(er)帝(di)(di)活動的(de)地望年(nian)(nian)代(dai)相(xiang)吻和。該(gai)陵寢歷(li)史(shi)(shi)悠久、規模(mo)宏大,文(wen)(wen)物(wu)古跡眾多(duo),文(wen)(wen)化內涵豐(feng)富,具(ju)有很(hen)高的(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)價值、科學價值、及文(wen)(wen)化藝術價值。
顓頊、帝嚳陵為帝王(wang)陵寢(qin)
顓(zhuan)頊(xu)、帝(di)嚳(ku)陵(ling)地處黃河(he)中下(xia)游,與文(wen)獻史籍所載顓(zhuan)頊(xu)、帝(di)嚳(ku)活動的地望年代(dai)(dai)相吻和(he),且有百余通歷代(dai)(dai)祭祀碑(bei)碣(jie)佐證,此處為帝(di)王陵(ling)寢(qin)(qin)確切無疑,并有豐富的文(wen)物古跡和(he)文(wen)化(hua)內涵,對(dui)于研(yan)究古代(dai)(dai)陵(ling)寢(qin)(qin)提供了珍貴的實物資料。
二帝陵遺(yi)址是(shi)一處有(you)重大學術價值的古文化遺(yi)址
陵寢內發(fa)現了(le)仰韶文(wen)化時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)泥質(zhi)和(he)夾砂紅(hong)頂(ding)陶片、證明為(wei)一(yi)處仰韶文(wen)化遺址(zhi)無疑,并發(fa)現了(le)龍山時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化遺物。此地為(wei)古代(dai)頓丘所在地,距此25公里的(de)(de)(de)濮(pu)陽(yang)西水坡(po)遺址(zhi)中,發(fa)現了(le)仰韶時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)葬,內有(you)用蚌殼(ke)堆(dui)塑的(de)(de)(de)龍虎圖形,與傳說中“五帝”時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)年代(dai)相一(yi)致,對于我(wo)國史(shi)(shi)前史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)研究和(he)夏(xia)、商、周斷(duan)代(dai)工(gong)程都有(you)十分重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)意義。
御祭(ji)碑碣(jie)數量之多,為我國古代帝王陵寢較少
陵(ling)寢已(yi)發現歷(li)代帝王及民間的祭祀碑(bei)碣165通,這(zhe)在我國古(gu)代帝王帝陵(ling)中是不(bu)多見的,證明了華夏民族對顓頊、帝嚳的尊崇。這(zhe)些碑(bei)碣不(bu)僅是研究歷(li)代官(guan)職、地域風俗、政區沿革(ge)的重要資(zi)料。同時,也是難得的書法藝術和石(shi)刻(ke)藝術瑰(gui)寶。