普定水(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)位于烏(wu)江上游(you)南(nan)源(yuan)三岔河的中(zhong)游(you)、貴(gui)州省普定縣境內,距貴(gui)陽(yang)市131km。本工程以 發(fa)電為主,兼有(you)供水(shui)(shui)、灌溉、養殖(zhi)及旅游(you)等(deng)綜合效益(yi)。電站(zhan)裝機容量7.5萬kW(3×2.5),保(bao)證出力(li)1.5萬kW,年平均發(fa)電量3.4億(yi)kW·h,主要滿足普定、織金等(deng)地(di)區用電,還可增(zeng)加下游(you)東風、烏(wu)江渡等(deng)電站(zhan)保(bao)證出力(li)約4萬kW。
歷史
介紹
普(pu)定(ding)水(shui)電(dian)站于(yu)1995年(nian)(nian)建成發(fa)電(dian),裝有(you)3臺25MW水(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組。設計多年(nian)(nian)平均發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)3.16kW.h,年(nian)(nian)利用小時約4,213h。從(cong)普(pu)定(ding)水(shui)電(dian)站1996年(nian)(nian)至2003年(nian)(nian)運(yun)行情況看,8年(nian)(nian)間水(shui)庫累計來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)327.8億立(li)方米(mi),其中發(fa)電(dian)用水(shui)195.66億立(li)方米(mi),占(zhan)總來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)59.7%,泄洪棄(qi)水(shui)132.14億立(li)方米(mi),占(zhan)總來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)40.3%。為提(ti)高水(shui)能資源(yuan)的(de)(de)利用率,有(you)利于(yu)上(shang)下游電(dian)站的(de)(de)協調運(yun)行,董事(shi)會(hui)建議(yi),開(kai)展普(pu)定(ding)水(shui)電(dian)站擴機(ji)1臺50MW發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組的(de)(de)前期(qi)準備(bei)工作。
發展
普(pu)(pu)定水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站下(xia)游為(wei)引(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站,該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)3臺120MW水(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)動(dong)機(ji),已(yi)于(yu)2003年(nian)實現投(tou)(tou)產(chan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。引(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站具(ju)有(you)(you)季調節性能(neng),正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)位1,086m,死水(shui)(shui)位1,052m,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)360MW,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站最(zui)(zui)大引(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)流量(liang)(liang)435立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒。普(pu)(pu)定水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站最(zui)(zui)大引(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)流量(liang)(liang)為(wei)188立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,兩者相(xiang)差247立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,而普(pu)(pu)定至引(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡的區間(jian)流量(liang)(liang)僅(jin)18.8立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒。 普(pu)(pu)定水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站擴(kuo)(kuo)機(ji)后,將增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的引(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)流量(liang)(liang),提高(gao)引(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)頭和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)益,有(you)(you)利于(yu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的日運(yun)行(xing)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式,同時有(you)(you)利于(yu)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)(liang)。擴(kuo)(kuo)機(ji)規模裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)1臺50MW,年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)約5,000萬kwh以(yi)上,單位電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)約1.6元(yuan)/kwh左右。經初(chu)步測算,擴(kuo)(kuo)機(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)約10,000萬元(yuan),資(zi)(zi)金來源于(yu)自有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)金。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)1991年(nian)列(lie)入(ru)國(guo)家年(nian)度基建計劃開工(gong)(gong)項目,工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)由國(guo)家能(neng)源投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)公司(si)與貴(gui)(gui)州省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)局合資(zi)(zi)建設。由貴(gui)(gui)州省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)局負責工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設及籌集資(zi)(zi)金,并履(lv)行(xing)業主職(zhi)責。 主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang):土石(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)開挖(wa)為(wei)27萬余(yu)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),混凝土為(wei)21萬余(yu)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),總(zong)工(gong)(gong)期4年(nian),總(zong)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)1.93億(yi)元(yuan)。
庫區地形地質
庫區地處灰巖地區,巖溶發育。庫區兩岸有相對隔水層包圍,且北與六沖河、南與北盤江均有地下分水嶺存在,水位高程均遠高于正常蓄水位,不會產生鄰谷滲漏。岸坡基巖成層分布,傾角平緩(huan),不存在岸坡坍滑問題。壩(ba)址(zhi)位于灰巖(yan)和(he)白云巖(yan)地段,兩岸陡峻,巖(yan)層走向N35°~40°E,傾向NW,傾角18°~20°。壩址主要斷(duan)層有20條,大多(duo)為高(gao)角度平移斷(duan)層,斷(duan)距小,影響帶窄,規(gui)模不大,延伸(shen)不遠,且大多(duo)膠結良好。大壩(ba)帷幕采用懸掛布(bu)置,處理(li)深度以單(dan)位(wei)吸水率小于3Alu(呂容)的(de)界限為(wei)下限。壩區地震烈度(du)為(wei)6度(du)。
設計
壩址(zhi)控制流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)5871平(ping)(ping)方公里。流(liu)(liu)(liu)域內雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)豐沛,多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)1181mm。壩址(zhi)實測(ce)最大流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang) 為(wei)3380立(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao),實測(ce)最小流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)8.8立(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao),壩址(zhi)多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)38.8億(yi)立(li)方米(mi),多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei) 123立(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao),多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)輸沙量(liang)(liang)為(wei)406萬t,多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)懸(xuan)沙量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1.042kg/立(li)方米(mi)。
庫區(qu)地(di)處灰(hui)巖(yan)地(di)區(qu),巖(yan)溶發育。庫區(qu)兩岸有(you)(you)相對隔水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)包圍,且北與六沖河、南與北盤江均有(you)(you) 地(di)下分水(shui)(shui)嶺存在(zai),水(shui)(shui)位(wei)高程均遠高于正常蓄水(shui)(shui)位(wei),不(bu)會產(chan)生鄰谷(gu)滲(shen)漏。岸坡(po)基巖(yan)成層(ceng)(ceng)分布,傾(qing)角(jiao)平(ping)緩,不(bu)存在(zai)岸坡(po)坍滑問(wen)題。壩(ba)址(zhi)位(wei)于灰(hui)巖(yan)和(he)白云巖(yan)地(di)段,兩岸陡峻,巖(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)走(zou)向(xiang)N35°-40°E,傾(qing)向(xiang)NW,傾(qing)角(jiao)18°-20°。壩(ba)址(zhi)主要斷(duan)層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)(you)20條,大(da)(da)多為(wei)高角(jiao)度(du)平(ping)移斷(duan)層(ceng)(ceng),斷(duan)距小(xiao),影響帶窄,規模不(bu)大(da)(da),延(yan)伸(shen)不(bu)遠,且大(da)(da)多膠結良好(hao)。大(da)(da)壩(ba)帷幕采(cai)用懸掛布置,處理(li)深度(du)以單位(wei)吸(xi)水(shui)(shui)率小(xiao)于3Alu(呂容)的界(jie)限為(wei)下限。壩(ba)區(qu)地(di)震烈度(du)為(wei)6度(du)。
水(shui)庫正常蓄(xu)水(shui)位為(wei)1145m,總庫容4.2億立方米(mi),庫區(qu)淹(yan)沒面積為(wei)14平方公里,遷移人口5466人,淹(yan)沒耕地7600畝。整個(ge)樞紐(niu)由碾(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)拱壩(ba)(ba)、壩(ba)(ba)頂溢(yi)洪(hong)道、沖沙(sha)孔、右岸引水(shui)式地面廠房等建筑物組成。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)采(cai)用單心(xin)圓拱壩(ba)(ba),呈(cheng)不對稱(cheng)布置,右岸設有(you)30m長(chang)(chang)的重力墩。中部設有(you)4孔寬(kuan)12.5m、高(gao)(gao)16m的表孔,采(cai)用高(gao)(gao)低(di)坎分流(liu)對撞(zhuang)消能(neng)。最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)75m,壩(ba)(ba)頂弧長(chang)(chang)165.67,壩(ba)(ba)頂總長(chang)(chang)195.67,壩(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)6.3,厚(hou)高(gao)(gao)比為(wei)1∶0.386。筑壩(ba)(ba)采(cai)用高(gao)(gao)摻(chan)粉煤灰(hui)低(di)水(shui)泥用量干硬性碾(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu),并由碾(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)自身(shen)防滲。壩(ba)(ba)體混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)量13萬余立方米(mi)。
右岸引水系(xi)統(tong)由進水塔、引水隧洞(dong)、壓(ya)力斜井和壓(ya)力管(guan)道(dao)組成(cheng),全長(chang)290m,最(zui)大洞(dong)徑8m。岔管(guan)采(cai)用鋼筋混凝土岔管(guan)。廠(chang)房(fang)位于壩下游(you)160m處,由主機間、安(an)裝間、上游(you)副廠(chang)房(fang)、左副廠(chang)房(fang),進廠(chang)交通洞(dong)及電梯(ti)塔組成(cheng)。
由于河谷狹窄(zhai),洪枯水(shui)位變幅(fu)大,廠房(fang)采用半(ban)封閉式(shi)布置(zhi)。長76.6,最(zui)大寬32.6。開關(guan)站布置(zhi)在廠房(fang)后(hou)坡,長120m,寬38m。施工(gong)導(dao)流采用隧洞(dong)導(dao)流方案,導(dao)流設計流量為(wei)560立方米/秒。上、下游圍堰為(wei)土石(shi)過水(shui)圍堰,最(zui)大堰高19.5。導(dao)流洞(dong)全長470m,洞(dong)身不(bu)襯(chen)砌。
運行發電
由(you)國電(dian)(dian)紅楓(feng)水力發電(dian)(dian)廠代管的(de)(de)普定水電(dian)(dian)站發電(dian)(dian)量已達到3.141548億(yi)千瓦時(shi)(shi),提前67天圓滿完成(cheng)年計劃3.14億(yi)千瓦時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)任務。
三岔河流域降雨相對平(ping)穩,來水(shui)(shui)基(ji)本接近正常年份,水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)運(yun)行情況正常。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)來水(shui)(shui)量共(gong)計320413.7萬(wan)立方(fang)米,比(bi)去年同期多75475.2萬(wan)立方(fang)米。汛期,電站(zhan)與水(shui)(shui)工(gong)值(zhi)班人員(yuan)密切配合,合理(li)調度(du)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku),充分利(li)用發電“消水(shui)(shui)”,合理(li)利(li)用沖(chong)沙(sha)底孔泄水(shui)(shui),采用“多開少放”的方(fang)法,將水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)維(wei)持在較(jiao)高水(shui)(shui)位運(yun)行,在多蓄了水(shui)(shui)的同時,也提高了水(shui)(shui)能利(li)用率,為電站(zhan)多發電奠定了基(ji)礎。
在(zai)總廠(chang)的統一安(an)排(pai)和指導下,電站配合機電公司在(zai)汛前完成(cheng)了(le)1號(hao)機大修、1號(hao)蝶閥大修等大型工作,消除(chu)了(le)影(ying)響安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產的重大缺陷,確(que)保(bao)了(le)主設(she)備的安(an)全(quan)可(ke)靠性;通過全(quan)站職工共同努力(li),認真開(kai)展(zhan)以“加強管理、確(que)保(bao)安(an)全(quan)、提(ti)高效益”為目標的“管理效益年活(huo)動(dong)”,高度重視安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產及(ji)計(ji)量管理工作,加強設(she)備消缺及(ji)運行維(wei)護管理,為發電任務的完成(cheng)提(ti)供了(le)有力(li)的保(bao)證。
技術維修
水電站對(dui)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機進行(xing)了改造(zao)(zao)和(he)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)。有關專(zhuan)家結合(he)普(pu)定水電站液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機改造(zao)(zao)和(he)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)工作的(de)經驗,解決了液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機閘門(men)開啟(qi)(qi)至工作高位時啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機不能(neng)鎖(suo)定、閘門(men)下滑量很大(da)的(de)原(yuan)因,并介紹相應解決問(wen)題的(de)措施(shi)。