介紹
水庫位于(yu)區域構造相對穩(wen)定的地(di)區,區內出露的地(di)層主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)下(xia)元古界的混(hun)合花(hua)崗巖、混(hun)合巖及角閃斜(xie)長(chang)片麻(ma)巖等,侵入巖主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)元古界的混(hun)合花(hua)崗巖、花(hua)崗閃長(chang)巖等。區內構造斷裂以南北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斷裂為主(zhu)(zhu),規模較大(da),其(qi)次(ci)為北(bei)(bei)東(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)西(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及北(bei)(bei)西(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斷裂。區域性的牡丹江斷裂通過壩址左岸埡口,向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南伸入庫區,向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)(bei)延至下(xia)游,但無現代活動跡象。經遼寧省地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)局鑒定,基本地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)烈度為6度。
庫(ku)區兩岸(an)山(shan)勢高(gao)峻,無相鄰河(he)(he)(he)谷(gu)及(ji)單薄(bo)分水(shui)(shui)嶺(ling)。構(gou)成庫(ku)區的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)石主要為弱透水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)花崗巖(yan)或(huo)混(hun)合花崗巖(yan),且地(di)下水(shui)(shui)位較高(gao),無永久性滲漏問題。壩(ba)區河(he)(he)(he)谷(gu)為一(yi)不(bu)對稱的(de)(de)(de)U型谷(gu),平水(shui)(shui)期江水(shui)(shui)面寬約(yue)155m。右岸(an)為凹(ao)岸(an),因受河(he)(he)(he)流強烈沖刷,沿江形(xing)成基巖(yan)裸露的(de)(de)(de)陡壁(bi),比高(gao)達90~180m。左岸(an)為凸岸(an),分布有漫(man)灘和(he)Ⅰ、Ⅱ級階地(di),壩(ba)頭(tou)處(chu)為一(yi)近東西(xi)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)條形(xing)山(shan)脊。壩(ba)頭(tou)后(hou)部(bu)山(shan)脊由于F1大斷層通(tong)過,巖(yan)石風化(hua)破碎,構(gou)成一(yi)低矮的(de)(de)(de)埡口,埡口左側山(shan)體逐漸升高(gao)加厚。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)位218m,水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)回水(shui)(shui)長度99.9km,淹沒范圍(wei)涉及(ji)2個(ge)縣2個(ge)鄉,總計淹沒耕(geng)地(di)10.94萬畝,需遷移(yi)人(ren)口40725人(ren)。
電站屬(shu)一等工(gong)程(cheng),樞紐(niu)由攔(lan)河壩(ba)(ba)(包括大壩(ba)(ba)和二(er)壩(ba)(ba))、溢洪(hong)道(dao)和引水(shui)發電系(xi)統(tong)等組成(cheng)。大壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)鋼筋混凝(ning)土面板堆石壩(ba)(ba),下游在(zai)高(gao)程(cheng)200m設一寬3m的(de)馬道(dao),在(zai)高(gao)程(cheng)173m有一寬10m的(de)進廠公路(lu)。
堆石(shi)壩體從上(shang)游(you)到(dao)下(xia)游(you)分為墊層區(qu)(qu)、細堆石(shi)過(guo)渡區(qu)(qu)、主堆石(shi)區(qu)(qu)及下(xia)游(you)堆石(shi)區(qu)(qu),在周(zhou)邊縫下(xia)設(she)填筑小(xiao)區(qu)(qu),另外在面板(ban)上(shang)游(you)側下(xia)部(bu)設(she)粘土鋪(pu)蓋及保護區(qu)(qu)。趾板(ban)最大(da)寬度(du)6m,厚0.6m,趾板(ban)和面板(ban)之間設(she)置周(zhou)邊縫。通過(guo)趾板(ban)進行灌(guan)漿。帷幕灌(guan)漿為一排孔布置,最大(da)深度(du)約25m,固(gu)結灌(guan)漿于帷幕孔上(shang)下(xia)游(you)各(ge)一排,孔深一般為6m。壩址地處寒(han)冷山區(qu)(qu),多(duo)年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)3.2℃,極端最低氣溫(wen)是—45.2℃,極端最高氣溫(wen)37.5℃。
二壩(ba)為粘土心墻砂礫石壩(ba),布置在(zai)左(zuo)岸低矮埡口(kou)處,心墻建(jian)基于呈塊狀的全風化巖(yan)下(xia)部,通過心墻底(di)板(ban)進行(xing)灌(guan)漿(jiang),向右與(yu)大壩(ba)帷(wei)幕相接,向左(zuo)壩(ba)肩延長(chang)約120m,另外在(zai)F1大斷層破碎(sui)帶加強灌(guan)漿(jiang)。溢洪道(dao)位(wei)于右岸低分(fen)水(shui)嶺處,為開敞式岸坡(po)溢洪道(dao),由引水(shui)渠、溢流堰體(ti)、泄槽、挑流鼻坎及(ji)出水(shui)渠組成。
該(gai)工程采用一(yi)(yi)次斷(duan)流(liu)、隧洞(dong)(dong)導(dao)流(liu)方案(an),導(dao)流(liu)洞(dong)(dong)進(jin)、出(chu)口(kou)及廠房圍堰(yan)為粘土心墻(qiang)(qiang)土石(shi)圍堰(yan),大壩上游圍堰(yan)為粘土斜墻(qiang)(qiang)土石(shi)圍堰(yan),按(an)10年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪水設計(ji),2條導(dao)流(liu)洞(dong)(dong)為直徑13.7m的圓形斷(duan)面(mian)。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)先填筑導(dao)流(liu)隧洞(dong)(dong)進(jin)、出(chu)口(kou)及廠房圍堰(yan),江(jiang)(jiang)水從(cong)束窄的河(he)床過流(liu),第(di)(di)三年(nian)汛末主河(he)床截流(liu),江(jiang)(jiang)水由兩條導(dao)流(liu)隧洞(dong)(dong)宣泄,第(di)(di)五年(nian)下(xia)閘蓄水,工程總工期67個(ge)月(yue)。
蓮花(hua)水電站(zhan)是中國目前在寒冷地(di)區修建的一(yi)座(zuo)混凝土面板(ban)堆石壩,每年施工期不足7個月。冬季(ji)石料(liao)開采或制備不停工,需解(jie)決負(fu)溫(wen)下不灑水的壩體填筑(zhu)質量控制問題(ti)。
總工程量為土(tu)(tu)石方開(kai)挖624.48萬(wan)m3,土(tu)(tu)石方填筑590萬(wan)m3,混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑49.69萬(wan)m3。工程總投(tou)資19.5億。淹沒(mei)耕地1295.5hm2,遷移人口40725人。
工程設計
大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)位于主(zhu)河(he)床,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)型為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)面(mian)板堆石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)71sm,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長(chang)(chang)度(du)902om,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬度(du)8om,面(mian)板總面(mian)積75400 mZ,大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)上(shang)下(xia)游邊坡1:1.4。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)礎鋪有(you)2om厚的(de)排水層.壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體填(tian)筑(zhu)390萬(wan)m3。筑(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba) 堆石(shi)料為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)混(hun)合(he)花(hua)崗巖(yan),其強風化(hua)(hua)下(xia)部至徽新巖(yan)體的(de)濕 抗(kang)壓強度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)51.0-150 MPa。周邊縫(feng)設(she)3道止水,勃土(tu)(tu)心(xin)墻(qiang)堆石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)47Zm,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長(chang)(chang)度(du)332m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬 8om,上(shang)下(xia)游壩(ba)(ba)(ba)坡均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)l,2.0、1:2.25,薪土(tu)(tu)心(xin)墻(qiang)頂(ding)寬4Om,上(shang)下(xia)游坡比1:0.2,貓(mao)(mao)土(tu)(tu)心(xin)墻(qiang)的(de)土(tu)(tu)料為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)左岸的(de)貓(mao)(mao)土(tu)(tu)和(he)粉質(zhi)貓(mao)(mao)土(tu)(tu),滲(shen)透(tou)系數1.7xlo’scm/S、設(she)計干密度(du)1.62kg/cm。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)殼(ke)料為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)溢(yi)洪道開挖強風化(hua)(hua) 混(hun)合(he)花(hua)崗巖(yan)和(he)部分砂(sha)礫石(shi)料。開敞式溢(yi)洪道位于右岸的(de)山體婭口處,溢(yi)流(liu)前沿 總長(chang)(chang)度(du)130m,溢(yi)洪道由溢(yi)流(liu)堰、泄槽和(he)挑流(liu)棄(qi)坎組 成(cheng),全長(chang)(chang)990m。溢(yi)洪道最大(da)(da)泄量(liang)18570 m3/s,共7孔設(she)有(you)16 mX13.4m弧形(xing)工作門和(he)平板檢修門。
引(yin)水(shui)(shui)發電系統(tong)位于(yu)右岸(an)(an),采(cai)用(yong)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)接地面(mian)廠(chang)房布置型式(shi)。引(yin)水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)進(jin)口位于(yu)右岸(an)(an)大壩(ba)上游200m的陡(dou)崖處。兩條引(yin)水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)均采(cai)用(yong)岸(an)(an)塔式(shi)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口,進(jin)水(shui)(shui)塔高62sm,進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口前沿設有4扇6mx33m活動攔污柵(zha),每(mei)個進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口設計流量662 m3/s,設有兩扇6m沐(mu)14 m平(ping)板檢修(xiu)門及固(gu)定式(shi)卷揚(yang)啟(qi)閉機。兩條引(yin)水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)均為(wei)圓型鋼(gang)筋混凝土襯砌斷面(mian),隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)埋深70一160m,內徑(jing)13.7m,1號(hao)和2號(hao)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)分別長620.54m和493.98m。
引(yin)水隧洞末端均(jun)設(she)有一座阻抗式調(diao)壓(ya)井。調(diao)壓(ya)井高94.02m,橫斷面(mian)為(wei)復式雙圓弧型。4條(tiao)(tiao)壓(ya)力管(guan)道從井后接(jie)出,壓(ya)力管(guan)道直徑為(wei)8.4m,每條(tiao)(tiao)長140m,壓(ya)力管(guan)道埋深(shen)一般為(wei)50-80m,采 用鋼(gang)板襯砌(qi)。
岸邊地面(mian)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)由主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)、副廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)、變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站和開關(guan)站組成。主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)尺寸為(wei)162.5 rnx29m只55.98m(長(chang)火(huo) 寬x高)。安裝4臺137.5 MW的水輪發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組。發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)層與地面(mian)齊平。4臺主(zhu)變(bian)(bian)壓器布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)廠(chang)后平臺。開關(guan)站布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)左側(ce)(ce),中(zhong)控室(shi)布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)再廠(chang)左側(ce)(ce)安裝間和開關(guan)站之間。
施工技術
壩體填(tian)筑施工技(ji)術
壩體填(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)前采用15.5 t振(zhen)動碾(nian)(nian)(nian)將砂礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)基礎碾(nian)(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)6遍(bian)。小區料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)由(you)鍔(e)式(shi)破(po)碎(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)破(po)碎(sui)(sui)后,再(zai)摻入(ru)15%~20%的(de)天(tian)然(ran)河砂;冬季(ji)施工因碾(nian)(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)時不(bu)(bu)(bu)能灑(sa)水(shui),摻25%~30%的(de)人(ren)工破(po)碎(sui)(sui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)粉,填(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)時由(you)人(ren)工攤(tan)(tan)鋪,層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)(hou)0.15 m,15.5 t振(zhen)動碾(nian)(nian)(nian)靜碾(nian)(nian)(nian)16遍(bian)。墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)由(you)鍔(e)式(shi)破(po)碎(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)破(po)碎(sui)(sui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),破(po)碎(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)規格(ge)200×400、400×600、600×900共6臺,最大(da)生產(chan)能力每班為(wei)(wei)(wei)702 m3。為(wei)(wei)(wei)滿足細(xi)顆料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)含(han)(han)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu),常溫季(ji)節(jie)摻入(ru)15%~20%天(tian)然(ran)河砂。超(chao)徑(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)3%。含(han)(han)泥量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)3%。人(ren)工攤(tan)(tan)鋪鋪層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)(hou)0.4 m,并向上(shang)游(you)側超(chao)填(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)于15 cm,常溫下灑(sa)水(shui)20%,15.5 t振(zhen)動碾(nian)(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)10遍(bian)。采用反擊式(shi)碎(sui)(sui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)生產(chan)最大(da)粒(li)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2cm的(de)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),含(han)(han)水(shui)率1.7%~2.3%,含(han)(han)泥量(liang)極少(不(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)0.5%),受凍后不(bu)(bu)(bu)易結(jie)塊,是良(liang)好的(de)細(xi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)來源。摻配比例(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)粗碎(sui)(sui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)∶細(xi)碎(sui)(sui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(含(han)(han)石(shi)(shi)(shi)粉)∶水(shui)洗砂=4∶1∶1,滿足了設計要(yao)求(qiu),解決了大(da)壩墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)冬季(ji)填(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)施工的(de)難題。過(guo)(guo)渡(du)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)采石(shi)(shi)(shi)場爆破(po)開采,剔除大(da)于30 cm的(de)超(chao)徑(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),用4 m3電鏟及(ji)3 m3裝載機(ji)(ji)裝、15 t~20 t自(zi)卸(xie)汽(qi)車進行運輸(shu)。填(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)采用后退法(fa)卸(xie)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),用180 hp推(tui)土(tu)機(ji)(ji)攤(tan)(tan)平,人(ren)工配合(he),鋪層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)(hou)0.4m。主(zhu)、次(ci)(ci)堆石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)分別來自(zi)溢洪道和(he)采石(shi)(shi)(shi)場及(ji)洞挖料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),由(you)4 m3電鏟及(ji)4 m3~6m3裝載機(ji)(ji)裝、15 t~42 t自(zi)卸(xie)汽(qi)車進行運輸(shu),進占法(fa)卸(xie)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),推(tui)土(tu)機(ji)(ji)攤(tan)(tan)平,鋪層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)(hou)主(zhu)堆為(wei)(wei)(wei)60 cm、80cm、次(ci)(ci)堆為(wei)(wei)(wei)100cm、120cm,15.5t振(zhen)動碾(nian)(nian)(nian)碾(nian)(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)。在實際(ji)填(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong),最大(da)日(ri)填(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)強(qiang)度(du):墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)達(da)(da)1240m3/d,過(guo)(guo)渡(du)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)達(da)(da)1500m3/d,堆石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)達(da)(da)14000m3/d。
面板混凝土施(shi)工技術(shu)
無(wu)軌滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)模模具設(she)計制(zhi)作(zuo) 自行設(she)計制(zhi)作(zuo)無(wu)軌滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)模設(she)施(shi)(shi),據(ju)砼面板(ban)(ban)(ban)寬度(du)考慮兩種規格(ge).滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)模設(she)施(shi)(shi)主要由滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)模板(ban)(ban)(ban)、側模板(ban)(ban)(ban)、各(ge)種專用(yong)(yong)運輸(shu)臺(tai)車、混凝土拌合運輸(shu)機(ji)具和提(ti)升運輸(shu)機(ji)具等構(gou)成.滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)模板(ban)(ban)(ban)骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)桁架(jia)(jia)(jia)式(shi),由63.5mm×5mm鋼管焊制(zhi),每(mei)榀(pin)桁架(jia)(jia)(jia)高0.61m,長15m(用(yong)(yong)于14 m寬面板(ban)(ban)(ban)),桁架(jia)(jia)(jia)中心距0.4m,共4榀(pin),各(ge)榀(pin)桁架(jia)(jia)(jia)間(jian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)系桿連(lian)接。由于面板(ban)(ban)(ban)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)面積較(jiao)大,考慮其抗磨耐(nai)久性,滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)模面板(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)10mm厚(hou)鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)。滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)模板(ban)(ban)(ban)尺寸(14 cm板(ban)(ban)(ban)寬)為1.6 m×15m.滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)模板(ban)(ban)(ban)重(zhong)量(liang)為4.032t,滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)升時根據(ju)上浮情(qing)況加鋼筋(jin)作(zuo)配(pei)重(zhong)。側模結(jie)構(gou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)50×5角鋼焊制(zhi)成框(kuang)架(jia)(jia)(jia),人工(gong)安拆側模每(mei)節長2m。每(mei)套側模可(ke)周轉使(shi)用(yong)(yong),由布設(she)在壩(ba)頂的2臺(tai)5t卷(juan)揚機(ji)牽引,卷(juan)揚機(ji)由埋入(ru)堆(dui)石內(nei)的簡易地錨固定(ding)。
面板砼澆筑
⑴混凝土配合(he)比:
根據(ju)面板滑(hua)模砼(tong)(tong)的施工要求(qiu),大壩水泥的mgo含量偏高(gao)(gao)使砼(tong)(tong)具有(you)(you)微膨脹(zhang)性(xing),可以抵消砼(tong)(tong)的大部分收(shou)縮變形(xing), sk引氣減水劑對提高(gao)(gao)砼(tong)(tong)抗凍性(xing)能效果顯(xian)著,有(you)(you)不透水性(xing)和抗裂性(xing),增加(jia)砼(tong)(tong)與鋼筋(jin)的握裹強度的特性(xing)。
⑵周邊縫瀝青砂墊層施工
瀝(li)青砂(sha)墊層施(shi)工(gong)(gong)分兩(liang)種:一種是預先制成(cheng)(cheng)塊,每塊長約30 cm,運至現場作業面(mian)(mian)安裝,各塊間隙用(yong)熱(re)瀝(li)青灌注;變形(xing)模量(liang)80~100mpa,瀝(li)青砂(sha)在5~37.5℃的(de)氣溫下進行澆(jiao)注不堆坡(po)(po),并(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)1∶1.4邊坡(po)(po),進行了試(shi)驗(yan).試(shi)驗(yan)初,曾采(cai)用(yong)粉煤灰、石棉和砂(sha)摻合(he)料,把摻合(he)料改為(wei)水泥(ni)和河砂(sha)。一期(qi)面(mian)(mian)板砼(tong)(tong)(tong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(即(ji)高(gao)程(cheng)197.5 m以下,板塊最大斜長81.3m),完成(cheng)(cheng)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)18348 m3,面(mian)(mian)板面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)42008 m2,最大滑(hua)(hua)升(sheng)速度為(wei)4.6 m/h;二期(qi)面(mian)(mian)板砼(tong)(tong)(tong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(即(ji)高(gao)程(cheng)197.5m~208.0m),完成(cheng)(cheng)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)2339m3,面(mian)(mian)板面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)11492m2,最大滑(hua)(hua)升(sheng)速度為(wei)5.19 m/h。為(wei)滿足施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度要求,共制做5套滑(hua)(hua)模模具,其中(zhong)14m板寬的(de)4套,7m板寬的(de)1套。
進水口(kou)攔污(wu)柵墩砼滑(hua)模施工(gong)技術(shu)
每個進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)由5個攔(lan)(lan)污(wu)柵(zha)墩(dun)(dun)組成四孔,墩(dun)(dun)間凈距6 m,邊(bian)墩(dun)(dun)和(he)中墩(dun)(dun)斷面(mian)均為(wei)(wei)2 m×10 m,次中墩(dun)(dun)斷面(mian)均為(wei)(wei)1.4 m×10 m。為(wei)(wei)滿(man)足截流對進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)施(shi)工形象面(mian)貌(mao)要(yao)求(qiu),每個進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)5個攔(lan)(lan)污(wu)柵(zha)墩(dun)(dun)需采用整體(ti)同(tong)步滑模,制作一套模具可滿(man)足兩個進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)周(zhou)轉使用要(yao)求(qiu)。根據以(yi)往滑模施(shi)工經(jing)驗,取消(xiao)攔(lan)(lan)污(wu)柵(zha)槽二期(qi)砼,即柵(zha)槽埋件隨滑模施(shi)工逐節安裝。滑模起滑在底板形成后(hou)進(jin)行,砼水(shui)平運(yun)(yun)輸采用6m3砼攪拌運(yun)(yun)輸車.砼垂直運(yun)(yun)輸前期(qi)主要(yao)采用布置(zhi)在地(di)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)30/10園(yuan)筒(tong)型高架門(men)機吊罐入(ru)倉,后(hou)期(qi)利(li)用布置(zhi)在上(shang)(shang)部高程239m路(lu)和(he)攔(lan)(lan)污(wu)柵(zha)下游(you)高程218.5m撐墻上(shang)(shang)的(de)門(men)機吊罐入(ru)倉,塔吊吊小罐輔(fu)助作業(ye)。
調壓井井筒砼初(chu)砌滑模施工(gong)技術(shu)
每(mei)個調壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)斷(duan)面(mian)輪廓由園弧、直線和折線組(zu)成(cheng),砼襯砌后(hou)斷(duan)面(mian)短跨×長跨約為17 m×20m。自底板(ban)(ban)高(gao)(gao)程155.08m至頂(ding)部(bu)高(gao)(gao)程250m,井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒高(gao)(gao)95m。根據1996年底首機(ji)發電對2#調壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)工期要(yao)求,決(jue)定井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒砼襯砌采(cai)用(yong)滑(hua)(hua)模(mo)(mo)施工方案。考慮1#調壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)亦用(yong)此(ci)方案施工,需(xu)要(yao)設(she)計制作一套(tao)安(an)拆(chai)方便的液(ye)壓(ya)滑(hua)(hua)模(mo)(mo)模(mo)(mo)具。滑(hua)(hua)模(mo)(mo)設(she)施主(zhu)要(yao)由操作平(ping)臺(tai)、提(ti)升(sheng)機(ji)架(jia)、圍圈、模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)、砼和材料工器具運輸(shu)(shu)系統(tong)、人員(yuan)上(shang)下交通系統(tong)組(zu)成(cheng).操作平(ping)臺(tai)承重結(jie)構(gou)采(cai)用(yong)網(wang)狀鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)桁(heng)架(jia)式(shi)結(jie)構(gou),以(yi)減輕平(ping)臺(tai)本身自重。采(cai)用(yong)l75×5和l100×10角鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)焊制,提(ti)升(sheng)架(jia)安(an)裝(zhuang)兩臺(tai)千斤頂(ding)。提(ti)升(sheng)架(jia)共82個,千斤頂(ding)140個滑(hua)(hua)模(mo)(mo)。模(mo)(mo)體總(zong)重為43t。砼水(shui)(shui)平(ping)運輸(shu)(shu)采(cai)用(yong)6m3砼攪(jiao)拌運輸(shu)(shu)車(che),砼垂直運輸(shu)(shu),由于調壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)滑(hua)(hua)模(mo)(mo)從底板(ban)(ban)上(shang)開始滑(hua)(hua)升(sheng),低部(bu)位阻(zu)抗板(ban)(ban)以(yi)下采(cai)用(yong)砼泵自底洞輸(shu)(shu)送砼入倉,溜管(guan)為φ219鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan),溜管(guan)每(mei)節(jie)長2.0m,節(jie)間由法蘭連接,每(mei)節(jie)均與鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩連接牢固(gu),每(mei)節(jie)溜管(guan)承受荷載均傳到鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩上(shang),鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩錨固(gu)在井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)頂(ding)部(bu)平(ping)臺(tai)的地錨上(shang)。2#調壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒砼滑(hua)(hua)模(mo)(mo)每(mei)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)1m需(xu)安(an)裝(zhuang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋10t,鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋安(an)裝(zhuang)量大(da)且內層(ceng)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)環向鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋綁(bang)扎困難,而(er)且在高(gao)(gao)程228.5m又進行了改模(mo)(mo),對滑(hua)(hua)升(sheng)進度有一定影響。正常滑(hua)(hua)升(sheng)速度為
蓮花水電站引水隧洞砼(tong)襯(chen)砌施(shi)工技術
2.5 m/d。
引水隧洞(dong)砼(tong)襯砌(qi)施工(gong)技術(shu)
1)邊頂拱鋼模(mo)臺車
臺車模(mo)(mo)板(ban)由(you)7節模(mo)(mo)板(ban)拼裝組成,支立總長10.5m,每節模(mo)(mo)板(ban)沿環向分(fen)為5段(duan)。頂(ding)拱(gong)段(duan)為一整(zheng)體鋼模(mo)(mo),兩側邊(bian)拱(gong)段(duan)均由(you)大、小兩塊(kuai)鋼模(mo)(mo)組成。邊(bian)頂(ding)拱(gong)砼襯(chen)砌斷面的(de)(de)中心角為288.54°。在(zai)邊(bian)拱(gong)鋼模(mo)(mo)上(shang)設置砼下料操作(zuo)窗口若(ruo)干個(ge),模(mo)(mo)板(ban)收分(fen)采(cai)用機械收分(fen)系統,利用設置在(zai)頂(ding)拱(gong)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)和兩側邊(bian)拱(gong)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)液(ye)壓(ya)千斤頂(ding)和絲(si)杠進行(xing)收分(fen)。臺車底腳裝有可(ke)沿彎曲軌(gui)道行(xing)走(zou)的(de)(de)輪子8個(ge),每臺鋼模(mo)(mo)臺車重160 t。
2)底拱(gong)鋼(gang)模臺車
臺車(che)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)由6節鋼模(mo)板(ban)(ban)拼裝組成,支(zhi)立總長10.5m,每節鋼模(mo)為一整塊模(mo)板(ban)(ban),底拱鋼模(mo)上(shang)設置(zhi)下(xia)料(liao)口,6節鋼模(mo)與3根(gen)縱梁(liang)(liang)聯接(jie)形(xing)成整體模(mo)板(ban)(ban),縱橫梁(liang)(liang)之間用絲(si)杠連(lian)接(jie),通過操作絲(si)杠起(qi)落模(mo)板(ban)(ban),橫梁(liang)(liang)與聯系(xi)梁(liang)(liang)連(lian)接(jie),聯梁(liang)(liang)底部安裝4個(ge)可沿(yan)軌道行(xing)走的輪子,底拱臺車(che)重20t。
3)臺車軌道及(ji)牽引動力設施
邊(bian)頂拱(gong)鋼(gang)模臺(tai)車的軌(gui)道(dao)(dao),是在開挖底板(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)墊碎渣或小骨料,其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鋪枕木(mu),軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)qu80型鋼(gang)軌(gui).底拱(gong)鋼(gang)模臺(tai)車的軌(gui)道(dao)(dao),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在已(yi)澆邊(bian)拱(gong)砼(tong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)預埋鋼(gang)板(ban),其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)固定(ding)120工字鋼(gang)作為軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)。邊(bian)頂拱(gong)鋼(gang)模臺(tai)車采(cai)用(yong)(yong)180hp推(tui)土(tu)機牽引行(xing)走(zou)。底拱(gong)鋼(gang)模臺(tai)車采(cai)用(yong)(yong)180hp推(tui)土(tu)機或1臺(tai)5t,卷揚機牽引行(xing)走(zou)。
4)砼襯砌施工
由于(yu)進(jin)入(ru)洞(dong)(dong)內的施工通道(dao)只有進(jin)口(kou)一(yi)條,故砼整體(ti)澆(jiao)筑施工應自內向外進(jin)行(xing),每個(ge)(ge)(ge)澆(jiao)筑段長(chang)度為10.5m。采(cai)用(yong)先邊(bian)(bian)頂拱、后底拱的施工順序,每條洞(dong)(dong)邊(bian)(bian)頂拱砼襯砌分(fen)幾個(ge)(ge)(ge)襯砌單元(yuan)進(jin)行(xing),自里(li)向外逐單元(yuan)進(jin)行(xing);每個(ge)(ge)(ge)單元(yuan)長(chang)度為10個(ge)(ge)(ge)澆(jiao)筑段左右,各布置(zhi)兩臺(tai)邊(bian)(bian)頂拱鋼模(mo)臺(tai)車(che)(che),分(fen)別布置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)端部,一(yi)臺(tai)鋼筋臺(tai)車(che)(che)布置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩臺(tai)邊(bian)(bian)頂鋼模(mo)臺(tai)車(che)(che)之(zhi)間。砼運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)采(cai)用(yong)6m3砼攪(jiao)拌運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)車(che)(che)運(yun)(yun)入(ru)洞(dong)(dong)內至90m3/h砼泵車(che)(che),由砼泵車(che)(che)壓(ya)送砼入(ru)倉。用(yong)回彈(dan)儀在(zai)(zai)(zai)環(huan)縫砼上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行(xing)測試,控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)砼抗壓(ya)強(qiang)度達45kg/cm2以上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行(xing)脫模(mo)。一(yi)般(ban)需(xu)要18~24h達到脫模(mo)強(qiang)度.采(cai)用(yong)上(shang)(shang)述(shu)施工工藝,隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)砼襯砌月進(jin)尺達105m,保證了隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)施工形象(xiang)面貌的按(an)期實現(xian)。
安全監測
介紹
蓮花水(shui)電站大壩(ba)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)測系統由東北勘測設計(ji)研(yan)究院設計(ji)。大、二壩(ba)內部觀測儀器埋設和外部觀測測點澆筑隨壩(ba)體施工同步(bu)進行(xing),從1993年(nian)(nian)開始,到1997年(nian)(nian)結束。大壩(ba)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)測以變形、滲(shen)流(liu)為主,應力(li)應變為輔;施工期(qi)和運行(xing)期(qi)監(jian)測兼(jian)顧。
項目
⑴變(bian)形(xing)監測(ce):包括大、二壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)體表(biao)面(mian)水平(ping)、垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)移;大壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)體內(nei)部水平(ping)、垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)移;砼面(mian)板(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)間縫、周邊縫開合度及面(mian)板(ban)(ban)撓曲變(bian)形(xing)監測(ce)。
⑵滲流(liu)(liu)監測(ce):包括大(da)壩(ba)壩(ba)體滲透壓力;大(da)、二壩(ba)滲流(liu)(liu)量(liang)和繞(rao)壩(ba)滲流(liu)(liu)監測(ce)。
⑶應力應變監測(ce):包括大壩砼面板應力應變和溫(wen)度(du)監測(ce)。
系統布置
1、基點網
蓮花(hua)電(dian)站水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)位移(yi)(yi)監測(ce)基(ji)點網—邊角網,由(you)壩區(qu)內的13個(ge)點組成(cheng),采用(yong)T2002+DI2002全站儀按(an)國(guo)家一等三角精度(du)(du)施測(ce);垂(chui)直位移(yi)(yi)監測(ce)基(ji)點網—精密(mi)(mi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)網,由(you)壩下(xia)游區(qu)的26個(ge)點組成(cheng),采用(yong)NI002A精密(mi)(mi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)儀和銦瓦水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)尺按(an)國(guo)家一等水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)精度(du)(du)施測(ce)。電(dian)站大壩、二壩、溢洪道等建筑物的水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)、垂(chui)直位移(yi)(yi)觀測(ce)均以上(shang)述網作為基(ji)點網。
2、大、二壩監(jian)測系統(tong)布置
⑴大(da)、二壩壩體表面變形監測
蓮花大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(混凝土面(mian)板(ban)堆(dui)石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba))在面(mian)板(ban)、防(fang)浪(lang)(lang)墻(qiang)頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)公路(lu)(lu)下(xia)游(you)側(ce)、馬道及(ji)進廠公路(lu)(lu)上游(you)側(ce)平(ping)(ping)(ping)行(xing)于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線(xian)布置(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)排總(zong)計52個水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)位(wei)移(yi)永久測點;在壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)游(you)坡觀(guan)(guan)測室旁還有6個測點。二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(粘土心墻(qiang)砂(sha)礫石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba))在上游(you)坡、防(fang)浪(lang)(lang)墻(qiang)頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)公路(lu)(lu)下(xia)游(you)側(ce)及(ji)馬道處平(ping)(ping)(ping)行(xing)于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線(xian)布置(zhi)(zhi)四排總(zong)計13個水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)位(wei)移(yi)永久測點。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)位(wei)移(yi)利用邊角(jiao)網做為工作基點,采用邊角(jiao)交(jiao)會或邊長交(jiao)會法,應(ying)用T2002+DI2002按(an)二等(deng)三角(jiao)精度(du)進行(xing)觀(guan)(guan)測。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)垂(chui)直位(wei)移(yi)永久測點與水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)位(wei)移(yi)永久測點在同一(yi)測墩上。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)垂(chui)直位(wei)移(yi)利用精密水(shui)(shui)(shui)準網做為工作基點,組成閉(bi)合或附(fu)合水(shui)(shui)(shui)準路(lu)(lu)線(xian),應(ying)用NI002A精密水(shui)(shui)(shui)準儀(yi)和銦瓦水(shui)(shui)(shui)準尺按(an)二等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)準精度(du)進行(xing)觀(guan)(guan)測。
⑵大壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)體內(nei)部(bu)變(bian)形監測
取大(da)(da)壩兩個典型斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)0+170樁(zhuang)號(最大(da)(da)壩高斷(duan)面(mian)(mian))和0+496樁(zhuang)號(地質條件復雜(za)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian))做為大(da)(da)壩壩體內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)水平、垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)的觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)。在每(mei)個斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)壩下游坡▽180m、▽192m和▽205m三個高程處布(bu)置(zhi)6個內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)變形(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)室(shi),室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)布(bu)置(zhi)水平位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)和垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點總計各(ge)24個。水平位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)和垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點同組布(bu)置(zhi),同一層(ceng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點以(yi)(yi)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)主堆(dui)石體位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)為主,每(mei)層(ceng)都(dou)在過渡料與墊(dian)層(ceng)料之間布(bu)置(zhi)一個測(ce)(ce)(ce)點,以(yi)(yi)此(ci)點位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)代表面(mian)(mian)板位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi),兼測(ce)(ce)(ce)面(mian)(mian)板撓度。水平位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)采用引張線式(shi)水平位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)計,垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)采用水管式(shi)沉降(jiang)儀。觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)室(shi)外(wai)設內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)部(bu)聯系測(ce)(ce)(ce)點6個,觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)室(shi)自身位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi),以(yi)(yi)便換算出壩體內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)各(ge)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點的絕對位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)。
⑶大壩面(mian)板(ban)板(ban)間縫、周邊縫變(bian)形監(jian)測
在(zai)靠近兩岸(an)壩肩部位的(de)(de)(de)(de)張(zhang)性(xing)(xing)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)區域,各(ge)布(bu)置(zhi)2支(zhi)測縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)計(ji),觀測面(mian)板(ban)張(zhang)性(xing)(xing)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)度(du)大小(xiao);在(zai)河(he)床部位的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)性(xing)(xing)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)區域,布(bu)置(zhi)1支(zhi)測縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)計(ji),觀測面(mian)板(ban)壓(ya)性(xing)(xing)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閉合度(du)大小(xiao)。為(wei)觀測周邊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)向(xiang)位移,在(zai)河(he)床及(ji)兩岸(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)周邊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)共布(bu)置(zhi)9組三(san)向(xiang)測縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)計(ji),觀測垂(chui)直于(yu)周邊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)合、平行于(yu)周邊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滑移及(ji)垂(chui)直于(yu)面(mian)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沉(chen)降。
⑷大(da)、二壩滲流監測
在大(da)壩(ba)最大(da)壩(ba)高斷面(mian)(0+170樁號)建基面(mian)靠近上游趾板帷幕后布置4支滲壓計,用來觀測壩(ba)基滲透壓力。在二壩(ba)0+072剖面(mian),布置12支鋼(gang)弦式滲壓計,用以觀測壩(ba)體浸潤(run)線(xian)。
在(zai)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)游離壩(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線145m,利用原有下(xia)游圍堰,采用高噴灌漿形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)道阻水(shui)(shui)幕。在(zai)下(xia)游圍堰0+265樁號設(she)(she)(she)一(yi)座三(san)角形(xing)量水(shui)(shui)堰,觀測(ce)(ce)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)總滲(shen)漏量。利用二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)游壩(ba)(ba)(ba)腳(jiao)處(chu)的(de)濾水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址做排(pai)水(shui)(shui)溝,在(zai)二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)游樁號1+052處(chu)設(she)(she)(she)一(yi)座三(san)角形(xing)量水(shui)(shui)堰,觀測(ce)(ce)二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)地表滲(shen)漏量。通過在(zai)河(he)床中埋設(she)(she)(she)測(ce)(ce)壓(ya)管來測(ce)(ce)定二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基的(de)滲(shen)漏量。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)右岸(an)山體(ti)布(bu)設(she)(she)(she)7孔(kong),大(da)、二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)之間山體(ti)布(bu)設(she)(she)(she)2孔(kong),二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)左岸(an)山體(ti)布(bu)設(she)(she)(she)9孔(kong)。對(dui)大(da)、二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)兩岸(an)山體(ti)繞壩(ba)(ba)(ba)滲(shen)流量進行(xing)監測(ce)(ce),以(yi)此判斷(duan)山體(ti)的(de)穩定性,為(wei)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)安(an)全運行(xing)提供(gong)依據。
⑸大壩面板(ban)應力應變監測
在面板上選擇有(you)代表(biao)性的部(bu)位(wei)布置應(ying)變計(ji)、鋼(gang)筋計(ji)和無應(ying)力計(ji);在靠近周(zhou)邊縫的部(bu)位(wei)布置三(san)向應(ying)變計(ji)組,用于觀測面板的平面應(ying)力狀態。
自動化狀況
蓮花水電站大壩安全(quan)監測(ce)(ce)系(xi)統自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)分兩部(bu)分:一是內(nei)(nei)部(bu)監測(ce)(ce)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua),包括除位移監測(ce)(ce)之外的所有監測(ce)(ce)項(xiang)(xiang)目;二是外部(bu)監測(ce)(ce)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua),指大、二壩表面(mian)變(bian)形(xing)監測(ce)(ce)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)統。內(nei)(nei)部(bu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)統由東北(bei)勘測(ce)(ce)設計研究(jiu)院(yuan)設計并施(shi)工,目前此(ci)項(xiang)(xiang)目還未完工,僅能進(jin)行數據自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)采集。外部(bu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)統采用徠卡(ka)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)機器人進(jin)行自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)監測(ce)(ce),該(gai)項(xiang)(xiang)目正(zheng)在建設中,預計將(jiang)于今年6月(yue)投入使用。
1、內部監測(ce)自動化
大壩(ba)面板(ban)板(ban)間縫(feng)(feng)、周邊縫(feng)(feng)變(bian)形監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce);面板(ban)應力(li)應變(bian)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce);大、二壩(ba)滲流監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)均在自動化監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)系(xi)(xi)統中。在原測(ce)(ce)(ce)點處布置(zhi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量控制單元(yuan)(MCU),通(tong)過通(tong)訊電(dian)纜(lan)引至(zhi)副廠房(fang)工作室,接(jie)收上(shang)位機指令,選擇測(ce)(ce)(ce)點,采集(ji)傳感器信(xin)號。按設計將形成(cheng)一個具備(bei)數據(ju)分析處理和(he)遠程監(jian)控的自動化系(xi)(xi)統,目前剛開發到(dao)數據(ju)采集(ji)階段。數據(ju)采集(ji)系(xi)(xi)統初步運行(xing)已近兩年,其(qi)間被雷電(dian)擊壞(huai)兩次,說明采集(ji)設備(bei)防雷措施需加強。另外,由于壩(ba)址地處高寒地區(qu),冬季低溫對系(xi)(xi)統正常(chang)運行(xing)也有一定影響。
2、外部監測自動化(hua)
利(li)用(yong)壩(ba)下游(you)L4和L6兩(liang)基點(dian)做自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)監測(ce)測(ce)站,分別放置一臺徠卡TCA2003全站儀(被(bei)廠家稱為(wei)測(ce)量(liang)機器(qi)人(ren)),在大、二(er)壩(ba)壩(ba)后原測(ce)點(dian)固定棱(leng)鏡(jing),采用(yong)邊(bian)長或邊(bian)角(jiao)交會法(fa)觀(guan)測(ce),從而求得測(ce)點(dian)坐標。觀(guan)測(ce)過程中利(li)用(yong)大、二(er)壩(ba)壩(ba)頭(tou)基點(dian)L8、L9和L10作為(wei)參考點(dian),進行(xing)溫度和氣壓(ya)改正。除(chu)壩(ba)前15個測(ce)點(dian)外(wai),其(qi)余(yu)56個測(ce)點(dian)均與(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)測(ce)站通視,這(zhe)足以反映出壩(ba)體的(de)整體位移。另外(wai),也(ye)可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)人(ren)工(gong)觀(guan)測(ce)壩(ba)前測(ce)點(dian)與(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)觀(guan)測(ce)其(qi)余(yu)測(ce)點(dian)相結合的(de)半自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)方案。TCA2003機載軟件可(ke)(ke)完成水平角(jiao)、垂直角(jiao)和斜(xie)距的(de)野(ye)外(wai)觀(guan)測(ce)記錄工(gong)作,觀(guan)測(ce)中能自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)檢查各種(zhong)限(xian)差。TCA2003可(ke)(ke)與(yu)(yu)計算機相聯,實現采集控(kong)制和數據傳輸、整理(li)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua);遠期目標在牡(mu)丹江進行(xing)遠程控(kong)制。