簡介
那(nei)曲冬蟲夏草(cao)產地于(yu)(yu)在西藏(zang)那(nei)曲地區，它屬于(yu)(yu)藏(zang)蟲草(cao)中的(de)一種。從其生長環境來區分，因西藏(zang)那(nei)曲基本上(shang)都是草(cao)原(yuan)，因此那(nei)曲冬蟲夏草(cao)屬于(yu)(yu)草(cao)原(yuan)蟲草(cao)。
分布情況
西(xi)藏那(nei)曲(qu)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)是指地(di)理位置介于東經92°04′至94°10′，北緯38°40′至31°58′之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)西(xi)藏自治區那(nei)曲(qu)地(di)區那(nei)曲(qu)、嘉黎、比如(ru)、索縣(xian)、巴青、聶(nie)榮6縣(xian)現轄行政區域的(de)(de)自然環境下，天然生長的(de)(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)。一(yi)般產于海拔3600~6000米的(de)(de)西(xi)藏那(nei)曲(qu)地(di)區羌塘草(cao)(cao)原，和其他產地(di)的(de)(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)相比具有(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體粗、表面色(se)澤黃(huang)凈、子(zi)座(zuo)短、活性物質(zhi)多、無(wu)污染等特點。目前，西(xi)藏那(nei)曲(qu)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)是世界公(gong)認(ren)的(de)(de)最優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)，有(you)“極草(cao)(cao)”、“黃(huang)金草(cao)(cao)”之(zhi)稱。
采收時間
每年夏初5月(yue)中旬至6月(yue)底(di)，子(zi)(zi)座未出土，孢子(zi)(zi)未發散時(shi)挖取，曬至6-7成干，除(chu)去纖維狀的附(fu)著物及雜質，曬干或低(di)溫(wen)干燥。
儲存方法
儲存關鍵在(zai)于防(fang)(fang)潮(chao)、防(fang)(fang)蛀和(he)防(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)，把(ba)蟲(chong)草放(fang)進密封的(de)玻(bo)璃瓶，里面再放(fang)一(yi)些花椒或丹皮，然后放(fang)置在(zai)冰箱中；如果需(xu)要保存半年以(yi)上，在(zai)儲存冬(dong)蟲(chong)夏(xia)草的(de)地方旁邊還要擺放(fang)干燥劑(ji)，以(yi)更好地防(fang)(fang)潮(chao)。
形態特點
那曲冬蟲(chong)夏(xia)草相(xiang)比其他蟲(chong)草具有以下特點(dian)：
1、西藏那(nei)曲蟲(chong)草(cao)蟲(chong)體表面色(se)澤黃(huang)凈，不論蟲(chong)體大小，色(se)澤均一致(zhi)。其(qi)他產地(di)蟲(chong)草(cao)色(se)或淡，或泛紅而灰白。另外，西藏那(nei)曲所產蟲(chong)草(cao)眼(yan)睛顏(yan)(yan)色(se)為棕(zong)色(se)，青海玉(yu)樹和(he)果洛所產蟲(chong)草(cao)眼(yan)睛顏(yan)(yan)色(se)為黃(huang)色(se)，川草(cao)和(he)其(qi)它地(di)區所產的草(cao)多為紅色(se)。
2、西藏那曲(qu)蟲草無論蟲體大小，看上去均顯得粗肥勻稱，尾寬長至少5cm以上。其(qi)他產(chan)地(di)的(de)蟲草蟲體細(xi)瘦(shou)且尾細(xi)短。
3、西(xi)藏那(nei)曲蟲(chong)草(cao)蟲(chong)體(ti)和(he)尾皆透亮油(you)潤(run)，有(you)股濃酥油(you)的香味(wei)。其他產地的蟲(chong)草(cao)香味(wei)極淡(dan)，甚至只有(you)草(cao)味(wei)，且無(wu)油(you)潤(run)感。
不同產地(di)的冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)差(cha)異是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較大(da)的。西藏(zang)那(nei)曲(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、西藏(zang)林芝蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、青海(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)以及四川(chuan)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)這些不同產地(di)的蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)是(shi)(shi)有明顯區別的，采挖(wa)(wa)時間、蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)色(se)(se)和藥用價值都不同。一般(ban)從時間來說，5、6月間采集的蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)質量(liang)最好，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)越(yue)高(gao)，天氣轉暖，冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)的采挖(wa)(wa)期同樣就越(yue)晚(wan)。而且海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)越(yue)高(gao)，蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)質量(liang)也就越(yue)上乘。從地(di)形來講，陽(yang)坡的蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)相對于陰坡要好。從產區來講，西藏(zang)那(nei)曲(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)為最上乘，尤其是(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)度和大(da)小(xiao)；較差(cha)的是(shi)(shi)四川(chuan)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)，個頭較小(xiao)、顏(yan)色(se)(se)較黑(hei)、子座較長(chang)。西藏(zang)由于氣候條件差(cha)異，西藏(zang)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)采挖(wa)(wa)期比(bi)其他省區再推遲(chi)半月或一月左右。那(nei)曲(qu)地(di)區五(wu)月份蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)就已經開始生(sheng)長(chang)。
蟲(chong)草(cao)因其產(chan)地海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)度不同、品質差異(yi)較大(da)。西藏(zang)那(nei)曲(qu)(qu)是海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)最高(gao)的(de)蟲(chong)草(cao)產(chan)區(qu)，產(chan)區(qu)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)度約(yue)4500－6000米；其次(ci)是青海(hai)(hai)，產(chan)區(qu)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)度約(yue) 3000－4000米；再次(ci)是四川(chuan)和(he)其它地區(qu)，蟲(chong)草(cao)的(de)品質就較差了。色(se)(se)澤也各(ge)異(yi)，以(yi)蟲(chong)草(cao)眼(yan)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)顏(yan)色(se)(se)最明(ming)顯(xian)。西藏(zang)那(nei)曲(qu)(qu)所(suo)(suo)產(chan)蟲(chong)草(cao)眼(yan)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)顏(yan)色(se)(se)為(wei)棕色(se)(se)，青海(hai)(hai)玉(yu)樹和(he)果(guo)洛所(suo)(suo)產(chan)蟲(chong)草(cao)眼(yan)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)顏(yan)色(se)(se)為(wei)黃(huang)色(se)(se)，川(chuan)草(cao)和(he)其它地區(qu)所(suo)(suo)產(chan)的(de)草(cao)多(duo)為(wei)紅色(se)(se)。
生長過程
那曲蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)西藏(zang)高(gao)原(yuan)那曲地(di)(di)區海(hai)拔4500~6000米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)原(yuan)上(shang)。冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)簡(jian)稱蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)，是冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)真(zhen)菌寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)蝙蝠蛾幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)內，到了夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)季發育而成(cheng)。冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)因此得(de)名。真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，具有醫藥(yao)療效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)產(chan)地(di)(di)是西藏(zang)那曲和青海(hai)玉(yu)樹兩個(ge)(ge)產(chan)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)，藏(zang)曲堂冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)和同仁堂是這兩個(ge)(ge)產(chan)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表品牌，其(qi)中(zhong)以(yi)同仁堂價格最(zui)高(gao)。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)季，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)子(zi)卵產(chan)于地(di)(di)面，經過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月左(zuo)右(you)(you)孵化變成(cheng)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)后鉆入潮濕松軟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土層。土里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種真(zhen)菌孢(bao)(bao)(bao)子(zi)囊侵(qin)襲了幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，在(zai)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。經過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)冬天(tian)，到第(di)二年(nian)春天(tian)來臨，真(zhen)菌菌絲(si)開(kai)始生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，到夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)天(tian)時長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)地(di)(di)面，外(wai)觀象一(yi)(yi)(yi)根小草(cao)(cao)，這樣(yang)，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軀殼與真(zhen)菌菌絲(si)共同組成(cheng)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)”。菌孢(bao)(bao)(bao)把(ba)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)養料，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)迅速，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)四至(zhi)五(wu)厘米，菌孢(bao)(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)之內即可長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)，這時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“頭草(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)座普遍短小，顏(yan)色與飽滿(man)度(du)(du)(du)都(dou)屬上(shang)等(deng)，藥(yao)用價值最(zui)好；第(di)2～3天(tian)菌孢(bao)(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.5～2倍(bei)(bei)左(zuo)右(you)(you)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)座長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)適中(zhong)或(huo)稍稍偏長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏(yan)色與飽滿(man)度(du)(du)(du)都(dou)屬中(zhong)等(deng)或(huo)偏上(shang)，藥(yao)用價值較(jiao)好；超(chao)過(guo)(guo)3天(tian)，菌孢(bao)(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)或(huo)者以(yi)上(shang)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“尾草(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)座長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏(yan)色與飽滿(man)度(du)(du)(du)很(hen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般或(huo)較(jiao)差(cha)，藥(yao)用價值較(jiao)差(cha)。
藥用價值
性味功(gong)能：味甘，性平。有補肺(fei)益腎，止喘(chuan)咳，補精氣(qi)，扶正抑(yi)癌(ai)，提(ti)高免疫力的功(gong)能的；
主治(zhi)用(yong)法：用(yong)于咳虛喘，勞嗽咯血，陽痿(wei)遺精，腰膝酸痛。用(yong)量(liang)3-9g；
應用：
1.病后體虛，貧(pin)血(xue)，頭暈，白細(xi)胞、紅(hong)細(xi)胞減少，冬蟲夏草9g，燉童(tong)子雞吃。或燉鴨(ya)、豬(zhu)肉吃了；
2.陽痿、遺精，腰(yao)酸腿軟：冬蟲夏(xia)草、杜仲、淫羊霍、肉(rou)蓯蓉。水(shui)煎服；
3.肺結核咳血：冬蟲夏草(cao)、白芨(ji)、百部各(ge)12g，杏仁、川貝(bei)、麥冬各(ge)9g，阿(a)膠珠5g。水(shui)煎服；
4.慢(man)性(xing)腎炎：冬蟲夏草(cao)。水(shui)煎(jian)，常(chang)服(fu)。
近代(dai)醫學臨(lin)床研究證實，那曲冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草含(han)有(you)蟲(chong)(chong)草酸約(yue)7%，糖類(lei)28.9%，脂(zhi)(zhi)肪約(yue)8.4%，蛋白(bai)質約(yue)25%，脂(zhi)(zhi)肪中(zhong)(zhong)82.2%為(wei)不飽和(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪酸，此外(wai)，尚含(han)有(you)維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su)B12、麥角脂(zhi)(zhi)醇、六碳糖醇、生(sheng)物堿等(deng)。據醫學科學分(fen)析，蟲(chong)(chong)草體(ti)內含(han)蟲(chong)(chong)草酸。維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su)B12、脂(zhi)(zhi)肪、蛋白(bai)等(deng)。蟲(chong)(chong)草性(xing)甘、溫平、無毒，是著名的(de)滋(zi)補(bu)強(qiang)壯藥(yao)，常用(yong)肉類(lei)燉(dun)食，有(you)補(bu)虛(xu)(xu)健體(ti)之效(xiao)。適用(yong)于治(zhi)療(liao)肺(fei)氣虛(xu)(xu)和(he)肺(fei)腎(shen)兩虛(xu)(xu)、肺(fei)結(jie)核等(deng)所(suo)致的(de)咯(ge)血(xue)或痰中(zhong)(zhong)帶血(xue)、咳(ke)(ke)嗽。氣短、盜汗(han)等(deng)，對腎(shen)虛(xu)(xu)陽(yang)痿(wei)(wei)、腰膝酸疼等(deng)亦有(you)良好(hao)的(de)療(liao)效(xiao)，也是老年體(ti)弱者的(de)滋(zi)補(bu)佳品(pin)。現(xian)代(dai)醫學研究表(biao)明(ming)，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草吞噬腫瘤細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)能力是硒(xi)的(de)4倍，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草所(suo)含(han)蟲(chong)(chong)草素(su)能明(ming)顯增強(qiang)紅細(xi)胞(bao)粘附腫瘤細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)能力，抑(yi)制腫瘤生(sheng)長和(he)轉(zhuan)移，能明(ming)顯提升(sheng)白(bai)血(xue)球和(he)血(xue)小板數量，迅(xun)速改善放(fang)化療(liao)后的(de)嘔吐惡心、胃口差、頭發脫落、失(shi)眠等(deng)癥狀。在美國，已(yi)將冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草列為(wei)抗(kang)腫瘤新(xin)藥(yao)，進(jin)入(ru)臨(lin)床三期。此外(wai)，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草對于某些(xie)腎(shen)病與(yu)呼吸系統疾病也有(you)很好(hao)的(de)治(zhi)療(liao)作用(yong)。清代(dai)吳(wu)儀洛《本(ben)草叢(cong)新(xin)》，書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)認為(wei)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草性(xing)味甘，溫。功能補(bu)肺(fei)益腎(shen)，化痰止咳(ke)(ke)。可用(yong)之于久咳(ke)(ke)虛(xu)(xu)喘，產(chan)后虛(xu)(xu)弱、陽(yang)痿(wei)(wei)陰冷等(deng)“虛(xu)(xu)”的(de)病癥。
大腳走天下 
