簡介
那(nei)曲冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)產地(di)于(yu)在西(xi)藏那(nei)曲地(di)區，它(ta)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)藏蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)中的一種。從其生長環境來區分，因西(xi)藏那(nei)曲基本(ben)上都是草(cao)原，因此那(nei)曲冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)草(cao)原蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)。
分布情況
西(xi)藏那曲冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)是指地(di)理位置介(jie)于東經92°04′至94°10′，北緯38°40′至31°58′之(zhi)間的西(xi)藏自治區那曲地(di)區那曲、嘉黎(li)、比(bi)如(ru)、索(suo)縣(xian)、巴青、聶榮6縣(xian)現轄行政區域(yu)的自然環(huan)境下，天(tian)然生長的冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。一般產(chan)于海拔(ba)3600~6000米的西(xi)藏那曲地(di)區羌(qiang)塘草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)，和其他產(chan)地(di)的冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)相(xiang)比(bi)具(ju)有蟲(chong)(chong)體粗、表面色(se)澤黃(huang)凈、子座(zuo)短、活性(xing)物質多(duo)、無污染等特點。目前，西(xi)藏那曲冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)是世界(jie)公認的最(zui)優質的冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)，有“極(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)”、“黃(huang)金草(cao)(cao)(cao)”之(zhi)稱。
采收時間
每年夏初5月中旬至6月底，子(zi)座未(wei)(wei)出土(tu)，孢子(zi)未(wei)(wei)發散時挖(wa)取(qu)，曬(shai)至6-7成干，除(chu)去纖維狀(zhuang)的附著(zhu)物及(ji)雜質，曬(shai)干或(huo)低溫干燥。
儲存方法
儲存(cun)關(guan)鍵在于防(fang)潮(chao)、防(fang)蛀和(he)防(fang)蟲(chong)，把蟲(chong)草(cao)放(fang)進密封的玻璃瓶(ping)，里面再放(fang)一些花椒或丹皮，然后放(fang)置(zhi)在冰箱中；如(ru)果需(xu)要(yao)保存(cun)半年以上，在儲存(cun)冬蟲(chong)夏草(cao)的地方旁邊(bian)還要(yao)擺放(fang)干燥劑，以更好地防(fang)潮(chao)。
形態特點
那曲冬蟲夏草(cao)相(xiang)比其他蟲草(cao)具有以下特點：
1、西藏(zang)那(nei)(nei)曲蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)蟲(chong)體表面(mian)色(se)澤黃凈，不(bu)論(lun)蟲(chong)體大小，色(se)澤均一致(zhi)。其他(ta)產(chan)地(di)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)色(se)或(huo)淡，或(huo)泛紅(hong)而灰白(bai)。另外，西藏(zang)那(nei)(nei)曲所產(chan)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)眼睛顏色(se)為(wei)棕色(se)，青海玉樹和果洛所產(chan)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)眼睛顏色(se)為(wei)黃色(se)，川草(cao)(cao)和其它地(di)區所產(chan)的草(cao)(cao)多(duo)為(wei)紅(hong)色(se)。
2、西藏那曲蟲草(cao)無論蟲體(ti)大(da)小，看上去均顯得粗肥勻稱，尾寬(kuan)長至少5cm以上。其他(ta)產地的蟲草(cao)蟲體(ti)細瘦且尾細短。
3、西藏那曲蟲(chong)草(cao)蟲(chong)體和尾皆透(tou)亮油(you)潤，有(you)股(gu)濃(nong)酥油(you)的香味。其他(ta)產(chan)地(di)的蟲(chong)草(cao)香味極淡(dan)，甚至只有(you)草(cao)味，且無油(you)潤感。
不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)地(di)(di)的(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)差異是(shi)比較大(da)的(de)。西藏(zang)(zang)那曲(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)、西藏(zang)(zang)林芝蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)、青(qing)海蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)以(yi)及四川蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)這些不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)地(di)(di)的(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)是(shi)有(you)明顯(xian)區別的(de)，采(cai)挖(wa)時間(jian)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)體(ti)色和(he)藥(yao)用價(jia)值都(dou)不(bu)同(tong)。一般從(cong)時間(jian)來(lai)說，5、6月(yue)(yue)間(jian)采(cai)集的(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)質量(liang)最好，海拔越(yue)高，天氣(qi)轉暖，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)的(de)采(cai)挖(wa)期同(tong)樣就(jiu)越(yue)晚(wan)。而且海拔越(yue)高，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)質量(liang)也就(jiu)越(yue)上乘。從(cong)地(di)(di)形來(lai)講(jiang)，陽坡(po)的(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)相對于陰坡(po)要(yao)好。從(cong)產(chan)區來(lai)講(jiang)，西藏(zang)(zang)那曲(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)為(wei)最上乘，尤其(qi)是(shi)色度和(he)大(da)小；較差的(de)是(shi)四川蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)，個(ge)頭較小、顏色較黑、子座(zuo)較長。西藏(zang)(zang)由(you)于氣(qi)候條(tiao)件差異，西藏(zang)(zang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)采(cai)挖(wa)期比其(qi)他省(sheng)區再推(tui)遲半月(yue)(yue)或一月(yue)(yue)左右(you)。那曲(qu)地(di)(di)區五(wu)月(yue)(yue)份蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)就(jiu)已(yi)經開(kai)始生長。
蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)因其(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)地海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)度(du)不同、品質差(cha)(cha)異較(jiao)大。西藏那曲是(shi)海(hai)拔最高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)，產(chan)區(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)度(du)約4500－6000米；其(qi)(qi)(qi)次是(shi)青(qing)海(hai)，產(chan)區(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)度(du)約 3000－4000米；再次是(shi)四川和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它地區(qu)(qu)，蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)品質就較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)了。色(se)澤(ze)也各異，以(yi)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)眼(yan)睛(jing)的(de)(de)顏色(se)最明(ming)顯(xian)。西藏那曲所(suo)產(chan)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)眼(yan)睛(jing)顏色(se)為棕色(se)，青(qing)海(hai)玉樹和(he)(he)果洛所(suo)產(chan)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)眼(yan)睛(jing)顏色(se)為黃色(se)，川草(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它地區(qu)(qu)所(suo)產(chan)的(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)多為紅色(se)。
生長過程
那曲(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)在西(xi)藏高原那曲(qu)(qu)地(di)區海拔(ba)4500~6000米的(de)(de)高原上。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)簡(jian)稱(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，是(shi)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)真(zhen)菌(jun)寄生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)蝙蝠蛾幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體內(nei)，到(dao)了夏(xia)季(ji)發育(yu)而成。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)因此(ci)得名。真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)，具有(you)醫藥療(liao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產地(di)是(shi)西(xi)藏那曲(qu)(qu)和青海玉樹兩個(ge)產地(di)的(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，藏曲(qu)(qu)堂(tang)(tang)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和同(tong)仁堂(tang)(tang)是(shi)這兩個(ge)產地(di)的(de)(de)代表品牌，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)同(tong)仁堂(tang)(tang)價格最(zui)高。夏(xia)季(ji)，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)子(zi)(zi)卵產于(yu)地(di)面，經過一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)月左(zuo)(zuo)右孵化(hua)變(bian)成幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)后鉆入(ru)潮(chao)濕松軟的(de)(de)土層。土里的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種真(zhen)菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)子(zi)(zi)囊(nang)侵(qin)襲了幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，在幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體內(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。經過一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)，到(dao)第二年春天(tian)(tian)來臨，真(zhen)菌(jun)菌(jun)絲(si)開始(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，到(dao)夏(xia)天(tian)(tian)時(shi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出地(di)面，外(wai)觀象一(yi)(yi)(yi)根小草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，這樣，幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)軀殼與(yu)真(zhen)菌(jun)菌(jun)絲(si)共(gong)同(tong)組成了一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)完整的(de)(de)“冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”。菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)把蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)養料，生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)迅(xun)速(su)，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體一(yi)(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)四(si)至五厘米，菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)之內(nei)即(ji)可長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)，這時(shi)的(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“頭(tou)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)座普(pu)遍短小，顏色(se)與(yu)飽滿度(du)都屬(shu)上等，藥用價值最(zui)好(hao)；第2～3天(tian)(tian)菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體的(de)(de)1.5～2倍左(zuo)(zuo)右，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)座長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)稍稍偏長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏色(se)與(yu)飽滿度(du)都屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等或(huo)偏上，藥用價值較好(hao)；超過3天(tian)(tian)，菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)的(de)(de)2倍或(huo)者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)上，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“尾草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)座長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)較長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏色(se)與(yu)飽滿度(du)很一(yi)(yi)(yi)般或(huo)較差，藥用價值較差。
藥用價值
性味功(gong)能：味甘，性平。有補肺益腎，止喘(chuan)咳，補精氣(qi)，扶正抑癌，提(ti)高免疫力的功(gong)能的；
主治用(yong)法：用(yong)于咳虛喘，勞嗽咯血，陽痿遺精(jing)，腰膝酸痛。用(yong)量3-9g；
應用：
1.病(bing)后體(ti)虛(xu)，貧(pin)血，頭(tou)暈，白細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)、紅細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)減少，冬蟲夏草(cao)9g，燉(dun)童子雞吃。或燉(dun)鴨(ya)、豬(zhu)肉吃了(le)；
2.陽痿、遺(yi)精(jing)，腰酸(suan)腿軟：冬蟲夏草(cao)、杜(du)仲、淫羊霍、肉蓯蓉。水煎服；
3.肺結核咳血：冬蟲夏草、白芨、百部各12g，杏仁、川貝、麥冬各9g，阿(a)膠珠5g。水煎服；
4.慢性腎(shen)炎(yan)：冬蟲夏草。水煎，常服。
近(jin)代(dai)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)臨床(chuang)(chuang)研究(jiu)證實，那曲冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)含(han)有蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)酸約(yue)(yue)7%，糖(tang)類(lei)28.9%，脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪約(yue)(yue)8.4%，蛋白質約(yue)(yue)25%，脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪中82.2%為(wei)不飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪酸，此外，尚含(han)有維生素(su)B12、麥角脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)醇、六碳糖(tang)醇、生物堿等(deng)(deng)。據醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)科學(xue)(xue)分析，蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)體內含(han)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)酸。維生素(su)B12、脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪、蛋白等(deng)(deng)。蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)性甘、溫平、無毒(du)，是著名的(de)(de)(de)滋補強(qiang)壯藥(yao)，常用(yong)肉(rou)類(lei)燉食，有補虛(xu)健(jian)體之效(xiao)。適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)肺(fei)(fei)氣(qi)虛(xu)和(he)(he)肺(fei)(fei)腎兩虛(xu)、肺(fei)(fei)結核等(deng)(deng)所致的(de)(de)(de)咯(ge)血或痰中帶血、咳嗽。氣(qi)短、盜汗等(deng)(deng)，對腎虛(xu)陽(yang)痿、腰膝酸疼等(deng)(deng)亦有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)療(liao)效(xiao)，也(ye)是老年體弱者的(de)(de)(de)滋補佳品(pin)。現代(dai)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)研究(jiu)表明，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)吞噬腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤細胞(bao)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力是硒(xi)的(de)(de)(de)4倍，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)所含(han)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)素(su)能(neng)明顯增強(qiang)紅細胞(bao)粘附腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤細胞(bao)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力，抑制腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤生長(chang)和(he)(he)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，能(neng)明顯提升(sheng)白血球和(he)(he)血小板(ban)數量，迅速改(gai)善放化(hua)療(liao)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)嘔吐惡心、胃口差(cha)、頭發脫落(luo)、失眠等(deng)(deng)癥狀(zhuang)。在美國，已(yi)將冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)列為(wei)抗腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤新(xin)藥(yao)，進(jin)入臨床(chuang)(chuang)三期。此外，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)對于(yu)某些腎病與呼吸系(xi)統疾病也(ye)有很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)作用(yong)。清代(dai)吳(wu)儀洛《本草(cao)(cao)叢新(xin)》，書中認為(wei)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)性味(wei)甘，溫。功(gong)能(neng)補肺(fei)(fei)益腎，化(hua)痰止咳。可(ke)用(yong)之于(yu)久咳虛(xu)喘，產后(hou)(hou)虛(xu)弱、陽(yang)痿陰冷等(deng)(deng)“虛(xu)”的(de)(de)(de)病癥。
大腳走天下 
