簡介
那(nei)曲冬(dong)(dong)蟲夏草(cao)產地(di)于(yu)在西藏(zang)那(nei)曲地(di)區，它屬(shu)于(yu)藏(zang)蟲草(cao)中的(de)一種。從其生長(chang)環境來區分，因西藏(zang)那(nei)曲基本上都是草(cao)原，因此那(nei)曲冬(dong)(dong)蟲夏草(cao)屬(shu)于(yu)草(cao)原蟲草(cao)。
分布情況
西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)曲冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)是指地理位置介于東經92°04′至(zhi)94°10′，北緯38°40′至(zhi)31°58′之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)自(zi)治區(qu)那(nei)曲地區(qu)那(nei)曲、嘉黎、比如、索縣(xian)、巴青、聶榮6縣(xian)現轄行政區(qu)域(yu)的(de)自(zi)然(ran)環境下，天然(ran)生長(chang)的(de)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)。一(yi)般(ban)產于海拔3600~6000米(mi)的(de)西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)曲地區(qu)羌塘草(cao)原，和其他產地的(de)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)相比具有蟲(chong)體粗(cu)、表面色(se)澤黃凈、子(zi)座短、活性物質(zhi)多、無污染(ran)等特點。目前，西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)曲冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)夏(xia)(xia)是世界公認的(de)最優(you)質(zhi)的(de)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)，有“極(ji)草(cao)”、“黃金草(cao)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱。
采收時間
每年夏初5月(yue)中旬至6月(yue)底，子座(zuo)未出(chu)土，孢子未發散時挖取，曬(shai)至6-7成干，除(chu)去纖(xian)維狀(zhuang)的附(fu)著物(wu)及雜質，曬(shai)干或(huo)低溫干燥。
儲存方法
儲存關鍵在于防(fang)潮、防(fang)蛀和防(fang)蟲(chong)，把蟲(chong)草放(fang)進(jin)密封的玻璃瓶，里面再放(fang)一些花椒(jiao)或丹皮，然后放(fang)置在冰箱(xiang)中；如果需要保存半年以上(shang)，在儲存冬(dong)蟲(chong)夏草的地(di)方旁邊還要擺放(fang)干(gan)燥劑，以更好(hao)地(di)防(fang)潮。
形態特點
那曲冬蟲夏草(cao)相比其他蟲草(cao)具(ju)有以下(xia)特點：
1、西藏那曲蟲(chong)草蟲(chong)體(ti)表面色(se)澤黃凈，不論蟲(chong)體(ti)大小，色(se)澤均一致。其他產(chan)(chan)地蟲(chong)草色(se)或淡，或泛紅而灰白。另(ling)外，西藏那曲所產(chan)(chan)蟲(chong)草眼睛顏色(se)為棕色(se)，青海玉樹和(he)果洛所產(chan)(chan)蟲(chong)草眼睛顏色(se)為黃色(se)，川(chuan)草和(he)其它地區所產(chan)(chan)的草多為紅色(se)。
2、西藏那曲蟲(chong)(chong)草無論蟲(chong)(chong)體大小(xiao)，看上去均顯得粗肥勻稱，尾寬長至(zhi)少5cm以上。其(qi)他產地(di)的(de)蟲(chong)(chong)草蟲(chong)(chong)體細瘦(shou)且尾細短(duan)。
3、西藏那曲(qu)蟲草(cao)蟲體(ti)和尾(wei)皆透亮油潤，有股濃酥(su)油的香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)。其(qi)他(ta)產地的蟲草(cao)香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)極淡，甚至只有草(cao)味(wei)(wei)，且無油潤感。
不同(tong)產地(di)的(de)(de)(de)冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)差(cha)異是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)。西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)那(nei)(nei)曲蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)、西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)林芝蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)、青海蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)以(yi)及四川蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)這些不同(tong)產地(di)的(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有明(ming)顯區(qu)別的(de)(de)(de)，采挖(wa)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)體色(se)(se)和藥用價值都不同(tong)。一般從時(shi)間(jian)(jian)來說，5、6月間(jian)(jian)采集的(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)質量(liang)(liang)最(zui)好，海拔(ba)越高(gao)(gao)，天氣轉(zhuan)暖，冬蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)采挖(wa)期同(tong)樣(yang)就(jiu)越晚。而且海拔(ba)越高(gao)(gao)，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)質量(liang)(liang)也就(jiu)越上(shang)(shang)乘(cheng)。從地(di)形來講，陽(yang)坡的(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)相(xiang)對于陰坡要好。從產區(qu)來講，西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)那(nei)(nei)曲蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)為最(zui)上(shang)(shang)乘(cheng)，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)度(du)和大小；較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四川蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)，個頭較(jiao)(jiao)小、顏色(se)(se)較(jiao)(jiao)黑、子座較(jiao)(jiao)長。西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)由于氣候(hou)條件差(cha)異，西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)采挖(wa)期比(bi)其他省區(qu)再推遲半月或(huo)一月左右。那(nei)(nei)曲地(di)區(qu)五月份蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)就(jiu)已經開始(shi)生長。
蟲草(cao)因其(qi)產(chan)(chan)地海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)度不同、品質差異較大。西藏那曲是(shi)海(hai)拔最(zui)高(gao)(gao)的蟲草(cao)產(chan)(chan)區，產(chan)(chan)區海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)度約4500－6000米；其(qi)次是(shi)青海(hai)，產(chan)(chan)區海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)度約 3000－4000米；再次是(shi)四川(chuan)和(he)(he)其(qi)它(ta)地區，蟲草(cao)的品質就較差了(le)。色(se)澤(ze)也(ye)各異，以(yi)蟲草(cao)眼(yan)睛(jing)的顏色(se)最(zui)明(ming)顯。西藏那曲所(suo)產(chan)(chan)蟲草(cao)眼(yan)睛(jing)顏色(se)為(wei)棕色(se)，青海(hai)玉樹和(he)(he)果洛所(suo)產(chan)(chan)蟲草(cao)眼(yan)睛(jing)顏色(se)為(wei)黃色(se)，川(chuan)草(cao)和(he)(he)其(qi)它(ta)地區所(suo)產(chan)(chan)的草(cao)多為(wei)紅(hong)色(se)。
生長過程
那曲(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生長(chang)(chang)在(zai)西藏(zang)(zang)高(gao)原那曲(qu)地區海拔4500~6000米(mi)(mi)的(de)高(gao)原上(shang)。冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)簡稱蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，是(shi)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)真(zhen)菌(jun)寄生于(yu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)蝙蝠蛾幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體內(nei)，到了夏季發育而成。冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)因(yin)此得名。真(zhen)正的(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)均為野生，具有醫藥(yao)(yao)療(liao)效的(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產地是(shi)西藏(zang)(zang)那曲(qu)和青(qing)海玉樹(shu)兩(liang)個產地的(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，藏(zang)(zang)曲(qu)堂(tang)(tang)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和同(tong)仁堂(tang)(tang)是(shi)這(zhe)兩(liang)個產地的(de)代表(biao)品牌，其中以同(tong)仁堂(tang)(tang)價(jia)格最(zui)高(gao)。夏季，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)子(zi)(zi)卵(luan)產于(yu)地面，經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)個月左右孵化變成幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)后鉆入潮(chao)濕(shi)松軟的(de)土層(ceng)。土里(li)的(de)一(yi)種真(zhen)菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)子(zi)(zi)囊侵襲了幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，在(zai)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體內(nei)生長(chang)(chang)。經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)個冬(dong)天(tian)(tian)，到第二年春(chun)天(tian)(tian)來臨，真(zhen)菌(jun)菌(jun)絲開始生長(chang)(chang)，到夏天(tian)(tian)時(shi)長(chang)(chang)出地面，外觀象一(yi)根小草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，這(zhe)樣，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)軀(qu)殼與(yu)真(zhen)菌(jun)菌(jun)絲共同(tong)組成了一(yi)個完(wan)整的(de)“冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”。菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)把蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體作為養(yang)料，生長(chang)(chang)迅(xun)速，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體一(yi)般(ban)為四至五(wu)厘米(mi)(mi)，菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)一(yi)天(tian)(tian)之內(nei)即可長(chang)(chang)至蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體的(de)長(chang)(chang)度(du)，這(zhe)時(shi)的(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)稱為“頭草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)座(zuo)普遍短小，顏色(se)(se)與(yu)飽滿度(du)都屬(shu)上(shang)等(deng)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)價(jia)值最(zui)好(hao)；第2～3天(tian)(tian)菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)至蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體的(de)1.5～2倍左右，稱為“中草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)座(zuo)長(chang)(chang)度(du)適中或(huo)(huo)稍(shao)(shao)稍(shao)(shao)偏長(chang)(chang)，顏色(se)(se)與(yu)飽滿度(du)都屬(shu)中等(deng)或(huo)(huo)偏上(shang)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)價(jia)值較好(hao)；超過(guo)3天(tian)(tian)，菌(jun)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)至蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體長(chang)(chang)度(du)的(de)2倍或(huo)(huo)者以上(shang)，稱為“尾草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)座(zuo)長(chang)(chang)度(du)較長(chang)(chang)，顏色(se)(se)與(yu)飽滿度(du)很(hen)一(yi)般(ban)或(huo)(huo)較差，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)價(jia)值較差。
藥用價值
性味功能：味甘(gan)，性平。有補(bu)肺益腎，止喘咳(ke)，補(bu)精氣，扶正抑癌，提高免疫力的功能的；
主治用法：用于咳虛喘，勞嗽咯血，陽痿(wei)遺(yi)精(jing)，腰膝酸痛。用量3-9g；
應用：
1.病后體虛，貧血，頭(tou)暈，白(bai)細胞(bao)、紅細胞(bao)減(jian)少，冬蟲夏草9g，燉(dun)(dun)童(tong)子雞吃。或燉(dun)(dun)鴨、豬(zhu)肉(rou)吃了；
2.陽痿、遺精(jing)，腰酸腿(tui)軟：冬蟲(chong)夏(xia)草、杜仲(zhong)、淫羊(yang)霍(huo)、肉蓯蓉。水煎(jian)服；
3.肺結核咳血：冬蟲夏草(cao)、白芨、百(bai)部(bu)各(ge)12g，杏仁、川貝、麥冬各(ge)9g，阿膠珠5g。水煎服(fu)；
4.慢性腎炎：冬蟲(chong)夏草。水煎，常服(fu)。
近代(dai)(dai)(dai)醫學(xue)(xue)臨(lin)(lin)床研究證(zheng)實(shi)，那曲冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)酸(suan)約7%，糖類(lei)(lei)28.9%，脂肪約8.4%，蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質約25%，脂肪中(zhong)82.2%為不飽和(he)脂肪酸(suan)，此外，尚含(han)有(you)(you)(you)維生素B12、麥角脂醇(chun)、六(liu)碳糖醇(chun)、生物堿等(deng)。據醫學(xue)(xue)科學(xue)(xue)分析，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)內含(han)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)酸(suan)。維生素B12、脂肪、蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)等(deng)。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)性甘、溫平(ping)、無(wu)毒，是著名的滋(zi)補(bu)強壯藥(yao)，常(chang)用(yong)肉類(lei)(lei)燉食(shi)，有(you)(you)(you)補(bu)虛(xu)健(jian)體(ti)之效。適用(yong)于治(zhi)療肺(fei)氣虛(xu)和(he)肺(fei)腎兩虛(xu)、肺(fei)結(jie)核等(deng)所致(zhi)的咯血(xue)(xue)或痰中(zhong)帶血(xue)(xue)、咳(ke)嗽。氣短(duan)、盜汗等(deng)，對(dui)腎虛(xu)陽(yang)痿(wei)、腰膝(xi)酸(suan)疼(teng)等(deng)亦有(you)(you)(you)良好的療效，也(ye)是老(lao)年(nian)體(ti)弱(ruo)者的滋(zi)補(bu)佳品。現代(dai)(dai)(dai)醫學(xue)(xue)研究表明，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)吞噬腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤細胞(bao)的能(neng)力是硒的4倍，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)所含(han)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)素能(neng)明顯增(zeng)強紅(hong)細胞(bao)粘附腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤細胞(bao)的能(neng)力，抑(yi)制(zhi)腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤生長和(he)轉(zhuan)移，能(neng)明顯提升白(bai)(bai)血(xue)(xue)球(qiu)和(he)血(xue)(xue)小板(ban)數(shu)量，迅速(su)改善放(fang)化(hua)療后的嘔吐惡心、胃口差、頭發脫落、失眠等(deng)癥(zheng)狀。在(zai)美國，已將冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)列為抗(kang)腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤新(xin)藥(yao)，進入臨(lin)(lin)床三期(qi)。此外，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)對(dui)于某些腎病與(yu)呼吸系統疾病也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)很好的治(zhi)療作用(yong)。清(qing)代(dai)(dai)(dai)吳儀(yi)洛(luo)《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢新(xin)》，書中(zhong)認為冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)性味甘，溫。功能(neng)補(bu)肺(fei)益腎，化(hua)痰止咳(ke)。可用(yong)之于久咳(ke)虛(xu)喘，產(chan)后虛(xu)弱(ruo)、陽(yang)痿(wei)陰(yin)冷等(deng)“虛(xu)”的病癥(zheng)。
大腳走天下 
