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山谷流泉摩崖(ya)石刻,位(wei)于潛山縣城西(xi)北18里的野寨鄉境(jing)內。野寨，漢(han)代名谷口，是(shi)天(tian)柱(zhu)山的門戶。

后名野人(ren)(ren)寨。相傳有野人(ren)(ren)居(ju)此。南(nan)宋末年(nian)時為(wei)義兵劉(liu)源抗元(yuan)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)寨。山(shan)(shan)谷流泉(quan)，指(zhi)的(de)(de)是位(wei)于谷寺西側鳳凰(huang)麓(lu)的(de)(de)一條山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)。它發源于及第庵的(de)(de)左(zuo)山(shan)(shan)，曲折潛流六(liu)七里(li)(li)至鳳凰(huang)山(shan)(shan)下。這(zhe)里(li)(li)石(shi)壁陡(dou)峭，松蘿叢覆，泉(quan)流其間，宛轉激回，終年(nian)不絕。上(shang)游因水聲潺(chan)潺(chan)，名曰潺(chan)潺(chan)溪(xi)。中段因有巨石(shi)橫于溪(xi)間，狀(zhuang)似臥(wo)牛(niu)飲水，人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)石(shi)牛(niu)溪(xi)。下游名稱(cheng)山(shan)(shan)谷流泉(quan)，自北而南(nan)逕入潛河，在中下游長(chang)達1公里(li)(li)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)兩岸摩崖與溪(xi)間巨石(shi)上(shang)，有唐、宋、元(yuan)、明(ming)、清、民國歷(li)代游客游覽山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)景物時刊(kan)刻(ke)的(de)(de)眾多文字(zi)題刻(ke)，書(shu)法紛呈，內容豐富，琳瑯滿目，美(mei)不勝收。經(jing)文物普查發現，此地雖迭經(jing)自然風化(hua)和人(ren)(ren)為(wei)的(de)(de)損壞，目前仍(reng)尚(shang)有314處石(shi)刻(ke)清晰可見(jian)，是安(an)徽省現存最集中、保存也最為(wei)完好的(de)(de)摩巖石(shi)刻(ke)之一。

歷史沿革

山(shan)(shan)谷流泉中的(de)(de)3處(chu)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)最早的(de)(de)石刻都是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)，它們均分布在石牛(niu)古(gu)洞(dong)東壁懸崖上(shang)(shang)。其中2處(chu)是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)著名散文家(jia)，哲學家(jia)李翱(ao)(ao)任(ren)舒(shu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)時游(you)覽(lan)山(shan)(shan)谷的(de)(de)題(ti)名。李翱(ao)(ao)字習(xi)之(zhi)，隴西成紀（今甘肅秦安）人(ren)。貞(zhen)元(yuan)進士，授校書郎，后(hou)任(ren)國事(shi)博(bo)士。元(yuan)和(he)十五年(nian)(nian)以(yi)后(hou)任(ren)廬(lu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)、舒(shu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)，長(chang)慶二年(nian)(nian)（822年(nian)(nian)）壬寅(yin)游(you)石牛(niu)古(gu)洞(dong)。所(suo)刻題(ti)名為“翱(ao)(ao)炅(gui)磷盤求壬寅(yin)年(nian)(nian)下元(yuan)日習(xi)之(zhi)書”、“挎儲弘運上(shang)(shang)卿盤長(chang)慶二年(nian)(nian)十月廿六(liu)日馀奉處(chu)交(jiao)口(kou)”，均為真書，或(huo)橫排(pai)，或(huo)豎書直排(pai)。還有一處(chu)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)13人(ren)題(ti)名石刻，系舒(shu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)李德修于寶歷(li)二年(nian)(nian)（826年(nian)(nian)）所(suo)刻。此刻楷書15行(xing)，上(shang)(shang)下豎書成行(xing)，字徑7厘米(mi)，書法遒(qiu)勁渾(hun)厚。據《唐(tang)(tang)書》載：李德修于寶歷(li)時出(chu)任(ren)舒(shu)州(zhou)，后(hou)任(ren)尚(shang)書，為唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)著名的(de)(de)文學家(jia)。

山谷流泉(quan)有(you)(you)(you)兩宋題(ti)(ti)刻(ke)100多處，內容也極為豐富。這(zhe)里不(bu)僅有(you)(you)(you)安(an)徽現存北(bei)宋最(zui)早的(de)一(yi)塊端拱二年（989年）趙孚、舒雅、黃(huang)夢(meng)錫題(ti)(ti)名(ming)；還有(you)(you)(you)著名(ming)政治家(jia)王安(an)石的(de)詩刻(ke)，書法家(jia)黃(huang)庭堅的(de)題(ti)(ti)名(ming)，李師中的(de)記(ji)事題(ti)(ti)刻(ke)，南(nan)宋張同之的(de)詩刻(ke)等(deng)等(deng)。有(you)(you)(you)宋一(yi)代，慕名(ming)到(dao)山谷流泉(quan)來觀攬勝的(de)游客一(yi)直絡繹(yi)不(bu)絕，形成空前的(de)刻(ke)石紀(ji)游之風。

北宋(song)(song)皇?三(san)(san)年（1051年），時任舒州通判(pan)的(de)王(wang)(wang)安(an)(an)石(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)弟(di)王(wang)(wang)安(an)(an)國游(you)覽山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)，坐(zuo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)聽泉(quan)(quan)，寫詩(shi)以詠(yong)其勝(sheng)。現存題名(ming)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)文字為(wei)“皇?三(san)(san)年九月十六日自泉(quan)(quan)州之(zhi)(zhi)太湖過寺(si)宿，與(yu)(yu)道人文銑、弟(di)安(an)(an)國擁火游(you)見李(li)翱習之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)，坐(zuo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)聽泉(quan)(quan)久之(zhi)(zhi)，復游(you)，刻習之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)，臨川王(wang)(wang)安(an)(an)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。”所賦六言詩(shi)為(wei)：“水無心而(er)宛轉，山(shan)(shan)(shan)有色(se)而(er)環圍(wei)，窮幽(you)深而(er)不(bu)盡，坐(zuo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)以忘歸”。這(zhe)位被譽為(wei)中國11世紀的(de)改革(ge)家的(de)王(wang)(wang)安(an)(an)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，在掀起神宗變法(fa)大(da)(da)潮之(zhi)(zhi)前，居然有閑情逸致，于此寧靜聽泉(quan)(quan)。這(zhe)上(shang)物證的(de)發現，當有助于人們研(yan)究他的(de)思想(xiang)變化(hua)的(de)歷程(cheng)。北宋(song)(song)無豐三(san)(san)年（1080年），著名(ming)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)家黃(huang)庭堅(jian)也曾(ceng)至山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)攬勝(sheng)。他在游(you)覽了山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)寺(si)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)洞之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，一連寫了《青牛(niu)(niu)篇》、《書(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)溪大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)》、《題靈龜泉(quan)(quan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)》、《題山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)》等詩(shi)文。他酷愛此地(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水，因此自稱山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)道人。以曾(ceng)坐(zuo)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)溪石(shi)(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)上(shang)，讓大(da)(da)畫家李(li)公麟(lin)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)畫像。在石(shi)(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)洞東側懸崖頂端(duan)，尚存一處(chu)由黃(huang)庭堅(jian)手書(shu)(shu)的(de)楷書(shu)(shu)題名(ming)：“李(li)參、李(li)秉夷、秉文、吳(wu)擇賓、丘揖觀余書(shu)(shu)青牛(niu)(niu)篇，黃(huang)庭堅(jian)庚中小(xiao)寒”，書(shu)(shu)法(fa)工整穩健(jian)，筆鋒堅(jian)勁，波磔分明，是傳(chuan)世稀少的(de)黃(huang)氏真跡，彌中珍貴(gui)。

在唐(tang)代李(li)(li)(li)德修的(de)(de)(de)(de)題名下方，有一處記(ji)得(de)于北宋(song)熙寧四年（1701年）的(de)(de)(de)(de)“李(li)(li)(li)師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)紀(ji)事(shi)石(shi)刻”。此(ci)刻作者(zhe)李(li)(li)(li)師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)李(li)(li)(li)德修的(de)(de)(de)(de)八(ba)(ba)世孫(sun)(sun)。似此(ci)祖、孫(sun)(sun)相(xiang)距數百年同游一地，同刻一塊巖石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)刻極為(wei)罕見。“師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)十(shi)一世祖御史(shi)大夫諱(hui)(hui)棲筠，生丞相(xiang)諱(hui)(hui)吉(ji)雨。丞相(xiang)生尚書(shu)諱(hui)(hui)德修。丞相(xiang)諱(hui)(hui)德裕，尚書(shu)實師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)八(ba)(ba)世祖也。歷舒、湘、楚三州刺史(shi)，題名在此(ci)巖谷。師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)不肖，忝備(bei)侍(shi)從。坐沮(ju)邊議(yi)，左遷(qian)來守茲(zi)土。永惟世業，未(wei)墜于地。后世子孫(sun)(sun)，尚有來者(zhe)。敢廢(fei)篆刻，式昭前(qian)人(ren)(ren)。熙寧四年十(shi)月二十(shi)四日，孫(sun)(sun)尚書(shu)右司郎中(zhong)(zhong)師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)，弟純中(zhong)(zhong)從。”這篇文字經(jing)與《宋(song)史(shi)·李(li)(li)(li)師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)傳》對(dui)照，所述家(jia)世、祖先(xian)完全吻合(he)，是研究李(li)(li)(li)氏家(jia)譜與有關歷史(shi)人(ren)(ren)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴史(shi)料(liao)。

元代以(yi)(yi)后，眾多(duo)游客蜂擁山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)(gu)，也留下(xia)大(da)量的(de)(de)文(wen)字(zi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)。除了(le)(le)式照(zhao)唐宋時(shi)的(de)(de)題(ti)名(ming)(ming)、題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)外，在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)文(wen)字(zi)的(de)(de)內(nei)容方面出現(xian)一些新的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，比(bi)如出現(xian)了(le)(le)大(da)量的(de)(de)用(yong)簡(jian)短詞語(yu)贊(zan)嘆山(shan)(shan)(shan)、洞、泉、石(shi)(shi)(shi)景(jing)色(se)的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。同時(shi)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)文(wen)字(zi)的(de)(de)體積(ji)增大(da)，字(zi)徑(jing)往(wang)往(wang)有(you)(you)一、二尺之多(duo)，這都是(shi)(shi)過去所少見的(de)(de)。明代詩(shi)(shi)人、安(an)慶知府(fu)胡纘(zuan)宗在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)牛上(shang)大(da)書“石(shi)(shi)(shi)牛”2字(zi)，并刊刻(ke)了(le)(le)《山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)(gu)寺》詩(shi)(shi)：“摩詩(shi)(shi)坐山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)(gu)，谷(gu)(gu)水(shui)身邊流，篆(zhuan)密(mi)龍蛇動，潭(tan)空牛女游”，此詩(shi)(shi)十分(fen)形象地描繪了(le)(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)牛臨澗的(de)(de)景(jing)色(se)，令人涌不(bu)絕口(kou)。胡纘(zuan)宗還有(you)(you)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)(gu)”大(da)字(zi)題(ti)刻(ke)，字(zi)徑(jing)2尺。其它像嘉靖時(shi)御史大(da)夫李元陽、成化(hua)(hua)時(shi)書法家(jia)袁慶祥等人的(de)(de)題(ti)名(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)及大(da)量的(de)(de)“涪(fu)涪(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)(gu)”、“流云上(shang)流”、“天下(xia)奇觀(guan)”、“水(shui)光天色(se)”、“龍門”、“獨醒(xing)處(chu)”、“安(an)慶名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”、“幽思”等，都有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)歷史研究與欣賞價值(zhi)。從書法的(de)(de)角度看(kan)，這里的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)包括有(you)(you)隸書、楷書、草書、篆(zhuan)書、行書等多(duo)種，每種書體中又富(fu)于變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，各具特(te)色(se)，基本上(shang)代表了(le)(le)唐代以(yi)(yi)來我國書法藝(yi)術發展演變(bian)的(de)(de)風貌，是(shi)(shi)一處(chu)珍貴的(de)(de)書法藝(yi)術寶庫。

平度縣天柱山摩崖刻石

天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩(mo)(mo)崖刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)度縣北(bei)25公(gong)(gong)(gong)里處。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)除(chu)魏(wei)碑外，還(huan)有(you)東漢(han)、東魏(wei)、北(bei)齊以及金、元等歷(li)代刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)，極堪觀賞。立在(zai)(zai)天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽的(de)(de)(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)碑，亦(yi)稱鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)碑，全(quan)稱“魏(wei)左(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)令(ling)秘書(shu)(shu)監(jian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑”。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)乃鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲謚(shi)號(hao)。該碑傳為(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)一(yi)(yi)北(bei)魏(wei)光(guang)洲（洲志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)現掖縣） 刺史(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭于水平(ping)四(si)年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元511年(nian)）所(suo)(suo)書(shu)(shu)鐫。其(qi)(qi)內容系為(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)家(jia)歌功(gong)頌(song)德，并(bing)記述(shu)了(le)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲的(de)(de)(de)生平(ping)和著述(shu)。碑由天(tian)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑狀石(shi)(shi)于碑陽面稍加(jia)琢(zhuo)磨而成(cheng)， 碑高(gao)3、20米，寬(kuan)、5米，文(wen)(wen)19行(xing)，計880余(yu)字(zi)。其(qi)(qi)碑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)，結字(zi)寬(kuan)情，筆(bi)力雄健(jian)(jian)，具(ju)篆(zhuan)分(fen)遺意，清(qing)包世臣贊其(qi)(qi)“有(you)海鷗云鶴(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致”，并(bing)說：“北(bei)碑體(ti)多榜出，〈〈鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)碑〉〉字(zi)獨真正，而篆(zhuan)勢、分(fen)韻、草情畢具(ju)......真文(wen)(wen)苑奇(qi)珍也”葉昌熾則贊其(qi)(qi)“唐(tang)初歐、虞、褚、薛(xue)楮家(jia)皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)籠罩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，不獨北(bei)朝(chao)書(shu)(shu)第一(yi)(yi)，自有(you)真書(shu)(shu)以來一(yi)(yi)人(ren)而已”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東北(bei)，有(you)一(yi)(yi)自然(ran)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)大石(shi)(shi)孔，俗稱“石(shi)(shi)室”，北(bei)宋北(bei)壁亦(yi)鐫有(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道照所(suo)(suo)撰書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)〈〈石(shi)(shi)室銘(ming)〉 〉，計150字(zi)，此銘(ming)既(ji)大有(you)風采，又書(shu)(shu)寫得(de) 婉麗飛動(dong)，饒有(you)天(tian)趣，寥寥數(shu)語，把(ba)天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“石(shi)(shi)室”描繪(hui)得(de)絢麗斑(ban)爛(lan)，令(ling)人(ren)神往。 由石(shi)(shi)室西(xi)(xi)行(xing)， 經鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭“此天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”5個大字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)又一(yi)(yi)題刻(ke)處，爬(pa)上(shang)主峰，只見(jian)天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、西(xi)(xi)云峰兩(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東西(xi)(xi)對(dui)峙的(de)(de)(de)峽口西(xi)(xi)壁，亦(yi)有(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)刻(ke)，文(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)“滎(ying)陽鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭上(shang)游天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下息云峰” ，字(zi)體(ti)較大，石(shi)(shi)質又好，雖經1400余(yu)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)風雨剝蝕，依(yi)然(ran)如故；寥寥十余(yu)字(zi)，仍可(ke)見(jian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)健(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆(bi)意。 《天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)石(shi)(shi)殘刻(ke)》以及座落(luo)在(zai)(zai)天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)麓(lu)劈石(shi)(shi)門處的(de)(de)(de)《天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)銘(ming)》，均系隸書(shu)(shu)，傳為(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)------北(bei)齊光(guang)州刺史(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)述(shu)祖于天(tian)統元年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元565年(nian)） 所(suo)(suo)書(shu)(shu)鐫《殘刻(ke)》書(shu)(shu)法(fa)工(gong)整精(jing)細，端(duan)正而不板滯(zhi)；《天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)銘(ming)》字(zi)體(ti)厚重古樸，有(you)漢(han)魏(wei)規(gui)范。 《天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)銘(ming)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東，有(you)一(yi)(yi)東魏(wei)石(shi)(shi)窟。窟內壁除(chu)有(you)東魏(wei)《姚(yao)保(bao)顯造石(shi)(shi)塔(ta)記》外，還(huan)有(you)數(shu)十尊浮屠(tu)造像， 因年(nian)久(jiu)磨損， 浮屠(tu)還(huan)算清(qing)晰，《造石(shi)(shi)塔(ta)記》已多模(mo)糊難認，但“武定六年(nian)”（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元548年(nian)）等字(zi)，尚清(qing)晰可(ke)辯。 新近(jin)發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)東漢(han)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)平(ping)三年(nian)刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)》，為(wei)(wei)漢(han)隸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)品，漢(han)隸摩(mo)(mo)崖者，為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)見(jian)，故愈加(jia)珍貴，為(wei)(wei)我國書(shu)(shu)法(fa)刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)藝術中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)瑰寶，故天(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩(mo)(mo)崖刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)被列為(wei)(wei)國家(jia)級重點文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護單位單位。