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山谷流泉摩崖石刻(ke),位(wei)于(yu)潛山縣城西北18里的野寨鄉(xiang)境內。野寨，漢代(dai)名谷口，是天柱山的門戶(hu)。

后名(ming)野(ye)人(ren)寨。相傳有野(ye)人(ren)居(ju)此(ci)。南宋(song)末年時(shi)為義兵劉源抗元的(de)山(shan)寨。山(shan)谷(gu)流(liu)泉，指的(de)是位于(yu)谷(gu)寺西側鳳凰(huang)麓的(de)一條山(shan)溪。它發(fa)源于(yu)及第庵的(de)左山(shan)，曲折(zhe)潛流(liu)六七(qi)里至鳳凰(huang)山(shan)下(xia)。這里石壁陡峭，松蘿叢覆，泉流(liu)其間，宛(wan)轉(zhuan)激(ji)回(hui)，終年不絕。上(shang)游因水(shui)聲潺(chan)潺(chan)，名(ming)曰潺(chan)潺(chan)溪。中(zhong)(zhong)段因有巨石橫(heng)于(yu)溪間，狀(zhuang)似臥牛(niu)飲水(shui)，人(ren)稱石牛(niu)溪。下(xia)游名(ming)稱山(shan)谷(gu)流(liu)泉，自北而南逕入潛河，在中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)游長達1公里的(de)山(shan)溪兩(liang)岸摩崖與溪間巨石上(shang)，有唐、宋(song)、元、明、清、民國歷(li)代游客游覽山(shan)溪景物時(shi)刊刻(ke)(ke)的(de)眾多文字題刻(ke)(ke)，書法紛呈(cheng)，內容豐(feng)富，琳瑯(lang)滿目，美不勝收(shou)。經(jing)文物普查發(fa)現，此(ci)地雖迭經(jing)自然風化和(he)人(ren)為的(de)損壞，目前(qian)仍尚有314處石刻(ke)(ke)清晰可見，是安徽省現存最(zui)集中(zhong)(zhong)、保(bao)存也最(zui)為完(wan)好的(de)摩巖石刻(ke)(ke)之一。

歷史沿革

山(shan)谷流泉中(zhong)的3處年(nian)(nian)代最早的石刻(ke)都是(shi)唐代的，它們均分(fen)布在(zai)石牛古洞(dong)東壁(bi)懸崖上(shang)。其中(zhong)2處是(shi)唐代著(zhu)名(ming)散文家，哲(zhe)學家李(li)翱任(ren)舒(shu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史時游覽(lan)山(shan)谷的題名(ming)。李(li)翱字(zi)習之(zhi)，隴西(xi)成紀（今甘肅秦安）人。貞元進士，授校書(shu)郎(lang)，后任(ren)國事博士。元和十五年(nian)(nian)以后任(ren)廬州(zhou)刺(ci)史、舒(shu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史，長(chang)慶二年(nian)(nian)（822年(nian)(nian)）壬(ren)寅游石牛古洞(dong)。所刻(ke)題名(ming)為(wei)“翱炅磷盤求壬(ren)寅年(nian)(nian)下(xia)元日(ri)習之(zhi)書(shu)”、“挎儲弘(hong)運上(shang)卿(qing)盤長(chang)慶二年(nian)(nian)十月廿六(liu)日(ri)馀奉處交(jiao)口(kou)”，均為(wei)真書(shu)，或(huo)橫排(pai)，或(huo)豎(shu)書(shu)直(zhi)排(pai)。還有一處唐代13人題名(ming)石刻(ke)，系舒(shu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史李(li)德(de)修于寶歷(li)二年(nian)(nian)（826年(nian)(nian)）所刻(ke)。此刻(ke)楷書(shu)15行，上(shang)下(xia)豎(shu)書(shu)成行，字(zi)徑7厘(li)米，書(shu)法(fa)遒(qiu)勁渾厚。據《唐書(shu)》載：李(li)德(de)修于寶歷(li)時出(chu)任(ren)舒(shu)州(zhou)，后任(ren)尚書(shu)，為(wei)唐代著(zhu)名(ming)的文學家。

山谷流(liu)泉有兩宋題刻(ke)(ke)100多處，內容也極為豐富。這里(li)不(bu)僅有安徽現存北(bei)宋最早(zao)的(de)一塊端拱二(er)年（989年）趙孚、舒雅、黃夢(meng)錫(xi)題名；還有著名政治家(jia)王安石的(de)詩(shi)刻(ke)(ke)，書法家(jia)黃庭堅(jian)的(de)題名，李師中(zhong)的(de)記事(shi)題刻(ke)(ke)，南(nan)宋張同之的(de)詩(shi)刻(ke)(ke)等(deng)等(deng)。有宋一代，慕名到山谷流(liu)泉來觀攬勝的(de)游客一直絡繹不(bu)絕，形成(cheng)空前的(de)刻(ke)(ke)石紀游之風(feng)。

北(bei)宋皇?三年(nian)(nian)（1051年(nian)(nian)），時任舒州通(tong)判的(de)(de)王(wang)安(an)石(shi)與弟王(wang)安(an)國游覽山(shan)(shan)谷，坐(zuo)石(shi)聽泉，寫詩以詠其勝(sheng)。現存(cun)題名刻(ke)石(shi)文(wen)(wen)字為“皇?三年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月十(shi)六日自泉州之(zhi)(zhi)太湖過寺(si)宿，與道人文(wen)(wen)銑、弟安(an)國擁火游見李(li)翱習(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)書，坐(zuo)石(shi)聽泉久之(zhi)(zhi)，復游，刻(ke)習(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)書后，臨川王(wang)安(an)石(shi)。”所賦六言詩為：“水無心而宛(wan)轉，山(shan)(shan)有色而環圍，窮幽(you)深而不(bu)盡，坐(zuo)石(shi)上(shang)(shang)以忘歸(gui)”。這位(wei)被譽(yu)為中國11世(shi)紀(ji)的(de)(de)改革家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)王(wang)安(an)石(shi)，在掀(xian)起神(shen)宗變法大潮之(zhi)(zhi)前，居然(ran)有閑情逸致，于此(ci)(ci)寧靜聽泉。這上(shang)(shang)物(wu)證的(de)(de)發現，當有助于人們研究他的(de)(de)思想變化(hua)的(de)(de)歷程。北(bei)宋無豐三年(nian)(nian)（1080年(nian)(nian)），著名書法家(jia)(jia)黃(huang)(huang)庭(ting)(ting)堅(jian)(jian)也(ye)曾至山(shan)(shan)谷攬勝(sheng)。他在游覽了山(shan)(shan)谷寺(si)、石(shi)牛(niu)(niu)洞之(zhi)(zhi)后，一(yi)(yi)連(lian)寫了《青(qing)牛(niu)(niu)篇(pian)》、《書石(shi)牛(niu)(niu)溪(xi)大石(shi)上(shang)(shang)》、《題靈龜泉石(shi)上(shang)(shang)》、《題山(shan)(shan)谷大石(shi)》等詩文(wen)(wen)。他酷愛此(ci)(ci)地山(shan)(shan)水，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)自稱山(shan)(shan)谷道人。以曾坐(zuo)在山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)石(shi)牛(niu)(niu)上(shang)(shang)，讓大畫家(jia)(jia)李(li)公麟為之(zhi)(zhi)畫像。在石(shi)牛(niu)(niu)洞東側(ce)懸(xuan)崖頂(ding)端，尚存(cun)一(yi)(yi)處由黃(huang)(huang)庭(ting)(ting)堅(jian)(jian)手書的(de)(de)楷書題名：“李(li)參、李(li)秉夷、秉文(wen)(wen)、吳擇賓、丘揖觀余書青(qing)牛(niu)(niu)篇(pian)，黃(huang)(huang)庭(ting)(ting)堅(jian)(jian)庚中小(xiao)寒(han)”，書法工整穩健，筆鋒堅(jian)(jian)勁，波磔分明，是傳世(shi)稀少的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)氏真跡(ji)，彌中珍貴(gui)。

在唐代(dai)李德(de)修的(de)題名下方(fang)，有(you)一(yi)處記得于北宋熙(xi)寧四(si)年（1701年）的(de)“李師(shi)中(zhong)紀事石(shi)(shi)刻”。此刻作者(zhe)李師(shi)中(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)李德(de)修的(de)八(ba)世(shi)(shi)孫。似(si)此祖(zu)、孫相(xiang)距數百年同游一(yi)地，同刻一(yi)塊巖石(shi)(shi)的(de)石(shi)(shi)刻極為(wei)(wei)罕見。“師(shi)中(zhong)十(shi)一(yi)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)御史(shi)大(da)夫(fu)諱(hui)棲筠，生(sheng)丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)諱(hui)吉雨。丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)生(sheng)尚書(shu)諱(hui)德(de)修。丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)諱(hui)德(de)裕，尚書(shu)實(shi)師(shi)中(zhong)八(ba)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)也。歷舒、湘、楚(chu)三州刺史(shi)，題名在此巖谷(gu)。師(shi)中(zhong)不肖，忝備(bei)侍從(cong)。坐沮邊議，左遷來守茲土。永惟(wei)世(shi)(shi)業，未墜于地。后世(shi)(shi)子孫，尚有(you)來者(zhe)。敢廢篆刻，式昭前人。熙(xi)寧四(si)年十(shi)月二十(shi)四(si)日(ri)，孫尚書(shu)右司郎中(zhong)師(shi)中(zhong)記，弟(di)純中(zhong)從(cong)。”這篇文(wen)字經與(yu)《宋史(shi)·李師(shi)中(zhong)傳》對照，所述家世(shi)(shi)、祖(zu)先完全吻合，是研(yan)究李氏家譜與(yu)有(you)關歷史(shi)人物的(de)珍貴史(shi)料。

元代以(yi)(yi)(yi)后，眾多(duo)游客蜂(feng)擁山谷，也留下大(da)(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)文字(zi)石刻(ke)。除(chu)了(le)式照(zhao)唐宋(song)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)題名、題詩(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)外，在石刻(ke)文字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)內容方面出(chu)現一(yi)些新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，比如出(chu)現了(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)用簡短(duan)詞語(yu)贊嘆山、洞(dong)、泉、石景色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。同時(shi)，石刻(ke)文字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積增大(da)(da)(da)(da)，字(zi)徑往往有(you)一(yi)、二尺之(zhi)多(duo)，這都(dou)是(shi)過(guo)去所少見的(de)(de)(de)。明(ming)代詩(shi)(shi)人、安慶知府(fu)胡(hu)纘宗在石牛上大(da)(da)(da)(da)書(shu)(shu)(shu)“石牛”2字(zi)，并刊刻(ke)了(le)《山谷寺(si)》詩(shi)(shi)：“摩詩(shi)(shi)坐山谷，谷水身(shen)邊流(liu)(liu)，篆密龍蛇(she)動，潭(tan)空牛女游”，此(ci)詩(shi)(shi)十分形象地描繪(hui)了(le)石牛臨澗的(de)(de)(de)景色(se)(se)，令人涌不(bu)絕口。胡(hu)纘宗還有(you)“山谷”大(da)(da)(da)(da)字(zi)題刻(ke)，字(zi)徑2尺。其它(ta)像(xiang)嘉靖時(shi)御史大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)李元陽、成化(hua)時(shi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法家袁慶祥(xiang)等人的(de)(de)(de)題名以(yi)(yi)(yi)及大(da)(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)“涪涪山谷”、“流(liu)(liu)云上流(liu)(liu)”、“天下奇觀(guan)”、“水光(guang)天色(se)(se)”、“龍門”、“獨醒處(chu)”、“安慶名山”、“幽思”等，都(dou)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)歷史研究與欣賞價值。從書(shu)(shu)(shu)法的(de)(de)(de)角度看，這里的(de)(de)(de)石刻(ke)包括有(you)隸書(shu)(shu)(shu)、楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)、草(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、篆書(shu)(shu)(shu)、行書(shu)(shu)(shu)等多(duo)種(zhong)，每種(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)中又富于(yu)變(bian)化(hua)，各具(ju)特(te)色(se)(se)，基本上代表了(le)唐代以(yi)(yi)(yi)來我國(guo)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法藝(yi)術(shu)發展(zhan)演變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)風貌，是(shi)一(yi)處(chu)珍貴的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法藝(yi)術(shu)寶庫。

平度縣天柱山摩崖刻石

天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩崖刻(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)在平度縣北(bei)25公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)處(chu)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中除(chu)魏(wei)碑(bei)(bei)外，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東漢、東魏(wei)、北(bei)齊以(yi)及(ji)金、元(yuan)等歷代(dai)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)，極(ji)堪觀賞。立在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)陽的(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)碑(bei)(bei)，亦稱(cheng)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上碑(bei)(bei)，全稱(cheng)“魏(wei)左中書令(ling)秘書監(jian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)”。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乃(nai)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)謚號。該碑(bei)(bei)傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)子一(yi)(yi)北(bei)魏(wei)光(guang)洲（洲志在現掖(ye)縣） 刺史(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)于水平四年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)511年(nian)）所(suo)書鐫。其(qi)(qi)內容系為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)家歌功頌德，并(bing)記(ji)述(shu)了鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)的(de)生(sheng)平和著述(shu)。碑(bei)(bei)由(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然之(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)狀(zhuang)石(shi)(shi)于碑(bei)(bei)陽面稍(shao)加琢磨而(er)成， 碑(bei)(bei)高3、20米，寬、5米，文(wen)19行，計(ji)880余(yu)字(zi)。其(qi)(qi)碑(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)書法，結字(zi)寬情(qing)，筆力雄健，具(ju)篆分遺意，清包世臣贊(zan)(zan)其(qi)(qi)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)海鷗云(yun)鶴之(zhi)(zhi)致”，并(bing)說：“北(bei)碑(bei)(bei)體多榜(bang)出，〈〈鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)碑(bei)(bei)〉〉字(zi)獨真正(zheng)，而(er)篆勢、分韻、草情(qing)畢具(ju)......真文(wen)苑奇珍也”葉昌熾則贊(zan)(zan)其(qi)(qi)“唐(tang)初歐、虞、褚、薛楮(chu)家皆(jie)在籠罩之(zhi)(zhi)內，不獨北(bei)朝書第一(yi)(yi)，自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)真書以(yi)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)而(er)已”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)東北(bei)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)自(zi)然形成的(de)高大(da)石(shi)(shi)孔(kong)，俗(su)稱(cheng)“石(shi)(shi)室”，北(bei)宋北(bei)壁亦鐫有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)照(zhao)所(suo)撰書之(zhi)(zhi)〈〈石(shi)(shi)室銘(ming)〉 〉，計(ji)150字(zi)，此(ci)銘(ming)既大(da)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)風采，又書寫(xie)得(de) 婉麗(li)飛動，饒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)趣，寥寥數語，把天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“石(shi)(shi)室”描繪(hui)得(de)絢麗(li)斑爛，令(ling)人(ren)神往(wang)。 由(you)石(shi)(shi)室西行， 經鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)“此(ci)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”5個大(da)字(zi)的(de)又一(yi)(yi)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)處(chu)，爬上主峰，只見天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、西云(yun)峰兩山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東西對(dui)峙的(de)峽口西壁，亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)，文(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“滎陽鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)上游(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下息云(yun)峰” ，字(zi)體較大(da)，石(shi)(shi)質(zhi)又好，雖經1400余(yu)年(nian)的(de)風雨剝蝕，依(yi)然如故(gu)；寥寥十(shi)余(yu)字(zi)，仍(reng)可見鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書健之(zhi)(zhi)筆意。 《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)石(shi)(shi)殘刻(ke)(ke)(ke)》以(yi)及(ji)座落在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西麓劈石(shi)(shi)門處(chu)的(de)《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)銘(ming)》，均系隸(li)(li)書，傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)子------北(bei)齊光(guang)州刺史(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)述(shu)祖于天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)統(tong)元(yuan)年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)565年(nian)） 所(suo)書鐫《殘刻(ke)(ke)(ke)》書法工整(zheng)精細，端正(zheng)而(er)不板滯(zhi)；《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)銘(ming)》字(zi)體厚重(zhong)古樸，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)漢魏(wei)規(gui)范。 《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)銘(ming)》之(zhi)(zhi)東，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)東魏(wei)石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)。窟(ku)內壁除(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東魏(wei)《姚(yao)保顯造(zao)石(shi)(shi)塔記(ji)》外，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)數十(shi)尊(zun)浮(fu)屠(tu)(tu)造(zao)像， 因年(nian)久磨損， 浮(fu)屠(tu)(tu)還算清晰，《造(zao)石(shi)(shi)塔記(ji)》已多模(mo)糊難認，但“武定六年(nian)”（公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)548年(nian)）等字(zi)，尚清晰可辯。 新近發現的(de)東漢《中平三年(nian)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)》，為(wei)(wei)(wei)漢隸(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)精品，漢隸(li)(li)摩崖者，為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)少見，故(gu)愈加珍貴(gui)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)我國書法刻(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)藝(yi)術(shu)中的(de)瑰寶，故(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩崖刻(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)被列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國家級重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei)單(dan)位(wei)。