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山谷流泉摩崖石刻(ke),位于(yu)潛(qian)山縣城西北18里的野(ye)寨鄉境內。野(ye)寨，漢代名谷口，是天(tian)柱山的門戶。

后名(ming)野人(ren)(ren)(ren)寨。相傳有野人(ren)(ren)(ren)居此。南宋(song)末(mo)年時為(wei)義(yi)兵(bing)劉源抗元(yuan)(yuan)的山(shan)(shan)寨。山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)流泉(quan)，指的是位(wei)于(yu)谷(gu)寺西側(ce)鳳(feng)凰(huang)麓(lu)的一條山(shan)(shan)溪。它發源于(yu)及第庵的左山(shan)(shan)，曲折(zhe)潛(qian)(qian)流六七里(li)至鳳(feng)凰(huang)山(shan)(shan)下(xia)。這里(li)石(shi)(shi)(shi)壁(bi)陡峭，松蘿(luo)叢覆(fu)，泉(quan)流其間，宛轉激回，終年不(bu)絕。上(shang)游(you)(you)因水聲潺潺，名(ming)曰潺潺溪。中(zhong)段因有巨石(shi)(shi)(shi)橫于(yu)溪間，狀似臥牛飲水，人(ren)(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)牛溪。下(xia)游(you)(you)名(ming)稱(cheng)山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)流泉(quan)，自(zi)北(bei)而南逕入潛(qian)(qian)河，在中(zhong)下(xia)游(you)(you)長達1公(gong)里(li)的山(shan)(shan)溪兩岸摩(mo)崖與溪間巨石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)，有唐、宋(song)、元(yuan)(yuan)、明、清、民國歷代游(you)(you)客游(you)(you)覽山(shan)(shan)溪景物(wu)時刊刻(ke)的眾多文字題刻(ke)，書法紛呈，內容豐富，琳瑯(lang)滿目(mu)，美不(bu)勝(sheng)收(shou)。經文物(wu)普查(cha)發現，此地雖迭經自(zi)然風化和人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)的損壞，目(mu)前仍尚有314處石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)清晰可見，是安徽(hui)省現存(cun)最(zui)(zui)集(ji)中(zhong)、保存(cun)也最(zui)(zui)為(wei)完好(hao)的摩(mo)巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)之一。

歷史沿革

山谷流泉(quan)中的3處(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)最(zui)早的石(shi)刻都(dou)是唐代(dai)(dai)的，它們均分布在石(shi)牛古洞(dong)東壁懸崖(ya)上。其中2處(chu)是唐代(dai)(dai)著(zhu)名散文家，哲學家李(li)翱(ao)任舒州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)時(shi)游(you)覽山谷的題名。李(li)翱(ao)字習之(zhi)，隴西(xi)成紀（今甘(gan)肅(su)秦(qin)安）人。貞元進士，授(shou)校書(shu)(shu)(shu)郎，后(hou)(hou)任國事(shi)博士。元和(he)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)以后(hou)(hou)任廬州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)、舒州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)，長慶(qing)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（822年(nian)(nian)(nian)）壬寅游(you)石(shi)牛古洞(dong)。所刻題名為“翱(ao)炅磷(lin)盤(pan)求壬寅年(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)元日習之(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)”、“挎儲弘(hong)運上卿(qing)盤(pan)長慶(qing)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)月廿六(liu)日馀奉處(chu)交口”，均為真書(shu)(shu)(shu)，或橫排(pai)，或豎(shu)(shu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)直排(pai)。還有一處(chu)唐代(dai)(dai)13人題名石(shi)刻，系(xi)舒州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)李(li)德修于寶歷(li)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（826年(nian)(nian)(nian)）所刻。此刻楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)15行，上下(xia)豎(shu)(shu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)成行，字徑(jing)7厘(li)米，書(shu)(shu)(shu)法遒(qiu)勁渾厚。據《唐書(shu)(shu)(shu)》載：李(li)德修于寶歷(li)時(shi)出任舒州(zhou)，后(hou)(hou)任尚書(shu)(shu)(shu)，為唐代(dai)(dai)著(zhu)名的文學家。

山(shan)谷(gu)(gu)流泉(quan)有(you)兩宋題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)100多(duo)處，內容也極(ji)為豐富(fu)。這里不僅(jin)有(you)安徽現存北宋最(zui)早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)塊端拱二年(nian)(nian)（989年(nian)(nian)）趙孚、舒雅、黃夢錫題(ti)名；還有(you)著名政治家(jia)(jia)王安石的(de)(de)(de)詩刻(ke)(ke)，書(shu)法家(jia)(jia)黃庭堅的(de)(de)(de)題(ti)名，李師(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)記事題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)，南宋張同之(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)詩刻(ke)(ke)等等。有(you)宋一(yi)代，慕名到山(shan)谷(gu)(gu)流泉(quan)來觀(guan)攬勝的(de)(de)(de)游(you)客一(yi)直(zhi)絡繹不絕(jue)，形成空(kong)前的(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)(ke)石紀(ji)游(you)之(zhi)風。

北宋皇?三年(nian)(nian)（1051年(nian)(nian)），時任舒州通判的(de)王(wang)安(an)石(shi)與弟王(wang)安(an)國(guo)(guo)游覽山(shan)(shan)谷，坐石(shi)聽泉(quan)(quan)，寫(xie)詩(shi)以詠其勝。現存(cun)題(ti)名(ming)(ming)刻石(shi)文(wen)字(zi)為“皇?三年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月(yue)十六日自(zi)泉(quan)(quan)州之太湖過寺(si)宿(su)，與道(dao)人文(wen)銑、弟安(an)國(guo)(guo)擁火游見李(li)(li)翱習(xi)之書(shu)，坐石(shi)聽泉(quan)(quan)久之，復游，刻習(xi)之書(shu)后(hou)，臨川(chuan)王(wang)安(an)石(shi)。”所(suo)賦六言詩(shi)為：“水(shui)(shui)無心(xin)而(er)宛轉，山(shan)(shan)有色而(er)環(huan)圍，窮幽深而(er)不盡，坐石(shi)上(shang)以忘歸”。這位被(bei)譽為中國(guo)(guo)11世(shi)紀的(de)改(gai)革家(jia)的(de)王(wang)安(an)石(shi)，在掀起神(shen)宗變法大(da)(da)潮之前，居然有閑情逸致，于此寧(ning)靜聽泉(quan)(quan)。這上(shang)物證的(de)發現，當有助(zhu)于人們研(yan)究(jiu)他(ta)的(de)思想變化的(de)歷程。北宋無豐三年(nian)(nian)（1080年(nian)(nian)），著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)書(shu)法家(jia)黃(huang)庭堅也曾至山(shan)(shan)谷攬(lan)勝。他(ta)在游覽了(le)山(shan)(shan)谷寺(si)、石(shi)牛洞之后(hou)，一(yi)連寫(xie)了(le)《青牛篇(pian)》、《書(shu)石(shi)牛溪(xi)大(da)(da)石(shi)上(shang)》、《題(ti)靈龜泉(quan)(quan)石(shi)上(shang)》、《題(ti)山(shan)(shan)谷大(da)(da)石(shi)》等(deng)詩(shi)文(wen)。他(ta)酷(ku)愛(ai)此地(di)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)，因(yin)此自(zi)稱山(shan)(shan)谷道(dao)人。以曾坐在山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)石(shi)牛上(shang)，讓大(da)(da)畫家(jia)李(li)(li)公(gong)麟為之畫像(xiang)。在石(shi)牛洞東側懸崖(ya)頂端，尚存(cun)一(yi)處由黃(huang)庭堅手書(shu)的(de)楷(kai)書(shu)題(ti)名(ming)(ming)：“李(li)(li)參、李(li)(li)秉夷、秉文(wen)、吳擇賓、丘(qiu)揖觀余書(shu)青牛篇(pian)，黃(huang)庭堅庚(geng)中小寒”，書(shu)法工(gong)整穩健，筆鋒(feng)堅勁，波(bo)磔分明，是傳世(shi)稀少(shao)的(de)黃(huang)氏真跡，彌中珍貴。

在唐代李(li)(li)德修(xiu)的(de)題名下方，有(you)一(yi)處記得于北宋(song)熙寧四(si)年（1701年）的(de)“李(li)(li)師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)紀(ji)事石刻”。此(ci)刻作者李(li)(li)師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，為李(li)(li)德修(xiu)的(de)八世(shi)(shi)(shi)孫(sun)(sun)。似此(ci)祖、孫(sun)(sun)相(xiang)距數百年同游(you)一(yi)地，同刻一(yi)塊(kuai)巖(yan)石的(de)石刻極為罕見(jian)。“師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)十(shi)一(yi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)祖御史(shi)大夫(fu)諱(hui)棲筠，生(sheng)丞相(xiang)諱(hui)吉雨。丞相(xiang)生(sheng)尚(shang)(shang)書諱(hui)德修(xiu)。丞相(xiang)諱(hui)德裕，尚(shang)(shang)書實師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)八世(shi)(shi)(shi)祖也(ye)。歷舒、湘、楚三州刺史(shi)，題名在此(ci)巖(yan)谷。師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)不肖，忝備侍從。坐沮邊議，左遷來守茲土。永惟世(shi)(shi)(shi)業(ye)，未(wei)墜(zhui)于地。后世(shi)(shi)(shi)子孫(sun)(sun)，尚(shang)(shang)有(you)來者。敢廢篆刻，式昭(zhao)前人。熙寧四(si)年十(shi)月(yue)二十(shi)四(si)日，孫(sun)(sun)尚(shang)(shang)書右司(si)郎中(zhong)(zhong)師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)記，弟(di)純(chun)中(zhong)(zhong)從。”這篇(pian)文字經與《宋(song)史(shi)·李(li)(li)師(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)傳》對照，所述家(jia)世(shi)(shi)(shi)、祖先完(wan)全吻合，是(shi)研究李(li)(li)氏家(jia)譜與有(you)關歷史(shi)人物(wu)的(de)珍貴史(shi)料。

元代(dai)以(yi)后(hou)，眾多(duo)游客(ke)蜂(feng)擁山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)，也留下大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字(zi)石(shi)(shi)刻。除了(le)(le)式照唐宋時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)題(ti)名、題(ti)詩(shi)以(yi)外，在(zai)石(shi)(shi)刻文(wen)字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)內容方(fang)面出現一(yi)(yi)些新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，比如出現了(le)(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)用簡(jian)短詞(ci)語(yu)贊嘆山(shan)(shan)、洞、泉、石(shi)(shi)景(jing)色的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。同(tong)時(shi)，石(shi)(shi)刻文(wen)字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)體積增大(da)(da)，字(zi)徑往往有(you)一(yi)(yi)、二(er)尺(chi)之多(duo)，這都是(shi)過去所少見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)。明(ming)代(dai)詩(shi)人(ren)、安慶(qing)知府胡纘(zuan)宗(zong)在(zai)石(shi)(shi)牛(niu)上大(da)(da)書“石(shi)(shi)牛(niu)”2字(zi)，并刊刻了(le)(le)《山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)寺》詩(shi)：“摩詩(shi)坐山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)，谷(gu)水身邊(bian)流(liu)，篆(zhuan)密龍蛇動，潭(tan)空牛(niu)女(nv)游”，此詩(shi)十(shi)分形象地描繪了(le)(le)石(shi)(shi)牛(niu)臨澗的(de)(de)(de)景(jing)色，令人(ren)涌不絕口。胡纘(zuan)宗(zong)還(huan)有(you)“山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)”大(da)(da)字(zi)題(ti)刻，字(zi)徑2尺(chi)。其它像嘉靖時(shi)御史大(da)(da)夫李元陽、成(cheng)化(hua)時(shi)書法(fa)(fa)家袁慶(qing)祥等(deng)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)題(ti)名以(yi)及大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)“涪涪山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)”、“流(liu)云上流(liu)”、“天下奇觀”、“水光天色”、“龍門”、“獨醒處”、“安慶(qing)名山(shan)(shan)”、“幽思”等(deng)，都有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)歷史研究與欣賞價值。從書法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)角度看，這里(li)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)刻包括有(you)隸書、楷(kai)書、草書、篆(zhuan)書、行書等(deng)多(duo)種，每種書體中又(you)富于變化(hua)，各具特(te)色，基本上代(dai)表了(le)(le)唐代(dai)以(yi)來我(wo)國(guo)書法(fa)(fa)藝術(shu)發展(zhan)演變的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)貌，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)處珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)書法(fa)(fa)藝術(shu)寶庫。

平度縣天柱山摩崖刻石

天(tian)柱山(shan)摩崖(ya)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)平度縣(xian)北(bei)25公(gong)(gong)(gong)里處(chu)(chu)。山(shan)中除(chu)魏(wei)(wei)碑外，還有(you)(you)東(dong)漢、東(dong)魏(wei)(wei)、北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)以(yi)及金、元(yuan)等歷代刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)，極堪觀(guan)賞(shang)。立在(zai)天(tian)柱山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)的(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)碑，亦稱鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)碑，全稱“魏(wei)(wei)左中書(shu)(shu)令秘書(shu)(shu)監鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑”。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)乃鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)謚號。該碑傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子一(yi)(yi)北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)光(guang)洲(zhou)（洲(zhou)志(zhi)在(zai)現(xian)(xian)掖縣(xian)） 刺史鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭(zhao)于水平四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)511年(nian)(nian)(nian)）所書(shu)(shu)鐫。其(qi)內容系為(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)家(jia)歌功頌德，并記述(shu)了鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)的(de)生平和著(zhu)述(shu)。碑由天(tian)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑狀石(shi)(shi)(shi)于碑陽(yang)面稍(shao)加琢(zhuo)磨而成， 碑高3、20米，寬、5米，文(wen)(wen)(wen)19行(xing)，計(ji)880余(yu)(yu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)。其(qi)碑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)，結(jie)字(zi)(zi)(zi)寬情，筆力(li)雄健(jian)，具(ju)篆分遺(yi)意，清包(bao)世(shi)臣贊其(qi)“有(you)(you)海鷗(ou)云鶴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致”，并說：“北(bei)碑體(ti)多榜出，〈〈鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)碑〉〉字(zi)(zi)(zi)獨真(zhen)正，而篆勢(shi)、分韻、草(cao)情畢具(ju)......真(zhen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)苑奇珍也”葉昌熾則(ze)贊其(qi)“唐初歐、虞、褚、薛(xue)楮家(jia)皆在(zai)籠罩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，不(bu)獨北(bei)朝(chao)書(shu)(shu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)，自(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)真(zhen)書(shu)(shu)以(yi)來一(yi)(yi)人而已”。山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)北(bei)，有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)然形成的(de)高大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)孔(kong)，俗(su)稱“石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)”，北(bei)宋(song)北(bei)壁(bi)亦鐫有(you)(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道照所撰(zhuan)書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)〈〈石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)〉 〉，計(ji)150字(zi)(zi)(zi)，此銘(ming)(ming)(ming)既大(da)有(you)(you)風采，又(you)書(shu)(shu)寫得 婉麗飛動(dong)，饒有(you)(you)天(tian)趣，寥(liao)(liao)寥(liao)(liao)數(shu)語，把天(tian)柱山(shan)“石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)”描繪得絢麗斑爛，令人神往。 由石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)西(xi)(xi)行(xing)， 經(jing)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭(zhao)“此天(tian)柱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)”5個(ge)大(da)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)又(you)一(yi)(yi)題(ti)刻處(chu)(chu)，爬上(shang)主峰，只(zhi)見天(tian)柱山(shan)、西(xi)(xi)云峰兩山(shan)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)對峙的(de)峽口西(xi)(xi)壁(bi)，亦有(you)(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提刻，文(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)“滎陽(yang)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭(zhao)上(shang)游天(tian)柱下息云峰” ，字(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)較大(da)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)質又(you)好，雖經(jing)1400余(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)風雨剝(bo)蝕，依(yi)然如故(gu)(gu)；寥(liao)(liao)寥(liao)(liao)十余(yu)(yu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，仍可(ke)見鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)健(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆意。 《天(tian)柱石(shi)(shi)(shi)殘(can)(can)刻》以(yi)及座落在(zai)天(tian)柱山(shan)西(xi)(xi)麓劈石(shi)(shi)(shi)門處(chu)(chu)的(de)《天(tian)柱山(shan)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)》，均系隸(li)書(shu)(shu)，傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子------北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)光(guang)州(zhou)刺史鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)述(shu)祖(zu)于天(tian)統元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)565年(nian)(nian)(nian)） 所書(shu)(shu)鐫《殘(can)(can)刻》書(shu)(shu)法(fa)工(gong)整(zheng)精細，端(duan)正而不(bu)板滯；《天(tian)柱山(shan)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)》字(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)厚(hou)重古樸，有(you)(you)漢魏(wei)(wei)規范(fan)。 《天(tian)柱山(shan)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)東(dong)魏(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)窟。窟內壁(bi)除(chu)有(you)(you)東(dong)魏(wei)(wei)《姚保顯造石(shi)(shi)(shi)塔記》外，還有(you)(you)數(shu)十尊浮屠造像， 因(yin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)久(jiu)磨損， 浮屠還算(suan)清晰，《造石(shi)(shi)(shi)塔記》已多模糊難(nan)認，但“武定六年(nian)(nian)(nian)”（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)548年(nian)(nian)(nian)）等字(zi)(zi)(zi)，尚清晰可(ke)辯。 新近發現(xian)(xian)的(de)東(dong)漢《中平三年(nian)(nian)(nian)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)》，為(wei)(wei)漢隸(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精品(pin)，漢隸(li)摩崖(ya)者，為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)見，故(gu)(gu)愈加珍貴，為(wei)(wei)我國(guo)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)藝術中的(de)瑰寶，故(gu)(gu)天(tian)柱山(shan)摩崖(ya)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)被列(lie)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家(jia)級重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保護(hu)單位(wei)(wei)單位(wei)(wei)。