城(cheng)(cheng)川城(cheng)(cheng)址位于(yu)內蒙古自治區鄂托克前(qian)旗(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)川蘇木東北。故城(cheng)(cheng)始建于(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)開元十一(yi)年(nian)(723年(nian)),為唐(tang)(tang)(tang)代宥州城(cheng)(cheng),主要安置(zhi)附(fu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)的突厥人(ren)。814年(nian)西夏復置(zhi)宥州,領長澤、延(yan)恩二縣。在1227年(nian)被毀。
城(cheng)川(chuan)城(cheng)址地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)(chu)陜(shan)北黃(huang)土(tu)高(gao)原和內蒙古(gu)東(dong)南(nan)部毛烏素(su)沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交接地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),地(di)(di)(di)貌類型由(you)黃(huang)土(tu)丘陵向沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di)轉變,屬于中國北方生態過渡(du)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中段。古(gu)城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)(chu)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)狹(xia)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草灘(tan)(tan)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心(xin),草灘(tan)(tan)地(di)(di)(di)四周(zhou)均(jun)為由(you)新月形(xing)沙(sha)丘鏈構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一望無際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)漠(mo),草灘(tan)(tan)地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦,地(di)(di)(di)下水位很高(gao)。古(gu)城(cheng)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)形(xing)制呈長(chang)方形(xing),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)、南(nan)北窄,坐北朝南(nan)。北墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)724米(mi)(mi),南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)760米(mi)(mi),東(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)600米(mi)(mi),西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)602米(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)440000平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)由(you)灰白色沙(sha)土(tu)夯筑而成(cheng),結構(gou)堅(jian)實緊密。東(dong)、南(nan)、西(xi)(xi)三(san)面(mian)(mian)各(ge)開一門,三(san)門均(jun)設甕(weng)城(cheng)護衛。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體保(bao)存較好,墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上角(jiao)樓、甕(weng)城(cheng)、馬(ma)面(mian)(mian)歷(li)(li)歷(li)(li)可見,城(cheng)垣現(xian)存平(ping)均(jun)高(gao)度(du)約8米(mi)(mi)。北面(mian)(mian)不設城(cheng)門,建有(you)高(gao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夯土(tu)臺基,為敵樓遺跡。城(cheng)外四周(zhou)修有(you)護城(cheng)河(he),痕(hen)跡明顯,部分地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)至今仍可見積(ji)水。城(cheng)內曾(ceng)經(jing)一度(du)被辟為耕地(di)(di)(di),現(xian)已退耕還草。早年遍布(bu)陶、瓦殘片遺物(wu)。出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)代(dai)銅錢(qian)從西(xi)(xi)漢(han)到西(xi)(xi)夏、金代(dai)均(jun)可見到,唯以唐、宋(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)幣數量(liang)多。
城川古城所在的位置正是漢(han)代古奢延澤所在,鉆(zhan)探(tan)結果表明城址(zhi)曾遭到焚毀。
2006年5月,被(bei)國(guo)務院分布為第(di)六批(pi)全國(guo)文物保護單位。