位(wei)(wei)于山(shan)東巨野縣城(cheng)南(nan)(nan)27公(gong)里的(de)(de)大(da)謝集(ji)鎮昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)集(ji),是西漢(han)(han)(han)(han)山(shan)陽國(guo)(guo),昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)都城(cheng).1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),被(bei)公(gong)布(bu)為山(shan)東省省級(ji)重點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)(wei). 昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi),春秋戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期為邑(yi)(yi),秦時(shi)設縣,西漢(han)(han)(han)(han)時(shi)期為郡(jun)治,景帝(di)(di)(di)中元(yuan)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)144年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))分梁(liang)地,置山(shan)陽國(guo)(guo),封梁(liang)孝王之子劉定為王,從此昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)城(cheng)就成為王國(guo)(guo)之都.漢(han)(han)(han)(han)武帝(di)(di)(di)建元(yuan)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)136年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)).改山(shan)劃國(guo)(guo)為山(shan)陽郡(jun).天漢(han)(han)(han)(han)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)97年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),乞(qi)討(tao)山(shan)陽郡(jun)為昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo),封期子劉骰為昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)王.劉骰在(zai)位(wei)(wei)十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),死后其(qi)子劉賀繼位(wei)(wei).公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)74年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),漢(han)(han)(han)(han)昭帝(di)(di)(di)駕崩,因無子嗣,劉賀被(bei)征為帝(di)(di)(di)位(wei)(wei),在(zai)位(wei)(wei)僅27天,昏庸淫亂,被(bei)大(da)將軍堆光廢為海昏候.漢(han)(han)(han)(han)宣帝(di)(di)(di)本始(shi)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)73年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))改昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)為山(shan)陽郡(jun),至東漢(han)(han)(han)(han),改為兗州刺史(shi)部.1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),菏澤地區文(wen)(wen)物(wu)工作隊(dui)對(dui)該(gai)城(cheng)址(zhi)進行(xing)了(le)(le)兩(liang)次調查勘探,探清古(gu)在(zai)平面(mian)略呈方形(xing),檔城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)1215米(mi),西城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)1377米(mi),北城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)1585米(mi),南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)1720米(mi).城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)分段板(ban)筑,土質為摻有(you)(you)石灰的(de)(de)粘(zhan)性黑土,夯層9,10,11厘米(mi)不等.城(cheng)址(zhi)上現有(you)(you)前(qian)(qian)昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi),后昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi),侯花園(yuan),城(cheng)角(jiao)劉四個村莊,范圍內發(fa)現大(da)量(liang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)遺物(wu)和少量(liang)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)遺物(wu),有(you)(you)瓦(wa),小鼻罐,淺盤細柄(bing)豆,壺,銅(tong)鏃(zu),鐵柱,弩(nu)機.陶井圈等.還(huan)發(fa)現了(le)(le)石磨,石槽(cao)房屋(wu)基址(zhi),釀造窯址(zhi).另有(you)(you)部分唐,寧,金元(yuan)時(shi)期的(de)(de)遺物(wu)如:鐵釜,研究碗,盤等.大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺存,為我們研究古(gu)昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)與興(xing)衰提供(gong)了(le)(le)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)實物(wu)資料(liao)。
昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)古(gu)(gu)便是兵家(jia)必爭之(zhi)地,秦(qin)(qin)二(er)世二(er)年的(de)"楚漢之(zhi)戰(zhan)".漢景帝三年的(de)"七國之(zhi)乩"平叛之(zhi)戰(zhan)等都曾發生在這(zhe)(zhe)里(li).昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)又是走(zou)蛟臥(wo)虎之(zhi)地,孕育(yu)出(chu)許(xu)多(duo)曠(kuang)世梟雄.西漢初,梁(liang)王彭越從(cong)(cong)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)揭竿(gan),東漢末,費亭(ting)候曹操任兗州牧于(yu)此.自(zi)戰(zhan)國至魏晉是昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)鼎盛(sheng)(sheng)時(shi)期(qi),這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶是當(dang)(dang)時(shi)重(zhong)要的(de)交通要道和冶造貿(mao)易中心.西漢時(shi),昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)城內已有了自(zi)己(ji)的(de)冶鐵(tie)(tie)業(ye)和專門管理冶鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)官,是當(dang)(dang)時(shi)全國49處從(cong)(cong)事鐵(tie)(tie)器生產的(de)官辦工(gong)業(ye)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi).據<<漢書>>記載,當(dang)(dang)時(shi)昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)從(cong)(cong)事冶鐵(tie)(tie)生產的(de)工(gong)役就是280從(cong)(cong)繁榮昌(chang)盛(sheng)(sheng)逐(zhu)漸走(zou)向(xiang)衰落(luo).迨至元末,黃河幾(ji)次決口,厚厚的(de)泥(ni)沙把這(zhe)(zhe)座(zuo)古(gu)(gu)城湮沒在黃土之(zhi)下(xia),僅留下(xia)城廓(kuo)殘桓(huan)隱(yin)(yin)約可(ke)現.據<<巨野縣巨志>>記載,明清時(shi)期(qi),每當(dang)(dang)陰(yin)雨(yu)天(tian),人(ren)們(men)仍然(ran)隱(yin)(yin)隱(yin)(yin)約約看(kan)到城闕形.這(zhe)(zhe)就是野古(gu)(gu)八景之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)"昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)煙雨(yu)".后人(ren)作憶秦(qin)(qin)娥(e)"昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)懷古(gu)(gu)"贊日(ri):煙雨(yu)歇,漠漠故(gu)城雄關(guan)堞(die).雄關(guan)堞(die),殘陽晚照,漢家(jia)陵闕.楚漢交兵流碧血,酈商(shang)沖(chong)鋒泣壯烈(lie).泣壯烈(lie),彭王略地,千古(gu)(gu)英杰。
2013年5月,被(bei)國務院(yuan)核(he)定公布為第七批全國文物保(bao)護單位。