陽谷(gu)景陽崗遺(yi)址出土(tu)的(de)龍山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)物具有明顯的(de)地(di)方性。在陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)中,以(yi)(yi)灰陶(tao)為主(zhu),黑陶(tao)較(jiao)少,紅褐(he)陶(tao)占有一定(ding)比(bi)例。紋(wen)飾以(yi)(yi)素面為主(zhu),有較(jiao)多的(de)籃紋(wen)、繩紋(wen)、方格(ge)紋(wen)。器(qi)(qi)類(lei)(lei)以(yi)(yi)盆、罐(guan)、豆(dou)、盒、甕為常見(jian),鼎、鬲(li)較(jiao)少,以(yi)(yi)罐(guan)作為主(zhu)要炊器(qi)(qi)之一,鬲(li)部(bu)飾繩紋(wen),具有許多異(yi)于典型龍山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)特(te)點。上述特(te)征(zheng)顯示(shi)這(zhe)個地(di)區(qu)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)面貌即(ji)與(yu)魯北地(di)區(qu)龍山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)城子(zi)崖類(lei)(lei)型有一定(ding)差異(yi),更與(yu)中原龍山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)不同,但與(yu)它(ta)們存(cun)在密(mi)切的(de)聯系,似(si)乎代表海岱(dai)(dai)地(di)區(qu)龍山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)一個地(di)方類(lei)(lei)型,也為中原與(yu)海岱(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)區(qu)的(de)關(guan)系研究提供了(le)新資料。
在遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)清(qing)(qing)理(li)出龍(long)山(shan)文化(hua)灰坑(keng)(keng)1 個、春(chun)秋墓(mu)(mu)1座(zuo)。灰坑(keng)(keng)剖(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有清(qing)(qing)晰的(de)文化(hua)層(ceng)(ceng),堆(dui)積(ji)厚約(yue)1.5米(mi)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)耕(geng)土,呈灰褐色,陶片、獸骨(gu)(gu)遍布(bu);耕(geng)土層(ceng)(ceng)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)漢代、商周文化(hua)層(ceng)(ceng);最下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)龍(long)山(shan)文化(hua)堆(dui)積(ji)。出土了大量龍(long)山(shan)文化(hua)中晚期(qi)的(de)遺(yi)物(wu),多為(wei)(wei)生活器皿。灰坑(keng)(keng)底(di)(di)部(bu)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)一(yi)完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)牛骨(gu)(gu)架,似(si)為(wei)(wei)祭品,對(dui)古(gu)代家畜飼(si)養的(de)起(qi)源、馴(xun)用、牲畜祭祀的(de)研(yan)究具(ju)(ju)有重(zhong)要(yao)意義。另外,還(huan)采集有小骨(gu)(gu)針、蚌(bang)刀(dao)、石(shi)(shi)刀(dao)、石(shi)(shi)斧等(deng)。春(chun)秋墓(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)土坑(keng)(keng)豎穴墓(mu)(mu)。東(dong)(dong)西長(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5米(mi),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬2米(mi),殘(can)深3.2米(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)底(di)(di)中部(bu)有一(yi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)腰(yao)坑(keng)(keng),坑(keng)(keng)內殉(xun)狗一(yi)只(zhi),頭向東(dong)(dong)。墓(mu)(mu)內出土遺(yi)物(wu)有陶、銅、骨(gu)(gu)器等(deng)共(gong)1770余件。1994年(nian),聊城地區(qu)文物(wu)管理(li)委員(yuan)會組織文物(wu)勘(kan)探隊在配合陽谷縣景陽岡(gang)公園(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)建設工(gong)(gong)程中又(you)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)一(yi)座(zuo)龍(long)山(shan)文化(hua)城址(zhi)(zhi)。城址(zhi)(zhi)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)近似(si)橢圓(yuan)形(xing),東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)——西南(nan)(nan)走向,西端(duan)較(jiao)窄,中部(bu)弧形(xing)凸出,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1150米(mi),北(bei)(bei)端(duan)寬約(yue)230米(mi),南(nan)(nan)端(duan)寬約(yue)330米(mi),中部(bu)最寬處(chu)約(yue)400米(mi),總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)35萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)。同年(nian)底(di)(di)至1996年(nian)冬,山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)文物(wu)考古(gu)研(yan)究所與聊城地區(qu)文物(wu)管理(li)委員(yuan)會又(you)聯合對(dui)其進行了鉆探、試掘(jue)工(gong)(gong)作,發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)1200平方(fang)米(mi)。經挖掘(jue)發(fa)(fa)現(xian),地面(mian)(mian)(mian)已無城垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)遺(yi)跡,地下(xia)(xia)城垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保存完(wan)(wan)好。古(gu)城遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao)現(xian)有南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)向水(shui)渠穿過,從水(shui)渠西壁(bi)可見(jian)耕(geng)土下(xia)(xia)即有岳石(shi)(shi)文化(hua)城垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殘(can)基(ji),其外側被東(dong)(dong)周城垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殘(can)基(ji)打破(po)。岳石(shi)(shi)文化(hua)殘(can)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)下(xia)(xia)壓龍(long)山(shan)文化(hua)城垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),其頂部(bu)到(dao)水(shui)渠底(di)(di)高1米(mi)余,渠底(di)(di)見(jian)水(shui),無法鉆探,估計(ji)渠底(di)(di)以下(xia)(xia)還(huan)會有數類以上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)城垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。水(shui)渠壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)暴(bao)露(lu)的(de)龍(long)山(shan)城垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內側夯(hang)層(ceng)(ceng)向里傾(qing)斜,夯(hang)層(ceng)(ceng)較(jiao)厚,不規整(zheng),城垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外壁(bi)陡直,打破(po)內側城垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)灰坑(keng)(keng),屬于龍(long)山(shan)文化(hua)中晚期(qi)。城址(zhi)(zhi)中心(xin)處(chu)并存大小兩(liang)個利(li)用原自然岡(gang)丘(qiu)經部(bu)分加工(gong)(gong)而(er)成的(de)臺址(zhi)(zhi)。大、小臺址(zhi)(zhi)分上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng),下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)主要(yao)用純凈(jing)黃褐面(mian)(mian)(mian)沙土夯(hang)筑,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)灰花土筑成。夯(hang)具(ju)(ju)分圓(yuan)棍夯(hang)與石(shi)(shi)器夯(hang),夯(hang)窩明顯,夯(hang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)清(qing)(qing)楚。
陽(yang)谷景陽(yang)崗(gang)遺址(zhi)是(shi)(shi)魯西北地區發現龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)址(zhi),其規模大(da)、規格高,在全國亦屬罕見。城(cheng)內大(da)、小(xiao)臺(tai)基(ji)布(bu)局清楚,又(you)在小(xiao)臺(tai)基(ji)上發現了(le)祭祀遺存(cun),這些都為(wei)(wei)研究龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)時期城(cheng)市(shi)結(jie)構、功能及社(she)會(hui)形(xing)態提出(chu)(chu)了(le)新的(de)課題和線索。有部分專家認為(wei)(wei)這里(li)可能是(shi)(shi)“舜都”。龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文化(hua)(hua),因發現于山(shan)(shan)(shan)東章丘(qiu)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮而(er)得名,距今約(yue)4350-3950年(nian)。龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文化(hua)(hua)陶(tao)器以(yi)灰陶(tao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),并(bing)燒出(chu)(chu)了(le)薄如蛋殼的(de)黑(hei)陶(tao)器物,表面光亮如漆,是(shi)(shi)中國制(zhi)陶(tao)史上的(de)頂峰時期。龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文化(hua)(hua)遺址(zhi)中開(kai)始出(chu)(chu)現長方(fang)形(xing)土臺(tai)式(shi)建筑,而(er)且城(cheng)址(zhi)開(kai)始大(da)量(liang)出(chu)(chu)現,近年(nian)在聊城(cheng)境內古濟水沿岸先后(hou)發現了(le)以(yi)景陽(yang)崗(gang)、教場鋪(pu)為(wei)(wei)核心的(de)八座(zuo)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)址(zhi),形(xing)成了(le)一個(ge)城(cheng)址(zhi)群,這表明當時已經開(kai)始跨入文明社(she)會(hui)門檻。
該城(cheng)址1977年(nian)12月被山東省人民政府列(lie)為(wei)省級重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),1995年(nian)被評(ping)為(wei)“中國十大考古新發現(xian)”提名(ming)獎,2001年(nian)6月被國務院批(pi)準(zhun)為(wei)全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。