芒果视频下载

龍山文化特征

陽(yang)谷景陽(yang)崗(gang)遺址出土的(de)(de)龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)遺物具有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)地方(fang)性。在陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器中，以(yi)灰陶(tao)(tao)(tao)為(wei)主，黑陶(tao)(tao)(tao)較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)，紅(hong)褐陶(tao)(tao)(tao)占有(you)一(yi)定比例。紋(wen)(wen)飾以(yi)素面(mian)(mian)為(wei)主，有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)籃紋(wen)(wen)、繩紋(wen)(wen)、方(fang)格紋(wen)(wen)。器類(lei)以(yi)盆、罐、豆(dou)、盒、甕為(wei)常見(jian)，鼎(ding)、鬲較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)，以(yi)罐作(zuo)為(wei)主要(yao)炊器之(zhi)一(yi)，鬲部飾繩紋(wen)(wen)，具有(you)許多異于典型龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)特點。上述特征(zheng)顯(xian)示這個(ge)地區(qu)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)面(mian)(mian)貌(mao)即與魯北地區(qu)龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)城子崖類(lei)型有(you)一(yi)定差(cha)異，更與中原龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)不同，但與它們存在密切的(de)(de)聯系，似(si)乎代表海岱地區(qu)龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)地方(fang)類(lei)型，也為(wei)中原與海岱文(wen)化(hua)區(qu)的(de)(de)關系研究提(ti)供了新資料。

遺址地點情況

在遺(yi)址(zhi)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)理(li)出(chu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)灰(hui)坑1 個(ge)、春秋墓(mu)1座(zuo)。灰(hui)坑剖面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)清(qing)晰的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)，堆積厚約(yue)(yue)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)耕(geng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，呈灰(hui)褐色，陶(tao)(tao)片、獸骨遍布；耕(geng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)漢(han)代(dai)(dai)、商周文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)；最下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)堆積。出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)了(le)大量龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)中晚期的(de)遺(yi)物(wu)(wu)，多為(wei)(wei)生活器皿。灰(hui)坑底部(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)現(xian)一完(wan)整(zheng)牛骨架，似(si)為(wei)(wei)祭(ji)品，對(dui)古代(dai)(dai)家畜(chu)飼(si)養的(de)起源、馴用、牲畜(chu)祭(ji)祀(si)的(de)研究(jiu)具有(you)(you)重要(yao)意義。另外，還(huan)采集有(you)(you)小(xiao)骨針、蚌刀、石(shi)(shi)刀、石(shi)(shi)斧等(deng)。春秋墓(mu)為(wei)(wei)長(chang)方形(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坑豎穴墓(mu)。東(dong)(dong)西長(chang)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)，南北(bei)寬2米(mi)(mi)(mi)，殘深3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)底中部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)一長(chang)方形(xing)(xing)腰坑，坑內殉狗一只，頭向東(dong)(dong)。墓(mu)內出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)陶(tao)(tao)、銅、骨器等(deng)共1770余(yu)(yu)件。1994年，聊城(cheng)(cheng)地區文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)管理(li)委員會(hui)組織文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)勘(kan)探(tan)(tan)隊在配合(he)陽谷(gu)縣景(jing)陽岡公園(yuan)開發(fa)建設工程中又發(fa)現(xian)一座(zuo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)。城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)近似(si)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)，東(dong)(dong)北(bei)——西南走向，西端(duan)較窄，中部(bu)(bu)(bu)弧形(xing)(xing)凸出(chu)，南北(bei)長(chang)約(yue)(yue)1150米(mi)(mi)(mi)，北(bei)端(duan)寬約(yue)(yue)230米(mi)(mi)(mi)，南端(duan)寬約(yue)(yue)330米(mi)(mi)(mi)，中部(bu)(bu)(bu)最寬處(chu)約(yue)(yue)400米(mi)(mi)(mi)，總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積約(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)35萬平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。同(tong)年底至(zhi)1996年冬，山東(dong)(dong)省文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古研究(jiu)所與(yu)聊城(cheng)(cheng)地區文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)管理(li)委員會(hui)又聯合(he)對(dui)其進(jin)行了(le)鉆(zhan)探(tan)(tan)、試掘(jue)(jue)(jue)工作，發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積為(wei)(wei)1200平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。經挖掘(jue)(jue)(jue)發(fa)現(xian)，地面(mian)(mian)(mian)已(yi)無城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)遺(yi)跡，地下(xia)(xia)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)保存(cun)完(wan)好。古城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)角(jiao)現(xian)有(you)(you)南北(bei)向水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)穿過，從水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)西壁(bi)可見耕(geng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)下(xia)(xia)即有(you)(you)岳石(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)殘基，其外側(ce)被(bei)東(dong)(dong)周城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)殘基打(da)破(po)。岳石(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)殘垣(yuan)(yuan)下(xia)(xia)壓龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)，其頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)到水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)底高1米(mi)(mi)(mi)余(yu)(yu)，渠(qu)底見水(shui)(shui)，無法鉆(zhan)探(tan)(tan)，估計渠(qu)底以(yi)下(xia)(xia)還(huan)會(hui)有(you)(you)數類以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)。水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)暴露的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)內側(ce)夯(hang)(hang)層(ceng)向里傾(qing)斜，夯(hang)(hang)層(ceng)較厚，不規整(zheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)外壁(bi)陡(dou)直，打(da)破(po)內側(ce)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)的(de)灰(hui)坑，屬于龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)中晚期。城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)中心處(chu)并存(cun)大小(xiao)兩(liang)個(ge)利用原(yuan)自(zi)然岡丘經部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)加(jia)工而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)臺址(zhi)。大、小(xiao)臺址(zhi)分(fen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)層(ceng)，下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)主要(yao)用純(chun)凈黃褐面(mian)(mian)(mian)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)夯(hang)(hang)筑(zhu)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)灰(hui)花土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)。夯(hang)(hang)具分(fen)圓棍夯(hang)(hang)與(yu)石(shi)(shi)器夯(hang)(hang)，夯(hang)(hang)窩明顯，夯(hang)(hang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)清(qing)楚(chu)。

現狀

陽谷景陽崗(gang)遺址(zhi)是魯西北地區發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)化城(cheng)址(zhi)，其規(gui)模大、規(gui)格高(gao)，在全國亦(yi)屬(shu)罕見。城(cheng)內大、小(xiao)臺基(ji)布局清楚，又在小(xiao)臺基(ji)上(shang)(shang)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)祭祀遺存，這(zhe)些(xie)都為研究龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)時期城(cheng)市結(jie)構(gou)、功能及社會(hui)形(xing)態(tai)提出(chu)了(le)新的(de)(de)(de)課題和線(xian)索。有部分專家(jia)認為這(zhe)里可能是“舜(shun)都”。龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)化，因發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)于山(shan)(shan)東章丘龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)鎮而得名(ming)，距(ju)今約4350-3950年(nian)。龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)化陶器以灰陶為主，并燒出(chu)了(le)薄如(ru)蛋殼的(de)(de)(de)黑陶器物，表面光亮如(ru)漆，是中國制陶史上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)頂峰(feng)時期。龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)化遺址(zhi)中開始(shi)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)長方形(xing)土臺式建筑，而且城(cheng)址(zhi)開始(shi)大量(liang)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，近年(nian)在聊城(cheng)境(jing)內古濟水沿岸(an)先后發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)以景陽崗(gang)、教場鋪為核心的(de)(de)(de)八(ba)座(zuo)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)化城(cheng)址(zhi)，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)一個城(cheng)址(zhi)群，這(zhe)表明當(dang)時已經開始(shi)跨入文(wen)明社會(hui)門檻。

省級重點文物

該城址1977年(nian)(nian)12月被(bei)山東省人民政府列為(wei)省級重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)，1995年(nian)(nian)被(bei)評為(wei)“中國十大考古(gu)新發現”提名獎，2001年(nian)(nian)6月被(bei)國務(wu)院批準為(wei)全國重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。