建造背景
明王朝建(jian)立初(chu)(chu)期(qi),北方的局勢(shi)很不穩定。為了(le)防御蒙古(gu)族統治集團(tuan)復辟,平(ping)山衛指揮僉事陳鏞,從明洪武(wu)二(er)(er)年(nian)到(dao)五(wu)年(nian),將筑(zhu)土城改筑(zhu)為磚城。為“嚴更漏而(er)窺敵(di)望遠”,報(bao)時報(bao)警,又用修(xiu)城余木,建(jian)造了(le)一座高達百尺的更鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou),故初(chu)(chu)名(ming)“余木樓(lou)(lou)”。又因此樓(lou)(lou)有鼓(gu)聲報(bao)時,人們也稱(cheng)之(zhi)為“鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)”。明成(cheng)化二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(1486),知府楊能在(zai)維修(xiu)該樓(lou)(lou)時,因地(di)而(er)名(ming),稱(cheng)之(zhi)為“東(dong)昌(chang)樓(lou)(lou)”。明弘治九(jiu)年(nian)(1496),吏部(bu)考工員外郎李贊(zan)過東(dong)昌(chang),訪太守金天(tian)錫,共(gong)登此樓(lou)(lou),對該樓(lou)(lou)贊(zan)嘆不已,“因嘆斯樓(lou)(lou),天(tian)下所無。雖黃鶴、岳(yue)(yue)陽亦當望拜。乃今百年(nian)矣,尚寞落無名(ming)稱(cheng),不亦屈乎(hu)?因與天(tian)錫評命之(zhi)曰‘光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)’,取其近魯有光(guang)于岱岳(yue)(yue)也。”此后,歷代(dai)重修(xiu)碑記中,一直沿用“光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)”。
建筑風貌
光岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四重(zhong)檐十(shi)(shi)字脊(ji)過街式樓(lou)(lou)閣,通高(gao)33米,由(you)(you)(you)墩臺(tai)(tai)和4層主樓(lou)(lou)組(zu)成。墩臺(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚石砌成的(de)正4棱(leng)臺(tai)(tai),高(gao)9.38米。底邊邊長34.43米,上緣邊長31.93米,總占(zhan)地1185.42平方(fang)米,向(xiang)上漸有(you)(you)收(shou)分。臺(tai)(tai)體的(de)東(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)、北(bei)四面(mian)(mian)中(zhong)部,各設有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)券(quan)(quan)形拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men),券(quan)(quan)至臺(tai)(tai)中(zhong)心處成十(shi)(shi)字交叉拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。四拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)(xiang)同,均(jun)(jun)面(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)5.76米,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)腳直(zhi)高(gao)2.90米,矢高(gao)2.88米,券(quan)(quan)上方(fang)砌門(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e),南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“文明(ming)”,北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“武(wu)定”,東(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“太平”,西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“興禮”。臺(tai)(tai)頂(ding)邊砌疊澀出檐磚三皮,上筑(zhu)女墻(qiang),墻(qiang)高(gao)1.12米,厚0.45米,樓(lou)(lou)以南(nan)向(xiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尊。南(nan)向(xiang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)兩側(ce)(ce)各開一(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men),形制與中(zhong)間拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si),東(dong)側(ce)(ce)小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e)用(yong)青(qing)石刻成,上書(shu)“鳳(feng)城仙闕”,西(xi)側(ce)(ce)刻有(you)(you) “閬苑瀛洲”,分別(bie)由(you)(you)(you)安(an)躍撥(bo)和朱續罩題寫。據史料記載,安(an)躍撥(bo)、朱續罩均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)代人士,由(you)(you)(you)此可知,此二匾額(e)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后來維修光岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)時(shi)所加刻。西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)假門(men)(men)(men)(men),只存形式,以求和東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)(xiang)稱。東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)則是(shi)登樓(lou)(lou)的(de)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)通道(dao),門(men)(men)(men)(men)寬(kuan)3.14米,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)角(jiao)直(zhi)高(gao)1.75米,矢高(gao)1.57米。拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)內(nei)又另(ling)砌小(xiao)(xiao)券(quan)(quan),門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞寬(kuan)1.86米。門(men)(men)(men)(men)內(nei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)室(shi),東(dong)設踏跺,升(sheng)4級(ji)至梯(ti)(ti)(ti)臺(tai)(tai)。樓(lou)(lou)臺(tai)(tai)南(nan)壁設有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)窗,供(gong)通風采光之(zhi)用(yong),北(bei)轉升(sheng)37級(ji)至平臺(tai)(tai),再(zai)升(sheng)15級(ji)達臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)(mian),共計56級(ji)。梯(ti)(ti)(ti)井口上筑(zhu)一(yi)(yi)敞(chang)(chang)(chang)軒(xuan),以防雨水(shui)侵入。其(qi)建筑(zhu)年代,似(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)乾隆年間。其(qi)位置恰在樓(lou)(lou)東(dong)之(zhi)中(zhong)軸線(xian)上,由(you)(you)(you)于(yu)東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主要(yao)大道(dao),增其(qi)建筑(zhu)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)標志。敞(chang)(chang)(chang)軒(xuan)面(mian)(mian)闊5間,進深3間。明(ming)間、次間面(mian)(mian)闊皆2.30米,梢間僅0.67米。梯(ti)(ti)(ti)井口占(zhan)明(ming)、次3間。梢間形成一(yi)(yi)周敞(chang)(chang)(chang)廊,柱間設檻(jian)墻(qiang),安(an)吳王靠(kao),可供(gong)登樓(lou)(lou)時(shi)休(xiu)息(xi)之(zhi)用(yong)。敞(chang)(chang)(chang)軒(xuan)不施斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),單檐歇山卷棚(peng)頂(ding),輕巧(qiao)明(ming)快。在敞(chang)(chang)(chang)軒(xuan)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)口處掛有(you)(you)當代書(shu)法名家啟功所題寫的(de)“共登青(qing)云梯(ti)(ti)(ti)”木刻匾額(e),字體清(qing)秀,筆力(li)遒勁(jing)。臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)(mian)墁(man)砌,繞以女墻(qiang),東(dong)西(xi)兩側(ce)(ce)設有(you)(you)排水(shui)道(dao)。
四(si)層主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)筑于高(gao)臺之(zhi)上(shang),全(quan)為(wei)(wei)木結(jie)構(gou),方形(xing)(xing)帶廊,高(gao)24米,共(gong)有(you)金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)192根(gen),斗拱200朵。第一(yi)(yi)層樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),地面(mian)(mian)(mian)比臺面(mian)(mian)(mian)略(lve)高(gao),呈正方形(xing)(xing),四(si)周砌以條石,面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊進深皆7間(jian),明間(jian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊特大,為(wei)(wei)4.05米,次(ci)(ci)間(jian)、梢間(jian)較明間(jian)為(wei)(wei)小,自(zi)2.79米到2.90米不等。盡間(jian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊最小,自(zi)1.75米到1.89米不等,系樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)身之(zhi)回(hui)廊。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)本身平面(mian)(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊進深皆5間(jian),用內外(wai)雙(shuang)槽(cao)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),外(wai)加圍廊,結(jie)構(gou)清爽(shuang)明了。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)身檐柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)周共(gong)20根(gen),直徑0.60米,全(quan)部包于厚(hou)達1.34米的(de)磚墻內。墻表面(mian)(mian)(mian)飾(shi)紅堊,內側(ce)無(wu)粉飾(shi),露清水磚墻。每面(mian)(mian)(mian)明間(jian)設(she)(she)板門(men)(men)兩扇,無(wu)門(men)(men)飾(shi)。冠門(men)(men)簪4個,中為(wei)(wei)菱(ling)形(xing)(xing),兩側(ce)為(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩次(ci)(ci)間(jian)開窗。內槽(cao)金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)共(gong)計12根(gen),直徑亦0.60米,髹黑漆。一(yi)(yi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)門(men)(men)內北面(mian)(mian)(mian),在明間(jian)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)穿插(cha)枋上(shang)設(she)(she)魯(lu)班神(shen)龕。 龕內設(she)(she)塑魯(lu)班神(shen)像,左右設(she)(she)小梯可供升降。龕上(shang)方懸掛一(yi)(yi)“巧奪天工”木質匾(bian)額。白底(di)黑字,為(wei)(wei)溥杰(jie)所題,龕左右金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang),木刻(ke)有(you)原聊城(cheng)縣長孫桐峰(feng)撰文,蔣維崧重書的(de)楹聯一(yi)(yi)副:“泰(tai)山(shan)東峙,黃河西(xi)臨,岳色濤色,憑欄把酒無(wu)限好,叢臺射書,微分明志,人杰(jie)地靈(ling),登樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)懷古有(you)余馨。”在一(yi)(yi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)東南門(men)(men)額上(shang),各懸有(you)木刻(ke)橫(heng)匾(bian)一(yi)(yi)方,東為(wei)(wei)“泰(tai)岱東來做翠屏”,南為(wei)(wei)“宇宙文衡”。
第二層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)闊進深仍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)7間(jian),而(er)盡間(jian)尺寸(cun)更小(xiao),自1.16米(mi)至1.26米(mi)不(bu)等(deng),實際上盡間(jian)系回(hui)廊(lang),亦(yi)即平(ping)座部分。該層(ceng)于(yu)4面(mian)(mian)明間(jian)辟(pi)門,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直3道格門,兩(liang)(liang)側為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)方眼格窗,東西兩(liang)(liang)次間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)梯(ti)(ti)井通上下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)。金柱一周內以板(ban)壁(bi)圍成一長方形室(shi),其中又(you)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大、小(xiao)間(jian)。南向中間(jian)辟(pi)門,左右(you)開圓窗。仰視之(zhi)上為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)空井,可見(jian)4層(ceng)梁(liang)架(jia)。此(ci)室(shi)過去(qu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)供“文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝君”之(zhi)用,故名(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)。據說,乾隆皇帝7次下(xia)(xia)(xia)江(jiang)南,6次東巡,9次過東昌(chang)府,5次登光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)。并多次住(zhu)在文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)內,曾先(xian)后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)賦詩13首。因(yin)此(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)也名(ming)“乾隆行宮(gong)”。文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)門兩(liang)(liang)側,有(you)(you)(you)著名(ming)史學(xue)家(jia)、書(shu)法家(jia)豐子愷(kai)題(ti)(ti)(ti)寫(xie)的藏頭楹聯一副:“光(guang)前垂(chui)后勞動(dong)人民(min)智慧無極;岳(yue)(yue)峻樓(lou)高(gao)偉大祖國(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物永昌(chang)。”二樓(lou)四面(mian)(mian)檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)各(ge)懸(xuan)掛四方木質長3米(mi),高(gao)1.4米(mi)的匾(bian)(bian)額。南面(mian)(mian)檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)懸(xuan)有(you)(you)(you):“神光(guang)鐘(zhong)暎”匾(bian)(bian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)康熙皇帝所題(ti)(ti)(ti),邊緣裝(zhuang)飾有(you)(you)(you)龍紋、玉璽,藍底(di)金字(zi)。北檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)懸(xuan)有(you)(you)(you)著名(ming)歷史學(xue)家(jia)、考(kao)古學(xue)家(jia)郭沫若為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)落(luo)成600周年而(er)于(yu)1974年題(ti)(ti)(ti)寫(xie)的“光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)”匾(bian)(bian),白底(di)黑(hei)(hei)字(zi),氣勢磅礴。東面(mian)(mian)檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)懸(xuan)“太(tai)平(ping)樓(lou)閣(ge)”匾(bian)(bian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)康熙六十年(1721)“字(zi)壓(ya)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)”的聊城籍狀元鄧(deng)鐘(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)所題(ti)(ti)(ti)。在西檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia),懸(xuan)有(you)(you)(you)“就(jiu)日(ri)瞻云”匾(bian)(bian),白底(di)黑(hei)(hei)字(zi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)代(dai)史學(xue)家(jia)解崗題(ti)(ti)(ti)。由二樓(lou)兩(liang)(liang)側梯(ti)(ti)道升16級臺階到(dao)達(da)第三層(ceng)樓(lou)面(mian)(mian)。
第(di)(di)(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)系暗層(ceng)(ceng),實(shi)際是樓的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)(gou)層(ceng)(ceng)。利用橫木穿插,梁枋(fang)扣合,將自(zi)下直貫(guan)而(er)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)12根金柱(zhu)(zhu)和20根檐柱(zhu)(zhu)從上(shang)端(duan)構(gou)(gou)成一個整體,使之(zhi)更(geng)加牢固和穩定,故三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)也是樓的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)框架。該層(ceng)(ceng)面闊進深皆5間(jian)。金柱(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)間(jian)上(shang)端(duan)是梁架,與(yu)第(di)(di)(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)貫(guan)通,所以暗層(ceng)(ceng)實(shi)僅3間(jian)。“當心(xin)間(jian)”即樓之(zhi)正中為(wei)空(kong)井(jing),四周置欄(lan)桿。柱(zhu)(zhu)頂設有顯著卷剎(cha)。此(ci)例(li)與(yu)宋《營造法式》相(xiang)符。外檐拱(gong)科相(xiang)連、梁柱(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)交,枋(fang)木相(xiang)穿,結構(gou)(gou)緊湊而(er)疏(shu)密(mi)得體,使建筑學(xue)(xue)、美學(xue)(xue)、力學(xue)(xue)、工藝學(xue)(xue)等在這座樓上(shang)得以充分體現(xian)。第(di)(di)(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)東次間(jian)由北向南上(shang)13級(ji)臺階抵第(di)(di)(di)四層(ceng)(ceng)。
第四層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)樓(lou)的(de)最高層(ceng)(ceng),共有(you)柱28根(gen),面闊進深(shen)皆3間,平面正方形,較其(qi)下諸層(ceng)(ceng)驟然縮小。明(ming)間面闊5.66米,大于其(qi)它各層(ceng)(ceng)明(ming)間,目的(de)是(shi)為(wei)十(shi)字脊(ji)加(jia)(jia)長,提高光岳樓(lou)的(de)重心,使之在外觀上更加(jia)(jia)雄偉。明(ming)間設窗6扇,次間裝冰紋圓窗。中(zhong)間為(wei)空井,四周設欄桿。屋(wu)頂(ding)為(wei)十(shi)字頂(ding),頂(ding)下正中(zhong)懸垂蓮(lian)柱,以八(ba)道斜脊(ji)分(fen)別置于三架梁及抹角(jiao)梁之上。樓(lou)脊(ji)為(wei)歇山十(shi)字脊(ji),脊(ji)頂(ding)正中(zhong)裝有(you)一座(zuo)高3米,直徑1.5米的(de)透花鐵葫蘆。
建筑特點
光岳樓雖幾(ji)經重(zhong)修,其建筑構(gou)件,大部分仍是初(chu)(chu)建時的(de)原物(wu),基本保持了(le)原來的(de)面貌,是明初(chu)(chu)建筑的(de)重(zhong)要遺物(wu),許多(duo)地方(fang)保留了(le)宋元風格。
以(yi)(yi)形式(shi)而論,磚(zhuan)臺、重檐、十字脊內(nei)部(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)空(kong)井等(deng),仍(reng)襲宋(song)元樓(lou)閣(ge)遺制(zhi);細部(bu)以(yi)(yi)柱(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)言,從明(ming)洪武初所建南京(jing)宮殿已開(kai)始用古鏡式(shi),此樓(lou)仍(reng)用宋(song)元以(yi)(yi)來的覆盆式(shi);就結構來講(jiang),柱(zhu)(zhu)之側角升起,樓(lou)置(zhi)(zhi)暗層(ceng),內(nei)外等(deng)高雙槽(cao)柱(zhu)(zhu)列,斗拱疏朗配置(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)及柱(zhu)(zhu)頭科(ke)斗口未(wei)加寬等(deng),也(ye)都上承唐宋(song)以(yi)(yi)來的傳統做法,同時也(ye)與其它明(ming)初建筑有若(ruo)干相似之處,開(kai)“官式(shi)”建筑之始。
該樓(lou)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的(de)是主(zhu)體(ti)結構(gou)(gou)與(yu)附加(jia)結構(gou)(gou)相(xiang)結合的(de)方(fang)法,內(nei)以32根通(tong)天直(zhi)上的(de)內(nei)外槽柱構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)樓(lou)的(de)主(zhu)體(ti),外以一(yi)樓(lou)圍(wei)廊和(he)二樓(lou)平座(zuo)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)樓(lou)的(de)保護層(ceng)(ceng)。外層(ceng)(ceng)結構(gou)(gou)雖易損壞,也易維(wei)修更換。圍(wei)廊和(he)平座(zuo)雖已重修多次,而(er)主(zhu)體(ti)結構(gou)(gou)卻(que)一(yi)直(zhi)未動過(guo)。第二層(ceng)(ceng)以上中央是空井(jing),前(qian)后(hou)內(nei)柱無(wu)法用(yong)梁(liang)穿越,因而(er)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)了(le)碩大抹角梁(liang),井(jing)字梁(liang),層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)環繞疊架,前(qian)后(hou)左右(you)搭(da)連(lian)構(gou)(gou)結。通(tong)過(guo)木(mu)(mu)疊木(mu)(mu)、木(mu)(mu)扣(kou)木(mu)(mu)、木(mu)(mu)跨木(mu)(mu)、木(mu)(mu)連(lian)木(mu)(mu),形成(cheng)一(yi)個牢(lao)固穩定的(de)整體(ti)。而(er)且樓(lou)的(de)形體(ti)統一(yi)而(er)有變化,有著許多微妙獨到之處(chu)。四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)口的(de)處(chu)理各不相(xiang)同(tong)。一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)宏(hong)敞(chang),二層(ceng)(ceng)低下,三層(ceng)(ceng)深遠,四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)舒展(zhan),整個形體(ti)避(bi)免(mian)了(le)機械式(shi)斜切直(zhi)線,使(shi)人(ren)感到高大而(er)秀麗。
附屬文物
光岳(yue)樓(lou)有(you)石碑(bei)7通(tong)(tong)(tong),橫條(tiao)壁(bi)碑(bei)15方(fang)。7通(tong)(tong)(tong)石碑(bei)分別立于一樓(lou)廊下四(si)周,其中南面3通(tong)(tong)(tong),東面2通(tong)(tong)(tong),北面2通(tong)(tong)(tong)。7通(tong)(tong)(tong)石碑(bei)中有(you)乾隆帝御詩(shi)碑(bei)一通(tong)(tong)(tong)。重修光岳(yue)樓(lou)記(ji)事碑(bei)6通(tong)(tong)(tong)中,各(ge)有(you)清(qing)代開國狀元(yuan)傅以漸書丹、海源閣創建(jian)人(ren)物楊以增撰文石碑(bei)1通(tong)(tong)(tong)。15方(fang)壁(bi)碑(bei)分別嵌于一樓(lou)四(si)周內外墻壁(bi)上,除有(you)3方(fang)重修光岳(yue)樓(lou)記(ji)事碑(bei)外,其余均為(wei)詠頌光岳(yue)樓(lou)的(de)詩(shi)賦碑(bei)。
維修保護
光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)主樓(lou)(lou)全(quan)系木質結(jie)構(gou),據(ju)歷代碑刻和《聊城縣(xian)志》、《東(dong)(dong)昌縣(xian)志》記載,明、清、民(min)國時期(qi),光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)進行(xing)(xing)過11次(ci)(ci)(ci)維修(xiu)。中(zhong)華人民(min)共和國成立后(hou),政府對(dui)光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)先后(hou)多次(ci)(ci)(ci)對(dui)該(gai)樓(lou)(lou)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)維修(xiu)。其(qi)中(zhong),有2次(ci)(ci)(ci)規模較大(da),1984年5月(yue)至(zhi)1985年12月(yue),對(dui)光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)主樓(lou)(lou)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)面維修(xiu),耗資45萬元。維修(xiu)的(de)主要部(bu)(bu)(bu)位,一(yi)是揭蓋翻(fan)修(xiu)了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)瓦頂(ding),更(geng)新了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)連檐瓦口,更(geng)換(huan)(huan)了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)望板和部(bu)(bu)(bu)分檐椽,重(zhong)新制作安裝了(le)(le)(le)透花鐵葫蘆(lu)寶頂(ding)。二(er)是更(geng)換(huan)(huan)、貼補、矯正了(le)(le)(le)第(di)一(yi)、二(er)層(ceng)廊(lang)柱(zhu)和第(di)四層(ceng)8根輔助圓柱(zhu),加(jia)固(gu)了(le)(le)(le)第(di)二(er)層(ceng)東(dong)(dong)北、東(dong)(dong)南、西南角檐柱(zhu),用化學高分子灌(guan)注(zhu)了(le)(le)(le)上(shang)端中(zhong)空的(de)四層(ceng)4根金(jin)柱(zhu),更(geng)換(huan)(huan)了(le)(le)(le)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分梁檁(lin)桁枋,修(xiu)補更(geng)換(huan)(huan)了(le)(le)(le)大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分斗拱(gong),更(geng)新了(le)(le)(le)第(di)二(er)、三層(ceng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分地(di)板,修(xiu)理了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門窗。三是對(dui)全(quan)樓(lou)(lou)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)油飾。四是按原樣重(zhong)新制作了(le)(le)(le)5塊匾額,重(zhong)新樹立和接(jie)補了(le)(le)(le)5通石碑。此次(ci)(ci)(ci)維修(xiu)是遵循“保持現狀,恢復原狀”的(de)原則(ze),以盡量不動原件為前提進行(xing)(xing)的(de)。1992年3月(yue)至(zhi)1993年10月(yue),對(dui)光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)基座(zuo)又(you)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)加(jia)固(gu)復貌。首先鏟除了(le)(le)(le)基座(zuo)外(wai)(wai)表的(de)水泥皮,然后(hou)對(dui)墻(qiang)體損壞(huai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)挖補,最后(hou)用45×23×10厘(li)米(mi)的(de)大(da)青磚對(dui)外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)包(bao)砌,用50×50×12厘(li)米(mi)的(de)方(fang)磚對(dui)平臺進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)鋪漫。工畢,光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)基座(zuo)又(you)重(zhong)新恢復了(le)(le)(le)初建的(de)原貌。
歷史文化
光岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)是(shi)聊(liao)城文(wen)(wen)明古(gu)老的(de)(de)象征,明清兩代(dai),京杭大運河為(wei)南北交通(tong)大動脈,沿河過往(wang)的(de)(de)帝王將(jiang)相,文(wen)(wen)人(ren)學士多都登(deng)(deng)臨此樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),憑欄詠月(yue),作詩(shi)(shi)(shi)賦詞(ci)。《東昌(chang)府(fu)志》、《聊(liao)城縣(xian)志》及現存(cun)碑刻(ke)中(zhong)就記載了120篇詠贊(zan)光岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)。清康(kang)熙四次(ci)登(deng)(deng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),并(bing)題(ti)寫(xie)“神光鍾瑛(ying)”匾(bian)(bian),乾(qian)隆皇帝九過東昌(chang),六登(deng)(deng)光岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),并(bing)題(ti)匾(bian)(bian)賦詩(shi)(shi)(shi),將(jiang)光岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)列(lie)為(wei)南巡三十(shi)六行宮之(zhi)一。中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和(he)國成立后,光岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)受到國家高(gao)度重視。羅(luo)哲文(wen)(wen)、陳(chen)從(cong)周、鄭孝燮、祁英濤等(deng)古(gu)建專家多次(ci)來聊(liao)考察(cha),給予很高(gao)評價,舒同、啟功(gong)、溥(pu)杰、郭沫若等(deng)許多名家先(xian)后為(wei)光岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)題(ti)寫(xie)了匾(bian)(bian)額和(he)楹聯。光岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)至今流傳(chuan)著關于(yu)魯班幫忙建樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)。光岳(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)是(shi)中(zhong)國古(gu)代(dai)建筑寶庫中(zhong)的(de)(de)瑰(gui)寶。1956年被(bei)山東省人(ren)民政府(fu)列(lie)為(wei)第(di)一批省級重點文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位,1988年6月(yue)又被(bei)國務院列(lie)為(wei)全國重點文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位。