簡介
在山(shan)東泰安市郊區滿莊鎮東林(lin)(lin)和西林(lin)(lin)兩村之(zhi)(zhi)間,金牛(niu)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)土崗(gang)上(shang)(shang),有(you)(you)一組氣(qi)勢恢(hui)弘,建(jian)(jian)造精美,保(bao)存(cun)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)群(qun)(qun),占地(di)(di)28畝,這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)明朝(chao)重(zhong)(zhong)臣(chen)蕭大(da)亨(heng)墓地(di)(di)。墓前(qian)有(you)(you)童男(nan)童女(nv)4人(ren),除牌坊(fang)(fang)前(qian)后(hou)對稱外,其余(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)畜、華(hua)表(biao)均(jun)左右(you)對稱,排列(lie)在長(chang)60米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)道兩側(ce)(ce)。前(qian)后(hou)石(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)柱(zhu)三門(men)式,均(jun)高10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),門(men)柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)均(jun)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)著牡丹、祥云等吉祥花(hua)(hua)紋(wen)(wen)和麒麟、獅子、鳳鳥(niao)等瑞鳥(niao)瑞獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。讓人(ren)稱異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)所(suo)有(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)鳥(niao)禽獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),都各(ge)有(you)(you)所(suo)異(yi),無一重(zhong)(zhong)筆,前(qian)后(hou)石(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang)正門(men)橫梁上(shang)(shang)各(ge)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)著進出(chu)宮圖,下梁上(shang)(shang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)著二龍(long)戲珠,搖(yao)頭(tou)擺尾,騰躍(yue)如飛,坊(fang)(fang)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)四(si)(si)柱(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)后(hou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)著8組形(xing)色各(ge)異(yi)、形(xing)態逼真(zhen)、活(huo)靈(ling)活(huo)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)獅群(qun)(qun)。六棱(leng)華(hua)表(biao)高達(da)11米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),方形(xing)基座(zuo),四(si)(si)面(mian)均(jun)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)靈(ling)芝、獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)頭(tou)等,表(biao)體周(zhou)身(shen)浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao),飄逸精美卷云紋(wen)(wen),扶搖(yao)直(zhi)上(shang)(shang),頂部一朝(chao)天吼獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),面(mian)向(xiang)南(nan)屈蹲在蓮花(hua)(hua)寶(bao)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang),其勢撥(bo)地(di)(di)通(tong)天,氣(qi)勢非凡。石(shi)(shi)(shi)羊(yang)坐臥(wo)在石(shi)(shi)(shi)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang),安詳(xiang)自如,栩栩如生。馬(ma)高2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),身(shen)長(chang)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)身(shen)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)細膩,騎具俱(ju)全(quan)(quan),裝飾(shi)華(hua)麗,形(xing)似奔馳疆場的(de)(de)(de)(de)駿(jun)馬(ma),兩虎昂首挺胸,威風凜凜,雄姿矯(jiao)健(jian)。文(wen)官雙(shuang)手(shou)握笏恭立(li),衣紋(wen)(wen)線條細膩流暢,神(shen)(shen)態安詳(xiang),端莊秀(xiu)氣(qi),文(wen)質彬彬。武(wu)(wu)官則頭(tou)戴(dai)盔甲,身(shen)穿武(wu)(wu)服,膀寬(kuan)腰圓(yuan),挺胸直(zhi)立(li),手(shou)持(chi)鋼鞭,雙(shuang)目圓(yuan)睜,炯(jiong)(jiong)炯(jiong)(jiong)有(you)(you)神(shen)(shen),真(zhen)有(you)(you)一命(ming)待發之(zhi)(zhi)勢。有(you)(you)趣(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),當(dang)地(di)(di)群(qun)(qun)眾說:“獅、虎、羊(yang)、馬(ma)”四(si)(si)禽獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)各(ge)有(you)(you)寓意(yi)(yi),它代表(biao)忠(zhong)孝節義(yi)四(si)(si)種含意(yi)(yi)。更有(you)(you)趣(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),這各(ge)組石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)也分上(shang)(shang)下年(nian)(nian)長(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)別,凡東側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)都年(nian)(nian)長(chang)于西側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。蕭大(da)亨(heng)墓地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)約2000平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),1967年(nian)(nian)平毀。蕭大(da)亨(heng)墓碑已毀,蕭妻劉氏之(zhi)(zhi)碑尚存(cun)。神(shen)(shen)道前(qian)后(hou)均(jun)設(she)四(si)(si)柱(zhu)三間 歇山(shan)頂石(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang),兩側(ce)(ce)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)立(li)華(hua)表(biao)、武(wu)(wu)士、石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎、石(shi)(shi)(shi)羊(yang)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)馬(ma)、文(wen)侍(shi)各(ge)一對,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)精細, 物象生動。 縱(zong)觀這組石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)群(qun)(qun),布(bu)局(ju)合理,排列(lie)有(you)(you)序(xu)、結構嚴謹、氣(qi)勢宏偉、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)精細、和諧統一,是(shi)(shi)我國石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)不可多得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)珍品。2013年(nian)(nian)五月公布(bu)為全(quan)(quan)國第七批重(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單(dan)位。
地理位置
蕭大(da)亨墓(mu)位于(yu)泰(tai)安市岱岳(yue)區滿(man)莊鎮金牛山(shan)之(zhi)陽的(de)土坡上,坐(zuo)北(bei)朝(chao)南,依(yi)山(shan)傍水,其地形(xing)活像一(yi)把太(tai)師(shi)椅,北(bei)有金牛山(shan)呈椅子(zi)背(bei),東西兩(liang)側有兩(liang)座小山(shan)頭活似(si)兩(liang)椅子(zi)扶手,整個墓(mu)碑(bei)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)群布局合理,南北(bei)長(chang)(chang)809米(mi),墓(mu)堆占(zhan)地2畝,呈半圓形(xing)。蕭大(da)亨墓(mu)有前后石(shi)碑(bei)兩(liang)座,高10米(mi),寬9米(mi),4柱3門,一(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)華表高11米(mi),6棱柱體,巍然(ran)聳立(li),直(zhi)指云(yun)(yun)天(tian)(tian),華表周身(shen)(shen)浮雕(diao)(diao)卷云(yun)(yun)紋,飄(piao)逸(yi)俊(jun)美,巧(qiao)奪天(tian)(tian)工,靠頂(ding)(ding)祥(xiang)云(yun)(yun)朵透穿(chuan)棱柱,懸于(yu)半空,恰似(si)行云(yun)(yun)駐足觀望石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)勝景,頂(ding)(ding)部蓮(lian)花座上望天(tian)(tian)吼舉(ju)首南向,屈尊(zun)而坐(zuo),如醒來的(de)睡獅,仰天(tian)(tian)長(chang)(chang)嘯,聲震(zhen)環宇。兩(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)石(shi)人對(dui)(dui)(dui)峙而立(li),武侍衛身(shen)(shen)高2.9米(mi),頂(ding)(ding)盔貫甲,手握寶劍,一(yi)身(shen)(shen)浩(hao)然(ran)正(zheng)氣(qi),大(da)有力拔山(shan)兮氣(qi)蓋世的(de)雄姿(zi)。文官身(shen)(shen)披元領衣裳,袖(xiu)中干垂至(zhi)膝(xi),中正(zheng)端莊,神(shen)態(tai)祥(xiang)和,雙手握芴(wu),侍立(li)兩(liang)側,一(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)石(shi)馬高1.8米(mi),長(chang)(chang)2.6米(mi),長(chang)(chang)鬃披頸,兩(liang)耳直(zhi)豎,安閑自得。一(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)石(shi)養,臥于(yu)神(shen),安逸(yi)恬靜。一(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)石(shi)虎,巍然(ran)犬(quan)坐(zuo),怒目(mu)而視,有虎鳴深澗,嘯蕩(dang)山(shan)河之(zhi)勢,遠遠望去,若(ruo)隱若(ruo)現在蒸騰的(de)地氣(qi)之(zhi)中,瓊樓(lou)天(tian)(tian)闕,冰肌玉骨,雄偉妖嬈,壯麗纖巧(qiao),晨(chen)曦晚靄,云(yun)(yun)霧繚繞,恍若(ruo)九霄云(yun)(yun)中的(de)廣寒宮。石(shi)坊華表昂首天(tian)(tian)外,氣(qi)勢奪人,陰刻(ke)陽雕(diao)(diao),粗獷而不(bu)失細膩,俏麗而無媚骨,堪稱明朝(chao)中葉石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)藝術珍(zhen)品,游者駐足,贊嘆(tan)不(bu)已。
人文歷史
蕭大(da)亨(heng),字夏卿(qing),號岳(yue)峰(feng)。嘉靖十一年,生于(yu)泰(tai)(tai)安州放城里(今新泰(tai)(tai)市放城鄉),明(ming)萬歷(li)(li)(li)四十年卒于(yu)家。蕭大(da)亨(heng)是明(ming)代著名(ming)的(de)政(zheng)治家、軍事家,歷(li)(li)(li)仕嘉靖、隆慶、萬歷(li)(li)(li)三朝(chao),官(guan)至太子太傅(fu)(fu)兵刑(xing)兩部尚(shang)書,倍受皇(huang)帝恩(en)寵,他視民如(ru)父(fu),也很(hen)受臣(chen)(chen)民喜愛。歷(li)(li)(li)史上(shang)的(de)蕭大(da)亨(heng)是明(ming)代著名(ming)的(de)政(zheng)治家、軍事家,歷(li)(li)(li)任(ren)嘉靖、隆慶、萬歷(li)(li)(li)三朝(chao),官(guan)至太傅(fu)(fu)兵刑(xing)兩部尚(shang)書。數百年來,泰(tai)(tai)安世代流傳(chuan)著明(ming)代重(zhong)臣(chen)(chen)蕭大(da)亨(heng)的(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)故(gu)事,“免(mian)皇(huang)糧,智建(jian)無(wu)梁(liang)殿”,“進御貢,泥鰍換赤鱗(lin)”、“修(xiu)華表,巧計斗權(quan)臣(chen)(chen)”、“定木樁,計移風水(shui)寶地”、“苦讀書,自(zi)強成大(da)才”等(deng)等(deng)無(wu)不(bu)膾炙人口(kou)。蕭大(da)亨(heng)歷(li)(li)(li)任(ren)三朝(chao),功(gong)過兼有(you),對維護邊疆(jiang)和平,立下重(zhong)大(da)功(gong)勛(xun)。明(ming)廷(ting)在蕭氏(shi)墓坊上(shang)撰楹聯(lian)為“束發登朝(chao),勛(xun)業永垂(chui)于(yu)邊地;鞠躬(gong)盡節(jie),忠(zhong)勤益勵(li)于(yu)宦成”,是對蕭公功(gong)績的(de)高度評價。