簡介
在山(shan)東(dong)泰安(an)市郊區滿(man)莊鎮東(dong)林和(he)(he)西林兩(liang)(liang)村(cun)之(zhi)間,金牛山(shan)之(zhi)陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)土崗上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)組氣(qi)(qi)勢恢弘,建造精(jing)(jing)美(mei),保(bao)存(cun)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)群,占地(di)(di)28畝,這就是(shi)(shi)明(ming)朝重(zhong)臣蕭大(da)亨墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)。墓(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)童(tong)男童(tong)女4人,除牌坊(fang)(fang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)對(dui)稱外,其(qi)余石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獸、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)畜、華表(biao)(biao)均(jun)左右(you)對(dui)稱,排列在長60米(mi)、寬(kuan)8米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)神道兩(liang)(liang)側。前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)柱三門(men)式,均(jun)高10米(mi)、寬(kuan)4米(mi),門(men)柱上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)均(jun)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)著牡丹、祥云等(deng)(deng)吉(ji)祥花紋(wen)和(he)(he)麒麟、獅子(zi)、鳳鳥(niao)等(deng)(deng)瑞(rui)鳥(niao)瑞(rui)獸。讓人稱異的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)所(suo)有(you)(you)花鳥(niao)禽獸,都各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)所(suo)異,無一(yi)(yi)重(zhong)筆,前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang)正門(men)橫梁上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)各(ge)(ge)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)著進(jin)出宮圖,下(xia)梁上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)著二龍戲珠,搖(yao)頭擺尾,騰(teng)躍如(ru)(ru)飛,坊(fang)(fang)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)四(si)(si)柱的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑著8組形色各(ge)(ge)異、形態(tai)逼真(zhen)、活靈(ling)活現的(de)(de)(de)(de)獅群。六棱華表(biao)(biao)高達11米(mi),方形基座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),四(si)(si)面均(jun)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)靈(ling)芝(zhi)、獸頭等(deng)(deng),表(biao)(biao)體周(zhou)身浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao),飄逸精(jing)(jing)美(mei)卷云紋(wen),扶(fu)搖(yao)直(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),頂(ding)部一(yi)(yi)朝天(tian)吼(hou)獸,面向南(nan)屈蹲(dun)在蓮(lian)花寶座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),其(qi)勢撥地(di)(di)通天(tian),氣(qi)(qi)勢非凡。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)羊坐臥在石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),安(an)詳自(zi)如(ru)(ru),栩栩如(ru)(ru)生(sheng)。馬(ma)高2米(mi),身長2.5米(mi),周(zhou)身雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)細(xi)膩,騎具俱全(quan),裝飾華麗,形似奔馳疆(jiang)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)駿馬(ma),兩(liang)(liang)虎(hu)昂首挺(ting)胸,威風(feng)凜凜,雄姿(zi)矯健。文官(guan)雙手握(wo)笏恭立,衣紋(wen)線條細(xi)膩流(liu)暢,神態(tai)安(an)詳,端(duan)莊秀氣(qi)(qi),文質彬彬。武官(guan)則頭戴盔甲,身穿武服(fu),膀寬(kuan)腰(yao)圓,挺(ting)胸直(zhi)立,手持鋼鞭,雙目圓睜,炯(jiong)炯(jiong)有(you)(you)神,真(zhen)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)命待發之(zhi)勢。有(you)(you)趣(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),當地(di)(di)群眾說:“獅、虎(hu)、羊、馬(ma)”四(si)(si)禽獸各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)寓意,它代表(biao)(biao)忠孝節義四(si)(si)種(zhong)含意。更有(you)(you)趣(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),這各(ge)(ge)組石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)也分上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)年(nian)長之(zhi)別,凡東(dong)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)都年(nian)長于西側的(de)(de)(de)(de)。蕭大(da)亨墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)面積(ji)約2000平方米(mi),1967年(nian)平毀。蕭大(da)亨墓(mu)(mu)碑已毀,蕭妻劉氏之(zhi)碑尚存(cun)。神道前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)均(jun)設(she)四(si)(si)柱三間 歇山(shan)頂(ding)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang),兩(liang)(liang)側雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)立華表(biao)(biao)、武士、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)羊、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)馬(ma)、文侍各(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)對(dui),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)精(jing)(jing)細(xi), 物象生(sheng)動。 縱觀這組石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)群,布局(ju)合理,排列有(you)(you)序、結構(gou)嚴謹、氣(qi)(qi)勢宏偉、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)精(jing)(jing)細(xi)、和(he)(he)諧統(tong)一(yi)(yi),是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)建筑(zhu)中不可多得的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝術珍品(pin)。2013年(nian)五月(yue)公(gong)布為全(quan)國第七批重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護單位。
地理位置
蕭(xiao)大亨墓(mu)位(wei)于泰安市岱岳區(qu)滿莊(zhuang)鎮金(jin)牛山(shan)之(zhi)陽的土坡上,坐北朝(chao)南(nan),依山(shan)傍水,其地(di)形活(huo)像一(yi)(yi)把(ba)太師椅,北有(you)(you)金(jin)牛山(shan)呈椅子背,東西兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)座(zuo)小山(shan)頭活(huo)似(si)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)椅子扶手,整個墓(mu)碑石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)群布局(ju)合(he)理,南(nan)北長809米(mi),墓(mu)堆占地(di)2畝,呈半圓形。蕭(xiao)大亨墓(mu)有(you)(you)前后石(shi)(shi)碑兩(liang)(liang)(liang)座(zuo),高(gao)10米(mi),寬(kuan)9米(mi),4柱(zhu)3門,一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)華表高(gao)11米(mi),6棱柱(zhu)體,巍(wei)然聳立,直指(zhi)云(yun)天(tian)(tian),華表周身(shen)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)卷(juan)云(yun)紋,飄逸(yi)俊美,巧(qiao)奪天(tian)(tian)工(gong),靠(kao)頂祥(xiang)云(yun)朵透穿棱柱(zhu),懸于半空,恰似(si)行云(yun)駐足觀望(wang)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)勝景,頂部(bu)蓮花座(zuo)上望(wang)天(tian)(tian)吼舉首南(nan)向,屈尊(zun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)坐,如(ru)醒來的睡獅,仰天(tian)(tian)長嘯,聲(sheng)震環宇。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)石(shi)(shi)人(ren)對(dui)(dui)(dui)峙而(er)(er)(er)(er)立,武侍衛身(shen)高(gao)2.9米(mi),頂盔貫(guan)甲,手握(wo)寶(bao)劍,一(yi)(yi)身(shen)浩然正氣,大有(you)(you)力拔(ba)山(shan)兮氣蓋(gai)世(shi)的雄姿。文官身(shen)披元領(ling)衣裳,袖中干垂至膝,中正端莊(zhuang),神態祥(xiang)和,雙(shuang)手握(wo)芴,侍立兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce),一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)石(shi)(shi)馬高(gao)1.8米(mi),長2.6米(mi),長鬃披頸,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)耳直豎(shu),安閑自得。一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)石(shi)(shi)養,臥于神,安逸(yi)恬靜(jing)。一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)(hu),巍(wei)然犬坐,怒目而(er)(er)(er)(er)視,有(you)(you)虎(hu)(hu)鳴深澗,嘯蕩山(shan)河(he)之(zhi)勢,遠遠望(wang)去(qu),若(ruo)隱若(ruo)現在蒸騰的地(di)氣之(zhi)中,瓊樓天(tian)(tian)闕,冰肌玉骨(gu),雄偉妖嬈(rao),壯麗(li)纖巧(qiao),晨曦晚靄,云(yun)霧繚(liao)繞,恍若(ruo)九霄云(yun)中的廣寒宮。石(shi)(shi)坊華表昂首天(tian)(tian)外,氣勢奪人(ren),陰(yin)刻陽雕(diao)(diao)(diao),粗獷而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)失細膩,俏麗(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)無媚(mei)骨(gu),堪稱明朝(chao)中葉石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)藝術珍品,游者駐足,贊嘆不(bu)已。
人文歷史
蕭(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)亨(heng),字夏(xia)卿(qing),號岳(yue)峰。嘉(jia)靖十(shi)一年(nian),生于泰安(an)州放城里(今(jin)新泰市放城鄉),明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷(li)四十(shi)年(nian)卒于家(jia)。蕭(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)亨(heng)是(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)著名的政治家(jia)、軍事家(jia),歷(li)仕嘉(jia)靖、隆慶、萬(wan)歷(li)三朝(chao)(chao),官至太子太傅兵刑(xing)兩部尚(shang)書(shu),倍受(shou)皇帝恩寵,他視(shi)民如父,也很受(shou)臣民喜(xi)愛。歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)的蕭(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)亨(heng)是(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)著名的政治家(jia)、軍事家(jia),歷(li)任嘉(jia)靖、隆慶、萬(wan)歷(li)三朝(chao)(chao),官至太傅兵刑(xing)兩部尚(shang)書(shu)。數百年(nian)來,泰安(an)世代(dai)(dai)流傳著明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)重(zhong)臣蕭(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)亨(heng)的傳說故事,“免皇糧(liang),智(zhi)建無梁殿”,“進(jin)御貢,泥鰍換赤(chi)鱗(lin)”、“修華表,巧(qiao)計(ji)斗(dou)權臣”、“定木(mu)樁(zhuang),計(ji)移風水寶地(di)”、“苦讀書(shu),自強(qiang)成大(da)(da)才”等等無不膾炙人口。蕭(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)亨(heng)歷(li)任三朝(chao)(chao),功過兼有,對維護(hu)邊疆和平,立下重(zhong)大(da)(da)功勛。明(ming)(ming)廷在(zai)蕭(xiao)(xiao)氏墓坊上(shang)撰(zhuan)楹(ying)聯(lian)為(wei)“束發(fa)登(deng)朝(chao)(chao),勛業(ye)永垂于邊地(di);鞠躬盡節(jie),忠勤(qin)益勵于宦成”,是(shi)對蕭(xiao)(xiao)公功績的高度評價。