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簡介

山(shan)(shan)西省重點(dian)(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位。在潞城(cheng)縣東南5千米處(chu)的(de)東邑鄉東邑村(cun)中，東北(bei)緊(jin)依盧醫(yi)山(shan)(shan)，西南與農舍(she)毗鄰(lin)居，松柏蒼(cang)翠(cui)，綠樹成(cheng)蔭(yin)，景色(se)十分優雅。該廟創(chuang)建(jian)年(nian)代(dai)不詳(xiang)，金(jin)代(dai)以后(hou)多(duo)次重修。 始建(jian)年(nian)代(dai)不詳(xiang)。廟坐北(bei)朝南，兩進(jin)(jin)院落，存有(you)山(shan)(shan)門、戲臺(tai)、正殿，及(ji)耳殿、廂房等。正殿面闊三間，進(jin)(jin)深六椽，單(dan)檐懸山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)；因為后(hou)時屢有(you)修繕，所以風(feng)格雜糅(rou)，但是殿內梁(liang)架保(bao)留了大叉手(shou)、平梁(liang)，基本保(bao)留了金(jin)代(dai)原建(jian)時的(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)。

綜述

東邑(yi)村(cun)距縣城(cheng)(cheng)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)約5公里,古(gu)(gu)稱黃邑(yi),舊屬葛(ge)(ge)井(jing)(jing)鄉。平順九天(tian)圣(sheng)母廟(miao)碑《重修九天(tian)圣(sheng)母廟(miao)記(ji)》中記(ji)載：“古(gu)(gu)潞(lu)子嬰兒之(zhi)國東南(nan)(nan)(nan)數(shu)十里有(you)(you)(you)葛(ge)(ge)井(jing)(jing)鄉，鄉之(zhi)東社曰(yue)圣(sheng)母谷(gu)，谷(gu)之(zhi)四面(mian)，山(shan)明水(shui)秀，石怪木(mu)老，乃太行左也。”因“相傳葛(ge)(ge)洪師事(shi)鮑元，學道于(yu)此”，故(gu)又(you)名葛(ge)(ge)井(jing)(jing)山(shan)。東峪南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)有(you)(you)(you)“神(shen)泉(quan)”，“俗傳里人(ren)見(jian)一白(bai)虎入南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)下(xia)，覓至(zhi)山(shan)不見(jian)，止存一木(mu)箭，拔(ba)箭得水(shui)，故(gu)名。”這里寺廟(miao)林立，古(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)葛(ge)(ge)洪祠，即《潞(lu)州潞(lu)城(cheng)(cheng)縣三池(chi)東圣(sheng)母仙鄉之(zhi)碑》所謂的“蓋井(jing)(jing)葛(ge)(ge)仙公煉藥之(zhi)宮”，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)圓(yuan)寂寺，“在潞(lu)城(cheng)(cheng)縣東南(nan)(nan)(nan)十里葛(ge)(ge)井(jing)(jing)山(shan)下(xia)，唐(tang)天(tian)祐年建(jian)，今廢。”今存圣(sheng)母廟(miao)、龍(long)王廟(miao)，可(ke)以想象(xiang)到當年香(xiang)火繚繞，云蒸霞蔚的景象(xiang)。

龍王廟位于村(cun)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)，東(dong)臨五道溝，坐北(bei)(bei)面南，俯臨村(cun)莊，兩(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)落。山門三(san)(san)(san)間，兩(liang)(liang)側連(lian)接八字影壁墻(qiang)，與兩(liang)(liang)側圍墻(qiang)貫通(tong)。入山門靠西(xi)(xi)處(chu)有一眼水井，和(he)祈雨(yu)有關。山門內兩(liang)(liang)側各(ge)為三(san)(san)(san)間廂房，中間甬道直通(tong)戲臺(tai)，構成(cheng)(cheng)第一院(yuan)落，南北(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)深12.3米(mi)，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)16.7米(mi);戲臺(tai)下為通(tong)道，上為三(san)(san)(san)間倒座戲臺(tai)，正殿與戲臺(tai)相(xiang)(xiang)對，以(yi)甬道相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，兩(liang)(liang)側為東(dong)西(xi)(xi)配殿各(ge)五間及(ji)廂房各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)間，正北(bei)(bei)為大(da)殿三(san)(san)(san)間，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)耳殿各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)間，構成(cheng)(cheng)第二進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)落。南北(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)深26.9米(mi)，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)16.7米(mi)。龍王廟布局(ju)規整(zheng)有序，符合中國傳(chuan)統(tong)建筑以(yi)中軸線(xian)為主，左(zuo)右對稱的布局(ju)格式。

山門(men)三間，單檐(yan)(yan)硬山頂(ding)，面闊(kuo)8.31米, 進深(shen)6.3米，明(ming)間中(zhong)(zhong)部設板門(men)兩扇，前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)頭斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱四鋪作(zuo)，單下(xia)昂(琴(qin)面)卷云耍頭，補間斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱雙下(xia)昂，上(shang)昂后尾挑(tiao)入垂(chui)蓮柱(zhu)，上(shang)承(cheng)托(tuo)在中(zhong)(zhong)金檁(lin)下(xia)皮，后檐(yan)(yan)為(wei)一斗(dou)(dou)(dou)三升(sheng)。梁架(jia)由四栿(fa)、平梁、插手構成，灰(hui)布瓦頂(ding)，磚木結構，從建筑(zhu)形制和藝術構件的特征看，應是清代(dai)遺物。東側(ce)廂(xiang)房用(yong)作(zuo)伙房，西側(ce)廂(xiang)房用(yong)作(zuo)宿舍，宿舍門(men)窗開向廟外，均拆改為(wei)現代(dai)建筑(zhu)。

戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)三間(jian)，倒(dao)座式，即坐南朝北，面(mian)向正(zheng)殿，面(mian)闊9.9、進深(shen)6.56米(mi)，單(dan)檐(yan)硬山(shan)頂，灰布瓦頂。上(shang)下兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)，下層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)通道，通道頂部鋪木板(ban)，正(zheng)面(mian)(面(mian)向山(shan)門(men)(men))墻體直達檐(yan)口(kou)。中間(jian)開方(fang)形(xing)門(men)(men)，上(shang)部做拱形(xing)門(men)(men)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，沙(sha)石(shi)(shi)材質，雕刻(ke)蓮花(hua)、龍、蓮瓣(ban)圖案，上(shang)方(fang)鑲“民生潤澤”石(shi)(shi)匾(bian)(0.75米(mi)×2.46米(mi))一塊。背(bei)面(mian)(戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)正(zheng)面(mian))，明間(jian)下部為(wei)(wei)長方(fang)形(xing)門(men)(men)洞(dong)，東側石(shi)(shi)砌(qi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)階，可達上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)。戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)前檐(yan)斗(dou)栱四(si)鋪作(zuo)單(dan)下昂(ang)(ang)，卷云式昂(ang)(ang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。柱頭(tou)(tou)(tou)斗(dou)栱耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)為(wei)(wei)象(xiang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，補間(jian)為(wei)(wei)龍頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。明間(jian)雀替為(wei)(wei)龍頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，兩(liang)(liang)次間(jian)為(wei)(wei)象(xiang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。梁(liang)架由(you)四(si)椽栿、平梁(liang)構成。梁(liang)架殘(can)存部分有彩畫，無壁(bi)畫。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)口(kou)被(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)窗壘砌(qi)封閉，兩(liang)(liang)側東西耳(er)房已被(bei)(bei)拆除，但建(jian)筑和架檁(lin)的痕跡清晰可辨(bian)，應為(wei)(wei)唱戲時化裝(zhuang)、休息的場所。

正殿(dian)是龍王廟主要的建筑，位(wei)于中軸線(xian)北端，坐落(luo)在長14.76、寬13.5、高(gao)1米的臺基(ji)之上(shang)，臺基(ji)東(dong)、西、南三面(mian)設臺階(jie)。正殿(dian)三間(jian)，面(mian)闊13.24、進深11.97米，單(dan)檐(yan)懸山頂，灰瓦，大吻(wen)、垂(chui)獸、戧獸、套(tao)獸均為琉(liu)璃雕(diao)花，正脊(ji)每面(mian)6條龍，垂(chui)脊(ji)雕(diao)鳳，均配飾牡丹(dan)，可(ke)惜垂(chui)脊(ji)只留(liu)一條脊(ji)剎，有“嘉慶元年五月立”題記。明(ming)間(jian)設板(ban)門(men)(已毀)，兩次間(jian)為坎墻直欞(ling)窗(chuang)，明(ming)間(jian)覆盆柱礎，青石淺雕(diao)云龍圖(tu)案，次間(jian)為方形(xing)石料基(ji)座(zuo)。

砌上(shang)露明造，舉架(jia)平緩，減柱(zhu)(zhu)造，方(fang)(fang)形(xing)抹棱金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)、山(shan)柱(zhu)(zhu)，檐柱(zhu)(zhu)收殺、側腳(jiao)，柱(zhu)(zhu)頭卷剎顯著(zhu)，設(she)(she)欄額(e)普拍(pai)枋(fang)。用(yong)(yong)材自然粗(cu)放，面不規整，圓(yuan)木(mu)稍加砍制便使用(yong)(yong)，采用(yong)(yong)乳栿(fa)對四椽栿(fa)，栿(fa)上(shang)兩蜀柱(zhu)(zhu)(有方(fang)(fang)形(xing)、圓(yuan)形(xing))上(shang)有大(da)斗，平梁座于斗內，縱向出(chu)栱(gong)托(tuo)替(ti)木(mu)、承(cheng)(cheng)金(jin)檁(lin)(lin)，蜀柱(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)由(you)縱向襻間(jian)枋(fang)連接。平梁上(shang)設(she)(she)插(cha)手，脊瓜(gua)柱(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)設(she)(she)置合(he)■，上(shang)承(cheng)(cheng)大(da)斗捧接令栱(gong)、替(ti)木(mu)承(cheng)(cheng)托(tuo)脊檁(lin)(lin)。侏儒(ru)柱(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)插(cha)合(he)■，蜀柱(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)用(yong)(yong)駝(tuo)峰(feng)，合(he)■、駝(tuo)峰(feng)兼(jian)而用(yong)(yong)之的做法(fa)較為少見(jian)。各縫梁架(jia)結構處理一致，四椽栿(fa)插(cha)入后(hou)(hou)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)內設(she)(she)后(hou)(hou)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)(cheng)托(tuo)，椽頭卷剎明顯。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體均為坎磨青(qing)灰磚砌筑，正(zheng)面兩次間(jian)設(she)(she)坎墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，兩山(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)及后(hou)(hou)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)均砌至檐口。

柱(zhu)頭斗栱：五鋪(pu)作，單抄單下(xia)昂，耍頭昂形，重(zhong)拱(gong)(gong)計心造。里(li)轉四鋪(pu)作，出(chu)華拱(gong)(gong)一(yi)挑，第二跳昂后尾作雀替狀承(cheng)(cheng)托乳(ru)栿(fa)(fa)。正(zheng)身耍頭為(wei)真昂與令拱(gong)(gong)相(xiang)交(jiao)上承(cheng)(cheng)隨檁(lin)(lin)枋、檁(lin)(lin)檐，后尾由乳(ru)栿(fa)(fa)駝峰承(cheng)(cheng)托，上座(zuo)大(da)斗，下(xia)承(cheng)(cheng)金檁(lin)(lin)，在(zai)結構中起著(zhu)重(zhong)要的作用。

明間(jian)補(bu)間(jian)斗栱：五鋪作，單抄單下昂，重拱計心(xin)造。櫨(lu)斗作圓形(xing)，共12瓣，第(di)一跳(tiao)華(hua)栱兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)出(chu)45°斜栱，第(di)二跳(tiao)下昂兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)出(chu)45°斜栱兩(liang)(liang)縫(feng)，令栱加長，正身(shen)為(wei)昂，兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)45°出(chu)兩(liang)(liang)縫(feng)耍(shua)頭，上承隨(sui)檁(lin)枋、檐檁(lin)里(li)轉五鋪作，偷(tou)心(xin)造。華(hua)栱兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)45°斜出(chu)耍(shua)頭，上昂后尾插(cha)入(ru)垂連柱，上承金檁(lin)。它和五臺(tai)山佛光寺文殊殿明間(jian)補(bu)間(jian)斗栱的(de)形(xing)制如出(chu)一轍。這種在(zai)45°角線上出(chu)龐大的(de)斜栱兩(liang)(liang)縫(feng)，第(di)二跳(tiao)加至四縫(feng)，使斗栱的(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)如同怒放的(de)花束，是遼金兩(liang)(liang)代斗栱獨有(you)的(de)構(gou)造特征，金代尤為(wei)顯著(zhu)。

次(ci)間(jian)補間(jian)斗(dou)栱(gong)：正身與明間(jian)結構基本一致，唯櫨斗(dou)作(zuo)六瓣(ban)，二、三跳(tiao)45°斜栱(gong)耍頭一縫，三令栱(gong)作(zuo)鴛(yuan)鴦(yang)交首狀，出斜栱(gong)。

金(jin)柱斗(dou)栱(gong)：四(si)鋪作，設(she)欄額，斗(dou)栱(gong)十(shi)字相交，承托四(si)椽栿(fa)與乳栿(fa)結(jie)(jie)點，縱向(xiang)有襻(pan)間枋。正身栱(gong)做雀替狀施于(yu)乳栿(fa)下(xia)。從結(jie)(jie)構上看，正殿主(zhu)要構件是金(jin)代物。

東西耳殿各三間(jian)(jian)，通面闊7.5米，前插廊，單檐硬山頂，縱(zong)向(xiang)磚券窯洞。面為三間(jian)(jian)實為一間(jian)(jian)，明間(jian)(jian)后墻砌拱形神龕，布(bu)筒板瓦(wa)，脊(ji)為雕龍圖案。

東西(xi)配殿及廂(xiang)房分設(she)于大殿、戲(xi)臺與(yu)山門兩(liang)側，均為硬山式建筑，自北而南(nan)(nan)配殿五間(jian)有(you)前廊，中間(jian)三(san)間(jian)，南(nan)(nan)端三(san)間(jian)，建筑已被修改得面目全(quan)非(fei)，唯東側中間(jian)三(san)間(jian)可(ke)看出清(qing)代樣式。

正殿前臺基上，東(dong)西各蹲(dun)一(yi)石獅，被移至(zhi)學校門前。廟中碑刻在(zai)“文革(ge)”期間(jian)遺失，現今(jin)還沒有(you)找到(dao)其(qi)創始(shi)年(nian)代的文字記載。

龍王廟(miao)布(bu)局規整對稱，保存完整，“神殿與戲臺結合構成神廟(miao)，是(shi)北宋以后中國(guo)本土宗教(jiao)場所的(de)顯著特征。”他們結合的(de)思想基礎是(shi)孔子的(de)“興于(yu)禮(li)(li)(li)，成于(yu)樂”的(de)禮(li)(li)(li)樂觀，神殿象征著禮(li)(li)(li)，戲臺象征著樂，禮(li)(li)(li)樂是(shi)祭祀的(de)兩(liang)面(mian)。“無戲樓(lou)則廟(miao)貌不稱，無戲樓(lou)則觀瞻(zhan)不雅(ya)”，沒有戲臺，“不惟戲無以演，神無以奉，抑且為(wei)一村之(zhi)羞也，這種思想體現(xian)了(le)“禮(li)(li)(li)以節(jie)人(ren)，樂以和人(ren)”的(de)禮(li)(li)(li)樂制度對中國(guo)社會的(de)影(ying)響。晉東南地(di)區多神廟(miao)，每(mei)年的(de)雩祭儀(yi)式和春祈(qi)秋報相結合，造就了(le)當地(di)以取水(shui)求(qiu)雨(yu)為(wei)主(zhu)旨的(de)獨特的(de)賽(sai)社活動。

農業社會，人(ren)們大的(de)企盼就是(shi)風調雨(yu)(yu)順(shun)，來年能有(you)(you)(you)(you)好收成。龍(long)(long)王(wang)作為(wei)司雨(yu)(yu)水之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)，便格外受到(dao)人(ren)們的(de)尊崇。早在秦(qin)始(shi)皇時，就有(you)(you)(you)(you)“黃帝得土(tu)德，黃龍(long)(long)地(di)(di)寅見(jian)。夏得木德，青龍(long)(long)止于郊……今秦(qin)變周(zhou),水德之(zhi)時。昔秦(qin)文公出獵，獲黑(hei)龍(long)(long)，此(ci)(ci)其水德之(zhi)瑞(rui)”的(de)記(ji)載。到(dao)漢代，民(min)間出現了以(yi)五(wu)色龍(long)(long)祈(qi)雨(yu)(yu)的(de)習俗(su)。《唐(tang)志》：“上黨有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)龍(long)(long)山。”《十六國春秋》：“西燕(yan)慕容永時有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)色云(yun)見(jian)于此(ci)(ci)，遇旱禱(dao)(dao)雨(yu)(yu)輒應，因置祠(ci)以(yi)祀(si)五(wu)方之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。”據《宋會要輯稿》記(ji)載：“國朝緣(yuan)唐(tang)祭(ji)五(wu)龍(long)(long)之(zhi)制,春秋常行其祀(si)。先(xian)是(shi)熙寧十年八月(yue)信州有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)龍(long)(long)廟(miao),禱(dao)(dao)雨(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)應,賜額(e)曰(yue)：‘會應’。自是(shi)五(wu)龍(long)(long)廟(miao)皆以(yi)此(ci)(ci)名額(e)云(yun)。徽宗(zong)大觀二(er)年十月(yue),詔天下(xia)五(wu)龍(long)(long)廟(miao)皆封王(wang)爵。青龍(long)(long)神(shen)(shen)封廣仁(ren)王(wang),赤(chi)龍(long)(long)神(shen)(shen)封嘉澤(ze)王(wang),黃龍(long)(long)神(shen)(shen)封孚應王(wang),白龍(long)(long)神(shen)(shen)封義濟王(wang),黑(hei)龍(long)(long)神(shen)(shen)封靈澤(ze)王(wang)。”龍(long)(long)王(wang)由民(min)俗(su)之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)上升為(wei)祀(si)典之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)，為(wei)龍(long)(long)王(wang)修建廟(miao)宇(yu)成為(wei)理(li)所當然的(de)事情，龍(long)(long)王(wang)廟(miao)往往建在有(you)(you)(you)(you)泉、池、井的(de)地(di)(di)方，因為(wei)這里能“禱(dao)(dao)雨(yu)(yu)而(er)應”。晉東南的(de)府州縣(xian)志及現存石刻(ke)，到(dao)處(chu)都有(you)(you)(you)(you)禱(dao)(dao)取“神(shen)(shen)水”而(er)“靈應”降雨(yu)(yu)的(de)記(ji)錄。潞城東邑龍(long)(long)王(wang)廟(miao)山門西側有(you)(you)(you)(you)井，應為(wei)禱(dao)(dao)雨(yu)(yu)取水之(zhi)池。

雩祭作(zuo)為一種(zhong)祈雨(yu)的(de)儀式，分為官辦(ban)和民辦(ban)兩類。

從商周(zhou)開始，祭(ji)祀便和(he)禮(li)(li)樂(le)(le)相伴，是國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)行為(wei)。官方主持的(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)祀活動(dong)正式(shi)(shi)莊重、規(gui)范高雅。而這種(zhong)帶(dai)有(you)宗教色彩的(de)(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)樂(le)(le)祭(ji)祀在轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)民間(jian)集體行為(wei)時(shi)，往往帶(dai)有(you)了娛樂(le)(le)游戲(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分。“祭(ji)禮(li)(li)”漸(jian)漸(jian)演變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)“戲(xi)(xi)禮(li)(li)”(蘇(su)東坡語)。學者(zhe)王(wang)國(guo)維在論及上古戲(xi)(xi)劇時(shi)說：“巫之事神(shen)(shen)，必用歌舞(wu)”，“歌舞(wu)之興(xing)，其(qi)始于古之巫乎?”在雩祭(ji)儀(yi)(yi)式(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，女巫擔任(ren)主角。廖奔先生認(ren)為(wei)“雩祭(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)在于‘以舞(wu)降神(shen)(shen)’以祈(qi)雨，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)歌舞(wu)媚神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分比(bi)較(jiao)大，它出現(xian)在農業文明興(xing)起之后。”歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積淀和(he)文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)過濾，“歌舞(wu)媚神(shen)(shen)”已演變(bian)(bian)為(wei)歌舞(wu)娛人，民間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)迎(ying)神(shen)(shen)賽社卻呈現(xian)出公(gong)眾性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狂歡。人們在這種(zhong)周(zhou)期性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)式(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)舒展(zhan)著疲憊的(de)(de)(de)(de)身心，釋(shi)放著壓抑的(de)(de)(de)(de)情感。和(he)官辦雩祭(ji)枯燥乏味(wei)相比(bi)，民間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雩祭(ji)儀(yi)(yi)式(shi)(shi)要(yao)熱(re)鬧得多(duo)。

潞城東邑村(cun)龍(long)王廟的(de)迎(ying)神賽社定在每年農歷(li)二月(yue)初二和(he)六月(yue)初六，二月(yue)二是(shi)傳(chuan)統龍(long)抬頭的(de)日子，因為二月(yue)初處于驚蟄前后，蟄伏一冬(dong)的(de)各種動物(wu)恢復(fu)(fu)活(huo)力，龍(long)也要蘇醒(xing)過來(lai)履行(xing)它降(jiang)雨的(de)職責。從時節上來(lai)說，二月(yue)進入仲春(chun)季節，這時陽氣上升，大(da)地復(fu)(fu)蘇，春(chun)耕播種非常需要土壤濕潤(run)，保有水(shui)分，若是(shi)天公降(jiang)雨，無(wu)疑是(shi)農民(min)的(de)一大(da)福祉。六月(yue)初六正值谷(gu)物(wu)秀而未(wei)實，或實而未(wei)堅，農夫希(xi)望普降(jiang)甘霖，秋天才會獲得豐收。另外，如果禱雨而應，祈得甘澤，也應演(yan)戲(xi)酬報，謝過龍(long)王。

祈雨之(zhi)前，會(hui)首(shou)要做許多準備工作(zuo)，安排(pai)好求雨、演戲(xi)、社火(huo)等各(ge)項事宜。主禮通常由陰陽先生擔任(ren)，廚師負責煮花祭(ji)、備供(gong)饌，祭(ji)樂樂戶承應(ying)，執役村民分(fen)管，鄉人表演社火(huo)。可以(yi)(yi)說，不分(fen)貧(pin)富貴賤(jian)，不論階層行(xing)業，全(quan)民都(dou)參與(yu)到祭(ji)祀與(yu)狂(kuang)歡(huan)之(zhi)中，勞(lao)作(zuo)的辛(xin)苦得到釋放，情感得以(yi)(yi)宣(xuan)泄(xie)。

廟(miao)會(hui)通常五天。第一天是(shi)隆重的(de)(de)祈雨(yu)儀(yi)式和(he)社火表演。第一項是(shi)祭(ji)拜(bai)取水(shui)。會(hui)首(shou)(shou)帶領(ling)男村民，人(ren)人(ren)頭帶柳(liu)(liu)圈(quan)，手(shou)執柳(liu)(liu)條，依次進(jin)入(ru)龍(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)正殿，專人(ren)端(duan)上(shang)花祭(ji)、供(gong)饌及長頸陶瓶(ping)，上(shang)香跪拜(bai)，三禮(li)九叩(kou)，肅穆虔禱。龍(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)坐像(xiang)近一米(mi)高，木架支成(cheng)空心，泥塑(su)，涂以油彩，黑臉，雙目迥然(ran)。拜(bai)畢，會(hui)首(shou)(shou)手(shou)捧(peng)陶瓶(ping)，舉(ju)過(guo)頭頂，領(ling)村民走(zou)至山門左側井口旁，用紅繩系瓶(ping)口，徐徐放如井中，俯首(shou)(shou)噤(jin)聲，點燃香枝(zhi)，頻(pin)(pin)頻(pin)(pin)叩(kou)首(shou)(shou)。禮(li)畢，將(jiang)紅繩系到旁邊的(de)(de)柳(liu)(liu)樹上(shang)，等待龍(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)賜雨(yu)。曬龍(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)儀(yi)式結束后，恭(gong)恭(gong)敬敬地取回神(shen)水(shui)，供(gong)奉在大(da)殿的(de)(de)供(gong)桌上(shang)。井水(shui)旱不(bu)枯(ku)，澇不(bu)溢(yi)，在民間傳說中被認為(wei)是(shi)通向神(shen)秘世(shi)界東海龍(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)居所的(de)(de)海眼。

第二項是熱鬧(nao)的曬龍(long)王(wang)(wang)巡街(jie)(jie)活動。幾個年輕力(li)壯的小伙子將龍(long)王(wang)(wang)爺抬到(dao)(dao)坐架上，扛著出(chu)行，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)是為(wei)(wei)(wei)民求雨，大家都(dou)很樂于出(chu)力(li)。八音會(hui)(hui)細吹細打(da)，在(zai)前面鳴鑼開道，龍(long)王(wang)(wang)爺緊隨其后，會(hui)(hui)首帶領眾鄉(xiang)親(qin)浩浩蕩(dang)蕩(dang)從龍(long)王(wang)(wang)廟出(chu)發，順街(jie)(jie)出(chu)村，沿田(tian)間地(di)壟到(dao)(dao)附近的三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)腦祭拜，然后返回，把龍(long)王(wang)(wang)爺放回正(zheng)殿(dian)。三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)腦已無遺跡(ji)可考，但(dan)當地(di)的百姓認為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)管一切神靈，所以(yi)龍(long)王(wang)(wang)出(chu)動一次，有必(bi)要祭拜三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)。三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)有上三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、中(zhong)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、下三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)的說法。上三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)指天皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、地(di)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、人皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，他們是傳說中(zhong)天、地(di)、人的祖先，其中(zhong)天皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)氣，地(di)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)德，人皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)生(sheng)。中(zhong)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)伏(fu)羲、女(nv)媧、神農。下三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)是黃帝、堯、舜(shun)。

曬(shai)(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)這種(zhong)儀(yi)式(shi)，大概(gai)源(yuan)于(yu)幾(ji)種(zhong)想法(fa)：第一(yi)，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是喜靜不喜動(dong)(dong)的(de)動(dong)(dong)物，平時潛居幽深的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)洞、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)泉、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井之(zhi)中，現(xian)在敲鑼打(da)鼓這么一(yi)鬧騰(teng)，便(bian)會興(xing)風作(zuo)(zuo)浪(lang)，布雨(yu)(yu)降霖。第二，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)司雨(yu)(yu)之(zhi)神，應(ying)該讓(rang)它及時了解(jie)民間旱情，不能褻守瀆職，不管老百(bai)姓(xing)疾苦(ku)。第三，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)爺怕熱，被放在太(tai)陽下暴曬(shai)(shai)(shai)，曬(shai)(shai)(shai)出汗了，流(liu)(liu)到(dao)人(ren)間便(bian)是甘露。考(kao)究曬(shai)(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)這一(yi)習(xi)(xi)俗(su)的(de)由來，龔維英先(xian)生認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)讓(rang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)受苦(ku)源(yuan)于(yu)讓(rang)巫覡受苦(ku)。他(ta)說：“本世50年代初期，農民抗旱，尚(shang)‘烤龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)’求(qiu)雨(yu)(yu)，即曝巫之(zhi)遺存。”但把龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)當作(zuo)(zuo)巫覡，似乎(hu)有點(dian)勉強。苑利先(xian)生認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)：“曬(shai)(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)實際上(shang)源(yuan)于(yu)上(shang)古(gu)另一(yi)種(zhong)更古(gu)老的(de)習(xi)(xi)俗(su)——造(zao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。”但為(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么造(zao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)會致(zhi)雨(yu)(yu)，不得(de)(de)而(er)知。《淮(huai)南子·墜形(xing)訓》云：“土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)致(zhi)雨(yu)(yu)。”高誘(you)注(zhu)曰(yue)：“湯遭旱，作(zuo)(zuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以象龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，云從龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，故致(zhi)雨(yu)(yu)也。”《山海經·大荒東經》曰(yue)：“旱而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)應(ying)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)之(zhi)狀，乃(nai)得(de)(de)大雨(yu)(yu)。”說得(de)(de)就是造(zao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)求(qiu)雨(yu)(yu)。宋(song)真宗咸平元年(998年)，“內出李祈雨(yu)(yu)法(fa)，以甲乙日擇東方地作(zuo)(zuo)壇，取土(tu)(tu)(tu)造(zao)青龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，詣龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)所(suo)汲流(liu)(liu)水。”有可(ke)能是因為(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是用泥做的(de)，需(xu)要在太(tai)陽下暴曬(shai)(shai)(shai)才(cai)可(ke)定形(xing)，所(suo)以有了曬(shai)(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)這一(yi)風俗(su)。

接下來是比較刺(ci)激的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斬(zhan)旱(han)(han)魃(ba)儀式。旱(han)(han)魃(ba)是中(zhong)國(guo)神話中(zhong)干(gan)旱(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制造(zao)者，《詩經·云(yun)漢》有語“旱(han)(han)魃(ba)為虐，如焱如焚”。旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制作方法很簡單，用樹枝(zhi)做個(ge)身子骨架，外面(mian)用彩紙(zhi)糊裱，菜瓜做頭(tou)，掏(tao)空瓜瓤，注進紅水，封(feng)嚴。把(ba)旱(han)(han)魃(ba)放到平板車上，沿街(jie)游行(xing)，回到龍王廟后(hou)，主禮歷數旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種種罪(zui)狀(zhuang)，然后(hou)一聲喝令(ling)，旁邊手執利刃(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小伙子一刀砍(kan)下旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)，“鮮血”淋漓。不過現在旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制作多(duo)了(le)幾分游戲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心態，紙(zhi)糊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旱(han)(han)魃(ba)身子里填滿鞭炮，頭(tou)應聲倒地之(zhi)后(hou)，身子也噼里啪啦燃燒起來，頗為刺(ci)激。百姓認為除(chu)掉旱(han)(han)魃(ba)，才(cai)會風調雨順，五谷豐登。

最后進行(xing)的是紅火熱(re)鬧的社(she)火表演，“扛裝”、“晃杠(gang)”、“踩蹺”是傳統的表演項(xiang)目，下面逐(zhu)一介(jie)紹。

扛(kang)裝：一成年男子肩負鐵架(jia)，架(jia)上安(an)一根(gen)1米多長(chang)的(de)(de)鐵棍，棍端(duan)橫懸一圓形(xing)支(zhi)架(jia)，支(zhi)架(jia)的(de)(de)下端(duan)是用布做成的(de)(de)卡(ka)通動物(wu)，一位五(wu)六歲的(de)(de)兒童輕坐于上，臉部化裝成戲劇角色，頭戴花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)，花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)左右插兩翎，身披斗篷，腰系裙子，腳(jiao)穿繡花(hua)(hua)鞋，手拿(na)扇子、花(hua)(hua)束，隨著八音(yin)會的(de)(de)伴奏，男子和兒童有韻律地擺(bai)動。

晃杠：最(zui)下(xia)端(duan)是一木(mu)箱(xiang)，內裝(zhuang)(zhuang)石塊(kuai)或(huo)鐵(tie)等(deng)沉重物(wu)，外飾(shi)彩繪。木(mu)箱(xiang)正中豎(shu)插木(mu)桿，木(mu)桿上豎(shu)著固定三面(mian)(mian)(mian)大鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，每面(mian)(mian)(mian)大鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的左(zuo)右橫(heng)著固定兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)小鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)周圍用彩綢花束裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)，鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之間(jian)書寫“國(guo)泰(tai)民(min)安(an)”、“風調雨順”、“祈福報功”等(deng)字樣，最(zui)上端(duan)插雞毛撣子(zi)(zi)(zi)。木(mu)箱(xiang)前后(hou)橫(heng)插一杠，由兩青年(nian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)對面(mian)(mian)(mian)抬著，前后(hou)左(zuo)右四(si)人拽著木(mu)桿上端(duan)垂下(xia)來的繩子(zi)(zi)(zi)保持(chi)平衡。

踩(cai)蹺(qiao)：潞城境內廣泛流(liu)行，演員(yuan)腳踩(cai)蹺(qiao)棍，裝扮成戲曲人物，在八音會伴奏(zou)下(xia)邊(bian)唱邊(bian)舞(wu)。踩(cai)的(de)木棍在三尺以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)叫(jiao)小蹺(qiao)，三尺以(yi)(yi)上的(de)叫(jiao)高蹺(qiao)，有的(de)高蹺(qiao)演員(yuan)能(neng)在空中表演各(ge)種動作。

雩祭儀式肅穆(mu)隆重，百(bai)戲(xi)社火熱烈歡騰，廟外廣場和(he)街道人山人海。

第二天(tian)(tian)正式演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，同時(shi)廟會進行，為(wei)期(qi)三天(tian)(tian)。馮俊杰先生考證：“晉(jin)東南(nan)‘謝雨(yu)’演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，也有自(zi)己的(de)(de)風(feng)俗習慣。首先是(shi)由值年(nian)總社(she)(she)首‘寫戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)’，即聘(pin)請戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班，點(dian)劃劇(ju)目(mu)，并(bing)與(yu)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班科頭簽訂演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)合同;然后再對戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班提出(chu)(chu)(chu)許多戒(jie)條(tiao)，張榜公布;戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班也要張貼告白榜文，以(yi)聲明自(zi)己的(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)符合祀(si)典(dian)。”現(xian)(xian)在(zai)儀式有所簡(jian)化，但演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)熱情卻很(hen)高(gao)漲(zhang)。在(zai)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之前，有專人拿扎了紅綢的(de)(de)竹掃帚到(dao)村的(de)(de)四(si)(si)角(jiao)打掃，掃除(chu)旱(han)(han)(han)役和(he)災難。然后樂班鳴(ming)鑼響鞭(bian)，正式開(kai)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，先演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)賽(sai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)再演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。賽(sai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)給(gei)龍王，大戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)給(gei)百姓(xing)。賽(sai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)一(yi)種頭戴假面，綜(zong)合儺儀和(he)春社(she)(she)祭祀(si)的(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)劇(ju)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。大戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)指的(de)(de)是(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)行的(de)(de)上黨(dang)梆(bang)(bang)(bang)子。賽(sai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)很(hen)簡(jian)單(dan)，只是(shi)念白朗誦向歌唱(chang)(chang)(chang)過(guo)渡(du)的(de)(de)原始形態，有固定的(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)劇(ju)目(mu)《調(diao)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)》和(he)《斬旱(han)(han)(han)魃》。《調(diao)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)》是(shi)開(kai)臺(tai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)員頭戴面具，扮(ban)七鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)，先在(zai)臺(tai)下后在(zai)臺(tai)上跳(tiao)躍，聽候(hou)調(diao)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)師(shi)(城(cheng)(cheng)隍)訓誡。城(cheng)(cheng)隍奉玉帝旨(zhi)意，下得天(tian)(tian)庭，調(diao)來(lai)(lai)諸(zhu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神，逐(zhu)一(yi)囑咐，要他們各保一(yi)方，風(feng)調(diao)雨(yu)順。《斬旱(han)(han)(han)魃》劇(ju)情簡(jian)單(dan)，演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)趙萬年(nian)忤逆不(bu)(bu)孝事，不(bu)(bu)久變成旱(han)(han)(han)魃，穿短褲，束紅腰帶，光膀子，頭戴鮮羊肚，手(shou)端一(yi)碗(wan)羊血，被(bei)四(si)(si)大天(tian)(tian)神趕(gan)下臺(tai)來(lai)(lai)，直(zhi)(zhi)奔觀眾，觀眾立即吶喊、圍(wei)追，并(bing)以(yi)土塊(kuai)拋(pao)打。旱(han)(han)(han)魃以(yi)手(shou)灑羊血開(kai)道(dao)，并(bing)可(ke)任意抓(zhua)取、拋(pao)灑商(shang)販貨攤(tan)上的(de)(de)食物。最后，旱(han)(han)(han)魃又被(bei)四(si)(si)大天(tian)(tian)王追回(hui)舞臺(tai)斬首。其實(shi)這出(chu)(chu)(chu)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)社(she)(she)火(huo)中的(de)(de)斬旱(han)(han)(han)魃的(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)劇(ju)樣式，現(xian)(xian)在(zai)風(feng)調(diao)雨(yu)順，五谷豐(feng)登(deng)，有時(shi)也被(bei)其他傳統劇(ju)目(mu)代替，如《華容道(dao)》、《單(dan)刀會》、《二仙傳道(dao)》、《叢臺(tai)設宴》等。接下來(lai)(lai)便是(shi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)大戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)百姓(xing)稱(cheng)上黨(dang)梆(bang)(bang)(bang)子為(wei)大戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，上黨(dang)梆(bang)(bang)(bang)子形成于澤州(zhou)，以(yi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)梆(bang)(bang)(bang)子腔(qiang)為(wei)主，兼唱(chang)(chang)(chang)昆曲(qu)、皮黃(huang)、羅羅腔(qiang)、卷(juan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，俗稱(cheng)昆梆(bang)(bang)(bang)羅卷(juan)黃(huang)。唱(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)高(gao)亢明朗、粗獷樸(pu)實(shi)、直(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)直(zhi)(zhi)入、強烈激越。當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)人愛聽的(de)(de)是(shi)楊家(jia)將、岳家(jia)將等武戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，如《三關排宴》、《天(tian)(tian)波樓》、《雁門關》、《闖幽州(zhou)》等，趙樹理曾說(shuo)：“從家(jia)里到(dao)野地(di)(di)(di)，到(dao)處(chu)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)起(qi)干梆(bang)(bang)(bang)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。”可(ke)見梆(bang)(bang)(bang)子腔(qiang)在(zai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)很(hen)受歡迎。

潞城東邑龍(long)王廟(miao)廟(miao)會涵蓋了晉東南地區迎(ying)(ying)神(shen)賽(sai)社(she)諸多儀式，如取水、曬龍(long)王、斬旱魃、百(bai)戲社(she)火、迎(ying)(ying)神(shen)演劇等。農業社(she)會，人們(men)把希望求(qiu)助(zhu)于神(shen)靈(ling)，雩祭(ji)和春祈秋報無論(lun)對國家還是百(bai)姓(xing)都是重要的(de)事宜，在這(zhe)種祭(ji)祀儀式中(zhong)，祭(ji)祀禮儀、百(bai)戲雜(za)陳(chen)、戲劇演出都是奉獻給神(shen)靈(ling)的(de)藝術(shu)供品。民間(jian)(jian)把所有這(zhe)些(xie)娛(yu)(yu)神(shen)又娛(yu)(yu)人的(de)活動統稱為“社(she)火”。宋代范成大《上元紀吳中(zhong)節物俳諧體(ti)三十(shi)二韻》：“輕(qing)薄行歌(ge)過，癲狂社(she)舞狂。”自注：“民間(jian)(jian)鼓樂謂之社(she)火，不可悉記，大抵以滑稽取笑。”上黨地區的(de)迎(ying)(ying)神(shen)賽(sai)社(she)能夠生(sheng)生(sheng)不息(xi)，繁衍千年而不衰，是因為人們(men)在宗教祭(ji)祀和官方禮儀中(zhong)找到了緩(huan)解疲勞(lao)舒展身心的(de)通道(dao)，他們(men)等待著這(zhe)種周期性的(de)、年復一年的(de)盛宴到來，呈現著真實的(de)民眾狂歡和世俗娛(yu)(yu)樂。

建筑

現(xian)存(cun)主(zhu)要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)(yu)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)時期的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)。廟(miao)坐北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)，共為兩進(jin)院(yuan)落，中軸線(xian)上有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)，戲(xi)(xi)樓、正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩側有(you)耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、廂房(fang)等，共有(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)(yu)33間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)位(wei)居廟(miao)前、面(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。琉(liu)璃脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)瓦(wa)作(zuo)(zuo)。琉(liu)璃以黃綠紅(hong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)色為主(zhu)，色彩(cai)艷麗。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)科(ke)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)踩(cai)(cai)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)(cheng)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)面(mian)式(shi)(shi)，耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)型(xing)(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)，斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)科(ke)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)門(men)， 以作(zuo)(zuo)通道(dao)。倒(dao)座(zuo)戲(xi)(xi)樓位(wei)居山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，面(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，上下(xia)兩層，下(xia)面(mian)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)通道(dao)，上建(jian)戲(xi)(xi)樓，硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)科(ke)五(wu)踩(cai)(cai)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)雙下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)(cheng)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)面(mian)式(shi)(shi)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)兩朵(duo)，斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)形制同(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)科(ke)。前后(hou)檐(yan)(yan)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)(fang)額，結構(gou)精(jing)巧。屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)琉(liu)璃脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)布(bu)(bu)瓦(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，古(gu)樸(pu)雅(ya)致。正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)系廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)一個(ge)主(zhu)體建(jian)筑(zhu)，建(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)臺(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)上，廣深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，六架(jia)椽(chuan)屋(wu)(wu)，四(si)椽(chuan)栿(fa)對前乳栿(fa)，通檐(yan)(yan)用三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)為柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)四(si)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一，柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)升(sheng)起與(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側角(jiao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)五(wu)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)抄單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)為琴(qin)(qin)(qin)面(mian)式(shi)(shi)，耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)型(xing)(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)一朵(duo)，出四(si)十五(wu)度斜拱(gong)(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)四(si)椽(chuan)栿(fa)上置平梁，用脊(ji)(ji)瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，大叉手(shou)，梁架(jia)規整(zheng)(zheng)，結構(gou)簡練，雖(sui)經后(hou)人(ren)多次(ci)重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，仍保留金(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)琉(liu)璃脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)布(bu)(bu)瓦(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，舉(ju)折平緩(huan)，出檐(yan)(yan)深(shen)遠(yuan)。前檐(yan)(yan)破子欞(ling)窗(chuang)，隔(ge)扇門(men)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)壁殘存(cun)人(ren)物故(gu)事，壁畫依稀可見。整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂氣勢(shi)雄(xiong)偉，古(gu)樸(pu)壯(zhuang)觀。 山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省重點文物保護(hu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)。在潞城縣東(dong)(dong)南(nan)5千米處(chu)的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)邑(yi)(yi)鄉東(dong)(dong)邑(yi)(yi)村中，東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)緊依盧醫(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)與(yu)農舍毗鄰居，松柏蒼翠(cui)，綠樹成(cheng)蔭，景色十分(fen)優雅(ya)。該廟(miao)創建(jian)年代(dai)不詳(xiang)，金(jin)(jin)代(dai)以后(hou)多次(ci)重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。現(xian)存(cun)主(zhu)要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)(yu)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)時期的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)。廟(miao)坐北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)，共為兩進(jin)院(yuan)落，中軸線(xian)上有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)，戲(xi)(xi)樓、正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩側有(you)耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、廂房(fang)等，共有(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)(yu)33間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)位(wei)居廟(miao)前、面(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。琉(liu)璃脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)瓦(wa)作(zuo)(zuo)。琉(liu)璃以黃綠紅(hong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)色為主(zhu)，色彩(cai)艷麗。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)科(ke)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)踩(cai)(cai)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)(cheng)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)面(mian)式(shi)(shi)，耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)型(xing)(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)，斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)科(ke)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)門(men)，以作(zuo)(zuo)通道(dao)。倒(dao)座(zuo)戲(xi)(xi)樓位(wei)居山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，面(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，上下(xia)兩層，下(xia)面(mian)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)通道(dao)，上建(jian)戲(xi)(xi)樓，硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)科(ke)五(wu)踩(cai)(cai)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)雙下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)(cheng)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)面(mian)式(shi)(shi)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)兩朵(duo)，斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)形制同(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)科(ke)。前后(hou)檐(yan)(yan)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)(fang)額，結構(gou)精(jing)巧。屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)琉(liu)璃脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)布(bu)(bu)瓦(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，古(gu)樸(pu)雅(ya)致。正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)系廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)一個(ge)主(zhu)體建(jian)筑(zhu)，建(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)臺(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)上，廣深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，六架(jia)椽(chuan)屋(wu)(wu)，四(si)椽(chuan)栿(fa)對前乳栿(fa)，通檐(yan)(yan)用三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)為柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)四(si)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一，柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)升(sheng)起與(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側角(jiao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)五(wu)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)抄單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)為琴(qin)(qin)(qin)面(mian)式(shi)(shi)，耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)型(xing)(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)一朵(duo)，出四(si)十五(wu)度斜拱(gong)(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)四(si)椽(chuan)栿(fa)上置平梁，用脊(ji)(ji)瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，大叉手(shou)，梁架(jia)規整(zheng)(zheng)，結構(gou)簡練，雖(sui)經后(hou)人(ren)多次(ci)重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，仍保留金(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)琉(liu)璃脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)布(bu)(bu)瓦(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，舉(ju)折平緩(huan)，出檐(yan)(yan)深(shen)遠(yuan)。前檐(yan)(yan)破子欞(ling)窗(chuang)，隔(ge)扇門(men)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)壁殘存(cun)人(ren)物故(gu)事，壁畫依稀可見。整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂氣勢(shi)雄(xiong)偉，古(gu)樸(pu)壯(zhuang)觀。東(dong)(dong)邑(yi)(yi)村距(ju)縣城東(dong)(dong)南(nan)約10里,古(gu)稱黃邑(yi)(yi),舊(jiu)屬(shu)(shu)葛井鄉。龍王廟(miao)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)村東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)，坐北(bei)(bei)面(mian)南(nan)，兩進(jin)院(yuan)落。入山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)靠(kao)西(xi)(xi)處(chu)有(you)一眼水(shui)井，兩側各為三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廂房(fang)，中間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)甬道(dao)直通戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)。

戲臺三(san)間(jian)，倒座式，即坐南朝北，面向正殿，單(dan)檐(yan)硬山頂，灰色(se)瓦頂。上下(xia)兩(liang)層(ceng)，下(xia)層(ceng)為(wei)通道(dao)。戲臺前檐(yan)斗拱四鋪作單(dan)下(xia)昂，卷云式昂頭(tou)(tou)。柱頭(tou)(tou)斗拱耍頭(tou)(tou)為(wei)象頭(tou)(tou)，補間(jian)為(wei)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)。明間(jian)雀替(ti)為(wei)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)，兩(liang)次間(jian)為(wei)象頭(tou)(tou)。梁架由四椽、平(ping)梁構成。梁架殘存部分有彩畫。

正(zheng)(zheng)殿位(wei)于中軸(zhou)線最北(bei)端，坐落在長14.76米(mi)、寬13.5米(mi)、高(gao)1米(mi)的臺基之上。正(zheng)(zheng)殿三間，面闊(kuo)13.24米(mi),進深11.97米(mi)，單檐懸山頂，灰瓦，大吻、垂(chui)(chui)獸、戧獸、套獸均(jun)為琉璃雕花，正(zheng)(zheng)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)每面6條(tiao)龍，垂(chui)(chui)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)雕鳳，均(jun)配飾牡丹，垂(chui)(chui)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)現剩(sheng)一條(tiao)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)剎，有“嘉慶元(yuan)年五月立”題記。

龍王廟布局規整(zheng)對稱，保(bao)存完(wan)整(zheng)，“神殿與戲臺結(jie)合構成神廟，是北宋以后中國(guo)本土宗(zong)教場所的(de)顯著特(te)征”