九成宮(gong)(gong)(gong),“九成”者“九重”或“九層(ceng)”之意,言其高(gao)大,在麟(lin)游縣城內。原是隋文帝時建的(de)(de),名(ming)仁壽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐太宗(zong)貞(zhen)觀五年(公元(yuan)631年)修復,更(geng)名(ming)九成宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐高(gao)宗(zong)時一度改名(ming)萬年宮(gong)(gong)(gong),后又恢復原名(ming)。周垣(yuan)1800步,并置禁苑武(wu)庫存(cun)及宮(gong)(gong)(gong)寺。規模宏偉,景色壯(zhuang)麗,為隋唐離宮(gong)(gong)(gong)之冠。麟(lin)游縣山(shan)(shan)(shan)環水(shui)繞,夏日清涼(liang),是避暑的(de)(de)好地(di)方。今縣城的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腳下,杜水(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan)東(dong)流,被(bei)一個(ge)由北向(xiang)南伸入河中的(de)(de)小山(shan)(shan)(shan)嘴(zui)攔住,名(ming)石嘴(zui)灣(wan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)背舊有凌虛閣(ge),閣(ge)雖毀而(er)基址(zhi)依稀可辨。經東(dong)北溝、梳妝臺(tai)、水(shui)漫嶺(ling)(ling)、天(tian)臺(tai)寺到(dao)西(xi)北溝,即九成宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)。在東(dong)西(xi)兩溝之間有山(shan)(shan)(shan)叫(jiao)天(tian)臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。天(tian)臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上面的(de)(de)主峰叫(jiao)九龍殿,也叫(jiao)水(shui)漫嶺(ling)(ling)。
嶺上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)九(jiu)龍殿就是(shi)(shi)九(jiu)成官(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排云(yun)殿。周圍平坦約(yue)九(jiu)畝。在(zai)荊棘從(cong)中(zhong),遺(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)柱(zhu)礎、古塊、殘磚(zhuan)、破瓦,兩旁并(bing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)土(tu)闕遺(yi)址各一(yi)(yi)。正南面(mian)臨懸崖(ya),深約(yue)百丈(zhang)。北面(mian)連接一(yi)(yi)條北來南去的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)脊,再北端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)圓丘陵式的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)峰(feng)。九(jiu)龍殿下東面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),遺(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)夯(hang)筑(zhu)長(chang)寬18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)臺,當地(di)群眾叫梳妝臺。西(xi)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)連續的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)山(shan),山(shan)頭西(xi)南兩面(mian)是(shi)(shi)崢嶸的(de)(de)(de)(de)石崖(ya),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)唐代的(de)(de)(de)(de)福昌(chang)院(yuan),亦名(ming)天(tian)臺寺。天(tian)臺寺西(xi)北山(shan)坡上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),有(you)(you)(you)(you)貞觀六(liu)年立的(de)(de)(de)(de)“九(jiu)成宮(gong)醴泉銘”碑(bei),魏征撰文(wen),歐(ou)陽(yang)詢(xun)書。書法秀勁(jing),圓潤,一(yi)(yi)絲(si)不(bu)茍,為(wei)歐(ou)書中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品。現(xian)(xian)建(jian)碑(bei)亭,附(fu)唐高宗(zong)撰“萬(wan)年宮(gong)銘并(bing)序”碑(bei),供群眾參觀。從(cong)九(jiu)成宮(gong)遺(yi)址正南跨過(guo)杜水(shui),便(bian)是(shi)(shi)鳳臺,相傳因隋文(wen)帝時(shi)落過(guo)鳳凰(huang),故名(ming)。鳳臺西(xi)南面(mian)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)處土(tu)臺,傳說是(shi)(shi)唐王點過(guo)兵(bing)將的(de)(de)(de)(de)點將臺。再南下到栗(li)川村,有(you)(you)(you)(you)冬日不(bu)結冰(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“御泉”。“御泉”對(dui)面(mian)東南方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)所叫宮(gong)坪的(de)(de)(de)(de)村莊(zhuang),傳說是(shi)(shi)唐宮(gong)官(guan)府所在(zai)地(di)。1980年5月,在(zai)遺(yi)址內(nei)發現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)座唐代石砌(qi)水(shui)井(jing)。井(jing)臺呈方(fang)形(xing),每邊長(chang)6.52米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),井(jing)臺上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部用邊長(chang)0.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)塊素面(mian)石板和(he)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)石條砌(qi)成。井(jing)口為(wei)圓形(xing),直(zhi)徑(jing)1.06米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍雕(diao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)八瓣葵花形(xing)圖案(an)。井(jing)口外邊有(you)(you)(you)(you)四個(ge)相距為(wei)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)柱(zhu)礎石,直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)0.28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)間有(you)(you)(you)(you)圓形(xing)小孔,孔直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)0.14米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),孔深0.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。井(jing)臺上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)砌(qi)石、柱(zhu)礎石和(he)井(jing)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖案(an)都磨研、雕(diao)刻得異常精(jing)致,為(wei)研究(jiu)隋唐建(jian)筑(zhu)史,提(ti)供了寶貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)資料(liao)。
隋(sui)仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)·唐(tang)(tang)九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)位(wei)于陜西省麟游縣,是(shi)(shi)隋(sui)、唐(tang)(tang)時期(qi)營造(zao)的(de)皇家避暑(shu)離(li)宮(gong)(gong),由著(zhu)名建(jian)筑家宇文(wen)愷為(wei)檢校將作(zuo)大匠設計建(jian)造(zao)。始建(jian)于隋(sui)開皇十三年(nian)(593年(nian)),初名“仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)”,唐(tang)(tang)貞觀五年(nian)(631年(nian))經修復擴建(jian)后改稱為(wei)“九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)”。現存(cun)(cun)遺(yi)址(zhi)分布面積約42.4萬平方米,遺(yi)址(zhi)內現存(cun)(cun)宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)、城(cheng)(cheng)墻、夯(hang)筑宮(gong)(gong)殿臺基、闕門(men)基址(zhi)、石(shi)砌水井、唐(tang)(tang)“九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)醴(li)泉銘”碑(bei)及“萬年(nian)宮(gong)(gong)銘”碑(bei)等遺(yi)跡。其中由魏(wei)征撰文(wen),歐陽詢手書的(de)“九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)醴(li)泉銘”,唐(tang)(tang)高宗李治撰文(wen)并(bing)親自書寫的(de)“萬年(nian)宮(gong)(gong)銘”碑(bei)不僅(jin)具有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)文(wen)物(wu)和歷史價(jia)值,也是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國書法史上(shang)里程碑(bei)式的(de)作(zuo)品。隋(sui)仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)·唐(tang)(tang)九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)被(bei)(bei)稱為(wei)“離(li)宮(gong)(gong)之冠”,堪稱“陪都(dou)”,一度成(cheng)為(wei)隋(sui)、唐(tang)(tang)政治、文(wen)化、軍事、外交中心。隋(sui)仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)?唐(tang)(tang)九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)發(fa)現,為(wei)研究(jiu)隋(sui)唐(tang)(tang)時期(qi)皇家宮(gong)(gong)苑(yuan)的(de)形制(zhi)、規劃、建(jian)筑方式等提供了(le)重(zhong)要的(de)實物(wu)資料。1957年(nian)隋(sui)仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)·唐(tang)(tang)九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)遺(yi)址(zhi)被(bei)(bei)公(gong)(gong)布為(wei)第二批(pi)省級重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),1996年(nian)被(bei)(bei)國務(wu)院公(gong)(gong)布為(wei)第四(si)批(pi)全國重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。
“九五(wu)”以來(lai)主要保護內容(rong):
修(xiu)建(jian)保護碑亭兩座(zuo)、宮廷水井井亭及門(men)樓,37 號大殿遺址回填,保護圍墻、大門(men)修(xiu)建(jian)。
保護規劃制訂。
“十一五”期間主要保護內容:
制(zhi)定隋仁壽(shou)宮唐九成宮遺址保護規劃,對主要重點的文物及變化區(qu)實施(shi)保護措施(shi)。
加固(gu)37 號宮殿遺址的四周(zhou)土體,防止其(qi)塌落,造(zao)成遺址的破壞。同時對遺址進(jin)行回填,加固(gu)并部分(fen)進(jin)行復原展(zhan)示。
目前隋仁(ren)壽(shou)宮唐(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)宮遺(yi)址遍(bian)布于(yu)麟游(you)縣城內,范圍面積很大,城市建設(she)和(he)發展對文物遺(yi)址的破壞和(he)威脅極大。但由于(yu)目前沒有整個隋仁(ren)壽(shou)宮唐(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)宮遺(yi)址保護規劃,建設(she)性破壞日趨嚴重。
九成宮(gong)37號宮(gong)殿遺(yi)址(zhi)夯土臺基東、南斷面高8米處,隨時(shi)有倒塌的危險。目(mu)前遺(yi)址(zhi)裸露(lu),風雨(yu)侵蝕,風化已脫落。