芒果视频下载

歷史

德(de)陽(yang)(yang)文廟始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1206年(nian)(nian)（南(nan)宋(song)寧(ning)宗開禧二年(nian)(nian)），當時在城(cheng)東(dong)，后因年(nian)(nian)久失修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)塌毀。1368年(nian)(nian)（明洪武(wu)元年(nian)(nian)）又重建(jian)(jian)于(yu)城(cheng)南(nan)東(dong)隅及德(de)陽(yang)(yang)城(cheng)區南(nan)街現有位置(zhi)。經成化、弘(hong)治、萬(wan)歷年(nian)(nian)間的多次修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)葺，已有宮墻、欞星門、大成門、大成殿（三楹(ying)(ying)(ying)）、崇圣祠(ci)(ci)（三楹(ying)(ying)(ying)）、東(dong)西廡（各三楹(ying)(ying)(ying)）、節孝祠(ci)(ci)、孝子祠(ci)(ci)、鄉賢(xian)祠(ci)(ci)、名(ming)宦祠(ci)(ci)、名(ming)倫堂等建(jian)(jian)筑，明未又毀于(yu)兵燹(xian)。1661年(nian)(nian)（清順治十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)）又重建(jian)(jian)，康熙、乾(qian)隆、嘉慶(qing)年(nian)(nian)間又進(jin)行過(guo)多次修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)(jian)和修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)葺。1848年(nian)(nian)～1855年(nian)(nian)（清道光(guang)二十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)咸豐五(wu)年(nian)(nian)）又進(jin)行了(le)大規模的修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)葺，現存建(jian)(jian)筑為清道光(guang)年(nian)(nian)間的基本格局。

建筑

德陽文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)占地面(mian)積20800平方米，有古(gu)建筑20余處。文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)坐北朝南(nan)，三進(jin)四合院中軸(zhou)對稱布局，建筑布局以大成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)為中心，南(nan)北成(cheng)(cheng)一條中軸(zhou)線(xian)，左右對稱排(pai)列(lie)，由南(nan)向北中軸(zhou)線(xian)依次為：萬仞(ren)宮墻（照壁）、欞(ling)星門(men)、泮池、泮橋(qiao)、戟門(men)（大成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)）、禮(li)樂亭、大成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)、啟圣殿(dian)。兩側有：“道(dao)冠古(gu)今”、“德配天地”、東(dong)西廡、東(dong)西御碑亭、東(dong)西配殿(dian)等。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前為文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)廣場，廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)北有后花園(yuan)。

德(de)陽文(wen)廟(miao)主(zhu)體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)大成殿(dian)坐落在(zai)文(wen)廟(miao)中(zhong)院，整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)雄偉(wei)、莊嚴、華麗(li)，是(shi)文(wen)廟(miao)庭院中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)高、體量大、保存較為(wei)(wei)完好的(de)一(yi)座(zuo)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，它(ta)建(jian)(jian)于1850年(nian)(nian)（清道(dao)光三十年(nian)(nian)），是(shi)文(wen)廟(miao)的(de)主(zhu)體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，面闊(kuo)七間(jian)33.97米(mi)(mi)，進深(shen)四間(jian)14.78米(mi)(mi)，通高21米(mi)(mi)，為(wei)(wei)重檐歇(xie)山式屋(wu)頂，屋(wu)面系黃色(se)琉(liu)璃瓦覆蓋，正脊(ji)飾以(yi)飛龍，中(zhong)間(jian)置寶頂。殿(dian)內有(you)(you)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)、四配、十二哲塑(su)像和祭(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)器、禮(li)(li)器、樂(le)(le)器陳列(lie)，有(you)(you)燭(zhu)臺、爵(jue)、鐙、籩(bian)、簋(gui)、豆、硎等祭(ji)(ji)(ji)器、禮(li)(li)器，牛、羊(yang)、豕三牲(sheng)俎，以(yi)及祭(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)時演(yan)(yan)奏中(zhong)和韶(shao)樂(le)(le)的(de)編鐘、搏鐘、編磬、特磬、琴、瑟、簫、笛、塤、鼓、祝(起樂(le)(le)之器)、敵(終樂(le)(le)之器)等樂(le)(le)器及指(zhi)揮樂(le)(le)舞(wu)場面的(de)麾、節等。殿(dian)前有(you)(you)寬闊(kuo)的(de)拜臺，可觀賞(shang)場面盛大、古樸典雅的(de)仿(fang)古祭(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)樂(le)(le)舞(wu)。清代(dai)以(yi)來，大型祭(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)活動(dong)，每(mei)年(nian)(nian)兩次，時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)仲春上旬(xun)丁(ding)日(ri)和仲秋上旬(xun)丁(ding)日(ri)。1990年(nian)(nian)以(yi)后，德(de)陽文(wen)廟(miao)按照清代(dai)格局(ju)和禮(li)(li)制(zhi)恢復了(le)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)樂(le)(le)舞(wu)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)。

德(de)陽文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)以其宏大(da)的(de)(de)規模，完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群，嚴(yan)謹的(de)(de)布局，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我國西部地(di)(di)(di)區文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)代(dai)表性(xing)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專家(jia)梁思成(cheng)先(xian)(xian)生在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)考察了德(de)陽文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后指(zhi)出：“德(de)陽文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)具有(you)濃(nong)郁的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)特(te)色。”古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專家(jia)羅哲文(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)生認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“德(de)陽文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)規模大(da)，保(bao)(bao)存完整(zheng)(zheng)，特(te)點非(fei)常(chang)突(tu)出，這(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)全國也不多見(jian)。”德(de)陽文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)全國文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占有(you)重(zhong)要地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)。四(si)個禮樂(le)亭位(wei)于大(da)成(cheng)門與(yu)大(da)成(cheng)殿之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線兩側，排列在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一條線上，內(nei)(nei)側兩座(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)檐六(liu)角亭，外側兩座(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)檐四(si)方(fang)六(liu)角亭，造型(xing)各異，別具一格(ge)。1949年冬月，賀(he)龍元帥在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)德(de)陽文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)參加德(de)陽解放(fang)儀(yi)式(shi)后，指(zhi)著禮樂(le)亭說：“這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)禮樂(le)亭在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)全國文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)實屬少見(jian)，要好(hao)好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護”。萬仞宮墻(照壁)長30米，高(gao)(gao)11.64米，比北京孔廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)照壁高(gao)(gao)大(da)，屬國內(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)(di)縣文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)大(da)的(de)(de)萬仞宮墻。欞(ling)星(xing)(xing)門為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八柱五間(jian)(jian)五樓沖天柱式(shi)石(shi)牌坊，造型(xing)別致(zhi)，雕刻精(jing)美，是南方(fang)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)石(shi)刻欞(ling)星(xing)(xing)門中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)精(jing)品。泮池中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)置三座(zuo)單跨(kua)石(shi)拱(gong)橋，橋為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)梯步拱(gong)面形，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)橋跨(kua)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)14.9米，左右兩邊橋跨(kua)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)13.8米，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其他孔廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)所少見(jian)。“德(de)配天地(di)(di)(di)”、“道冠古(gu)今”坊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)式(shi)重(zhong)檐枋，具有(you)南方(fang)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風格(ge)，這(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)國內(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)(di)縣文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)普通的(de)(de)木(mu)坊比較，獨具地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)特(te)色。文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后花園(yuan)保(bao)(bao)存完好(hao)，這(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)極為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)罕見(jian)。