簡介
星宿橋為(wei)7孔(kong)尖拱(gong)石(shi)橋,長(chang)96.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬9.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),橋面(mian)兩側砌有(you)實體(ti)護欄(lan),高0.6米(mi)(mi)(mi),厚0.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩頭(tou)船形(xing)橋碳長(chang)18米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬4.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)。橋身全用紅砂石(shi)砌成(cheng),石(shi)條之間用石(shi)灰摻糯米(mi)(mi)(mi)漿澆灌(guan),粘連緊密,堅(jian)硬牢固。橋東(dong)建有(you)琉(liu)璃龍脊木(mu)坊1座,4柱(zhu)3門(men),斗(dou)拱(gong)飛(fei)檐(yan),制作美(mei)觀。木(mu)柱(zhu)兩旁有(you)扁形(xing)石(shi)鼓;上雕(diao)龍盤虎(hu)踞,翱翱如生。坊上木(mu)匣題有(you)"星宿橋"3個大宇,為(wei)太子少保、云(yun)貴總督(du)阮元(yuan)(yuan)于道(dao)光(guang)十年(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1830年)題書。橋西(xi)有(you)大型石(shi)坊1座,上雕(diao)瓦檐(yan)斗(dou)拱(gong),沖間嵌有(you)道(dao)光(guang)十二年(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1832年)《修建星宿橋碑記(ji)》石(shi)刻(ke),共9通。
星(xing)宿(su)橋(qiao)是昆明通往滇西的(de)咽喉,也是川(chuan)滇驛道(dao)上(shang)的(de)要(yao)口。因此,橋(qiao)上(shang)石刻題(ti)聯甚多,其中一副:舉首測(ce)星(xing)垣,望井(jing)鬼分纏,一道(dao)彩虹天外度;坡胸羅星(xing)海,喜榨都歸服,五都貢象日邊來。
此(ci)聯不(bu)僅寫出了星宿橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)雄偉(wei)壯麗,而且(qie)也指出了它在溝通云(yun)南勻內地交往(wang)方面所起(qi)的(de)重要作(zuo)用。像(xiang)星宿橋(qiao)(qiao)這樣完整(zheng)且(qie)有(you)著各式各樣附屬建筑、雕(diao)刻(ke)的(de)多孔石(shi)拱橋(qiao)(qiao),在我國西南地區實屬少(shao)見。
歷史
星(xing)宿橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),原(yuan)名(ming)永(yong)豐(feng)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),建于明(ming)萬歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間。據(ju)萬歷(li)《云(yun)南通志》卷二(er)《云(yun)南府(fu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁》說(shuo):“永(yong)豐(feng)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),在祿(lu)豐(feng)縣西(xi)(xi),星(xing)宿之(zhi)水經其(qi)下。”又康(kang)熙《云(yun)南府(fu)志》載:“星(xing)宿橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)在祿(lu)豐(feng)城西(xi)(xi)門外(wai),亦名(ming)永(yong)豐(feng)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),通迤(yi)西(xi)(xi)大路(lu)。春(chun)、夏(xia)之(zhi)交(jiao),洪水暴發,行(xing)有畏怖,編竹駕舟(zhou),往往覆溺(ni)(ni)。明(ming)萬歷(li)間,知縣向兆麟請允建橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),長三十(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang),寬(kuan)四丈(zhang)(zhang),計五(wu)洞,即名(ming)星(xing)宿橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。”雍(yong)(yong)正五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1727年(nian)(nian))因星(xing)宿江暴漲,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)被(bei)沖壞,僅殘(can)留一孔,暫以(yi)(yi)船只濟渡。道光(guang)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)重修(xiu)(xiu),歷(li)時六(liu)年(nian)(nian)竣工,耗銀一萬二(er)千(qian)兩(liang)。道光(guang)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian),祿(lu)豐(feng)縣儒學訓導趙(zhao)容恭撰(zhuan)《修(xiu)(xiu)建星(xing)宿橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)碑(bei)(bei)序》,對(dui)修(xiu)(xiu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)經過(guo)述之(zhi)甚詳,碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)稱:“(雍(yong)(yong)正)五(wu)年(nian)(nian),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)復傾(qing)圮,歷(li)今(jin)百有余年(nian)(nian)。冬、春(chun)則架以(yi)(yi)浮梁,夏(xia)、秋則濟以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)船,時有阻(zu)滯沉(chen)溺(ni)(ni)之(zhi)患。道光(guang)己(ji)酉(五(wu)年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1825年(nian)(nian)),適(shi)有瑯井楊安(an)園先生致(zhi)仕回(hui)籍(ji),過(guo)而(er)心傷,慨然捐銀三千(qian)兩(liang)為之(zhi)倡,于是闔邑士(shi)民各傾(qing)己(ji)囊,共(gong)(gong)襄善舉,閱六(liu)載而(er)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)成(cheng) 。計橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)之(zhi)大,長三十(shi)六(liu)丈(zhang)(zhang),寬(kuan)三丈(zhang)(zhang)三尺,過(guo)洞七、墩八,盤石(shi)鞏固,視前明(ming)修(xiu)(xiu)建,百倍其(qi)功。自茲以(yi)(yi)往,可以(yi)(yi)利(li)濟久(jiu)永(yong),無壅滯傾(qing)廢之(zhi)虞矣。……橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)成(cheng),制(zhi)軍、撫軍各賜榜聯。”今(jin)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)西(xi)(xi)木坊(fang)上刻(ke)橫(heng)(heng)榜二(er)面(mian),即滇南使(shi)者伊里布題“星(xing)宿橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”三字,石(shi)坊(fang)橫(heng)(heng)額為迤(yi)西(xi)(xi)兵備道春(chun)慶題“坤(kun)維永(yong)鎮”四字;木、石(shi)兩(liang)坊(fang)上共(gong)(gong)刻(ke)聯八副,撰(zhuan)者題名(ming)有阮元(yuan)(yuan)、王(wang)崧、春(chun)慶、趙(zhao)容恭、陸(lu)沅等。其(qi)中石(shi)坊(fang)正中春(chun)慶所題為:“舉首測(ce)星(xing)垣、望井鬼分野,一道彩虹天(tian)外(wai)度;披胸羅(luo)宿海、喜笮邛歸(gui)極,五(wu)都(dou)貢象(xiang)日邊來。”王(wang)崧所題為:“漢人昔越蘭津,中外(wai)咸(xian)通,遂使(shi)西(xi)(xi)南半壁車同軌、書同文(wen)、行(xing)同倫,象(xiang)占得朋、端籍(ji)此橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)遠達;輿(yu)地(di)今(jin)逾黑(hei)水,圣明(ming)相(xiang)繼,久(jiu)經震旦諸番(fan)賴其(qi)利(li)、畏其(qi)神、用其(qi)教(jiao),民無病涉(she)、因將舊(jiu)績重新 。”
碑記
根據橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上《修建(jian)星(xing)宿橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)碑記》載(zai),早年(nian)(nian)在這里架竹(zhu)舟浮橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),至明萬歷(li)四十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1615年(nian)(nian)) 始(shi)建(jian)石(shi)(shi)拱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。清康熙年(nian)(nian)間(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1662-1722年(nian)(nian)),石(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)屢(lv)遭水患(huan),3修3塌。雍正五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1727年(nian)(nian))重(zhong)修,又坍塌。現存(cun)石(shi)(shi)星(xing)宿橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)及其附屬建(jian)筑(zhu)均為(wei)道光五(wu)年(nian)(nian)至十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1825-1832年(nian)(nian))期間建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)的。碑文詳細敘述(shu)建(jian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)始(shi)末(mo)和(he)名人題(ti)聯。東、西橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)頭各置石(shi)(shi)獅1對(dui),神(shen)態(tai)各異,威武雄健(jian)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)決(jue)坊、碑、石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)融為(wei)一(yi)體,相映成(cheng)(cheng)趣,構成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)套完美的建(jian)筑(zhu)組合。
景點美食
元(yuan)(yuan)謀(mou)泡(pao)(pao)果是楚雄彝族(zu)自治州(zhou)元(yuan)(yuan)謀(mou)縣的名(ming)特食品(pin),民間(jian)制(zhi)作已(yi)有70多年的歷史,素(su)以(yi)“ 甜(tian)如蜂蜜(mi)、泡(pao)(pao)如棉(mian)花(hua)”而(er)著(zhu)名(ming)。 元(yuan)(yuan)謀(mou)泡(pao)(pao)果是選用精白糯米、飴糖、白糖、花(hua)生油、黃豆漿、鮮芋(yu)頭(tou)、蜂蜜(mi)、芝麻等(deng)為原料加(jia)工(gong)(gong)而(er)成的。用手工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)作,工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)復雜(za)而(er)嚴(yan)格,工(gong)(gong)序歷經(jing)21道,生產周期為15天。
產(chan)(chan)品制作(zuo)過程中對氣溫的要求特殊。每年都在冬(dong)季生產(chan)(chan),因這時元謀氣候不(bu)(bu)冷不(bu)(bu)熱,晴多雨(yu)少,為生產(chan)(chan)泡果的特定(ding)季節。
其(qi)制作方法是(shi):首先將糯米磨細,與其(qi)他配(pei)料拌勻,制成(cheng)規(gui)格厚薄(bo)大小(xiao)一(yi)致的(de)半成(cheng)品,放在陽光下(xia)照曬,使(shi)水分蒸(zheng)發(fa)到(dao)適當(dang)程度后進行(xing)油(you)炸。油(you)的(de)溫度也要適當(dang),不宜太燙,也不宜一(yi)次性下(xia)鍋炸透,而是(shi)油(you)炸─→冷卻─→再油(you)炸─→再冷卻,反(fan)復(fu)多次,并配(pei)以(yi)套糖等工序。
這種泡(pao)(pao)(pao)果(guo),果(guo)形泡(pao)(pao)(pao)大,表面金(jin)黃(huang)油亮,內呈雪白網狀,似絲瓜瓤,入口香酥蜜甜,泡(pao)(pao)(pao)如棉(mian)花,細膩(ni)化而無渣,營(ying)養豐富,老幼(you)皆喜。每逢新春佳(jia)節,當(dang)地城鄉居(ju)民(min)都以(yi)泡(pao)(pao)(pao)果(guo)為珍品(pin)相(xiang)互贈送(song),以(yi)示祝(zhu)賀。
1、大姚果脯
大姚縣(xian)盛(sheng)產桃、梨、李等(deng)水果,民間(jian)過(guo)去曾有加工(gong)果干的傳統。
針對大姚(yao)經濟特(te)點,大姚(yao)縣果(guo)脯廠引進設備和(he)技術(shu),結合傳統工藝,先后開發(fa)出桃、梨、蘋果(guo)、花紅、香(xiang)櫞、木瓜、橄欖、楊梅(mei)、話梅(mei)等風味各異的果(guo)脯,以(yi)及冬(dong)瓜、生姜等蜜(mi)餞(jian)和(he)各類(lei)糖(tang)果(guo)。
2、虎掌菌
以花紋和形狀似(si)虎掌而得(de)名,因菌(jun)香(xiang)獨異(yi)而著稱(cheng)。
虎掌菌有黃、黑(hei)兩種,以黑(hei)虎掌為最(zui)佳。
虎(hu)掌(zhang)菌除炒食外(wai),多用作烹(peng)制菜看的調味香料(liao),且有避蠅相(xiang)防止食物(wu)變(bian)餿之效,民間有"虎(hu)掌(zhang)配菜,三日(ri)不(bu)餿"的說(shuo)法(fa)。
3、松茸
鮮(xian)松茸(rong)不僅營養價值高,富含(han)精、純蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)、粗脂(zhi)肪、粗纖(xian)維及多種維生素(su),并具有強(qiang)身、益腸胃(wei)、止痛、理氣化痰(tan)、驅蟲及治(zhi)療糖尿病等功效。