重(zhong)慶抗戰兵器工業舊址群包括九龍坡(po)區(qu)、江北(bei)區(qu)、萬(wan)盛經開區(qu)兵工廠的3處(chu)舊址。我區(qu)舊址為兵工署第一工廠舊址,位于重(zhong)慶市九龍坡(po)區(qu)謝家(jia)灣街道(dao)黃家(jia)碼頭社區(qu)重(zhong)慶建鋒摩托(tuo)車(che)配件總廠內。
“重(zhong)慶(qing)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業舊址(zhi)群”是抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)期(qi)以重(zhong)慶(qing)為(wei)中心的(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)基地,這(zhe)些重(zhong)慶(qing)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業舊址(zhi)支撐了(le)長期(qi)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan),為(wei)西南大后方的(de)(de)經濟建設與(yu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人才培養做出了(le)貢獻。此次申報的(de)(de)“重(zhong)慶(qing)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業舊址(zhi)群”是重(zhong)慶(qing)市現(xian)存抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)遺(yi)址(zhi)文物保護點中兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業舊址(zhi)的(de)(de)代表(biao),兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業依托其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業和(he)科學技術的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)而發(fa)展(zhan),又在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)科技進(jin)步中起到帶頭和(he)促進(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)。
據悉,第二十一(yi)兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)車(che)間(jian)舊(jiu)址(zhi)部(bu)分位于(yu)(yu)跳磴鎮紅勝村一(yi)帶。而第二十九兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)舊(jiu)址(zhi)位于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)渡口區(qu)老重鋼(gang)(gang)廠(chang)區(qu),廠(chang)址(zhi)面(mian)積約5平方公里。廠(chang)內保(bao)存了1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)鍛造(zao)廠(chang)房(fang)1處,原廠(chang)辦公樓(紅樓)、原高(gao)線廠(chang)辦公樓(小洋(yang)樓)、1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)煉(lian)(lian)鋼(gang)(gang)廠(chang)房(fang)、1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)中板廠(chang)廠(chang)房(fang)、大(da)(da)跨度車(che)間(jian)、中型軋(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)車(che)間(jian)、大(da)(da)型軋(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)車(che)間(jian)、8000馬力蒸(zheng)汽(qi)機、3根高(gao)大(da)(da)煙囪(cong)、渝鋼(gang)(gang)村住宅樓1棟、原交(jiao)警招待所、防(fang)空洞、警報臺、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)火車(che)機車(che)、煉(lian)(lian)鐵(tie)(tie)廠(chang)高(gao)爐1組(zu)、煉(lian)(lian)焦爐1段、5萬立方儲氣罐(guan)、部(bu)分鐵(tie)(tie)路和設施設備。該廠(chang)籌建于(yu)(yu)1890年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),初名漢陽鐵(tie)(tie)廠(chang),抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)爆發后,為保(bao)存民族工(gong)業的(de)血脈,1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)遷渝。抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)期間(jian),該廠(chang)建立原材料生產廠(chang),為抗(kang)(kang)擊(ji)日軍提(ti)供鋼(gang)(gang)材給各(ge)兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)制造(zao)武器,鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)產量一(yi)度占到抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)大(da)(da)后方鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)總(zong)量的(de)90%。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),列入重慶市(shi)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)遺(yi)址(zhi)文物保(bao)護點。
1937年,抗日戰(zhan)爭爆發,日軍大(da)舉(ju)入侵中國(guo),國(guo)民(min)政府(fu)宣(xuan)布“移(yi)駐”重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。為(wei)適應抗戰(zhan)局勢的(de)變化,國(guo)民(min)政府(fu)軍政部將所屬兵工廠(chang)(chang)、軍事(shi)院(yuan)校、研究所大(da)量向云、貴(gui)、川等地(di)(di)(di)轉移(yi),戰(zhan)時“首都”重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)擔負起兵器(qi)制造中心的(de)歷(li)史重(zhong)(zhong)任(ren)。1938年,國(guo)民(min)政府(fu)兵工署遷到重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),對(dui)軍工生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)進行調(diao)整改組,形成(cheng)了(le)新(xin)的(de)兵工生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)體系。重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鵝公巖抗戰(zhan)兵器(qi)工業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)群,就(jiu)是(shi)這一(yi)時期(qi)的(de)“漢(han)(han)陽(yang)(yang)兵工廠(chang)(chang)”搬(ban)遷到重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)后的(de)一(yi)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di),當時為(wei)21兵工廠(chang)(chang)1分(fen)廠(chang)(chang)。漢(han)(han)陽(yang)(yang)兵工廠(chang)(chang)的(de)前身是(shi)“湖北槍(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)炮(pao)廠(chang)(chang)”,由(you)晚清(qing)“洋務運動”代表人物張(zhang)之洞創辦,民(min)國(guo)初年改名(ming)為(wei)“漢(han)(han)陽(yang)(yang)兵工廠(chang)(chang)”。1938年遷到重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鵝公巖后,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)馬克(ke)(ke)沁重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、捷克(ke)(ke)式(shi)輕(qing)機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、82毫米迫擊炮(pao)和漢(han)(han)陽(yang)(yang)造步(bu)槍(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。1942年7月,改生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中正式(shi)步(bu)槍(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)及其它陸軍輕(qing)武(wu)器(qi)。抗戰(zhan)期(qi)間,該廠(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)各類武(wu)器(qi),源(yuan)源(yuan)不(bu)斷地(di)(di)(di)運往抗戰(zhan)正面戰(zhan)場(chang),為(wei)抗戰(zhan)的(de)勝利發揮(hui)了(le)重(zhong)(zhong)要作(zuo)用。
抗戰勝利后,1946年3月(yue),該(gai)廠(chang)奉令結束兵器生產,員工(gong)及機器設(she)備、半成(cheng)品(pin)等作(zuo)相(xiang)應調配,仍隸屬(shu)第21兵工(gong)廠(chang)。1949年11月(yue)重慶(qing)解(jie)放,重慶(qing)軍事(shi)管(guan)制委員會接管(guan)該(gai)廠(chang)后,改名為“國(guo)營建(jian)(jian)設(she)機床廠(chang)”。幾十年來,該(gai)廠(chang)發展(zhan)成(cheng)立(li)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)業(ye)集團公司,為新中(zhong)國(guo)的國(guo)防工(gong)業(ye)和經(jing)濟建(jian)(jian)設(she)做出了巨大貢獻。
2013年(nian)5月,國(guo)務院印發(fa)《關于核定并公布第(di)七批全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位的通知》,公布重(zhong)慶抗戰兵(bing)器工業舊址群為全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位。