重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)抗戰兵器工(gong)業舊址群包括(kuo)九(jiu)龍(long)坡區(qu)、江北區(qu)、萬盛經(jing)開區(qu)兵工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)的3處舊址。我區(qu)舊址為兵工(gong)署第(di)一工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)舊址,位于重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)市(shi)九(jiu)龍(long)坡區(qu)謝家(jia)(jia)灣(wan)街(jie)道黃家(jia)(jia)碼頭社區(qu)重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)建鋒摩托車配件(jian)總廠(chang)(chang)內。
“重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)抗(kang)戰(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)群”是抗(kang)戰(zhan)時期以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)為中心的(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產基地,這些重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)支撐了長(chang)期抗(kang)戰(zhan),為西南大后方的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟建設(she)與(yu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)才培養做出了貢獻。此次申報的(de)(de)(de)“重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)抗(kang)戰(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)群”是重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)市現存抗(kang)戰(zhan)遺址(zhi)文物保護點中兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)代表,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)依(yi)托(tuo)其他(ta)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)科學技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)而發展(zhan)(zhan),又在工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)科技進步中起到帶頭(tou)和(he)(he)促進作用。
據悉,第二十一兵工廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)車(che)間舊址部(bu)分(fen)位于跳(tiao)磴鎮(zhen)紅勝村(cun)一帶。而第二十九兵工廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)舊址位于大渡口區(qu)老(lao)重(zhong)鋼(gang)(gang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)區(qu),廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)址面積約(yue)5平方公(gong)里。廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)內保(bao)存了1938年鍛造廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房1處,原廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)辦公(gong)樓(紅樓)、原高線廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)辦公(gong)樓(小洋樓)、1950年代煉鋼(gang)(gang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房、1960年代中板廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房、大跨度(du)車(che)間、中型(xing)軋鋼(gang)(gang)車(che)間、大型(xing)軋鋼(gang)(gang)車(che)間、8000馬力(li)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)機(ji)、3根高大煙囪、渝(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)村(cun)住(zhu)宅樓1棟、原交警(jing)招(zhao)待所、防空洞、警(jing)報臺、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)火車(che)機(ji)車(che)、煉鐵廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)高爐1組、煉焦爐1段、5萬(wan)立方儲氣(qi)罐、部(bu)分(fen)鐵路和設(she)施設(she)備。該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)籌建(jian)于1890年,初名漢(han)陽鐵廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),抗(kang)戰爆發后,為保(bao)存民族工業(ye)的(de)血脈,1938年遷渝(yu)。抗(kang)戰期間,該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)立原材料生產(chan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),為抗(kang)擊(ji)日軍提(ti)供鋼(gang)(gang)材給各兵工廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)制造武器,鋼(gang)(gang)鐵產(chan)量(liang)一度(du)占(zhan)到抗(kang)戰大后方鋼(gang)(gang)鐵總量(liang)的(de)90%。2009年,列(lie)入(ru)重(zhong)慶市抗(kang)戰遺址文物保(bao)護點。
1937年,抗(kang)日戰(zhan)(zhan)爭爆(bao)發,日軍大舉入(ru)侵中(zhong)國(guo),國(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府宣布“移駐”重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)。為(wei)適(shi)應抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)局勢(shi)的(de)變(bian)化,國(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府軍政(zheng)(zheng)部將所(suo)(suo)屬兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)廠、軍事(shi)院校(xiao)、研(yan)究所(suo)(suo)大量向云(yun)、貴、川(chuan)等(deng)地轉(zhuan)移,戰(zhan)(zhan)時“首都(dou)”重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)擔負起兵(bing)(bing)器制造中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)歷(li)史重(zhong)任。1938年,國(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)署遷到(dao)重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing),對(dui)軍工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產進行(xing)調整改組,形成了新(xin)的(de)兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產體系。重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)鵝(e)公巖(yan)抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)器工(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產群,就是這一時期的(de)“漢(han)(han)陽兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)廠”搬遷到(dao)重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)后(hou)的(de)一個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地,當時為(wei)21兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)廠1分廠。漢(han)(han)陽兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)廠的(de)前身是“湖北槍(qiang)(qiang)炮廠”,由晚清“洋務(wu)運(yun)動(dong)”代表人物張之洞創辦,民(min)(min)國(guo)初年改名為(wei)“漢(han)(han)陽兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)廠”。1938年遷到(dao)重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)鵝(e)公巖(yan)后(hou),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產馬克(ke)沁(qin)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)、捷克(ke)式輕機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)、82毫(hao)米迫擊(ji)炮和漢(han)(han)陽造步槍(qiang)(qiang)。1942年7月,改生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)正式步槍(qiang)(qiang)及其它陸軍輕武器。抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)期間,該廠生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)各類(lei)武器,源源不斷地運(yun)往(wang)抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)正面戰(zhan)(zhan)場,為(wei)抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)勝(sheng)利發揮了重(zhong)要作用。
抗戰勝利后(hou),1946年3月(yue),該(gai)(gai)廠(chang)奉令結束兵器生(sheng)產,員工(gong)及機(ji)(ji)器設備、半成(cheng)品等(deng)作相(xiang)應調配,仍(reng)隸屬(shu)第21兵工(gong)廠(chang)。1949年11月(yue)重(zhong)慶解放,重(zhong)慶軍事管(guan)制委員會接管(guan)該(gai)(gai)廠(chang)后(hou),改名為“國營建設機(ji)(ji)床廠(chang)”。幾十年來,該(gai)(gai)廠(chang)發展成(cheng)立建設工(gong)業集團公(gong)司,為新中(zhong)國的國防(fang)工(gong)業和經濟(ji)建設做出了巨(ju)大貢獻(xian)。
2013年5月,國務院印發(fa)《關于核(he)定(ding)并公(gong)布第七批全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei)的通知》,公(gong)布重(zhong)慶抗戰兵(bing)器工(gong)業舊址群(qun)為全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei)。