重慶(qing)抗戰兵器工業舊(jiu)址群包括九龍(long)坡(po)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、江(jiang)北區(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬盛經開區(qu)(qu)(qu)兵工廠的3處(chu)舊(jiu)址。我區(qu)(qu)(qu)舊(jiu)址為兵工署第(di)一工廠舊(jiu)址,位于重慶(qing)市九龍(long)坡(po)區(qu)(qu)(qu)謝家(jia)灣(wan)街(jie)道黃家(jia)碼頭社區(qu)(qu)(qu)重慶(qing)建(jian)鋒(feng)摩托車(che)配件(jian)總廠內。
“重(zhong)慶(qing)抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業舊(jiu)址(zhi)群”是抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)時期(qi)以(yi)重(zhong)慶(qing)為(wei)中心(xin)的(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)生產基(ji)地(di),這些重(zhong)慶(qing)兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業舊(jiu)址(zhi)支撐了(le)長期(qi)抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan),為(wei)西(xi)南大(da)后方的(de)(de)經濟建設與兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)才(cai)培養做出了(le)貢獻。此(ci)次申報的(de)(de)“重(zhong)慶(qing)抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業舊(jiu)址(zhi)群”是重(zhong)慶(qing)市現(xian)存抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)遺址(zhi)文物保護(hu)點中兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業舊(jiu)址(zhi)的(de)(de)代表(biao),兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業依(yi)托其他工(gong)(gong)業和科(ke)學技術的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)而發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),又在工(gong)(gong)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和科(ke)技進步中起到(dao)帶頭(tou)和促進作用。
據悉,第二十(shi)一兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)車間(jian)舊(jiu)址部(bu)分位于跳磴鎮紅勝村一帶。而(er)第二十(shi)九兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)舊(jiu)址位于大渡口區(qu)老重鋼廠(chang)(chang)(chang)區(qu),廠(chang)(chang)(chang)址面積約5平方(fang)(fang)公里。廠(chang)(chang)(chang)內保(bao)存了1938年(nian)(nian)鍛造(zao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房1處,原廠(chang)(chang)(chang)辦(ban)公樓(lou)(紅樓(lou))、原高(gao)線廠(chang)(chang)(chang)辦(ban)公樓(lou)(小(xiao)洋樓(lou))、1950年(nian)(nian)代煉鋼廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房、1960年(nian)(nian)代中板廠(chang)(chang)(chang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房、大跨度車間(jian)、中型(xing)軋鋼車間(jian)、大型(xing)軋鋼車間(jian)、8000馬力蒸(zheng)汽機、3根高(gao)大煙囪、渝鋼村住宅樓(lou)1棟、原交警(jing)(jing)招待所、防空洞、警(jing)(jing)報(bao)臺(tai)、蒸(zheng)汽火車機車、煉鐵廠(chang)(chang)(chang)高(gao)爐1組、煉焦(jiao)爐1段、5萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)儲氣罐(guan)、部(bu)分鐵路和設施設備。該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)籌建于1890年(nian)(nian),初名漢(han)陽鐵廠(chang)(chang)(chang),抗戰爆發后(hou)(hou),為(wei)保(bao)存民族工(gong)業的血(xue)脈,1938年(nian)(nian)遷(qian)渝。抗戰期(qi)間(jian),該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)建立(li)原材料生產(chan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang),為(wei)抗擊日軍提(ti)供鋼材給各兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)制造(zao)武器,鋼鐵產(chan)量一度占到抗戰大后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)鋼鐵總量的90%。2009年(nian)(nian),列入重慶市(shi)抗戰遺址文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護點。
1937年(nian)(nian),抗(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)爆(bao)發(fa),日(ri)軍(jun)大(da)舉入(ru)侵中國,國民政府宣布“移(yi)駐”重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)。為適應抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)局勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化,國民政府軍(jun)政部將所(suo)屬(shu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)、軍(jun)事(shi)院校、研究所(suo)大(da)量向(xiang)云、貴、川等地(di)轉移(yi),戰(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)“首(shou)都”重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)擔負起兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)制造中心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史重(zhong)(zhong)任。1938年(nian)(nian),國民政府兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)署遷到重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing),對軍(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產進(jin)行(xing)調整改(gai)組,形成了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產體系。重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)鵝公巖(yan)抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產群,就是(shi)(shi)這一(yi)時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“漢(han)陽兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)”搬遷到重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di),當時(shi)為21兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)1分(fen)廠(chang)。漢(han)陽兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前身是(shi)(shi)“湖北槍(qiang)炮(pao)廠(chang)”,由晚清“洋務(wu)運(yun)動(dong)”代(dai)表人物(wu)張之洞(dong)創辦,民國初(chu)年(nian)(nian)改(gai)名(ming)為“漢(han)陽兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)”。1938年(nian)(nian)遷到重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)鵝公巖(yan)后,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產馬(ma)克(ke)沁重(zhong)(zhong)機槍(qiang)、捷克(ke)式輕(qing)(qing)機槍(qiang)、82毫(hao)米迫(po)擊炮(pao)和漢(han)陽造步(bu)槍(qiang)。1942年(nian)(nian)7月,改(gai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產中正式步(bu)槍(qiang)及其(qi)它陸軍(jun)輕(qing)(qing)武器(qi)。抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)期間,該(gai)廠(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)武器(qi),源源不(bu)斷地(di)運(yun)往抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)正面戰(zhan)(zhan)場,為抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勝利發(fa)揮了重(zhong)(zhong)要作(zuo)用。
抗戰勝利后,1946年3月,該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)奉令結(jie)束(shu)兵(bing)器(qi)生產,員(yuan)工(gong)及機器(qi)設(she)(she)備、半成品等作相應調配,仍隸屬(shu)第21兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)。1949年11月重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)解放(fang),重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)軍(jun)事(shi)管(guan)制委員(yuan)會(hui)接管(guan)該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)后,改(gai)名為“國(guo)營建(jian)設(she)(she)機床(chuang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)”。幾十年來,該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)發展成立建(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)業集團公司,為新中國(guo)的(de)國(guo)防工(gong)業和(he)經濟建(jian)設(she)(she)做(zuo)出(chu)了巨大(da)貢獻。
2013年5月,國(guo)務院印(yin)發《關于核定(ding)并公布第七批全國(guo)重點文物保護單位的(de)通知(zhi)》,公布重慶抗戰兵器工業舊(jiu)址群為全國(guo)重點文物保護單位。