重(zhong)慶抗戰(zhan)兵器工業舊址群(qun)包括九龍(long)坡區(qu)(qu)、江北(bei)區(qu)(qu)、萬(wan)盛經開區(qu)(qu)兵工廠(chang)的3處舊址。我(wo)區(qu)(qu)舊址為兵工署第一工廠(chang)舊址,位于(yu)重(zhong)慶市九龍(long)坡區(qu)(qu)謝家(jia)灣街道黃家(jia)碼頭(tou)社區(qu)(qu)重(zhong)慶建鋒(feng)摩托車配件總廠(chang)內。
“重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)抗(kang)(kang)戰兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)工業(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)群(qun)”是(shi)抗(kang)(kang)戰時(shi)期(qi)以重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)為(wei)(wei)中心的(de)兵(bing)(bing)工生產(chan)基地,這些重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)工業(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)支撐(cheng)了(le)長(chang)期(qi)抗(kang)(kang)戰,為(wei)(wei)西(xi)南大后方的(de)經(jing)濟建設(she)與兵(bing)(bing)工人(ren)才(cai)培養做出了(le)貢獻(xian)。此次申報的(de)“重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)抗(kang)(kang)戰兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)工業(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)群(qun)”是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)市現存(cun)抗(kang)(kang)戰遺址(zhi)文(wen)物(wu)保護點中兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)工業(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)的(de)代表,兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)工業(ye)(ye)依托(tuo)其他工業(ye)(ye)和(he)科(ke)學技術的(de)發(fa)展而發(fa)展,又在(zai)工業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展和(he)科(ke)技進步中起(qi)到(dao)帶頭和(he)促進作用。
據悉,第二(er)十(shi)一(yi)兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)車間舊(jiu)址部分位于跳磴(deng)鎮紅勝村一(yi)帶。而第二(er)十(shi)九兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)舊(jiu)址位于大(da)(da)渡口區老重鋼(gang)(gang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)區,廠(chang)(chang)(chang)址面積(ji)約5平方(fang)公里。廠(chang)(chang)(chang)內保存了1938年鍛造(zao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房1處(chu),原廠(chang)(chang)(chang)辦(ban)公樓(lou)(lou)(紅樓(lou)(lou))、原高線廠(chang)(chang)(chang)辦(ban)公樓(lou)(lou)(小(xiao)洋(yang)樓(lou)(lou))、1950年代(dai)煉(lian)鋼(gang)(gang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房、1960年代(dai)中板廠(chang)(chang)(chang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)房、大(da)(da)跨度(du)車間、中型軋(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)車間、大(da)(da)型軋(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)車間、8000馬力蒸汽(qi)(qi)機(ji)、3根高大(da)(da)煙囪、渝鋼(gang)(gang)村住(zhu)宅樓(lou)(lou)1棟、原交警(jing)(jing)招(zhao)待所、防空(kong)洞、警(jing)(jing)報臺、蒸汽(qi)(qi)火車機(ji)車、煉(lian)鐵廠(chang)(chang)(chang)高爐1組、煉(lian)焦爐1段、5萬立方(fang)儲氣罐、部分鐵路和(he)設(she)(she)施設(she)(she)備。該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)籌(chou)建(jian)于1890年,初名(ming)漢陽鐵廠(chang)(chang)(chang),抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爆(bao)發(fa)后,為保存民族工(gong)業(ye)的血脈(mo),1938年遷渝。抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)期間,該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)立原材料(liao)生產廠(chang)(chang)(chang),為抗(kang)擊日軍(jun)提供(gong)鋼(gang)(gang)材給各(ge)兵(bing)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)制造(zao)武(wu)器(qi),鋼(gang)(gang)鐵產量(liang)一(yi)度(du)占到抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)大(da)(da)后方(fang)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵總量(liang)的90%。2009年,列入重慶市抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)遺址文物(wu)保護點。
1937年(nian)(nian)(nian),抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)爆發(fa),日(ri)(ri)軍大(da)舉入侵中國(guo),國(guo)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)宣(xuan)布“移(yi)駐”重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)。為(wei)適應抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)局(ju)勢的(de)(de)變(bian)化,國(guo)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)軍政(zheng)部(bu)將所屬兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)、軍事院(yuan)校、研究所大(da)量向云(yun)、貴、川(chuan)等地(di)轉移(yi),戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)“首都(dou)”重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)擔負起兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)制造中心(xin)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)任。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian),國(guo)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)署(shu)遷(qian)到(dao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing),對(dui)軍工(gong)(gong)生產進行調整改(gai)組,形(xing)成了(le)新的(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)生產體(ti)系。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)鵝公巖抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)生產群,就(jiu)是這(zhe)一時(shi)期的(de)(de)“漢陽(yang)兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)”搬遷(qian)到(dao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)后的(de)(de)一個生產基地(di),當時(shi)為(wei)21兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)1分(fen)廠(chang)(chang)。漢陽(yang)兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)前身是“湖北槍(qiang)(qiang)炮廠(chang)(chang)”,由晚清“洋(yang)務運動”代表人(ren)物張之洞創辦,民(min)國(guo)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)改(gai)名為(wei)“漢陽(yang)兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)”。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)遷(qian)到(dao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)鵝公巖后,生產馬克沁重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)、捷(jie)克式輕機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)、82毫米迫擊炮和漢陽(yang)造步槍(qiang)(qiang)。1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,改(gai)生產中正(zheng)式步槍(qiang)(qiang)及其它(ta)陸(lu)軍輕武器(qi)。抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)期間,該廠(chang)(chang)生產的(de)(de)各類武器(qi),源源不(bu)斷(duan)地(di)運往抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)正(zheng)面戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場,為(wei)抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)勝利發(fa)揮了(le)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要作用。
抗戰勝利后,1946年3月(yue),該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)奉令(ling)結(jie)束兵器(qi)生產,員工(gong)及機器(qi)設(she)備、半(ban)成品等作相應(ying)調(diao)配,仍隸(li)屬第21兵工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)。1949年11月(yue)重(zhong)慶(qing)解放,重(zhong)慶(qing)軍事管制委員會接管該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)后,改名為(wei)“國(guo)營建(jian)設(she)機床廠(chang)(chang)(chang)”。幾十年來,該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)發展(zhan)成立建(jian)設(she)工(gong)業集團公司(si),為(wei)新中國(guo)的國(guo)防(fang)工(gong)業和經濟建(jian)設(she)做出了巨大貢(gong)獻。
2013年5月(yue),國(guo)務院印發《關于核定并公布(bu)第七批全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保護單位的通知》,公布(bu)重慶抗戰(zhan)兵(bing)器工業舊址群(qun)為全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保護單位。