芒果视频下载

基本介紹

肇(zhao)慶古城墻(qiang)蜿蜒2800多米，巍然屹立(li)，位于城墻(qiang)西北(bei)段最高(gao)處(chu)的披云樓高(gao)高(gao)聳立(li)。青磚壘(lei)成的斑駁城墻(qiang)和(he)鉆出(chu)墻(qiang)縫的頑強(qiang)小草，向(xiang)人們訴說著千年的歷(li)(li)史滄桑和(he)這個(ge)國家級歷(li)(li)史文(wen)化名城的變遷。

宋(song)(song)代的(de)肇慶古(gu)城(cheng)墻，其(qi)城(cheng)墻一共(gong)開有四(si)門：東(dong)曰(yue)宋(song)(song)崇、西曰(yue)鎮西、南曰(yue)端(duan)溪、北曰(yue)朝天。因此在城(cheng)墻的(de)周邊有四(si)個名(ming)稱分別為“東(dong)門”“西門”“南門”“北門”的(de)公共(gong)汽車站。

城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)之(zhi)上各(ge)有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)樓(lou)1座，四門(men)(men)之(zhi)外(wai)有甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四角各(ge)有角樓(lou)1座，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)還有護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。明成化五(wu)年(nian)（1469年(nian)），知(zhi)府李璲增厚了(le)部分城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，并親自題書四門(men)(men)石匾(bian)額(e)，改(gai)東門(men)(men)曰(yue)慶云(yun)、西(xi)門(men)(men)曰(yue)景星、南門(men)(men)曰(yue)南薰、北門(men)(men)曰(yue)朝(chao)天。

現古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)周(zhou)長2801.2米(mi)(mi)，其中(zhong)東(dong)段(duan)403.4米(mi)(mi)、西段(duan)376.9米(mi)(mi)、南段(duan)992.3米(mi)(mi)、北(bei)(bei)段(duan)1028.6米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)寬8米(mi)(mi)至18米(mi)(mi)，兩(liang)邊砌磚，中(zhong)間(jian)填土，磚墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)厚60厘米(mi)(mi)至120厘米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外圍有(you)(you)(you)(you)28個突出的(de)(de)敵臺(tai)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚有(you)(you)(you)(you)9種不同的(de)(de)規(gui)格，是歷史上多次(ci)修(xiu)葺(qi)的(de)(de)見證。當時為御(yu)敵兵(bing)，筑土墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，規(gui)模“僅(jin)容廨宇”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)歷代有(you)(you)(you)(you)擴(kuo)大(da)和修(xiu)整。宋(song)政和三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1113年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），知州鄭敦義將(jiang)土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擴(kuo)大(da)，筑為磚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，開(kai)4門(men)(men)，東(dong)曰(yue)宋(song)崇，西曰(yue)鎮(zhen)南，南曰(yue)端溪，北(bei)(bei)曰(yue)朝(chao)天。4門(men)(men)之外各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)半(ban)月形子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，稱月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)開(kai)一門(men)(men)，稱廓門(men)(men)，月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之上各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)小樓(lou)一座(zuo)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四角(jiao)亦各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)樓(lou)一座(zuo)，北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)西段(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)披云樓(lou)，南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)東(dong)段(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)文昌閣(ge)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上有(you)(you)(you)(you)空(kong)心炮臺(tai)6座(zuo)，小炮臺(tai)17座(zuo)，兵(bing)房(fang)(fang)13間(jian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外有(you)(you)(you)(you)濠(hao)塹(qian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)內(nei)濠(hao)。明洪武元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1368年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），由(you)江西行省郎中(zhong)攝(she)府事黃德明主持了首次(ci)修(xiu)葺(qi)。明成化年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)，又先后6次(ci)修(xiu)葺(qi)，增(zeng)加了串樓(lou)810間(jian)，加厚了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)厚度，并(bing)刻了四門(men)(men)石匾額，東(dong)門(men)(men)曰(yue)慶(qing)云、西門(men)(men)曰(yue)景(jing)星、南門(men)(men)曰(yue)南薰、北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)曰(yue)朝(chao)天。明清(qing)以來，先后10多次(ci)修(xiu)整，其中(zhong)規(gui)模較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：崇禎十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1614年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），肇(zhao)慶(qing)府總(zong)督張鏡心將(jiang)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)增(zeng)高3.5尺，改建4門(men)(men)月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。清(qing)順治(zhi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1651年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），總(zong)兵(bing)許爾顯，知府張之璧增(zeng)建炮臺(tai)6座(zuo)，窩鋪148間(jian)，水城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)炮臺(tai)2所，拆(chai)除城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)附近的(de)(de)房(fang)(fang)屋，增(zeng)修(xiu)樓(lou)堞等。

歷史沿革

肇(zhao)慶(qing)古(gu)(gu)城墻(qiang)(qiang)始建于宋皇佑(you)年中（1053年）。雖經過(guo)953年的(de)風風雨(yu)雨(yu)，但古(gu)(gu)城墻(qiang)(qiang)位置與(yu)周(zhou)長(chang)始終未變。像肇(zhao)慶(qing)古(gu)(gu)城墻(qiang)(qiang)這樣主體(ti)和城周(zhou)基本(ben)完整(zheng)的(de)宋代磚城墻(qiang)(qiang)，是廣(guang)東僅有，全國(guo)極少見的(de)。

史載(zai)廣(guang)西壯族首(shou)領儂智(zhi)(zhi)高反宋，兵(bing)鋒直(zhi)逼端州，端州太守(shou)丁寶(bao)臣因(yin)無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)守(shou)，棄城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)逃跑(pao)，被(bei)朝廷撤職。狄(di)青平(ping)定儂智(zhi)(zhi)高后（1053年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），肇(zhao)慶(qing)(qing)始筑土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)。宋政和三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1113年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）郡守(shou)鄭敦(dun)義將土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擴大(da)，筑為磚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，開四(si)(si)(si)門(men)(men)：東曰(yue)(yue)"宋崇"，西曰(yue)(yue)"鎮西"，南曰(yue)(yue)"端溪"，北曰(yue)(yue)"朝天"。宋城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建成(cheng)之后，經歷250多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，到明洪武元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1368年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）才作首(shou)次(ci)(ci)修(xiu)葺。明成(cheng)化(hua)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1465年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）至(zhi)清同(tong)治十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)407年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)，先(xian)后修(xiu)葺了(le)(le)20次(ci)(ci)，其中成(cheng)化(hua)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1480年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）知(zhi)府(fu)李在披云樓護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)濠的(de)近(jin)濠處增建了(le)(le)樓下磚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堵，加大(da)了(le)(le)部分城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)厚(hou)度。并且刻了(le)(le)四(si)(si)(si)門(men)(men)的(de)石匾(bian)額，改東門(men)(men)為"慶(qing)(qing)云"，西門(men)(men)為"景星(xing)"，南門(men)(men)為"南薰"，北門(men)(men)仍為"朝天"。崇禎十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1641年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）肇(zhao)慶(qing)(qing)府(fu)總(zong)(zong)督張鏡(jing)心主持，對古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作了(le)(le)更大(da)規模(mo)的(de)修(xiu)葺，把城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)增高了(le)(le)3尺5寸，使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)之高度增至(zhi)2丈5尺5寸。同(tong)時，改建了(le)(le)四(si)(si)(si)門(men)(men)的(de)月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，增筑了(le)(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)馬路。清代，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)多(duo)次(ci)(ci)在戰火中損毀，為加強城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池的(de)防(fang)衛。清順治八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1651年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）總(zong)(zong)兵(bing)許爾顯、知(zhi)府(fu)張之璧在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上增建炮臺(tai)6座、窩鋪(pu)148間(jian)、水城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)炮臺(tai)2所，拆除離城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)4尺以內(nei)的(de)房屋，增置修(xiu)葺樓堞(die)。此后直(zhi)至(zhi)民國初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池保持完好(hao)。

1915年(nian)，乙(yi)卯洪(hong)災，城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)抵御(yu)了洪(hong)災，使城(cheng)(cheng)內仍安(an)然無恙。但(dan)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)因此受到損害。1916年(nian)，肇(zhao)陽(yang)羅鎮守使李耀漢即撥款(kuan)修葺城(cheng)(cheng)墻，浚(jun)治(zhi)東門(men)外(wai)的(de)濠道。從(cong)1924年(nian)至1926年(nian)，將城(cheng)(cheng)墻上的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)、雉角樓(lou)、文昌閣、月城(cheng)(cheng)炮(pao)臺，城(cheng)(cheng)墻除披云(yun)樓(lou)段外(wai)全部拆低了約7市尺，并填塞(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)，修成斜坡以利交通(tong)。

宋城(cheng)內歷史上(shang)曾有(you)過端州府衙(ya)、兩廣總督府、端溪(xi)書院、校場、廣濟倉和(he)商業街市等。按照(zhao)我市名城(cheng)保護規劃(hua)(hua)和(he)文化建(jian)設規劃(hua)(hua)，對古城(cheng)墻將分(fen)期進(jin)行整(zheng)體恢復(fu)和(he)保護。與此同(tong)時(shi)，對宋城(cheng)內和(he)周(zhou)邊地區，將加大整(zheng)治力度(du)，保護好并(bing)逐步恢復(fu)有(you)關文物遺址。

肇慶"宋(song)(song)文化"景點之(zhi)(zhi)肇慶古城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)，端(duan)州(zhou)區(qu)的古城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)，始建于宋(song)(song)政(zheng)和三年(1113年)，周長2800多米(mi)，高(gao)6.5一10米(mi)，寬(kuan)8.5一18米(mi)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)皮砌磚，內為夯土。宋(song)(song)代(dai)的城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)開四門：東(dong)曰(yue)宋(song)(song)崇、西曰(yue)鎮南、南曰(yue)端(duan)溪、北(bei)曰(yue)朝天。城(cheng)門之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)各有城(cheng)門樓1座(zuo)，四門之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)有甕城(cheng)，城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四角(jiao)各有角(jiao)樓1座(zuo)，城(cheng)外(wai)還有護城(cheng)河。明清(qing)兩代(dai)歷經(jing)近20次修聾(long)。

肇慶古城墻始于宋(song)朝(chao)建成，并投入軍事使用，在明朝(chao)、清朝(chao)兩代歷(li)經近20次修聾。期間雷雹洪(hong)災，風吹雨(yu)打，然(ran)而(er)主體保持完好(hao)。

中華民國十三年(nian)至十五年(nian)（1924-1926年(nian)），城(cheng)墻(qiang)上的(de)城(cheng)門樓、角樓、雉堞、甕城(cheng)被(bei)全部拆毀，用以填塞城(cheng)

門(men)和護城(cheng)河(he)以利交通，使城(cheng)墻遭到極大的破壞。

1924年-1926年，城(cheng)墻(qiang)上的城(cheng)門(men)(men)樓、角樓、雉堞、甕城(cheng)被全部拆(chai)毀，用以填塞城(cheng)門(men)(men)和(he)護城(cheng)河以利交通，使(shi)城(cheng)墻(qiang)遭到極(ji)大的破(po)壞(huai)。

1987年(nian)以后，肇(zhao)慶(qing)市政府為保護名城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)標志性建(jian)筑，曾多(duo)次撥專款搶修(xiu)北段(duan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，恢復(fu)了"朝天(tian)門"、墩臺和雉(zhi)堞，并重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)了披云樓，使(shi)肇(zhao)慶(qing)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻得(de)以重(zhong)(zhong)現。但到今天(tian)，宋城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻除了北側一(yi)段(duan)，四周仍處在后世建(jian)筑的(de)包圍之(zhi)中(zhong)。如何使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻擺脫包圍，恢復(fu)本來面(mian)目。肇(zhao)慶(qing)市有關部門在開通北側宋城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)路(lu)以后，又投入巨資建(jian)設宋城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二路(lu)，使(shi)之(zhi)與宋城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)路(lu)連接，將北側首先展(zhan)現給世人。

1987年至于1996年間(jian)，肇慶(qing)(qing)市人民政府為保護名(ming)城(cheng)的標志性建(jian)筑，發展旅游(you)事(shi)業，曾多次(ci)撥專款搶修北段城(cheng)墻，本著“整(zheng)舊(jiu)如舊(jiu)”、“恢復(fu)原(yuan)貌”的修繕原(yuan)則(ze)，恢復(fu)“朝天門”、墩臺和雉堞(die)，并重(zhong)建(jian)了披云(yun)樓，使肇慶(qing)(qing)古(gu)城(cheng)墻得以(yi)重(zhong)現(xian)，肇慶(qing)(qing)國家歷(li)史文化(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)得以(yi)再度輝煌。其中歷(li)史價值較高的是宋城(cheng)路一(yi)帶(dai)城(cheng)墻的北段，在(zai)其內部(bu)為廣東肇慶(qing)(qing)中學初中部(bu)和肇慶(qing)(qing)市第一(yi)人民醫院舊(jiu)址。

解放后，人民政府(fu)(fu)依法保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和分期維修城墻，逐步整治周邊環境，使其(qi)雄(xiong)姿再現。它是歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化名(ming)城肇慶較具(ju)標志性的(de)建(jian)筑，1989年被廣東省(sheng)人民政府(fu)(fu)公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)，2001年被國(guo)務院公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。