簡介
玄天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)石(shi)塔(ta)(ta)原(yuan)名玲瓏(long)塔(ta)(ta),是(shi)我省現存最(zui)大的一座樓閣式石(shi)塔(ta)(ta),也是(shi)中原(yuan)地區保存最(zui)完整的大型青石(shi)塔(ta)(ta),是(shi)省重(zhong)點文物保護單(dan)位。玄天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)石(shi)塔(ta)(ta)坐(zuo)東(dong)朝西,為九(jiu)級重(zhong)檐平面(mian)四角樓閣式建筑,塔(ta)(ta)身(shen)自下而上(shang)逐層(ceng)收斂,高約12米。從二層(ceng)到(dao)九(jiu)層(ceng),每層(ceng)每壁(bi)都砌(qi)有橫向排列的小(xiao)佛龕(kan),轉角處均刻(ke)有姿(zi)態各異的力士像。據《湯陰縣志》記載,此塔(ta)(ta)始建于元(yuan)朝,重(zhong)建于明代,時稱天(tian)塔(ta)(ta),因該(gai)塔(ta)(ta)屹立于淇河北岸(an)玄天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)東(dong)南,又得名玄天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)石(shi)塔(ta)(ta)。登上(shang)石(shi)塔(ta)(ta),上(shang)可(ke)觀高峰絕(jue)壁(bi),下可(ke)覽淇水(shui)波濤,隔岸(an)還可(ke)遠眺雞冠(guan)山的秀(xiu)美風光。在該(gai)塔(ta)(ta)地宮(gong)還發現了(le)“釋(shi)迦牟尼兩弟子造像”。
據湯陰縣(xian)志記載,玄(xuan)天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)石(shi)(shi)塔始建于元朝,當時稱(cheng)“天(tian)塔”,明朝正德七年(nian)至九年(nian)(1512—1514年(nian))重修,稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“玲瓏寶塔”。又因(yin)建于龍巖寺內,稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍巖寺塔,后因(yin)塔西(xi)有玄(xuan)天(tian)洞(dong)(dong),又稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)石(shi)(shi)塔。在其西(xi)二點(dian)五公里(li)處(chu),也(ye)有一座石(shi)(shi)塔,故當地群眾又稱(cheng)兩塔為(wei)(wei)(wei)“姑嫂塔”,稱(cheng)西(xi)塔為(wei)(wei)(wei)“姑塔”,此石(shi)(shi)塔為(wei)(wei)(wei)嫂塔,或許其中還有著一個(ge)美麗的傳(chuan)說,只是如今這個(ge)傳(chuan)說也(ye)失傳(chuan)了。
玄天(tian)洞(dong)石(shi)塔(ta)(ta)是(shi)河南省現存最大的(de)一座(zuo)樓(lou)閣(ge)式(shi)石(shi)塔(ta)(ta),也是(shi)中原(yuan)地(di)區保(bao)存最完整(zheng)的(de)大型(xing)青石(shi)塔(ta)(ta),石(shi)塔(ta)(ta)坐(zuo)東向西,為四角樓(lou)閣(ge)式(shi)九級重檐(yan)建筑,高約12米。塔(ta)(ta)身自下(xia)而(er)上(shang)逐層(ceng)收斂(lian),隨著高度(du)上(shang)升將(jiang)每一層(ceng)出(chu)檐(yan)深(shen)度(du)都(dou)往(wang)里做(zuo)不(bu)等量的(de)遞減,使塔(ta)(ta)的(de)外(wai)形成為富有彈性的(de)弧線,直至(zhi)塔(ta)(ta)頂以高聳的(de)塔(ta)(ta)剎結(jie)束(shu),為這座(zuo)石(shi)質建筑平添了幾分(fen)美感。石(shi)塔(ta)(ta)塔(ta)(ta)身各處雕(diao)(diao)刻有佛(fo)像(xiang)和題(ti)記,內容豐富。最下(xia)為須彌座(zuo),雕(diao)(diao)蓮瓣、花卉、力士、云(yun)龍等。塔(ta)(ta)身第一層(ceng)南面(mian)辟門(men),門(men)楣刻“圣境”2字。兩側(ce)浮雕(diao)(diao)武士像(xiang),其旁有題(ti)銘(ming),一層(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)心室(shi)內嵌石(shi)碑3方,上(shang)刻碑額(e)、佛(fo)像(xiang)、佛(fo)名(ming)、施(shi)舍人(ren)姓名(ming)及地(di)址(zhi)等。二層(ceng)以上(shang)實心。每層(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)檐(yan)下(xia)雕(diao)(diao)一斗(dou)三(san)升斗(dou)拱,三(san)層(ceng)以上(shang)每層(ceng)東西兩面(mian)之倚(yi)柱上(shang)雕(diao)(diao)托塔(ta)(ta)力士。二層(ceng)至(zhi)九層(ceng)辟佛(fo)龕140多個,龕內佛(fo)像(xiang)已不(bu)存。
復建工程
1998年因建設盤石(shi)頭(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)庫,為保(bao)證塔(ta)體安全,根(gen)據省(sheng)文物(wu)局(ju)(ju)、省(sheng)古建所和(he)盤石(shi)頭(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)庫建設管理局(ju)(ju)三方(fang)協議(yi),連(lian)同附近(jin)元代(dai)磚塔(ta)一并拆除,所有構件裝箱(xiang)存于(yu)玄天(tian)洞(dong)內。隨著盤石(shi)頭(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)庫的竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)正常使用,玄天(tian)洞(dong)石(shi)塔(ta)復(fu)(fu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)作擺上了日(ri)程(cheng)。此次復(fu)(fu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)自2011年10月開始,由省(sheng)古建所、市文化(hua)新聞出版局(ju)(ju)共(gong)同實(shi)施。2012年4月,隨著驗收(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作結(jie)束,玄天(tian)洞(dong)石(shi)塔(ta)復(fu)(fu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。