云夢山(shan)(shan),又名(ming)(ming)青巖山(shan)(shan),在河南省鶴壁市淇縣西南十五公里。屬太(tai)行山(shan)(shan)脈,主(zhu)峰(feng)海拔577米,峰(feng)巒迭(die)嶂,山(shan)(shan)嵐(lan)霧靄,云蒸霞(xia)蔚,氣(qi)象萬千,泉水潺(chan)潺(chan),百花爭艷,素有“青巖表(biao)仙(xian)境之(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱。自古(gu)以來就(jiu)游覽勝(sheng)地。歷代(dai)文人。墨士沓至,留下(xia)不少詩章、摩崖題記和碑刻。戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的鬼(gui)谷(gu)子(zi),唐(tang)代(dai)甄濟(ji),明代(dai)水木氏曾在此隱居多年(nian);抗日戰(zhan)爭和解放(fang)(fang)戰(zhan)爭時(shi)(shi)期(qi),中共地下(xia)黨組織和解放(fang)(fang)軍(jun)戰(zhan)士也曾在這里留下(xia)足(zu)跡,故聞(wen)名(ming)(ming)遐(xia)(xia)邇。戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的鬼(gui)谷(gu)子(zi),唐(tang)代(dai)甄濟(ji),明代(dai)水木氏曾在此隱居多年(nian);抗日戰(zhan)爭和解放(fang)(fang)戰(zhan)爭時(shi)(shi)期(qi),中共地下(xia)黨組織和解放(fang)(fang)軍(jun)戰(zhan)士也曾在這里留下(xia)足(zu)跡,故聞(wen)名(ming)(ming)遐(xia)(xia)邇。
水簾洞,在云夢盆地南山陰半山崖,系鬼(gui)谷先生隱居(ju)之所,又是(shi)(shi)聚徒(tu)講學(xue)之地。洞高10米,寬(kuan)6米,進深80余米,是(shi)(shi)一天(tian)然洞穴。洞頂奇形怪狀的鐘乳(ru)石(shi)比(bi)比(bi)皆是(shi)(shi),如(ru)珠(zhu)似玉(yu)的水珠(zhu)順著鐘乳(ru)滴落石(shi)上,如(ru)墜玉(yu)盤,叮咚有聲,猶如(ru)古人撫(fu)琴開箏。
串串水(shui)(shui)(shui)珠恰(qia)似一(yi)(yi)幅珠簾(lian)(lian)懸于洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)。故(gu)名水(shui)(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。“碧水(shui)(shui)(shui)為簾(lian)(lian)山(shan)頭(tou)掛,紅(hong)桃似錦洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)開”,就(jiu)是這里(li)(li)景色的(de)寫(xie)(xie)照。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)之深(shen)處有(you)一(yi)(yi)泉潭,水(shui)(shui)(shui)晶瑩甘(gan)冽,夏秋之季(ji),泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)溢出(chu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)外,形成一(yi)(yi)道飛瀑、直瀉映(ying)瑞池,群(qun)眾為之洗洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)左(zuo)上(shang)方刻有(you)“鬼(gui)(gui)谷(gu)(gu)先(xian)生隱處”;洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)右側塑有(you)3.5米高的(de)鬼(gui)(gui)谷(gu)(gu)子站像一(yi)(yi)軀,右手(shou)持竹(zhu)簡,左(zuo)手(shou)放(fang)背(bei)后,恬靜安詳,雙目俯視,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生,好像在為弟(di)子傳術。出(chu)山(shan)門(men)直到五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)井,這是五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)鬼(gui)(gui)谷(gu)(gu),兩邊壁立萬仞,荊棘叢生,除摩崖題記外,還(huan)有(you)天書崖、孫臏墓(mu)等(deng)。相(xiang)傳谷(gu)(gu)先(xian)生經常乘坐牛(niu)車(che)出(chu)入水(shui)(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。山(shan)門(men)楹聯寫(xie)(xie)道:出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)跨扶青牛(niu),執拐杖駕起祥云(yun)。現在洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中留(liu)有(you)當年的(de)兩道車(che)轍和牛(niu)蹄痕跡(ji)。
石(shi)(shi)刻位于淇縣縣城(cheng)西南15公里的(de)太行山(shan)東麓(lu)余(yu)(yu)脈的(de)云夢山(shan)。主要有(you)宋代(dai)石(shi)(shi)窟、元(yuan)、明、清各代(dai)的(de)摩(mo)崖題記(ji)100余(yu)(yu)品,明清的(de)碑(bei)碣30余(yu)(yu)快,還有(you)孫臏洞、毛遂洞、道教(jiao)石(shi)(shi)塔、石(shi)(shi)牌坊(fang)、三清殿等古(gu)建筑,形成了龐大的(de)摩(mo)崖石(shi)(shi)刻群(qun)。
五(wu)(wu)里井石窟(ku)(ku)位于云夢山五(wu)(wu)里井距地(di)表約10米(mi)(mi)高的崖壁上,鑿建于宋代。窟(ku)(ku)門面向東,窟(ku)(ku)內平面近(jin)方形(xing),深2米(mi)(mi),寬1.8米(mi)(mi),高1.8米(mi)(mi),四壁雕有橫向排列的小佛(fo)像,現存103尊。五(wu)(wu)里井石窟(ku)(ku)為佛(fo)教建筑。
“重(zhong)修道(dao)院記”碑(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)云(yun)夢山(shan)水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)右側(ce)的(de)崖壁上,刻(ke)于(yu)元(yuan)大德(de)三年(1299)。此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)就山(shan)而鑿,通高3.54米(mi),寬1.20米(mi)。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)座就山(shan)勢雕鑿一巨形赑屃(龍(long)(long)生的(de)九(jiu)子之首,形似龜,力大無窮,平(ping)生好(hao)負(fu)重(zhong)),前(qian)爪犀利,曲頸向內,雙目(mu)炯(jiong)炯(jiong),遙望前(qian)方(fang)。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)為(wei)當(dang)時的(de)文(wen)學(xue)家王惲所(suo)撰,他用精辟(pi)的(de)文(wen)字生動地(di)(di)描述(shu)了水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)自然美景,追述(shu)唐代(dai)(dai)甄濟隱居此(ci)山(shan)的(de)情況和(he)元(yuan)代(dai)(dai)全真學(xue)者李志和(he)修復云(yun)夢山(shan)道(dao)院的(de)情景。道(dao)教石塔,位(wei)于(yu)云(yun)夢山(shan)盆地(di)(di)北(bei)山(shan)龐涓(juan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)下方(fang),明(ming)正(zheng)德(de)八年建(jian)造。塔平(ping)面呈正(zheng)方(fang)形,邊(bian)(bian)長1.5米(mi),尖頂,中(zhong)間有(you)層密檐。通高4.22米(mi)。塔南面下部(bu)中(zhong)間嵌(qian)一塊碑(bei)(bei)(bei)銘。這座道(dao)教石塔為(wei)研究(jiu)道(dao)教在(zai)云(yun)夢山(shan)的(de)活動史和(he)我國道(dao)教建(jian)筑,提供了重(zhong)要的(de)實物(wu)資料(liao)。水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)上方(fang)鐫刻(ke)著明(ming)萬歷十一年龍(long)(long)門通判(通判是兼(jian)行政(zheng)與監察(cha)于(yu)一身的(de)官吏)竇(dou)文(wen)的(de)摩崖題(ti)記“水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),鬼谷先(xian)生隱處”。 書(shu)體(ti)魏碑(bei)(bei)(bei),字大醒目(mu)。證實鬼谷子隱居云(yun)夢山(shan)辦學(xue)。竇(dou)文(wen)撰寫的(de)《詣(yi)水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)感》碑(bei)(bei)(bei),立于(yu)水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou),碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)為(wei)七絕(jue)一首:“天開(kai)玄竅(qiao)授名賢,地(di)(di)涌靈(ling)泉(quan)在(zai)里(li)邊(bian)(bian)。萬古水(shui)(shui)甘簾(lian)(lian)(lian)不卷,有(you)誰(shui)讀易絕(jue)半編。”字體(ti)為(wei)行草(cao),瀟灑流暢,詩文(wen)高度(du)概況了當(dang)年鬼谷子辦學(xue)的(de)盛況,
“仙洞(dong)偶筆”題(ti)記刻于水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)洞(dong)口右壁,為明代御史孫徵蘭題(ti)寫。詩文(wen)把佛教、道教兩種(zhong)思維觀點(dian),巧妙地融合在一起,來陳述自(zi)己(ji)的心志,同時贊美水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)洞(dong)。這方題(ti)記用狂(kuang)草書(shu)寫,如行云流(liu)水(shui)(shui),飛鴻(hong)戲(xi)海,可(ke)謂草書(shu)之(zhi)精品(pin)。
孫臏洞(dong)又稱洗塵洞(dong),清(qing)(qing)代所建(jian),在水(shui)簾洞(dong)北側約(yue)20米處,坐西面(mian)東,依山建(jian)房,面(mian)闊三間(jian),進深四(si)間(jian)。前墻由青(qing)石(shi)砌(qi)建(jian),門窗(chuang)均為(wei)石(shi)雕,屋頂用一整塊青(qing)石(shi)鋪(pu)蓋,雕刻斗拱(gong)、圓形(xing)瓦當、瓦壟。洞(dong)中有二排(pai)六根方形(xing)石(shi)柱(zhu)。石(shi)柱(zhu)上線刻和淺浮雕《孫臏下(xia)山》、《孫臏毛(mao)遂(sui)下(xia)棋(qi)》和《鍘趙王》、《下(xia)燕京》、《敬(jing)德戰秦瓊》、《秦瓊發配》等(deng)戲(xi)(xi)劇(ju)人(ren)物圖(tu)(tu)案。其中41幅戲(xi)(xi)曲人(ren)物圖(tu)(tu)已載入《中國(guo)戲(xi)(xi)曲志》和《中國(guo)戲(xi)(xi)曲大辭(ci)典》。這些圖(tu)(tu)案對(dui)研究我國(guo)古代戲(xi)(xi)劇(ju)和清(qing)(qing)代繪畫藝術有著極高的價(jia)值。
云夢(meng)山盆地舍身臺懸(xuan)崖(ya)處的摩崖(ya)題(ti)記(ji)(ji)是迄(qi)今河南(nan)省發現(xian)面(mian)積大的摩崖(ya)題(ti)記(ji)(ji),高6.9米(mi),寬3.77米(mi),面(mian)積26平方米(mi)。因上面(mian)水銹(xiu)嚴重,字跡模糊無(wu)法辯認(ren),其時(shi)代和題(ti)記(ji)(ji)內(nei)容(rong)待除銹(xiu)后方可(ke)斷(duan)定。
元(yuan)(yuan)代文學家王惲在贊美云夢山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)詩(shi)句中云:“徘(pai)徊讀盡摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)(ya)記(ji),卻是(shi)無能(neng)繼后蹤。”可見元(yuan)(yuan)代之前這(zhe)里就有(you)不少摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)(ya)題(ti)記(ji)。雖然元(yuan)(yuan)代以(yi)前的(de)摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)(ya)題(ti)記(ji)因山(shan)(shan)(shan)體風化已損毀,但云夢山(shan)(shan)(shan)現存的(de)石(shi)(shi)窟、石(shi)(shi)塔、石(shi)(shi)屋、石(shi)(shi)牌坊、碑碣(jie)和100多方(fang)元(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)、清摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)(ya)題(ti)記(ji)等石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)文物(wu),仍是(shi)學者(zhe)和游人流連忘返、令人向往的(de)地方(fang)。云夢山(shan)(shan)(shan)摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)(ya)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)猶如一座石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)藝術博物(wu)館,具(ju)有(you)豐富的(de)歷史(shi)信息(xi)和深厚的(de)文化藝術內涵。
戰國時(shi)期鬼谷子在(zai)云夢山隱居(ju)講學(xue),先后培養了(le)孫臏(bin)、毛遂、龐涓、蘇(su)秦(qin)、張儀等一批軍事家(jia)和縱橫家(jia)。淇縣云夢山已(yi)是國家(jia)四A級(ji)風景名勝區,每天游人絡繹不絕。
云夢山摩崖石刻1984年公布(bu)為縣級文物保護(hu)單(dan)位,2000年公布(bu)為省級文物保護(hu)單(dan)位,2006年公布(bu)為全國重點文物保護(hu)單(dan)位。