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遺址概況

漢魏洛陽城(cheng)遺址，是(shi)絲綢之路申遺東端的遺址。作(zuo)為1-6世紀的都(dou)城(cheng)，整座都(dou)城(cheng)遺址都(dou)成為了世界文化遺產。

2014年6月22日(ri)，中國(guo)與吉爾吉斯斯坦、哈薩克斯坦三國(guo)跨國(guo)聯(lian)合(he)申報的(de)”絲(si)綢之路(lu)：起(qi)始段-天(tian)山廊道的(de)路(lu)網”項(xiang)目通過(guo)第(di)38屆世界(jie)遺(yi)產(chan)委員會審議，漢魏洛陽遺(yi)址(zhi)作為(wei)絲(si)綢之路(lu)起(qi)點(dian)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)遺(yi)址(zhi)點(dian)正式(shi)列(lie)入《世界(jie)遺(yi)產(chan)名錄》。這(zhe)是(shi)我國(guo)第(di)33項(xiang)世界(jie)文化遺(yi)產(chan)。

漢魏洛陽城遺(yi)(yi)址是中國境內的22個遺(yi)(yi)址點的都城遺(yi)(yi)址。

今存遺(yi)址內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東垣(yuan)殘長(chang)(chang)(chang)3895米(mi)(mi)，西垣(yuan)殘長(chang)(chang)(chang)4290米(mi)(mi)，北(bei)垣(yuan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)3700米(mi)(mi)，南垣(yuan)已(yi)為(wei)洛河(he)所(suo)淹(yan)，殘垣(yuan)一(yi)般高出地面(mian)1～2米(mi)(mi)，北(bei)垣(yuan)東段高出地面(mian)5～7米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻皆夯土板筑(zhu)而(er)成，周長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)14公里。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內主要建筑(zhu)為(wei)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)、衙署、苑囿等。北(bei)魏宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)方形，南北(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1400米(mi)(mi)，東西寬(kuan)約(yue)660米(mi)(mi)。太(tai)(tai)極殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)宮(gong)中(zhong)正殿(dian)(dian)。東漢太(tai)(tai)學遺(yi)址在內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南郊，今偃(yan)師市太(tai)(tai)學村附近。

遺址現狀

城墻遺址

現(xian)存(cun)平(ping)面為(wei)長(chang)方形，南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)因洛(luo)河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)移被水沖毀。北(bei)(bei)、東(dong)、西3面城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)保存(cun)較好。部分地段高出(chu)(chu)地面5～7米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右。包括西北(bei)(bei)隅金墉(yong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)內，北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)全長(chang)約3700 米(mi)(mi)，寬約25～30米(mi)(mi)；西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)殘長(chang)約4290米(mi)(mi)，寬約20米(mi)(mi)；東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)殘長(chang)約3895米(mi)(mi)，寬14米(mi)(mi)。全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周長(chang)14公(gong)里。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)夯(hang)土版筑(zhu)(zhu)，版筑(zhu)(zhu)夾棍(gun)眼的痕跡(ji)尤存(cun)。在(zai)部分城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上還發現(xian)有(you)(you)向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)的墩臺，西墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)北(bei)(bei)段有(you)(you)4座，北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)東(dong)段有(you)(you)3座。墩臺間距為(wei)110～120米(mi)(mi)，類似后世城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)所筑(zhu)(zhu)的“馬面”。在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)側均發現(xian)有(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)遺(yi)跡(ji)。北(bei)(bei)魏外(wai)郭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)破(po)壞殆盡(jin)，現(xian)存(cun)南郭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)少量(liang)夯(hang)土垣墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)殘段。

城門遺址

西(xi)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)探(tan)出(chu)(chu)5座(zuo)城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，除北(bei)(bei)起第(di)二門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)二洞(dong)(dong)(dong)外，皆為一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。北(bei)(bei)一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)明(ming)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，向(xiang)南(nan)是北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)闔(he)閭門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，再南(nan)是北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，再南(nan)是東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雍門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)時廢，南(nan)是北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)明(ming)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)探(tan)出(chu)(chu)2座(zuo)城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，西(xi)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)三洞(dong)(dong)(dong)，是北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大夏(xia)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)夏(xia)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)已破壞，有一(yi)(yi)條路土通過(guo)，應是北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)莫門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)谷門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)探(tan)出(chu)(chu)3座(zuo)城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，皆為一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。北(bei)(bei)起第(di)一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建春(chun)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，與闔(he)閭門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)對。第(di)二門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，與西(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)對。第(di)三門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旄門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（又稱望京門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)），與西(xi)明(ming)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)對。文獻(xian)中所載南(nan)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4座(zuo)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，自(zi)西(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)津陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)津門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)）、宜陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)小(xiao)苑(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)）、平昌門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)平城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)）、開陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)同名），沒于洛水已無跡可(ke)尋。

閶闔門

閶闔(he)門是(shi)北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)宮城(cheng)的(de)正門，其北(bei)(bei)面正對宮城(cheng)正殿(dian)太(tai)極殿(dian)；南面為御(yu)道銅駝街，并(bing)直(zhi)通內城(cheng)正門宣陽門。閶闔(he)門始建于(yu)曹(cao)魏(wei)明(ming)帝時期，西晉、北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)時沿用。

閶闔(he)門北面正(zheng)對宮城(cheng)正(zheng)殿太極(ji)殿；南面為御道銅(tong)駝大街，并直通(tong)內城(cheng)正(zheng)門宣陽(yang)門。作為象征帝王(wang)威儀(yi)的禮儀(yi)性建筑，閶闔(he)門是舉行帝王(wang)登(deng)基、接見四(si)方(fang)朝貢(gong)者等重大活動的地(di)方(fang)，極(ji)少用于(yu)通(tong)行。洛陽(yang)市閶闔(he)門遺址(zhi)是為止考古發(fa)掘出的年代早(zao)的都城(cheng)宮城(cheng)正(zheng)門，閶闔(he)門的左右雙闕(que)也是迄(qi)今為止發(fa)掘所見早(zao)的宮城(cheng)門闕(que)。

宮城遺址

東漢時期，城(cheng)內(nei)主要(yao)宮(gong)(gong)殿為(wei)南(nan)宮(gong)(gong)和北(bei)(bei)宮(gong)(gong)。曹魏(wei)、西晉變化不大。北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)時建(jian)立了單獨的(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)。北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)的(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)位于城(cheng)內(nei)北(bei)(bei)中(zhong)部，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長1398米，東西寬660米，占全城(cheng)總(zong)面積(ji)十分之(zhi)一左右，是重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心建(jian)筑區。宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)的(de)(de)南(nan)、

東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)三面(mian)城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)已找到(dao)，南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)也稱閶闔門(men)(men)(men)，門(men)(men)(men)洞(dong)闕(que)口寬(kuan)約46米(mi)(mi)，門(men)(men)(men)兩側有(you)厚大的夯筑土(tu)闕(que)，形制雄偉(wei)；東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)云龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)與西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)神虎門(men)(men)(men)相對。宮(gong)城(cheng)內西(xi)部有(you)一座大型(xing)夯土(tu)臺(tai)基，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)長100米(mi)(mi)，南(nan)(nan)北寬(kuan)60米(mi)(mi)，高出地面(mian)4米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右，應(ying)是北魏(wei)太(tai)極殿(dian)遺址。在宮(gong)城(cheng)其他地方還發現夯土(tu)臺(tai)基20余處，亦為宮(gong)殿(dian)遺存。

城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)西北(bei)(bei)隅有(you)(you)曹魏時期(qi)修建的(de)金墉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，由3個南北(bei)(bei)相連的(de)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組成(cheng)，平(ping)面(mian)呈“目”字形，南北(bei)(bei)長(chang)約1048米，東(dong)西寬為255米。3城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之間有(you)(you)門道相通，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)寬約 12～13米，殘高6米左右。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)也發現有(you)(you)20多處(chu)夯土臺基。金墉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)靠邙山，可俯瞰洛陽(yang)全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)進攻和防守的(de)制高點，在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)外壁(bi)上，每隔60～70米也有(you)(you)一座(zuo)(zuo)向(xiang)外突出的(de)墩臺，可見這里應是(shi)一座(zuo)(zuo)軍事要塞。

太極殿

太(tai)(tai)(tai)極殿是我國古代(dai)的宮殿名稱。自三國時(shi)期，魏明帝始(shi)建(jian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)極殿后，直至唐朝歷代(dai)皇宮正殿（類似于北京(jing)故(gu)宮的太(tai)(tai)(tai)和殿）皆(jie)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)極殿，之后北宋(song)西京(jing)洛陽的大(da)內正殿亦(yi)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)極殿，清(qing)代(dai)北京(jing)紫閶闔門、太(tai)(tai)(tai)極殿遺址禁城亦(yi)有太(tai)(tai)(tai)極殿。

太極殿的(de)建造，確定了漢(han)魏洛(luo)陽城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建筑布局中心，而以太極殿為中心的(de)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)布局形態，標志著中國古(gu)代都城(cheng)(cheng)布局進(jin)入一個新(xin)的(de)歷史時期。

永寧寺遺址

永寧寺(si)(si)塔為北魏永寧寺(si)(si)佛(fo)塔,建于(yu)北魏熙平元年（516），在北魏國都(dou)洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)城內(nei)，現(xian)已不(bu)存，遺址在今洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)市(shi)白(bai)馬寺(si)(si)東，310國道與隴海鐵路交叉口處。

據楊玄之(zhi)《洛陽伽藍記》追述，永寧寺塔(ta)為木結構(gou)，高九(jiu)層(ceng)，一(yi)百里外都可看見(jian)。據其他記載，塔(ta)高四十(shi)九(jiu)丈或四十(shi)余(yu)丈，合今(jin)136．71米左右，加(jia)上(shang)塔(ta)剎通高約為147米，是古代(dai)偉大的(de)佛塔(ta)。永寧寺塔(ta)平面(mian)正方，每面(mian)各(ge)層(ceng)都有(you)三門(men)(men)六(liu)窗。塔(ta)剎上(shang)有(you)相輪30重（一(yi)說為13重之(zhi)誤），周圍垂金鈴(ling)，再上(shang)為金寶(bao)瓶(ping)。寶(bao)瓶(ping)下有(you)鐵索(suo)四道(dao)，引向(xiang)塔(ta)之(zhi)四角，索(suo)上(shang)也懸掛金鈴(ling)。晚上(shang)和風吹動，十(shi)余(yu)里外都可聽見(jian)。塔(ta)的(de)裝飾十(shi)分華麗(li)，柱子圍以錦繡，門(men)(men)窗涂(tu)紅漆，門(men)(men)扉上(shang)有(you)五行金釘(ding)，并有(you)金環鋪首。

太學遺址

始建于建武五年(nian)(29)，在校太(tai)學生曾(ceng)多達3萬余人。熹(xi)平(ping)(ping)四年(nian)(175)于太(tai)學講堂前立石(shi)碑46塊，史(shi)(shi)稱熹(xi)平(ping)(ping)石(shi)經。至曹魏正始二年(nian)(241)，又立石(shi)經28塊，史(shi)(shi)稱正始石(shi)經。

太學(xue)遺(yi)址分(fen)為東西(xi)兩大(da)部(bu)分(fen)，東部(bu)達(da)3萬(wan)平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)以上，西(xi)部(bu)也有(you)2萬(wan)平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)左右。在遺(yi)址內部(bu)有(you)大(da)面積(ji)的(de)夯土建筑遺(yi)址，有(you)一排排的(de)建筑房基，或(huo)為東西(xi)長(chang)方形，或(huo)為南(nan)北長(chang)方形，排與排之間(jian)距離相等，排列有(you)序。太學(xue)是(shi)古(gu)代傳授儒家學(xue)說(shuo)的(de)高學(xue)府。熹(xi)平(ping)(ping)石經(jing)是(shi)我國早的(de)官(guan)定儒學(xue)經(jing)本(ben)。東漢靈臺(tai)遺(yi)址在內城南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)，今(jin)洛陽市伊(yi)濱區崗(gang)上村與大(da)郊(jiao)(jiao)寨之間(jian)。

靈臺

靈(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)創建于光武帝中元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(56)，是當時大(da)的國家天文臺(tai)(tai)。曹魏(wei)、西晉相繼使(shi)用，達(da)(da)250余年(nian)之久(jiu)。靈(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)遺址范圍達(da)(da)4萬多(duo)平方(fang)米，中心建筑是一(yi)座方(fang)形(xing)夯(hang)土高臺(tai)(tai)，東(dong)西殘寬31米，南北(bei)殘長41米，殘高8米余。東(dong)漢科學家張衡(78～139)，曾先后兩次任太(tai)史令(ling)10多(duo)年(nian)，領導(dao)、主持和參與(yu)了靈(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)的天象觀測和天文研究。

金墉城

位于(yu)內城西北角的(de)金(jin)(jin)墉(yong)城，為曹魏明帝所筑(zhu)。南(nan)北長1048米(mi)，東(dong)西寬255米(mi)，總面積(ji)26萬平方米(mi)，城小而固，魏晉時(shi)被廢(fei)帝、后(hou)多安置于(yu)此。唐初，洛陽縣治設金(jin)(jin)墉(yong)城，貞觀六年(632)移于(yu)東(dong)都毓德坊(fang)，金(jin)(jin)墉(yong)城遂廢(fei)。經勘察發現三座小城連(lian)在(zai)一起，平面呈"目"字(zi)形(xing)。城外有(you)河水環流(liu)，各城門闕皆(jie)有(you)遺跡。城內發現夯(hang)筑(zhu)臺基多處，以及磚砌基址、水池(chi)等。

永寧寺

北魏(wei)時(shi)，增(zeng)修外(wai)(wai)廓(kuo)城(cheng)，長(chang)、寬(kuan)各約10公(gong)里(li)和7公(gong)里(li)。城(cheng)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)建(jian)有佛寺1367所，而以皇家寺院永寧(ning)(ning)寺為豪華(hua)壯麗。永寧(ning)(ning)寺在宮城(cheng)外(wai)(wai)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)面(mian)，初創于(yu)(yu)北魏(wei)熙(xi)平元年(516)，建(jian)成(cheng)16年后(hou)被雷擊焚毀。據勘測(ce)南(nan)北長(chang)305米(mi)，東西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)260米(mi)，中心為塔，塔基為方形，上(shang)下兩層，下層位于(yu)(yu)今(jin)地(di)表之(zhi)下，上(shang)層基座(zuo)長(chang)寬(kuan)各38.2米(mi)，高(gao)(gao)2.2米(mi)，四(si)面(mian)原以青石壘砌鑲包。在發掘(jue)塔基的過程中，出(chu)土一批工藝(yi)精湛的泥塑造像(xiang)，給研究(jiu)北魏(wei)佛教藝(yi)術提供了珍(zhen)貴(gui)資料。另有石雕、瓦、瓦當等建(jian)筑材料。平等寺北齊造像(xiang)碑(bei)(bei)俗稱寺里(li)碑(bei)(bei)，在漢(han)魏(wei)故城(cheng)內(nei)城(cheng)東垣外(wai)(wai)，今(jin)偃師市寺里(li)碑(bei)(bei)村南(nan)。計四(si)通，下部皆(jie)深埋于(yu)(yu)地(di)下，地(di)表裸露部分，高(gao)(gao)約1.5～2米(mi)不等。碑(bei)(bei)上(shang)雕有佛、菩(pu)薩、弟子(zi)像(xiang)，結跏趺(fu)坐的六(liu)佛圖，姿(zi)態優美(mei)的飛天，慢步行(xing)進(jin)的大象，造型生(sheng)動的猛獸(shou)，以及帳幔、火焰、蓮花等，內(nei)容豐富，題材多樣(yang)，為北齊所遺存下來的少數佛教藝(yi)術珍(zhen)品之(zhi)一。1962年開始對漢(han)魏(wei)故城(cheng)遺址(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)考古(gu)發掘(jue)，發掘(jue)工作至今(jin)仍在進(jin)行(xing)。