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漢魏洛陽故城
0 票數:0 #古城址#
漢魏洛陽故城,是中國公元1至6世紀中國七代王朝的都城。位于今洛陽城東15公里,北依邙山,南逾洛水,東據虎牢關,西控函谷關。它的城市規模分為宮城、內城和外郭城三重城圈,面積100平方公里,是西漢長安城的2.6倍、隋唐長安城的1.5倍,比拜占庭帝國首都君士坦丁堡大9倍、比公元800年所建的巴格達城大8.2倍。漢魏洛陽故城現存遺址為國務院公布的第一批全國重點文物保護單位。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 河南省(sheng)洛陽市(shi)洛龍區
  • 文物保護單位: 國家級第一批(東漢至北魏)
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遺址概況

漢魏洛陽城(cheng)遺址,是絲綢之路申(shen)遺東端(duan)的(de)遺址。作為1-6世紀的(de)都城(cheng),整座都城(cheng)遺址都成(cheng)為了世界文化遺產。

2014年6月22日,中國與吉爾(er)吉斯(si)(si)斯(si)(si)坦(tan)、哈薩(sa)克斯(si)(si)坦(tan)三國跨國聯合申報的”絲(si)綢之(zhi)路:起始段-天山廊道(dao)的路網”項目(mu)通過第(di)38屆世界(jie)遺產(chan)委員會審議,漢魏洛陽遺址作(zuo)為(wei)絲(si)綢之(zhi)路起點的重要遺址點正(zheng)式(shi)列入《世界(jie)遺產(chan)名(ming)錄》。這(zhe)是我國第(di)33項世界(jie)文化遺產(chan)。

漢魏洛陽(yang)城遺(yi)址(zhi)是(shi)中國(guo)境內的22個遺(yi)址(zhi)點的都(dou)城遺(yi)址(zhi)。

今存(cun)遺址內城東垣(yuan)殘(can)長(chang)3895米(mi)(mi),西(xi)垣(yuan)殘(can)長(chang)4290米(mi)(mi),北(bei)(bei)垣(yuan)長(chang)3700米(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)垣(yuan)已為洛河所淹,殘(can)垣(yuan)一(yi)般高出(chu)地面(mian)1~2米(mi)(mi),北(bei)(bei)垣(yuan)東段高出(chu)地面(mian)5~7米(mi)(mi)。城墻皆(jie)夯(hang)土板(ban)筑而成(cheng),周長(chang)約14公里。城內主要(yao)建筑為宮(gong)(gong)城、宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)、衙署、苑囿等。北(bei)(bei)魏宮(gong)(gong)城為長(chang)方形,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)約1400米(mi)(mi),東西(xi)寬約660米(mi)(mi)。太(tai)極殿(dian)(dian)為宮(gong)(gong)中正殿(dian)(dian)。東漢(han)太(tai)學(xue)遺址在內城南(nan)(nan)郊(jiao),今偃(yan)師市太(tai)學(xue)村(cun)附近。

遺址現狀

城墻遺址

現存(cun)平面為(wei)長(chang)方形(xing),南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)因洛河北(bei)移被水沖毀。北(bei)、東(dong)、西(xi)3面城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)保存(cun)較好。部分地段(duan)(duan)高出地面5~7米(mi)左右。包括西(xi)北(bei)隅金墉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在內,北(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)全長(chang)約(yue)3700 米(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)25~30米(mi);西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)殘(can)長(chang)約(yue)4290米(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)20米(mi);東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)殘(can)長(chang)約(yue)3895米(mi),寬(kuan)14米(mi)。全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)長(chang)14公里。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)夯土版筑(zhu),版筑(zhu)夾棍眼的痕(hen)跡尤存(cun)。在部分城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上還發(fa)現有(you)向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)突(tu)出的墩(dun)臺,西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)北(bei)段(duan)(duan)有(you)4座,北(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)東(dong)段(duan)(duan)有(you)3座。墩(dun)臺間距為(wei)110~120米(mi),類似后(hou)世(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)所筑(zhu)的“馬面”。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)側均(jun)發(fa)現有(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河遺跡。北(bei)魏外(wai)(wai)郭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)破(po)壞殆(dai)盡,現存(cun)南郭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)少量夯土垣墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)殘(can)段(duan)(duan)。

城門遺址

西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)墻探出5座城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),除北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)起第(di)二門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為一(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)二洞(dong)外(wai),皆(jie)為一(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)洞(dong)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)一(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承明門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),向(xiang)南是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闔(he)閭(lv)(lv)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),再(zai)南是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),再(zai)南是(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雍門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏時廢,南是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)明門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)墻探出2座城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),西(xi)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)三(san)洞(dong),是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大夏門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夏門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)洞(dong)已破壞(huai),有一(yi)條(tiao)路土通過,應是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)莫(mo)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谷(gu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)墻探出3座城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),皆(jie)為一(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)洞(dong)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)起第(di)一(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建春(chun)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),與闔(he)閭(lv)(lv)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)對。第(di)二門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),與西(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)對。第(di)三(san)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),即(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旄門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(又稱望京門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)),與西(xi)明門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)對。文獻中所載南城(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4座門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),自西(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)津(jin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢津(jin)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men))、宜陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢小苑門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men))、平昌門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢平城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men))、開陽(yang)(yang)(yang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢同名),沒于洛水已無(wu)跡可尋。

閶闔門

閶闔(he)門(men)(men)是北(bei)魏宮城(cheng)的正(zheng)(zheng)門(men)(men),其北(bei)面正(zheng)(zheng)對宮城(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)殿太極殿;南(nan)面為御道銅駝街(jie),并直通內城(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)門(men)(men)宣陽門(men)(men)。閶闔(he)門(men)(men)始建于曹魏明帝時(shi)期,西晉、北(bei)魏時(shi)沿用。

閶闔(he)(he)門(men)(men)(men)北(bei)面正對宮城(cheng)正殿(dian)太極殿(dian);南面為(wei)御(yu)道銅駝大街,并直通(tong)內(nei)城(cheng)正門(men)(men)(men)宣(xuan)陽門(men)(men)(men)。作為(wei)象(xiang)征帝王(wang)威儀的(de)禮儀性建(jian)筑,閶闔(he)(he)門(men)(men)(men)是舉行帝王(wang)登基、接見四方(fang)朝貢者等重大活動(dong)的(de)地方(fang),極少用(yong)于通(tong)行。洛(luo)陽市閶闔(he)(he)門(men)(men)(men)遺址是為(wei)止考古發掘出的(de)年(nian)代早的(de)都城(cheng)宮城(cheng)正門(men)(men)(men),閶闔(he)(he)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)左右雙闕也是迄今(jin)為(wei)止發掘所(suo)見早的(de)宮城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)闕。

宮城遺址

東漢時期,城(cheng)內主要宮(gong)殿(dian)為南(nan)(nan)宮(gong)和北(bei)(bei)宮(gong)。曹魏、西晉變化不大(da)。北(bei)(bei)魏時建(jian)立了單獨的(de)宮(gong)城(cheng)。北(bei)(bei)魏的(de)宮(gong)城(cheng)位(wei)于城(cheng)內北(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)部,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長1398米(mi),東西寬660米(mi),占全城(cheng)總(zong)面(mian)積十分之一左右,是重要的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)建(jian)筑區。宮(gong)城(cheng)的(de)南(nan)(nan)、

東(dong)、西三面城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)已(yi)找到(dao),南門(men)(men)(men)(men)也稱閶闔門(men)(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞闕(que)口寬(kuan)約46米(mi),門(men)(men)(men)(men)兩側有厚(hou)大(da)的(de)夯(hang)筑(zhu)土(tu)闕(que),形制雄(xiong)偉;東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)云龍門(men)(men)(men)(men)與西門(men)(men)(men)(men)神虎門(men)(men)(men)(men)相對(dui)。宮(gong)城(cheng)內西部有一座大(da)型夯(hang)土(tu)臺(tai)基(ji),東(dong)西長100米(mi),南北(bei)寬(kuan)60米(mi),高出地(di)面4米(mi)左右,應(ying)是(shi)北(bei)魏太(tai)極殿(dian)遺(yi)址。在宮(gong)城(cheng)其(qi)他(ta)地(di)方還發(fa)現(xian)夯(hang)土(tu)臺(tai)基(ji)20余處(chu),亦為(wei)宮(gong)殿(dian)遺(yi)存。

城的(de)(de)西(xi)北隅有曹魏時期修建的(de)(de)金(jin)墉(yong)城,由(you)3個(ge)南北相(xiang)連(lian)的(de)(de)小城組成,平面(mian)呈“目”字形,南北長約(yue)1048米(mi),東西(xi)寬為255米(mi)。3城之間有門道相(xiang)通(tong),城墻(qiang)寬約(yue) 12~13米(mi),殘高(gao)6米(mi)左右(you)。城內也(ye)發(fa)現有20多(duo)處夯土(tu)臺基。金(jin)墉(yong)城北靠邙山,可俯瞰洛(luo)陽全城,是進攻和(he)防(fang)守的(de)(de)制高(gao)點,在城墻(qiang)的(de)(de)外壁上(shang),每隔60~70米(mi)也(ye)有一(yi)座向外突出的(de)(de)墩臺,可見這里(li)應是一(yi)座軍事要塞(sai)。

太極殿

太(tai)(tai)極(ji)殿(dian)是我國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)的(de)宮殿(dian)名稱。自(zi)三國(guo)時期(qi),魏(wei)明帝始建太(tai)(tai)極(ji)殿(dian)后,直至唐(tang)朝歷(li)代(dai)皇宮正殿(dian)(類似于北(bei)京(jing)故宮的(de)太(tai)(tai)和殿(dian))皆為太(tai)(tai)極(ji)殿(dian),之后北(bei)宋西(xi)京(jing)洛陽的(de)大(da)內正殿(dian)亦為太(tai)(tai)極(ji)殿(dian),清代(dai)北(bei)京(jing)紫閶闔(he)門、太(tai)(tai)極(ji)殿(dian)遺(yi)址禁城亦有太(tai)(tai)極(ji)殿(dian)。

太(tai)(tai)極(ji)殿(dian)的(de)建(jian)造(zao),確定(ding)了漢魏(wei)洛陽城的(de)建(jian)筑布局中心,而以太(tai)(tai)極(ji)殿(dian)為中心的(de)宮城布局形態(tai),標志著中國古代都城布局進入一個新的(de)歷史時期(qi)。

永寧寺遺址

永(yong)寧寺塔為北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)永(yong)寧寺佛(fo)塔,建于(yu)北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)熙(xi)平元年(516),在(zai)北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)國都洛陽城內,現已不存,遺址在(zai)今洛陽市白馬寺東,310國道與隴海鐵路交(jiao)叉(cha)口處。

據楊玄(xuan)之《洛陽伽藍(lan)記》追述,永(yong)寧(ning)(ning)寺塔(ta)為(wei)木結(jie)構,高(gao)九層,一百(bai)里外(wai)都可(ke)(ke)看見。據其他記載,塔(ta)高(gao)四十(shi)九丈或四十(shi)余(yu)丈,合今136.71米左(zuo)右,加(jia)上塔(ta)剎通(tong)高(gao)約(yue)為(wei)147米,是古代偉大的佛塔(ta)。永(yong)寧(ning)(ning)寺塔(ta)平面正方,每面各(ge)層都有(you)(you)三門六窗。塔(ta)剎上有(you)(you)相輪30重(zhong)(一說為(wei)13重(zhong)之誤),周圍垂金(jin)鈴(ling),再上為(wei)金(jin)寶瓶。寶瓶下(xia)有(you)(you)鐵索四道(dao),引(yin)向塔(ta)之四角(jiao),索上也(ye)懸掛金(jin)鈴(ling)。晚上和風吹動,十(shi)余(yu)里外(wai)都可(ke)(ke)聽見。塔(ta)的裝飾十(shi)分華麗(li),柱子圍以錦(jin)繡,門窗涂紅漆,門扉(fei)上有(you)(you)五行金(jin)釘,并有(you)(you)金(jin)環鋪首。

太學遺址

始建于(yu)建武五年(29),在校太學(xue)生(sheng)曾多達3萬余人。熹(xi)平(ping)四年(175)于(yu)太學(xue)講堂前(qian)立石(shi)碑(bei)46塊(kuai),史(shi)稱熹(xi)平(ping)石(shi)經(jing)。至曹魏正始二年(241),又(you)立石(shi)經(jing)28塊(kuai),史(shi)稱正始石(shi)經(jing)。

太學(xue)遺址(zhi)分為(wei)東(dong)西兩大部分,東(dong)部達3萬平(ping)方米以(yi)上,西部也有2萬平(ping)方米左右。在(zai)(zai)遺址(zhi)內部有大面積的夯土建筑遺址(zhi),有一排排的建筑房基(ji),或(huo)為(wei)東(dong)西長(chang)方形(xing),或(huo)為(wei)南北長(chang)方形(xing),排與(yu)排之間距(ju)離相等,排列有序。太學(xue)是(shi)古代傳(chuan)授儒家學(xue)說的高學(xue)府。熹(xi)平(ping)石經(jing)是(shi)我國早(zao)的官定儒學(xue)經(jing)本。東(dong)漢靈臺遺址(zhi)在(zai)(zai)內城南郊(jiao),今洛陽市伊濱區崗上村與(yu)大郊(jiao)寨之間。

靈臺

靈臺(tai)(tai)(tai)創建于光武帝中(zhong)(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)年(56),是(shi)(shi)當(dang)時大的國家(jia)天(tian)(tian)文臺(tai)(tai)(tai)。曹魏、西晉相繼使用,達250余年之久。靈臺(tai)(tai)(tai)遺址范圍(wei)達4萬多平方(fang)米(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)心建筑是(shi)(shi)一(yi)座方(fang)形夯土高(gao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),東(dong)西殘寬(kuan)31米(mi)(mi),南北殘長41米(mi)(mi),殘高(gao)8米(mi)(mi)余。東(dong)漢(han)科(ke)學家(jia)張(zhang)衡(78~139),曾先(xian)后兩次任太(tai)史(shi)令10多年,領(ling)導、主持(chi)和參(can)與了靈臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的天(tian)(tian)象觀測(ce)和天(tian)(tian)文研究。

金墉城

位于內(nei)城西北(bei)角的金墉城,為曹魏(wei)明帝所筑。南北(bei)長1048米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬255米(mi)(mi),總面(mian)積26萬平方米(mi)(mi),城小而固,魏(wei)晉時被廢帝、后多安置于此。唐初,洛陽縣治設金墉城,貞(zhen)觀六年(632)移(yi)于東(dong)都(dou)毓德坊,金墉城遂(sui)廢。經勘察發現(xian)(xian)三座(zuo)小城連在一起,平面(mian)呈(cheng)"目"字形(xing)。城外有河水(shui)環流,各城門闕皆有遺跡(ji)。城內(nei)發現(xian)(xian)夯筑臺基多處,以及磚砌基址、水(shui)池等。

永寧寺

北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)時,增修外(wai)廓城(cheng),長、寬各(ge)約10公里(li)和7公里(li)。城(cheng)內外(wai)建有佛(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)1367所,而(er)以皇家(jia)寺(si)(si)(si)院永寧寺(si)(si)(si)為(wei)豪華壯麗。永寧寺(si)(si)(si)在宮城(cheng)外(wai)西南面(mian)(mian),初創于(yu)北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)熙平(ping)(ping)元年(nian)(516),建成16年(nian)后(hou)被(bei)雷擊焚毀。據勘(kan)測南北(bei)長305米,東西寬260米,中心(xin)為(wei)塔,塔基為(wei)方形(xing),上(shang)下兩(liang)層(ceng),下層(ceng)位于(yu)今(jin)地(di)表之下,上(shang)層(ceng)基座長寬各(ge)38.2米,高2.2米,四(si)面(mian)(mian)原以青石壘砌鑲(xiang)包。在發(fa)掘塔基的(de)(de)過程中,出(chu)土一批工(gong)藝(yi)精湛的(de)(de)泥塑造像,給研(yan)究北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佛(fo)教藝(yi)術提供了珍(zhen)貴(gui)資料。另有石雕、瓦、瓦當(dang)等建筑材(cai)料。平(ping)(ping)等寺(si)(si)(si)北(bei)齊(qi)造像碑俗稱寺(si)(si)(si)里(li)碑,在漢(han)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)故城(cheng)內城(cheng)東垣外(wai),今(jin)偃師市(shi)寺(si)(si)(si)里(li)碑村南。計四(si)通(tong),下部(bu)皆深(shen)埋(mai)于(yu)地(di)下,地(di)表裸露(lu)部(bu)分,高約1.5~2米不等。碑上(shang)雕有佛(fo)、菩薩(sa)、弟子像,結(jie)跏趺坐的(de)(de)六佛(fo)圖,姿態優(you)美的(de)(de)飛天,慢步(bu)行(xing)進(jin)的(de)(de)大象,造型生動的(de)(de)猛獸,以及帳幔、火焰、蓮(lian)花等,內容豐(feng)富,題材(cai)多樣,為(wei)北(bei)齊(qi)所遺存下來(lai)的(de)(de)少數佛(fo)教藝(yi)術珍(zhen)品之一。1962年(nian)開始對漢(han)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)故城(cheng)遺址進(jin)行(xing)考古發(fa)掘,發(fa)掘工(gong)作至(zhi)今(jin)仍在進(jin)行(xing)。

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