岳(yue)州關,又名城陵(ling)磯(ji)海關,俗(su)稱(cheng)上洋關,建于清光(guang)緒二十(shi)七(qi)年(1901),位于岳(yue)陽(yang)市岳(yue)陽(yang)樓區岳(yue)陽(yang)城陵(ling)磯(ji)客運碼(ma)頭東側的山丘上。
岳州關(guan)(guan)于光(guang)緒二十五年(1899)正式開關(guan)(guan),光(guang)緒二十七(qi)年(1901)三(san)座關(guan)(guan)房(fang)及附屬建筑完工,這(zhe)三(san)棟英式二層建筑呈“品”字形屹立(li)于湖畔山(shan)頭(tou),分上(shang)(shang)、中、下三(san)館(guan)(guan),上(shang)(shang)為幫辦(ban)公(gong)館(guan)(guan),中為辦(ban)公(gong)地(di)點,下為稅務司公(gong)館(guan)(guan)。中、下兩館(guan)(guan)由于歷史原因已(yi)被拆除,現僅(jin)存(cun)上(shang)(shang)館(guan)(guan),即上(shang)(shang)洋(yang)關(guan)(guan)。岳州關(guan)(guan)幫辦(ban)公(gong)館(guan)(guan)座東朝西,居山(shan)丘(qiu)之巔(dian),處江(jiang)湖交(jiao)匯要沖(chong),地(di)理位(wei)置十分優越,是對過往(wang)船只進行監督和管理的(de)極好場(chang)所。
關(guan)房(fang)外形為(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)券(quan)廊西(xi)(xi)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),主(zhu)要由磚、木(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)(he)石(shi)材混合結(jie)構(gou)(gou),設計巧妙(miao),層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次分明,錯落有致(zhi)。上下兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各(ge)有大(da)(da)(da)小房(fang)間數間,四通(tong)八達,占(zhan)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)415平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米。岳州關(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青磚墻體,青瓦屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian),一(yi)樓(lou)(lou)地板和(he)(he)二(er)樓(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)板為(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質構(gou)(gou)架,上下板沿空,有架空層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),二(er)樓(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)筋均為(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質,呈四方(fang)(fang)形,一(yi)樓(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)筋亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質,呈圓形;四周(zhou)眠(mian)墻為(wei)(wei)(wei)青磚砌(qi)成,內房(fang)眠(mian)墻亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)青磚砌(qi)成;屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂檁(lin)子(zi)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)大(da)(da)(da)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材構(gou)(gou)成;整個屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂鋪有木(mu)(mu)(mu)質檁(lin)子(zi)。屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)則類似我(wo)國的(de)四坡頂,屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)陡(dou)(dou)峻;正(zheng)大(da)(da)(da)門建(jian)(jian)有石(shi)級臺階(jie),臺階(jie)由四個踏步構(gou)(gou)成,結(jie)構(gou)(gou)嚴(yan)謹;自正(zheng)大(da)(da)(da)門通(tong)道至(zhi)二(er)樓(lou)(lou)建(jian)(jian)有斜(xie)形筆直木(mu)(mu)(mu)質樓(lou)(lou)梯,外側(ce)設有高木(mu)(mu)(mu)質護欄,上下自如,設計精美,上下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)正(zheng)中分別建(jian)(jian)有寬大(da)(da)(da)通(tong)道。兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)回(hui)廊均為(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)式(shi)卷門配(pei)以(yi)(yi)磚砌(qi)方(fang)(fang)柱,左(zuo)右兩(liang)(liang)邊房(fang)中都(dou)有壁(bi)爐,通(tong)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)頂專用(yong)(yong)煙囟解決(jue)取暖,門窗高大(da)(da)(da),并(bing)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)使用(yong)(yong)玻璃,比較注(zhu)重通(tong)風(feng)和(he)(he)采(cai)光,上下兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)樓(lou)(lou)板、木(mu)(mu)(mu)樓(lou)(lou)梯以(yi)(yi)及地下架空層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)使用(yong)(yong),以(yi)(yi)解決(jue)隔潮,兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)天(tian)花(hua)板均采(cai)用(yong)(yong)泥(ni)木(mu)(mu)(mu)條(tiao)抹(mo)灰,木(mu)(mu)(mu)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)架用(yong)(yong)材碩(shuo)大(da)(da)(da),并(bing)與我(wo)國傳統建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)架大(da)(da)(da)異其(qi)趣(qu),屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)類似我(wo)國的(de)四坡頂,但屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)陡(dou)(dou)峻,西(xi)(xi)洋風(feng)格濃烈。中下關(guan)房(fang)已于1992年(nian)城陵磯擴建(jian)(jian)港區時拆毀。
岳州關是(shi)(shi)清(qing)政府自鴉片戰爭門戶開放以來(lai)的(de)一個自開口岸(an),是(shi)(shi)帝國主義列強對湖(hu)南(nan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)經濟侵略(lve)的(de)第(di)一個據(ju)點(dian),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)岳陽(yang)及湖(hu)湘(xiang)對外(wai)開放的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)見證(zheng),是(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)愛國主義教育(yu)的(de)極好場(chang)所,其(qi)西式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑又(you)是(shi)(shi)研究建(jian)(jian)筑發展(zhan)史(shi)(shi)的(de)寶貴實物資料。2002年被公(gong)布(bu)為省級文物保護單(dan)位。目前由國務院公(gong)布(bu)為第(di)七批全國重點(dian)文物保護單(dan)位。