岳州(zhou)關(guan),又名城陵磯海關(guan),俗稱上洋關(guan),建于清光緒二十七年(nian)(1901),位(wei)于岳陽(yang)市(shi)岳陽(yang)樓(lou)區(qu)岳陽(yang)城陵磯客(ke)運(yun)碼頭東側的山丘(qiu)上。
岳州關于光緒二十(shi)五年(1899)正式開關,光緒二十(shi)七年(1901)三(san)(san)座(zuo)關房及附屬(shu)建筑(zhu)完(wan)工,這(zhe)三(san)(san)棟英式二層建筑(zhu)呈“品”字形屹立于湖畔山頭(tou),分上(shang)、中(zhong)、下三(san)(san)館,上(shang)為(wei)幫辦公(gong)(gong)館,中(zhong)為(wei)辦公(gong)(gong)地點,下為(wei)稅務司公(gong)(gong)館。中(zhong)、下兩館由于歷(li)史(shi)原(yuan)因(yin)已被拆除,現僅存上(shang)館,即上(shang)洋關。岳州關幫辦公(gong)(gong)館座(zuo)東朝西,居山丘之(zhi)巔,處江湖交(jiao)匯(hui)要沖,地理(li)位置(zhi)十(shi)分優越,是對(dui)過往船(chuan)只進行監(jian)督(du)和管理(li)的極(ji)好(hao)場(chang)所。
關房(fang)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)券廊(lang)西式建筑(zhu),主要由(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和石(shi)材混(hun)合結構(gou),設(she)計(ji)巧妙,層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次分明(ming),錯落有(you)(you)(you)致。上下(xia)兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)小房(fang)間數間,四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)八達,占地面(mian)(mian)積415平方米。岳州關為(wei)(wei)(wei)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)墻體,青瓦屋(wu)面(mian)(mian),一樓(lou)地板(ban)(ban)和二(er)(er)樓(lou)樓(lou)板(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)架(jia),上下(xia)板(ban)(ban)沿(yan)空(kong)(kong),有(you)(you)(you)架(jia)空(kong)(kong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),二(er)(er)樓(lou)樓(lou)筋均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),呈四(si)方形(xing)(xing),一樓(lou)樓(lou)筋亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),呈圓形(xing)(xing);四(si)周(zhou)眠(mian)墻為(wei)(wei)(wei)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌成,內房(fang)眠(mian)墻亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌成;屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)檁子(zi)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)粗大(da)(da)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材構(gou)成;整個屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)鋪有(you)(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檁子(zi)。屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)則(ze)類(lei)似我國(guo)的(de)四(si)坡頂(ding)(ding),屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)陡峻;正(zheng)大(da)(da)門建有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)級臺階(jie),臺階(jie)由(you)四(si)個踏步構(gou)成,結構(gou)嚴謹;自正(zheng)大(da)(da)門通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道至二(er)(er)樓(lou)建有(you)(you)(you)斜形(xing)(xing)筆直(zhi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樓(lou)梯(ti),外(wai)側設(she)有(you)(you)(you)高木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)欄,上下(xia)自如(ru),設(she)計(ji)精美,上下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)正(zheng)中(zhong)分別(bie)建有(you)(you)(you)寬大(da)(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道。兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)回廊(lang)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)西式卷門配以(yi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌方柱,左右兩(liang)邊房(fang)中(zhong)都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)壁爐,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)專用(yong)煙囟解(jie)決取暖,門窗(chuang)高大(da)(da),并(bing)大(da)(da)量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)玻璃,比較注重通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)和采(cai)光,上下(xia)兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)樓(lou)板(ban)(ban)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)樓(lou)梯(ti)以(yi)及地下(xia)架(jia)空(kong)(kong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)使(shi)用(yong),以(yi)解(jie)決隔潮,兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)天花板(ban)(ban)均(jun)采(cai)用(yong)泥(ni)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)條(tiao)抹灰(hui),木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)屋(wu)架(jia)用(yong)材碩大(da)(da),并(bing)與我國(guo)傳統建筑(zhu)的(de)屋(wu)架(jia)大(da)(da)異其(qi)趣,屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)類(lei)似我國(guo)的(de)四(si)坡頂(ding)(ding),但屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)陡峻,西洋風(feng)格濃烈。中(zhong)下(xia)關房(fang)已于1992年城陵(ling)磯(ji)擴建港區時拆毀。
岳州關是(shi)(shi)清政府自(zi)(zi)鴉片戰爭門戶(hu)開放以來的一個(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)開口岸,是(shi)(shi)帝國(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)列強對湖南(nan)進(jin)行經濟侵略(lve)的第一個(ge)(ge)據點,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)岳陽及(ji)湖湘對外開放的歷(li)史見(jian)證,是(shi)(shi)進(jin)行愛國(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)教(jiao)育的極好(hao)場所,其西式(shi)建(jian)筑又是(shi)(shi)研究建(jian)筑發展史的寶貴實物(wu)資料。2002年被公(gong)布為(wei)省級文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)。目前由(you)國(guo)務院(yuan)公(gong)布為(wei)第七批全國(guo)重點文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)。