岳(yue)州關,又名(ming)城(cheng)陵磯海關,俗稱(cheng)上洋關,建于清光緒二十七(qi)年(1901),位于岳(yue)陽市(shi)岳(yue)陽樓區(qu)岳(yue)陽城(cheng)陵磯客運碼頭東(dong)側(ce)的山丘(qiu)上。
岳(yue)州(zhou)關(guan)于(yu)光緒二(er)十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(1899)正式開(kai)關(guan),光緒二(er)十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(1901)三(san)座關(guan)房及附屬建筑完工,這三(san)棟英式二(er)層建筑呈“品”字形屹立于(yu)湖畔(pan)山頭,分(fen)上、中(zhong)(zhong)、下(xia)三(san)館,上為幫辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)館,中(zhong)(zhong)為辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)點,下(xia)為稅務司公(gong)(gong)(gong)館。中(zhong)(zhong)、下(xia)兩(liang)館由于(yu)歷史原因已被拆除,現僅存上館,即上洋關(guan)。岳(yue)州(zhou)關(guan)幫辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)館座東(dong)朝西(xi),居山丘之巔,處江湖交匯要沖,地(di)理位(wei)置(zhi)十(shi)(shi)分(fen)優(you)越,是(shi)對過往(wang)船(chuan)只進行監督和管理的極(ji)好場所。
關房(fang)(fang)外(wai)形為(wei)二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)券廊西(xi)式建(jian)筑,主要由磚、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和石(shi)材(cai)混合結構(gou),設(she)計(ji)巧(qiao)妙,層(ceng)(ceng)次分明,錯落(luo)有(you)(you)致。上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)兩層(ceng)(ceng)各有(you)(you)大小房(fang)(fang)間數間,四(si)通(tong)八達,占地面(mian)積415平(ping)方米。岳州關為(wei)青(qing)磚墻體(ti),青(qing)瓦屋(wu)(wu)面(mian),一樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)地板和二(er)(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)板為(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)構(gou)架(jia)(jia),上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)板沿空,有(you)(you)架(jia)(jia)空層(ceng)(ceng),二(er)(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)筋均為(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi),呈四(si)方形,一樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)筋亦為(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi),呈圓形;四(si)周眠墻為(wei)青(qing)磚砌(qi)成(cheng),內(nei)房(fang)(fang)眠墻亦為(wei)青(qing)磚砌(qi)成(cheng);屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)檁子均為(wei)粗大木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)構(gou)成(cheng);整個屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)鋪(pu)有(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)檁子。屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)則類(lei)似我國的(de)四(si)坡頂(ding),屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)陡(dou)峻;正大門(men)建(jian)有(you)(you)石(shi)級臺階(jie)(jie),臺階(jie)(jie)由四(si)個踏步構(gou)成(cheng),結構(gou)嚴謹(jin);自正大門(men)通(tong)道(dao)至二(er)(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)建(jian)有(you)(you)斜形筆直木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)梯,外(wai)側設(she)有(you)(you)高(gao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)護(hu)欄,上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)自如,設(she)計(ji)精美,上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)正中(zhong)(zhong)分別建(jian)有(you)(you)寬大通(tong)道(dao)。兩層(ceng)(ceng)回廊均為(wei)西(xi)式卷(juan)門(men)配(pei)以(yi)磚砌(qi)方柱(zhu),左右兩邊房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)都有(you)(you)壁爐,通(tong)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)專用(yong)煙囟解決取暖(nuan),門(men)窗高(gao)大,并大量使(shi)用(yong)玻璃,比較注(zhu)重通(tong)風(feng)(feng)和采(cai)光(guang),上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)兩層(ceng)(ceng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)板、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)梯以(yi)及地下(xia)(xia)(xia)架(jia)(jia)空層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)使(shi)用(yong),以(yi)解決隔潮,兩層(ceng)(ceng)天(tian)花板均采(cai)用(yong)泥(ni)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)條抹灰,木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)屋(wu)(wu)架(jia)(jia)用(yong)材(cai)碩大,并與我國傳統建(jian)筑的(de)屋(wu)(wu)架(jia)(jia)大異其趣,屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)類(lei)似我國的(de)四(si)坡頂(ding),但(dan)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)陡(dou)峻,西(xi)洋(yang)風(feng)(feng)格濃烈(lie)。中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)關房(fang)(fang)已(yi)于1992年城(cheng)陵磯擴建(jian)港區時拆毀。
岳州關是(shi)清(qing)政(zheng)府自鴉片戰爭門戶開放以來的(de)(de)一個自開口岸,是(shi)帝國(guo)主義(yi)列強對(dui)(dui)湖南進行(xing)(xing)經濟侵(qin)略的(de)(de)第(di)一個據點(dian)(dian),也是(shi)岳陽及湖湘對(dui)(dui)外開放的(de)(de)歷史(shi)見證(zheng),是(shi)進行(xing)(xing)愛(ai)國(guo)主義(yi)教育的(de)(de)極好場所,其西式建(jian)筑又是(shi)研究建(jian)筑發展史(shi)的(de)(de)寶貴實(shi)物資(zi)料。2002年被公(gong)布為(wei)省級(ji)文(wen)(wen)物保護單位。目(mu)前由國(guo)務院公(gong)布為(wei)第(di)七批全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)物保護單位。