岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)關(guan),又名城陵(ling)磯海關(guan),俗稱上洋關(guan),建于(yu)清光緒(xu)二十七年(1901),位于(yu)岳(yue)(yue)陽市岳(yue)(yue)陽樓區岳(yue)(yue)陽城陵(ling)磯客運碼頭(tou)東側的山丘上。
岳州關(guan)(guan)(guan)于光緒二十五年(nian)(1899)正式開關(guan)(guan)(guan),光緒二十七(qi)年(nian)(1901)三座關(guan)(guan)(guan)房(fang)及附屬(shu)建(jian)筑完工,這三棟英式二層(ceng)建(jian)筑呈“品”字形(xing)屹立(li)于湖畔山(shan)頭,分上(shang)、中(zhong)、下三館(guan)(guan)(guan),上(shang)為(wei)幫辦公館(guan)(guan)(guan),中(zhong)為(wei)辦公地點,下為(wei)稅務司公館(guan)(guan)(guan)。中(zhong)、下兩館(guan)(guan)(guan)由于歷史原因已被拆除,現僅存上(shang)館(guan)(guan)(guan),即(ji)上(shang)洋關(guan)(guan)(guan)。岳州關(guan)(guan)(guan)幫辦公館(guan)(guan)(guan)座東朝西,居(ju)山(shan)丘(qiu)之(zhi)巔,處江(jiang)湖交匯要沖(chong),地理位置十分優越,是對過往(wang)船(chuan)只進行(xing)監(jian)督和管理的(de)極好場所(suo)。
關(guan)房外(wai)形(xing)為(wei)二(er)(er)層(ceng)券廊西式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,主(zhu)要由(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、木(mu)(mu)和(he)石材(cai)(cai)混(hun)合結(jie)構,設計(ji)巧妙(miao),層(ceng)次(ci)分明,錯落有(you)致。上(shang)(shang)下兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)各有(you)大(da)小(xiao)房間(jian)數間(jian),四通(tong)八(ba)達,占地(di)面(mian)(mian)積415平方(fang)(fang)米。岳州(zhou)關(guan)為(wei)青(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)墻體,青(qing)瓦屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian),一樓(lou)(lou)(lou)地(di)板和(he)二(er)(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)板為(wei)木(mu)(mu)質構架(jia),上(shang)(shang)下板沿(yan)空,有(you)架(jia)空層(ceng),二(er)(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)筋均為(wei)木(mu)(mu)質,呈(cheng)(cheng)四方(fang)(fang)形(xing),一樓(lou)(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)筋亦為(wei)木(mu)(mu)質,呈(cheng)(cheng)圓形(xing);四周眠(mian)墻為(wei)青(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌成,內房眠(mian)墻亦為(wei)青(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌成;屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂檁子(zi)均為(wei)粗(cu)大(da)木(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)構成;整(zheng)個(ge)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂鋪有(you)木(mu)(mu)質檁子(zi)。屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)則(ze)類(lei)似(si)我(wo)國(guo)的四坡頂,屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)陡峻;正大(da)門建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)石級(ji)臺(tai)階,臺(tai)階由(you)四個(ge)踏步(bu)構成,結(jie)構嚴謹(jin);自正大(da)門通(tong)道至(zhi)二(er)(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)斜形(xing)筆(bi)直(zhi)木(mu)(mu)質樓(lou)(lou)(lou)梯,外(wai)側設有(you)高(gao)(gao)木(mu)(mu)質護欄,上(shang)(shang)下自如,設計(ji)精(jing)美(mei),上(shang)(shang)下層(ceng)正中(zhong)分別建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)寬(kuan)大(da)通(tong)道。兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)回廊均為(wei)西式卷門配(pei)以磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌方(fang)(fang)柱,左右兩(liang)(liang)邊房中(zhong)都有(you)壁爐,通(tong)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂專用(yong)煙囟解決取暖(nuan),門窗高(gao)(gao)大(da),并(bing)大(da)量使用(yong)玻璃,比較注重通(tong)風(feng)和(he)采光,上(shang)(shang)下兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)木(mu)(mu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)板、木(mu)(mu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)梯以及(ji)地(di)下架(jia)空層(ceng)的使用(yong),以解決隔(ge)潮(chao),兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)天花板均采用(yong)泥木(mu)(mu)條抹灰(hui),木(mu)(mu)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)架(jia)用(yong)材(cai)(cai)碩大(da),并(bing)與我(wo)國(guo)傳統建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)架(jia)大(da)異其趣,屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)類(lei)似(si)我(wo)國(guo)的四坡頂,但屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)陡峻,西洋風(feng)格濃烈。中(zhong)下關(guan)房已于(yu)1992年城陵磯擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)港區時拆毀。
岳(yue)州關是清政府自鴉片戰爭門戶(hu)開(kai)放以來的一個自開(kai)口岸,是帝國主義(yi)列(lie)強對(dui)湖(hu)南進行(xing)經濟侵略的第(di)一個據點,也(ye)是岳(yue)陽(yang)及湖(hu)湘(xiang)對(dui)外開(kai)放的歷史見證(zheng),是進行(xing)愛國主義(yi)教育的極好場所,其西(xi)式(shi)建筑(zhu)又是研究建筑(zhu)發展史的寶貴實物資料。2002年被(bei)公(gong)布(bu)為省級(ji)文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。目前由國務院公(gong)布(bu)為第(di)七批(pi)全國重點文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。