由來
惠(hui)山(shan)泉為(wei)唐(tang)大(da)歷(li)元年至十二年(766-777)無錫令敬澄所開(kai)鑿。惠(hui)山(shan)的得名是因為(wei)古代(dai)西域和尚慧照曾(ceng)在(zai)(zai)附近(jin)結(jie)廬(lu)修(xiu)行,古代(dai)"慧"、"惠(hui)"二字通(tong)用,便(bian)稱惠(hui)山(shan)。惠(hui)山(shan)泉水(shui)源于(yu)若(ruo)冰洞,呈伏流(liu)而出成(cheng)泉。泉池(chi)(chi)先圍(wei)砌成(cheng)上(shang)、中兩池(chi)(chi)。上(shang)池(chi)(chi)呈八(ba)角形,由八(ba)根小巧的方(fang)柱嵌(qian)八(ba)塊條石(shi)以為(wei)欄(lan),池(chi)(chi)深(shen)三(san)尺余。池(chi)(chi)中泉水(shui)水(shui)質很好,水(shui)色透明,甘冽可口。中池(chi)(chi)緊挨(ai)上(shang)池(chi)(chi),呈四(si)方(fang)形,水(shui)體清(qing)淡,別(bie)有(you)風味。至宋(song)代(dai),又在(zai)(zai)下方(fang)開(kai)一(yi)大(da)池(chi)(chi),呈長方(fang)形,實為(wei)魚池(chi)(chi)。明代(dai)雕(diao)刻(ke)家楊理特在(zai)(zai)下池(chi)(chi)池(chi)(chi)壁雕(diao)刻(ke)了一(yi)具螭首,這螭首似龍(long)非龍(long),俗稱石(shi)龍(long)頭,中池(chi)(chi)泉水(shui)則通(tong)過石(shi)龍(long)頭下注(zhu)到大(da)池(chi)(chi)之中,終年噴涌不息。池(chi)(chi)前建有(you)供茶人品茗的漪瀾堂(tang),蘇東(dong)坡曾(ceng)在(zai)(zai)此賦詩曰:"還將(jiang)塵(chen)土足,一(yi)步(bu)漪瀾堂(tang)。"
相(xiang)傳(chuan)唐代陸(lu)羽評(ping)定了(le)(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)水品二(er)十等(deng),惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)被列(lie)為天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)第(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。隨后(hou),劉伯芻、張又新等(deng)唐代著名茶(cha)(cha)人(ren)又均推惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)為天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)第(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),所以人(ren)們(men)也稱它為二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。中唐時期詩人(ren)李紳(shen)曾贊揚道:"惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)書(shu)堂前,松(song)竹之(zhi)下(xia),有(you)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)甘爽,乃人(ren)間靈液(ye),清鑒肌骨。漱開(kai)神慮,茶(cha)(cha)得此(ci)水,皆(jie)盡芳味也。"宋(song)徽(hui)宗時,此(ci)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水成為宮廷(ting)貢(gong)品。元代翰林(lin)學士、大(da)書(shu)法家(jia)趙(zhao)孟頫(fu)專為惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)書(shu)寫(xie)了(le)(le)(le)"天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)第(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)"五(wu)個(ge)大(da)字,至今仍完(wan)好(hao)地保存在泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)亭后(hou)壁上。當時,趙(zhao)孟頫(fu)還吟了(le)(le)(le)一首(shou)詠此(ci)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的詩:"南朝(chao)古寺惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),裹名來尋(xun)第(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),貪戀君恩(en)當北去,野花啼鳥(niao)漫留連。"
歷史
惠(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)名重(zhong)天下,四(si)方(fang)茶(cha)客們不遠千里(li)前來汲取二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水,達(da)官貴人(ren)更是聞(wen)名而至(zhi)。唐武宗時(shi),宰相李德裕嗜飲二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水,便責令地方(fang)官派人(ren)通過"遞鋪"(類似驛站的專門運輸機(ji)構(gou)),把(ba)(ba)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水送到三(san)千里(li)之(zhi)遙的長安,供他煎茗。宋代(dai)蘇東坡深通"泉(quan)(quan)(quan)美茶(cha)香異"之(zhi)理,他于熙(xi)寧年間,"獨(du)攜天上(shang)小團月(yue),來試人(ren)間第二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)"。他品(pin)飲之(zhi)后(hou),連聲贊妙,并把(ba)(ba)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水比作乳水,告訴人(ren)們說"乳水君(jun)當饗惠(hui)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)"。南(nan)(nan)宋第一(yi)位皇帝趙構(gou),在金軍追擊下被迫(po)南(nan)(nan)逃途經無錫(xi)時(shi),仍有(you)雅興"幸"惠(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)品(pin)茗。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)旁的二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)亭(ting),就是當年地方(fang)官吏為迎接趙構(gou)所建。
北宋時(shi),京(jing)城一些顯貴和名士也(ye)(ye)常常不(bu)惜千里(li)之遙,以(yi)舟車載(zai)運(yun)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)至開封。為(wei)了防(fang)止長途跋涉,水(shui)(shui)(shui)味變質,人(ren)(ren)們在實踐中(zhong)摸索出"折(zhe)洗惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)"的(de)辦法。據(ju)(ju)周輝《清波雜志》第四卷記(ji)載(zai),惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)運(yun)到(dao)(dao)汴州后,用(yong)(yong)細(xi)沙淋(lin)(lin)過(guo),便像新汲的(de)一樣,號稱折(zhe)洗惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)。用(yong)(yong)細(xi)沙淋(lin)(lin)過(guo),也(ye)(ye)就是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)細(xi)沙將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)過(guo)濾一下,去掉其塵污雜味。惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)當時(shi)人(ren)(ren)們相(xiang)互饋贈(zeng)的(de)禮品(pin)。大(da)(da)文學家(jia)歐陽(yang)修曾(ceng)以(yi)18年之功撰《集古錄(lu)》十卷,請(qing)他的(de)好(hao)友、大(da)(da)書法家(jia)、茶藝大(da)(da)學者(zhe)蔡襄寫序,歐陽(yang)修稱此(ci)篇序文"字尤精(jing)勁(jing),為(wei)世所(suo)珍"。為(wei)了酬謝蔡襄,他精(jing)心準備了4件禮品(pin),一為(wei)鼠須栗(li)毛(mao)筆(bi),一為(wei)銅淥筆(bi)格(ge),一為(wei)大(da)(da)小(xiao)龍團(tuan)茶,另一件就是(shi)(shi)一瓶惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),算作潤筆(bi)。到(dao)(dao)明(ming)代(dai),講(jiang)究品(pin)茶的(de)人(ren)(ren)們慕惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)之名,但外地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)畢竟不(bu)易得(de)到(dao)(dao)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),于是(shi)(shi)只好(hao)自制(zhi)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),以(yi)代(dai)替真惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。明(ming)代(dai)朱國禎記(ji)述此(ci)辦法是(shi)(shi):先(xian)把(ba)(ba)一般的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煮開,放到(dao)(dao)大(da)(da)缸(gang)內,把(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)缸(gang)放置在庭院中(zhong)曬不(bu)到(dao)(dao)太陽(yang)的(de)背陰(yin)地(di)(di)方,待到(dao)(dao)月色皎潔的(de)晚(wan)上,打(da)開缸(gang)蓋,以(yi)便承受(shou)夜(ye)間露水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)滋潤,經過(guo)如此(ci)三個夜(ye)晚(wan),再(zai)用(yong)(yong)瓢輕輕地(di)(di)將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)舀到(dao)(dao)瓷壇中(zhong)。據(ju)(ju)說用(yong)(yong)這種水(shui)(shui)(shui)"烹(peng)茶,與(yu)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)無異"(《涌(yong)幢小(xiao)品(pin)》),因此(ci),用(yong)(yong)此(ci)法制(zhi)成的(de)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)叫做"自制(zhi)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)"。
地理位置
無錫(xi)位(wei)于江蘇省(sheng)南(nan)部,南(nan)臨(lin)太湖,西(xi)(xi)依惠山(shan)(shan),京(jing)杭運河縱貫南(nan)北,京(jing)滬鐵(tie)路(lu)橫臥東(dong)西(xi)(xi),交通便利,物(wu)產豐富,山(shan)(shan)明水秀,是我國著(zhu)名的(de)“魚(yu)米之鄉”。位(wei)于該市西(xi)(xi)部高329米的(de)惠山(shan)(shan),綿延20公里,其九峰如九條(tiao)頑(wan)皮(pi)的(de)蒼(cang)龍,擠(ji)在(zai)一起,頭東(dong)尾(wei)西(xi)(xi),淹沒于太湖之中。“挹九峰之蒼(cang)翠,瞰太湖之波(bo)濤”。山(shan)(shan)間古木參天(tian),幽谷清靜,自古以來,吸(xi)引了許多文(wen)人(ren)墨客(ke),是著(zhu)名的(de)錫(xi)惠風景游(you)覽(lan)勝地。
惠山(shan)多清泉(quan),歷史上冰有“九龍十(shi)三泉(quan)”之(zhi)說。位(wei)于(yu)惠山(shan)寺附近的(de)惠山(shan)泉(quan)原(yuan)名漪瀾泉(quan),相傳(chuan)它是唐朝大歷末(mo)年(公元779年),由元錫(xi)縣(xian)令警(jing)澄(cheng)派人(ren)(ren)開鑿的(de)。共兩池(chi),上池(chi)圓,水(shui)(shui)色(se)澄(cheng)碧,飲料都在這里汲取;下池(chi)方,雖一(yi)脈相通(tong),但(dan)水(shui)(shui)質不加(jia)上池(chi)清澈(che)。唐朝陸羽在他著的(de)《茶(cha)(cha)經》中排列名泉(quan)20處,無錫(xi)惠山(shan)泉(quan)位(wei)居第(di)(di)二。另一(yi)位(wei)評水(shui)(shui)大家劉伯芻認為:“透宜于(yu)煮茶(cha)(cha)的(de)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)有七眼,惠山(shan)泉(quan)是第(di)(di)二”。此后“天下第(di)(di)二泉(quan)”之(zhi)名為歷代文人(ren)(ren)名流所(suo)公認。宋代詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)蘇軾曾兩次游無錫(xi)品惠山(shan)泉(quan),留下了“獨攜天上小團月,來試人(ren)(ren)間第(di)(di)二泉(quan)”的(de)吟唱,更使(shi)惠山(shan)泉(quan)生(sheng)輝。
惠山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)名不(bu)虛傳,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)無色(se)透(tou)明,含礦物質(zhi)(zhi)少,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)優良,甘美適口,系泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)佼佼者。其原因是由(you)于惠山奪石(shi)(shi)地(di)層(ceng)為烏桐(tong)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂岸村下水(shui)(shui)(shui)從地(di)層(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)涌向(xiang)地(di)面時(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)雜質(zhi)(zhi)多數已在滲濾過程中(zhong)(zhong)除去(qu)。相傳唐(tang)武宗時(shi),宰相李德裕很愛惠山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),曾令地(di)方官使用(yong)壇封裝,馳馬傳遞數千(qian)里(li),從江蘇運到陜西,供他煎茶(cha)。因此(ci)唐(tang)朝詩人(ren)皮日休曾將(jiang)此(ci)事和楊(yang)貴(gui)妃驛遞荔枝之(zhi)事相比聯,作詩譏諷:“丞相常(chang)思煮茗時(shi),郡(jun)侯(hou)催(cui)發只(zhi)嫌遲;吳國去(qu)國三千(qian)里(li),莫筆楊(yang)妃愛荔枝。”到了宋(song)(song)朝,二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的聲(sheng)譽更高。蘇東坡向(xiang)人(ren)推薦(jian):“雪芽為我求陽羨(xian),乳(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)君應餉惠泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。”據(ju)宋(song)(song)張邦基《墨莊漫(man)錄》所載:“無錦惠山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),久留不(bu)敗,政和甲午(wu)歲(公元1114年)趙(zhao)霆(ting)始貢水(shui)(shui)(shui)于上方,月進(jin)百樽。”二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)度成(cheng)為進(jin)獻給皇帝的貢品。宋(song)(song)高宗兵敗南(nan)(nan)渡時(shi),也(ye)不(bu)忘飲用(yong)二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)著(zhu)(zhu)名詩人(ren)楊(yang)萬(wan)里(li)在詩中(zhong)(zhong)稱贊二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan):“惠泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)遂名陸(lu)子泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與陸(lu)子名俱佳。一(yi)瓣佛香炷遺像,幾個衲子拜茶(cha)忙(mang)……”。惠山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)自泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)雕的“龍頭”(螭(chi)首)中(zhong)(zhong)流出,叮(ding)咚作響,清(qing)脆悅耳(er)。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)畔建(jian)有“二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)亭”,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)池(chi)旁的大(da)石(shi)(shi)上,鐫刻著(zhu)(zhu)“天下第二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”五(wu)個大(da)字,是元代著(zhu)(zhu)名書法(fa)家趙(zhao)孟頫(趙(zhao)子昂)所題。趙(zhao)在題字之(zhi)余(yu),還題詩一(yi)首:“南(nan)(nan)朝古(gu)寺惠山前,裹名來尋第二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。貪戀(lian)君思當北(bei)去(qu),野(ye)花啼鳥漫(man)留連。”
明朝,二泉更成了詩人墨客(ke)、達(da)官貴人品茗(ming)游玩,題詠不絕的地方。特(te)別(bie)是明初聽松庵的高僧性海,請湖州(zhou)竹(zhu)工做了個天圓地方,形成乾坤壺的竹(zhu)爐,以二泉水煮茗(ming)待客(ke)。著名畫家王紱(fu)于(yu)洪武廿八年(公(gong)元1395年)為竹(zhu)爐作畫,并有詩云(yun):“寒齋(zhai)夜不眠,淪(lun)茗(ming)坐(zuo)爐邊;伙(huo)火煨山栗,敲(qiao)冰汲澗(jian)泉,瓦鐺翻白云(yun),竹(zhu)牖出青煙(yan);一啜鳳生腑,俄警骨已仙(xian)!”足見其傾倒(dao)之情(qing)。著名畫家文徵明,在(zai)明正(zheng)德十(shi)三年(公(gong)元1518年)二月十(shi)九日清明節,
與友人(ren)茶會于惠(hui)山,興會所致揮毫作了《惠(hui)山茶會圖》,設色紙本,再(zai)現了詩人(ren)、畫家竹(zhu)爐煮茗,茅亭(ting)小憩的(de)情景,這一珍(zhen)貴畫卷(juan),珍(zhen)藏故宮博(bo)物院。
水質
惠山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為山水(shui)(shui)(shui),即通(tong)過(guo)(guo)巖層(ceng)裂隙過(guo)(guo)濾了(le)流淌的地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui),因此其含(han)雜質極微,"味甘"而"質輕",宜(yi)以"煎茶為上"。清乾隆皇帝計量各地(di)名(ming)泉(quan),量得惠山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為每量斗重一(yi)兩零四厘,僅(jin)比北京玉泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稍重略(lve)微。近年來經(jing)多次化(hua)驗(yan),知惠山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)所含(han)礦物(wu)質有(you)鈣、鎂(mei)、碳酸鹽等及(ji)微量氡氣,表面張力大,水(shui)(shui)(shui)高出杯口數毫米而不溢,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清澈透(tou)明而無(wu)任(ren)何(he)有(you)害物(wu)質,與世界衛生組織(zhi)及(ji)美、日(ri)等國家的飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質相比較(jiao),確(que)系當今世界飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)中之(zhi)佼佼者(zhe)。
“異”與“癖”
由于惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)水"上好",所以古(gu)代許多茶葉專(zhuan)家紛(fen)紛(fen)前來品嘗研(yan)討。華淑在《二泉(quan)(quan)記略》中就總(zong)(zong)結(jie)了(le)惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)的"三(san)異(yi)"與"三(san)癖(pi)(pi)(pi)":"泉(quan)(quan)有三(san)異(yi),兩池共亭,圓池甘美,絕異(yi)方池,一(yi)異(yi)也(ye);一(yi)鏡澄澈(che),旱潦自如,二異(yi)也(ye);澗泉(quan)(quan)清(qing)寒,多至伐性(xing),此則甘芳溫潤,大(da)益靈府,三(san)異(yi)也(ye)。更有三(san)癖(pi)(pi)(pi),沸須瓦(wa)缶炭火,次銅錫(xi)器(qi),若入鍋熾薪,便不堪啜,一(yi)癖(pi)(pi)(pi);酒鄉茗(ming)碗,為功斯(si)大(da),以炊飲作糜,反(fan)遜(xun)井(jing)泉(quan)(quan),二癖(pi)(pi)(pi)也(ye);木器(qi)止用(yong)暫(zan)汲,經時則味敗,入盆(pen)盎久而不變,三(san)癖(pi)(pi)(pi)也(ye)。"這"三(san)異(yi)三(san)癖(pi)(pi)(pi)",實際上是具體細致地分析總(zong)(zong)結(jie)了(le)惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)水的特色(se)和煮茶的禁忌(ji)。
評價
歷代名流對惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)均(jun)有(you)很(hen)高(gao)評價,褒獎(jiang)惟恐(kong)不(bu)及(ji)。其中不(bu)乏為(wei)惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)屈居第(di)(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan)而鳴不(bu)平之(zhi)作。劉遠的(de)《惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)》有(you)一(yi)詩:"靈脈發山(shan)根,涓涓才一(yi)滴(di)。寶劍護深源(yuan),蒼珉環甃壁。鑒形須眉分,當暑挹寒冽。一(yi)酌舉(ju)瓢空,過齒如激雪。不(bu)異醴泉(quan)(quan)甘,宛(wan)同神瀵潔。快飲可洗(xi)胸,所(suo)惜姑濯熱(re)。品第(di)(di)冠(guan)寰中,名色(se)固已(yi)揭。世無(wu)陸子知(zhi),淄澠誰與別。"明(ming)代有(you)位(wei)鎮江知(zhi)府,盡管被譽為(wei)天(tian)下(xia)第(di)(di)一(yi)泉(quan)(quan)的(de)中泠泉(quan)(quan)就在他(ta)的(de)轄區之(zhi)內(nei),但他(ta)還是認為(wei)第(di)(di)一(yi)的(de)桂冠(guan)應(ying)該讓給惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)。詩人王(wang)世貞也吟出:"一(yi)勺(shao)清(qing)泠下(xia)九咽,分明(ming)仙(xian)掌露珠(zhu)圓;空勞陸羽(yu)輕題(ti)品,天(tian)下(xia)誰當第(di)(di)一(yi)泉(quan)(quan)?"公元1751年(nian),乾(qian)隆皇帝南(nan)巡,經(jing)無(wu)錫品嘗(chang)了(le)惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)后,援(yuan)筆題(ti)詩,內(nei)中也有(you)"中泠江眼固應(ying)讓"之(zhi)句,說(shuo)明(ming)惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水確實為(wei)天(tian)下(xia)稀珍(zhen)之(zhi)物(wu),宜茶之(zhi)水。
景觀
二(er)(er)泉亭(ting)上有景(jing)徽堂,在(zai)(zai)此可品嘗二(er)(er)泉水烹(peng)煮的香茗,并欣(xin)賞泉周圍的美妙景(jing)致。從二(er)(er)泉亭(ting)北上有竹爐山(shan)房、秋雨堂、隔(ge)紅塵(chen)廊、云起樓(lou)等(deng)古建(jian)筑。聽(ting)(ting)松堂也在(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)泉亭(ting)附近(jin)。亭(ting)內(nei)置(zhi)一古銅色巨石(shi)(shi),稱為石(shi)(shi)床,光(guang)可鑒人,可以偃臥。石(shi)(shi)床一端鐫刻"聽(ting)(ting)松"二(er)(er)字,為唐代書法家(jia)李陽冰所書。皮(pi)日休在(zai)(zai)此聽(ting)(ting)過松濤,留有詩(shi)句:"殿前日暮高風起,松子聲聲打石(shi)(shi)床。"從二(er)(er)泉亭(ting)登山(shan)可達惠(hui)山(shan)山(shan)頂,縱眺太湖風景(jing),歷(li)(li)歷(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)目。
藝術成果
惠山泉(quan)不僅水(shui)甘美、茶(cha)情佳,而且還孕育了一(yi)(yi)(yi)位我國(guo)優秀的(de)(de)民間藝(yi)術家(jia)阿(a)炳和蜚聲海內外的(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曲《二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)映(ying)月》。"甃石封苔百尺深(shen),試茶(cha)嘗味(wei)少知音(yin)。惟余半(ban)夜(ye)泉(quan)中(zhong)月,留照(zhao)先生一(yi)(yi)(yi)片心。"宋(song)代(dai)文(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)已經寫出(chu)了鐘情"半(ban)夜(ye)泉(quan)中(zhong)月"的(de)(de)詩句。到了清(qing)朝光(guang)緒年間,無錫雷遵殿道(dao)觀出(chu)了個小(xiao)道(dao)士(shi),名(ming)(ming)(ming)字(zi)叫阿(a)炳,原名(ming)(ming)(ming)華彥(yan)鈞(jun)。阿(a)炳青年時雙眼因目(mu)疾而先后(hou)(hou)失明。他從小(xiao)就酷愛音(yin)樂,在(zai)其父道(dao)士(shi)華清(qing)和的(de)(de)傳授(shou)下,二(er)(er)(er)胡(hu)(hu)演(yan)奏(zou)(zou)技藝(yi)漸臻(zhen)圓熟(shu)精深(shen),最(zui)后(hou)(hou)達(da)到深(shen)高造詣,以致(zhi)無錫的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們譽他為(wei)"小(xiao)天(tian)師"。他常在(zai)夜(ye)深(shen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)靜之時,摸到惠山泉(quan)畔,聆聽(ting)那丁(ding)冬泉(quan)聲,手掬清(qing)涼的(de)(de)泉(quan)水(shui),神接皎潔的(de)(de)月光(guang),幻想著(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)間能有自由幸(xing)福的(de)(de)生活。他用二(er)(er)(er)胡(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)音(yin)律抒發內心的(de)(de)憂(you)憤(fen)和人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)間的(de)(de)疾苦,祈盼光(guang)明幸(xing)福的(de)(de)降(jiang)臨,作(zuo)出(chu)了許多二(er)(er)(er)胡(hu)(hu)演(yan)奏(zou)(zou)曲,其中(zhong)以惠山泉(quan)為(wei)素材(cai)的(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曲《二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)映(ying)月》最(zui)膾炙人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口。此曲節奏(zou)(zou)明快鮮明,旋律清(qing)越動人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)孕育的(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曲《二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)映(ying)月》,它和名(ming)(ming)(ming)泉(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)清(qing)新流暢,發人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)幽思,催(cui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)奮(fen)進。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們為(wei)紀(ji)念這位著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)民間音(yin)樂藝(yi)術家(jia),1984年在(zai)二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)重建了華彥(yan)鈞(jun)之墓(mu)。 從二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)北上,還有清(qing)代(dai)竹爐山房、秋雨(yu)堂、云起樓等。秋雨(yu)堂結構精巧(qiao),陳設古(gu)雅,中(zhong)國(guo)電影(ying)《家(jia)》曾取景(jing)于此。聽(ting)松(song)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)也(ye)在(zai)二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)附近。亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)內有一(yi)(yi)(yi)方古(gu)銅(tong)色巨石,平坦光(guang)滑,可(ke)橫臥一(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),稱“石床”。一(yi)(yi)(yi)端鐫有“聽(ting)松(song)”二(er)(er)(er)字(zi),是中(zhong)國(guo)唐代(dai)書(shu)法家(jia)李(li)陽冰所(suo)書(shu)。