由來
惠(hui)山(shan)泉為唐大歷元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)至十二年(nian)(nian)(766-777)無錫令敬澄所開鑿(zao)。惠(hui)山(shan)的得名(ming)是因為古(gu)代(dai)西域和尚慧照曾在附近結(jie)廬(lu)修行(xing),古(gu)代(dai)"慧"、"惠(hui)"二字通用,便稱惠(hui)山(shan)。惠(hui)山(shan)泉水源于若(ruo)冰(bing)洞,呈伏流而(er)出成(cheng)泉。泉池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)先(xian)圍(wei)砌成(cheng)上、中(zhong)兩池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。上池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)呈八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing),由八(ba)根(gen)小巧的方柱嵌(qian)八(ba)塊條石(shi)以(yi)為欄,池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)深三尺余。池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)泉水水質很好,水色透明,甘冽可口。中(zhong)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)緊挨上池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),呈四方形(xing),水體清淡,別有(you)風味。至宋代(dai),又(you)在下方開一大池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),呈長方形(xing),實為魚池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。明代(dai)雕刻家楊理特(te)在下池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壁雕刻了一具螭首(shou),這螭首(shou)似龍非龍,俗(su)稱石(shi)龍頭,中(zhong)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)泉水則通過石(shi)龍頭下注到大池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之中(zhong),終年(nian)(nian)噴涌(yong)不息。池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)前建有(you)供茶(cha)人(ren)品茗的漪(yi)瀾(lan)堂,蘇(su)東坡曾在此賦詩曰(yue):"還將(jiang)塵(chen)土(tu)足,一步漪(yi)瀾(lan)堂。"
相傳(chuan)唐代陸羽評定(ding)了天(tian)下(xia)水品二(er)十等,惠(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)被列為(wei)(wei)天(tian)下(xia)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan)。隨后,劉(liu)伯芻、張又新等唐代著名(ming)茶人(ren)(ren)又均(jun)推惠(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)下(xia)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan),所以人(ren)(ren)們也稱它為(wei)(wei)二(er)泉(quan)(quan)。中唐時期詩人(ren)(ren)李紳曾贊揚(yang)道:"惠(hui)山書堂前,松竹之(zhi)下(xia),有泉(quan)(quan)甘爽,乃(nai)人(ren)(ren)間靈液,清(qing)鑒肌骨(gu)。漱開(kai)神慮,茶得(de)此(ci)水,皆盡芳味也。"宋徽宗時,此(ci)泉(quan)(quan)水成為(wei)(wei)宮廷(ting)貢品。元代翰(han)林學士、大書法(fa)家(jia)趙(zhao)孟(meng)頫(fu)專為(wei)(wei)惠(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)書寫了"天(tian)下(xia)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan)"五個大字,至今仍完好地保存在泉(quan)(quan)亭后壁上。當(dang)(dang)時,趙(zhao)孟(meng)頫(fu)還吟(yin)了一首(shou)詠此(ci)泉(quan)(quan)的詩:"南朝(chao)古寺惠(hui)山泉(quan)(quan),裹名(ming)來尋第(di)(di)(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan),貪戀君恩當(dang)(dang)北(bei)去,野花啼鳥(niao)漫留連(lian)。"
歷史
惠(hui)山泉(quan)名(ming)重天(tian)下,四方茶客(ke)們不遠千里(li)前來汲(ji)取二泉(quan)水,達官(guan)(guan)貴人(ren)更是(shi)聞名(ming)而至。唐(tang)武宗時,宰相(xiang)李德裕(yu)嗜飲(yin)二泉(quan)水,便責(ze)令地(di)方官(guan)(guan)派(pai)人(ren)通過"遞鋪"(類似驛(yi)站(zhan)的專(zhuan)門運輸機構(gou)),把泉(quan)水送到三千里(li)之(zhi)遙的長安,供他煎茗。宋(song)代(dai)蘇東坡深通"泉(quan)美茶香異"之(zhi)理,他于熙寧(ning)年間,"獨攜天(tian)上小團月(yue),來試人(ren)間第(di)二泉(quan)"。他品飲(yin)之(zhi)后,連聲贊妙(miao),并把泉(quan)水比作乳水,告訴(su)人(ren)們說(shuo)"乳水君當饗惠(hui)泉(quan)"。南宋(song)第(di)一位皇帝(di)趙構(gou),在金軍追擊下被迫南逃途經無錫時,仍(reng)有雅興"幸"惠(hui)山泉(quan)品茗。泉(quan)旁的二泉(quan)亭,就是(shi)當年地(di)方官(guan)(guan)吏為迎接(jie)趙構(gou)所(suo)建(jian)。
北宋時,京城(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)顯貴和名(ming)士也常常不(bu)惜千(qian)里之(zhi)遙(yao),以(yi)(yi)舟車載運惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)至(zhi)開(kai)封。為(wei)(wei)了防止長途跋涉,水(shui)(shui)(shui)味(wei)(wei)變(bian)質(zhi),人(ren)(ren)們(men)在(zai)實踐中摸(mo)索出(chu)"折(zhe)洗惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)"的(de)辦法。據(ju)周輝《清波雜(za)志》第四卷記載,惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)運到汴州后,用(yong)細沙(sha)淋過,便像(xiang)新汲的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang),號(hao)稱折(zhe)洗惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)。用(yong)細沙(sha)淋過,也就是用(yong)細沙(sha)將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)過濾一(yi)(yi)(yi)下,去掉其塵污雜(za)味(wei)(wei)。惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)也是當(dang)時人(ren)(ren)們(men)相互饋贈(zeng)的(de)禮(li)(li)品。大文(wen)學(xue)家(jia)歐陽(yang)修曾以(yi)(yi)18年之(zhi)功撰《集古錄》十卷,請他的(de)好友、大書(shu)法家(jia)、茶藝大學(xue)者蔡(cai)襄寫序(xu),歐陽(yang)修稱此(ci)篇序(xu)文(wen)"字尤精勁,為(wei)(wei)世所珍(zhen)"。為(wei)(wei)了酬(chou)謝蔡(cai)襄,他精心準備(bei)了4件(jian)禮(li)(li)品,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)鼠(shu)須(xu)栗毛筆(bi)(bi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)銅淥筆(bi)(bi)格,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)大小龍(long)團茶,另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)就是一(yi)(yi)(yi)瓶惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),算(suan)作潤筆(bi)(bi)。到明代,講究品茶的(de)人(ren)(ren)們(men)慕惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)名(ming),但外地人(ren)(ren)畢竟不(bu)易得到惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),于是只好自(zi)制(zhi)惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),以(yi)(yi)代替真(zhen)惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。明代朱(zhu)國禎記述此(ci)辦法是:先把(ba)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煮開(kai),放到大缸(gang)內(nei),把(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)缸(gang)放置在(zai)庭院中曬不(bu)到太(tai)陽(yang)的(de)背陰地方,待(dai)到月色皎潔的(de)晚(wan)上,打開(kai)缸(gang)蓋(gai),以(yi)(yi)便承受夜(ye)間露水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)滋(zi)潤,經過如此(ci)三個夜(ye)晚(wan),再用(yong)瓢(piao)輕輕地將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)舀到瓷壇(tan)中。據(ju)說用(yong)這種(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)"烹(peng)茶,與惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)無異"(《涌(yong)幢小品》),因此(ci),用(yong)此(ci)法制(zhi)成的(de)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)叫做(zuo)"自(zi)制(zhi)惠(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)"。
地理位置
無錫位(wei)于江蘇省南(nan)部,南(nan)臨太(tai)湖,西(xi)依惠(hui)山(shan),京杭運河縱貫南(nan)北,京滬鐵路橫臥東西(xi),交通便利,物產豐富(fu),山(shan)明(ming)水秀,是我(wo)國著名的(de)“魚米(mi)(mi)之鄉”。位(wei)于該市西(xi)部高329米(mi)(mi)的(de)惠(hui)山(shan),綿延(yan)20公里,其九峰如九條(tiao)頑皮(pi)的(de)蒼(cang)龍,擠在一起(qi),頭(tou)東尾(wei)西(xi),淹沒于太(tai)湖之中。“挹九峰之蒼(cang)翠,瞰太(tai)湖之波(bo)濤”。山(shan)間古木參天,幽谷清靜,自古以來,吸引(yin)了(le)許多文人墨客(ke),是著名的(de)錫惠(hui)風景游覽勝地。
惠(hui)(hui)山多清(qing)泉(quan)(quan)(quan),歷史上(shang)冰(bing)有(you)“九龍(long)十三泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”之說。位(wei)于惠(hui)(hui)山寺(si)附(fu)近的(de)惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)漪瀾泉(quan)(quan)(quan),相(xiang)傳它是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)朝(chao)(chao)大歷末年(公元779年),由(you)元錫(xi)縣令警(jing)澄派人開鑿的(de)。共(gong)兩(liang)(liang)池(chi),上(shang)池(chi)圓(yuan),水(shui)色澄碧,飲料都在這里汲取;下池(chi)方,雖一(yi)脈相(xiang)通,但水(shui)質不(bu)加上(shang)池(chi)清(qing)澈(che)。唐(tang)(tang)朝(chao)(chao)陸羽在他(ta)著(zhu)的(de)《茶經》中排列名(ming)(ming)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)20處,無錫(xi)惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)位(wei)居第(di)二(er)(er)。另一(yi)位(wei)評水(shui)大家劉伯芻認為:“透宜于煮茶的(de)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)有(you)七眼,惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)是(shi)第(di)二(er)(er)”。此后“天下第(di)二(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”之名(ming)(ming)為歷代文人名(ming)(ming)流所公認。宋代詩(shi)人蘇軾曾兩(liang)(liang)次游無錫(xi)品惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)(quan),留下了“獨攜(xie)天上(shang)小團(tuan)月(yue),來(lai)試人間(jian)第(di)二(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”的(de)吟唱,更使惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)生輝。
惠山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)名(ming)不虛傳,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)無(wu)色透明,含礦物質少,水(shui)質優良,甘美適口,系泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)之佼佼者。其原因(yin)(yin)是由于(yu)惠山(shan)(shan)奪石地(di)(di)層為(wei)烏桐石英砂岸村(cun)下(xia)水(shui)從地(di)(di)層中(zhong)涌向(xiang)地(di)(di)面時(shi),水(shui)中(zhong)雜質多(duo)數(shu)已在滲濾過程(cheng)中(zhong)除去。相傳唐武宗時(shi),宰(zai)相李德裕(yu)很(hen)愛(ai)惠山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui),曾令地(di)(di)方(fang)官使用壇封(feng)裝,馳(chi)馬傳遞數(shu)千(qian)里(li),從江(jiang)蘇運(yun)到陜西,供他煎(jian)茶(cha)(cha)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)唐朝詩(shi)人(ren)皮日休曾將此(ci)事和楊貴妃(fei)驛遞荔(li)枝(zhi)之事相比聯,作詩(shi)譏諷:“丞相常思煮茗時(shi),郡侯催(cui)發只嫌遲;吳國去國三千(qian)里(li),莫筆楊妃(fei)愛(ai)荔(li)枝(zhi)。”到了(le)宋朝,二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)的(de)聲譽(yu)更高。蘇東坡向(xiang)人(ren)推(tui)薦:“雪芽為(wei)我求陽羨,乳(ru)水(shui)君應餉(xiang)惠泉(quan)(quan)(quan)。”據宋張邦基(ji)《墨莊(zhuang)漫錄》所(suo)載:“無(wu)錦惠山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui),久留不敗(bai),政和甲(jia)午歲(sui)(公元1114年)趙霆始(shi)貢水(shui)于(yu)上方(fang),月進百樽。”二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)一(yi)度成(cheng)為(wei)進獻(xian)給(gei)皇(huang)帝的(de)貢品(pin)。宋高宗兵(bing)敗(bai)南渡時(shi),也不忘(wang)飲用二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)。南宋著名(ming)詩(shi)人(ren)楊萬(wan)里(li)在詩(shi)中(zhong)稱贊二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan):“惠泉(quan)(quan)(quan)遂(sui)名(ming)陸(lu)子(zi)(zi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)與陸(lu)子(zi)(zi)名(ming)俱佳(jia)。一(yi)瓣佛(fo)香炷遺(yi)像(xiang),幾(ji)個衲子(zi)(zi)拜茶(cha)(cha)忙……”。惠山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)自泉(quan)(quan)(quan)壁(bi)石雕的(de)“龍頭(tou)”(螭(chi)首(shou))中(zhong)流(liu)出,叮咚作響,清脆(cui)悅耳。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)畔建有“二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)亭(ting)”,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)池(chi)旁的(de)大石上,鐫刻(ke)著“天下(xia)第二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”五個大字,是元代著名(ming)書法家趙孟頫(趙子(zi)(zi)昂)所(suo)題。趙在題字之余,還題詩(shi)一(yi)首(shou):“南朝古(gu)寺惠山(shan)(shan)前,裹名(ming)來尋第二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)。貪戀君思當北去,野(ye)花啼鳥漫留連。”
明(ming)朝,二泉(quan)更(geng)成了(le)詩人(ren)墨客、達官貴人(ren)品(pin)茗游玩,題(ti)詠不絕的(de)地方。特別是(shi)明(ming)初聽松庵的(de)高僧性海,請湖州(zhou)竹(zhu)工做了(le)個天圓地方,形成乾坤(kun)壺的(de)竹(zhu)爐,以二泉(quan)水煮茗待(dai)客。著名畫(hua)家(jia)王紱(fu)于洪武廿八年(公(gong)元(yuan)1395年)為竹(zhu)爐作畫(hua),并有詩云(yun):“寒(han)齋夜不眠,淪茗坐爐邊(bian);伙火煨(wei)山(shan)栗(li),敲冰汲澗(jian)泉(quan),瓦鐺(dang)翻(fan)白云(yun),竹(zhu)牖出青煙;一啜鳳生腑,俄(e)警骨已仙!”足(zu)見其傾倒之情。著名畫(hua)家(jia)文徵明(ming),在明(ming)正德十三年(公(gong)元(yuan)1518年)二月十九日清(qing)明(ming)節,
與(yu)友人茶會(hui)于惠山,興會(hui)所致揮毫(hao)作了《惠山茶會(hui)圖(tu)》,設色紙本,再現(xian)了詩人、畫家竹爐煮茗(ming),茅亭小憩的情景(jing),這一珍(zhen)貴(gui)畫卷,珍(zhen)藏故宮博(bo)物院。
水質
惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)為山水(shui)(shui),即通過(guo)巖層裂隙過(guo)濾了流淌的(de)地下水(shui)(shui),因(yin)此(ci)其含(han)雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極微,"味甘(gan)"而(er)"質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕",宜以(yi)"煎茶為上"。清(qing)乾隆皇帝計量(liang)(liang)各地名(ming)泉(quan),量(liang)(liang)得惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)為每(mei)量(liang)(liang)斗重(zhong)一兩零四厘,僅(jin)比(bi)北京(jing)玉泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)稍重(zhong)略微。近年(nian)來(lai)經多次化(hua)驗,知惠(hui)(hui)山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)所含(han)礦(kuang)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有鈣、鎂、碳酸鹽等及微量(liang)(liang)氡氣,表面張力大(da),水(shui)(shui)高(gao)出杯口(kou)數毫(hao)米而(er)不溢,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)澈透明而(er)無任(ren)何有害物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),與世(shi)界(jie)衛(wei)生(sheng)組織及美、日等國(guo)家的(de)飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相比(bi)較(jiao),確系(xi)當(dang)今(jin)世(shi)界(jie)飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)中之(zhi)佼(jiao)佼(jiao)者。
“異”與“癖”
由于惠(hui)山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)"上好",所以古代許(xu)多茶葉專家紛紛前(qian)來品(pin)嘗(chang)研討(tao)。華淑(shu)在《二(er)泉(quan)記(ji)略》中就總(zong)結了(le)惠(hui)山泉(quan)的(de)"三異(yi)(yi)"與"三癖(pi)":"泉(quan)有三異(yi)(yi),兩池(chi)(chi)共亭(ting),圓池(chi)(chi)甘美,絕(jue)異(yi)(yi)方池(chi)(chi),一異(yi)(yi)也;一鏡澄澈,旱潦自如,二(er)異(yi)(yi)也;澗泉(quan)清寒,多至伐(fa)性,此則甘芳溫潤,大益靈府(fu),三異(yi)(yi)也。更有三癖(pi),沸(fei)須(xu)瓦缶炭(tan)火,次銅錫器,若入(ru)鍋熾薪(xin),便(bian)不堪啜,一癖(pi);酒鄉茗碗(wan),為功斯大,以炊飲作糜,反遜(xun)井(jing)泉(quan),二(er)癖(pi)也;木器止用暫汲,經時(shi)則味敗,入(ru)盆盎久而不變(bian),三癖(pi)也。"這"三異(yi)(yi)三癖(pi)",實際上是具體細致地分析(xi)總(zong)結了(le)惠(hui)山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)的(de)特色(se)和煮(zhu)茶的(de)禁(jin)忌。
評價
歷代名(ming)流對(dui)惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)均(jun)有(you)很(hen)高評價,褒獎惟恐不(bu)(bu)及。其中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)乏為惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)屈居第(di)(di)(di)二(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)而鳴不(bu)(bu)平之(zhi)作。劉遠的(de)《惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)》有(you)一(yi)(yi)詩:"靈脈發山(shan)(shan)根,涓涓才一(yi)(yi)滴。寶(bao)劍護(hu)深源,蒼珉環甃壁。鑒形須眉分(fen),當(dang)暑挹寒冽。一(yi)(yi)酌舉瓢空(kong),過齒如激雪(xue)。不(bu)(bu)異醴泉(quan)(quan)(quan)甘,宛同神瀵潔。快飲可(ke)洗胸(xiong),所惜姑(gu)濯熱。品(pin)第(di)(di)(di)冠寰中(zhong),名(ming)色固已(yi)揭。世(shi)無(wu)陸子(zi)知,淄澠(min)誰與別。"明(ming)(ming)代有(you)位(wei)鎮江(jiang)知府,盡管被譽(yu)為天(tian)下第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)中(zhong)泠(ling)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)就在他(ta)(ta)的(de)轄區(qu)之(zhi)內,但他(ta)(ta)還是認(ren)為第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)的(de)桂冠應該讓給(gei)惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)。詩人王世(shi)貞也吟出:"一(yi)(yi)勺(shao)清泠(ling)下九咽,分(fen)明(ming)(ming)仙掌(zhang)露珠圓;空(kong)勞陸羽輕題(ti)品(pin),天(tian)下誰當(dang)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)?"公元(yuan)1751年,乾(qian)隆皇帝南巡,經(jing)無(wu)錫品(pin)嘗了惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)后(hou),援筆題(ti)詩,內中(zhong)也有(you)"中(zhong)泠(ling)江(jiang)眼固應讓"之(zhi)句,說明(ming)(ming)惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)確實為天(tian)下稀珍之(zhi)物,宜茶之(zhi)水(shui)(shui)。
景觀
二(er)泉亭上(shang)有景(jing)徽(hui)堂(tang)(tang),在(zai)此可(ke)品(pin)嘗二(er)泉水烹煮的香(xiang)茗,并欣賞泉周圍(wei)的美妙景(jing)致。從(cong)二(er)泉亭北上(shang)有竹爐(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)房、秋(qiu)雨堂(tang)(tang)、隔紅塵廊、云起(qi)樓(lou)等(deng)古建筑。聽松堂(tang)(tang)也在(zai)二(er)泉亭附近。亭內(nei)置一(yi)古銅色巨石(shi),稱為(wei)(wei)石(shi)床,光可(ke)鑒人,可(ke)以偃臥。石(shi)床一(yi)端鐫刻"聽松"二(er)字,為(wei)(wei)唐代書法家李陽冰所書。皮日休在(zai)此聽過松濤,留有詩(shi)句:"殿前日暮高風起(qi),松子(zi)聲(sheng)聲(sheng)打石(shi)床。"從(cong)二(er)泉亭登山(shan)(shan)(shan)可(ke)達惠山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂,縱眺太湖風景(jing),歷歷在(zai)目(mu)。
藝術成果
惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)不僅水甘美、茶(cha)情佳,而(er)且還孕育(yu)了一位(wei)我(wo)國優秀的(de)(de)(de)民間(jian)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)家(jia)阿(a)(a)炳和(he)蜚聲海內外的(de)(de)(de)名曲(qu)(qu)《二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)映(ying)月(yue)(yue)》。"甃(zhou)石封苔百尺(chi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),試茶(cha)嘗味少知音(yin)(yin)(yin)。惟(wei)余半夜泉(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)月(yue)(yue),留(liu)照先生(sheng)一片心。"宋代文人(ren)(ren)已經寫出了鐘情"半夜泉(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)月(yue)(yue)"的(de)(de)(de)詩句。到(dao)了清(qing)朝光(guang)緒年間(jian),無錫(xi)雷(lei)遵殿道觀(guan)出了個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)道士(shi),名字(zi)叫阿(a)(a)炳,原名華(hua)彥鈞(jun)。阿(a)(a)炳青年時(shi)雙(shuang)眼(yan)因目疾而(er)先后失明。他從(cong)小(xiao)(xiao)就酷愛音(yin)(yin)(yin)樂,在其父道士(shi)華(hua)清(qing)和(he)的(de)(de)(de)傳授下,二(er)(er)(er)胡演奏技藝(yi)(yi)漸臻圓熟精深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),最(zui)后達到(dao)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)高(gao)造詣,以致無錫(xi)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)們(men)譽他為"小(xiao)(xiao)天師"。他常在夜深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)人(ren)(ren)靜之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),摸到(dao)惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)畔,聆(ling)聽那丁冬泉(quan)(quan)(quan)聲,手掬清(qing)涼的(de)(de)(de)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水,神接皎潔的(de)(de)(de)月(yue)(yue)光(guang),幻(huan)想著人(ren)(ren)間(jian)能有(you)(you)自由幸(xing)福的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)。他用二(er)(er)(er)胡的(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)(yin)律抒發內心的(de)(de)(de)憂憤(fen)和(he)人(ren)(ren)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)疾苦,祈盼(pan)光(guang)明幸(xing)福的(de)(de)(de)降臨,作(zuo)出了許多二(er)(er)(er)胡演奏曲(qu)(qu),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以惠(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)為素材的(de)(de)(de)名曲(qu)(qu)《二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)映(ying)月(yue)(yue)》最(zui)膾炙(zhi)人(ren)(ren)口。此(ci)(ci)曲(qu)(qu)節奏明快鮮明,旋(xuan)律清(qing)越(yue)動人(ren)(ren)。二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)孕育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)名曲(qu)(qu)《二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)映(ying)月(yue)(yue)》,它和(he)名泉(quan)(quan)(quan)一樣清(qing)新流暢,發人(ren)(ren)幽思(si),催人(ren)(ren)奮進。人(ren)(ren)們(men)為紀念這位(wei)著名民間(jian)音(yin)(yin)(yin)樂藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)家(jia),1984年在二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)亭(ting)重建(jian)了華(hua)彥鈞(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)墓。 從(cong)二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)亭(ting)北上(shang),還有(you)(you)清(qing)代竹爐山(shan)(shan)房、秋雨(yu)堂、云起(qi)樓(lou)等。秋雨(yu)堂結構精巧(qiao),陳設古雅(ya),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國電影《家(jia)》曾取景于此(ci)(ci)。聽松亭(ting)也在二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)附近。亭(ting)內有(you)(you)一方古銅色巨石,平坦光(guang)滑(hua),可橫臥(wo)一人(ren)(ren),稱“石床”。一端鐫有(you)(you)“聽松”二(er)(er)(er)字(zi),是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國唐代書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)李陽冰所書(shu)。