建造歷史
唐陀羅尼經幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang),建于(yu)唐乾符三年(nian)(876)。高6.26米(mi), 底部直(zhi)徑(jing)1.48米(mi)。由幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)基(ji)、幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身、幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)頂(ding)三部分(fen)組(zu)成。幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)基(ji)為(wei)(wei)三組(zu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)束(shu)(shu)腰(yao)(yao)式基(ji)座,底部為(wei)(wei)束(shu)(shu)腰(yao)(yao)形(xing)(xing)須(xu)彌山(shan);中(zhong)間(jian)一(yi)組(zu)底座上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)滿(man)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)海(hai)水紋,八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)束(shu)(shu)腰(yao)(yao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)獅(shi)子四(si)(si)個,姿態各異,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)乘覆(fu)蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)托座;上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面一(yi)組(zu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)束(shu)(shu)腰(yao)(yao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面刻(ke)(ke)(ke)壺門(men)式龕八(ba)(ba)(ba)個,內雕(diao)(diao)佛(fo)像(xiang),結(jie)(jie)跏(jia)趺(fu)坐,其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)仰(yang)(yang)蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),仰(yang)(yang)蓮(lian)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)座,每面刻(ke)(ke)(ke)欄桿,轉角(jiao)處為(wei)(wei)蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)首(shou)望柱(zhu)。幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身立于(yu)欄桿石(shi)座之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),作(zuo)八(ba)(ba)(ba)棱形(xing)(xing)石(shi)柱(zhu),遍刻(ke)(ke)(ke)佛(fo)頂(ding)尊勝陀羅尼經,系白(bai)鹿(lu)山(shan)人李端符書(shu)。幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部為(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)寶蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)裝飾(shi)(shi),角(jiao)隅(yu)處均(jun)飾(shi)(shi)獅(shi)首(shou),口銜連(lian)珠狀瓔絡帶。寶蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置扁(bian)圓狀石(shi),四(si)(si)面刻(ke)(ke)(ke)寶相花(hua)圖案。其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)承托仰(yang)(yang)蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)發(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)個方形(xing)(xing)柱(zhu)洞,估計原有(you)(you)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)勾欄,現(xian)已全部散失(shi)。仰(yang)(yang)蓮(lian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)束(shu)(shu)腰(yao)(yao)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)壺門(men)式龕八(ba)(ba)(ba)個,內雕(diao)(diao)佛(fo)像(xiang),結(jie)(jie)跏(jia)趺(fu)坐,其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)寶蓋(gai)(gai)(gai),角(jiao)隅(yu)處雕(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)力(li)士頭(tou)像(xiang),分(fen)別淺(qian)雕(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)牛、羊、鹿(lu)角(jiao)和獠牙。寶蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置扁(bian)圓形(xing)(xing)石(shi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)瑞花(hua)圖案。幢(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)攢尖(jian)頂(ding),檐角(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)翹,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置扁(bian)圓形(xing)(xing)石(shi),未見紋飾(shi)(shi),最上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)寶珠。
宋(song)大白傘蓋神咒幢,建于北宋(song)熙(xi)寧三年(1070),由無錫縣萬(wan)壽鄉靜安里劉元規(gui)等建。高6.22米(mi),底(di)座直徑1.40米(mi)。其形(xing)制(zhi)和大小與唐陀羅尼經幢基本相同,幢身刻(ke)咒而不刻(ke)經,文字上(shang)下兩(liang)端刻(ke)三角形(xing)和折線紋組(zu)成的(de)邊飾。
唐宋石經幢(chuang)(chuang)歷經千(qian)年變遷,幢(chuang)(chuang)基最(zui)下部三層已湮埋(mai)于(yu)今地(di)(di)表下,地(di)(di)面部分也已殘(can)蝕(shi)傾斜。1998年11月,由南京博物院文物保(bao)護技術研究(jiu)所負責全(quan)面修復,將兩幢(chuang)(chuang)埋(mai)于(yu)地(di)(di)下的三層升(sheng)高至今地(di)(di) 面上,并采取扶正、補缺及(ji)防風(feng)化措(cuo)施(shi),重新恢復惠(hui)山寺(si)經幢(chuang)(chuang)原貌。
形態特征
惠山寺經(jing)幢是(shi)江南地區(qu)現存較為完整(zheng)的佛(fo)教石刻(ke)藝(yi)術遺(yi)物。幢身高大,形體華麗(li),雕刻(ke)精美,顯示出晚唐時代(dai)(dai)的雕刻(ke)藝(yi)術風格(ge)。為研究我國(guo)古代(dai)(dai)佛(fo)教藝(yi)術和無錫(xi)地方(fang)歷史,提(ti)供了珍貴的實(shi)物資(zi)料。