建造歷史
唐陀羅(luo)尼(ni)(ni)經幢(chuang)(chuang),建(jian)于(yu)(yu)唐乾符三年(876)。高6.26米, 底部(bu)直徑1.48米。由幢(chuang)(chuang)基(ji)、幢(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)、幢(chuang)(chuang)頂(ding)(ding)三部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)(zu)成。幢(chuang)(chuang)基(ji)為三組(zu)(zu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)束(shu)(shu)腰式基(ji)座(zuo),底部(bu)為束(shu)(shu)腰形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)須彌山;中間一(yi)(yi)組(zu)(zu)底座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)滿刻海水紋(wen)(wen),八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)束(shu)(shu)腰上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)浮雕(diao)(diao)獅子四個,姿態各異(yi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)乘(cheng)覆蓮(lian)(lian)瓣托座(zuo);上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)(zu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)束(shu)(shu)腰上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)刻壺門式龕八(ba)(ba)(ba)個,內雕(diao)(diao)佛像,結跏(jia)趺(fu)(fu)坐,其(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)瓣,仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)座(zuo),每(mei)面(mian)刻欄(lan)桿(gan),轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)(chu)為蓮(lian)(lian)瓣首望(wang)柱(zhu)(zhu)。幢(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)立(li)于(yu)(yu)欄(lan)桿(gan)石座(zuo)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),作八(ba)(ba)(ba)棱(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石柱(zhu)(zhu),遍刻佛頂(ding)(ding)尊勝(sheng)陀羅(luo)尼(ni)(ni)經,系白(bai)鹿山人李端(duan)符書。幢(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)為八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)寶蓋(gai)裝飾(shi),角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)隅(yu)處(chu)(chu)均(jun)飾(shi)獅首,口銜(xian)連(lian)珠(zhu)狀瓔絡帶。寶蓋(gai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置扁(bian)圓狀石,四面(mian)刻寶相花圖(tu)案。其(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)承托仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)瓣,蓮(lian)(lian)瓣上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)發現有八(ba)(ba)(ba)個方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)洞,估(gu)計原(yuan)有石雕(diao)(diao)勾欄(lan),現已全部(bu)散失(shi)。仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為束(shu)(shu)腰柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)刻壺門式龕八(ba)(ba)(ba)個,內雕(diao)(diao)佛像,結跏(jia)趺(fu)(fu)坐,其(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)寶蓋(gai),角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)隅(yu)處(chu)(chu)雕(diao)(diao)有力(li)士頭像,分(fen)別淺雕(diao)(diao)有牛(niu)、羊(yang)、鹿角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和獠牙。寶蓋(gai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置扁(bian)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)刻瑞(rui)花圖(tu)案。幢(chuang)(chuang)頂(ding)(ding)為八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)攢尖頂(ding)(ding),檐角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)翹,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置扁(bian)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石,未(wei)見紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi),最上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為寶珠(zhu)。
宋大白傘蓋神咒(zhou)幢(chuang),建(jian)于(yu)北宋熙寧三年(1070),由無(wu)錫縣萬壽鄉靜安里劉元規(gui)等建(jian)。高6.22米,底座(zuo)直徑1.40米。其形制和大小與(yu)唐陀羅(luo)尼經幢(chuang)基(ji)本相同,幢(chuang)身刻咒(zhou)而不(bu)刻經,文字上下(xia)兩端刻三角形和折線紋組(zu)成的(de)邊(bian)飾。
唐宋石(shi)經幢歷經千(qian)年(nian)(nian)變遷,幢基最(zui)下(xia)部三層已湮埋于(yu)今地表下(xia),地面部分也(ye)已殘蝕傾斜。1998年(nian)(nian)11月,由南京(jing)博物(wu)院文物(wu)保護(hu)技術(shu)研究所負責(ze)全面修復(fu),將兩(liang)幢埋于(yu)地下(xia)的三層升高至今地 面上,并采取扶正、補缺(que)及防風化措施,重新恢復(fu)惠(hui)山寺(si)經幢原(yuan)貌。
形態特征
惠山(shan)寺經幢(chuang)是江南地區現(xian)存較(jiao)為完整的佛(fo)教石刻藝術(shu)遺物(wu)。幢(chuang)身高大,形(xing)體華麗,雕刻精美,顯示出晚唐時代(dai)的雕刻藝術(shu)風格。為研究我國古代(dai)佛(fo)教藝術(shu)和(he)無錫地方歷史,提供了珍貴的實物(wu)資料(liao)。