建造歷史
唐(tang)陀羅(luo)尼經(jing)幢(chuang),建于唐(tang)乾符三年(876)。高6.26米, 底(di)部(bu)直(zhi)徑1.48米。由幢(chuang)基(ji)、幢(chuang)身、幢(chuang)頂三部(bu)分組(zu)成(cheng)。幢(chuang)基(ji)為三組(zu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)束腰式基(ji)座(zuo),底(di)部(bu)為束腰形(xing)(xing)須彌(mi)山;中間一組(zu)底(di)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)滿(man)刻(ke)(ke)海水紋,八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)束腰上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)浮雕(diao)(diao)獅子(zi)四(si)個,姿態(tai)各異,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)乘覆蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban)托(tuo)座(zuo);上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面一組(zu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)束腰上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面刻(ke)(ke)壺門式龕八(ba)(ba)(ba)個,內雕(diao)(diao)佛(fo)(fo)像,結跏(jia)趺(fu)坐,其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban),仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)座(zuo),每面刻(ke)(ke)欄(lan)桿,轉角(jiao)處為蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban)首(shou)望(wang)柱(zhu)。幢(chuang)身立(li)于欄(lan)桿石(shi)座(zuo)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),作八(ba)(ba)(ba)棱形(xing)(xing)石(shi)柱(zhu),遍(bian)刻(ke)(ke)佛(fo)(fo)頂尊(zun)勝陀羅(luo)尼經(jing),系(xi)白鹿(lu)山人李端符書。幢(chuang)身上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)為八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蓋裝(zhuang)飾,角(jiao)隅(yu)處均飾獅首(shou),口銜連珠(zhu)狀瓔絡帶(dai)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蓋上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置(zhi)扁圓狀石(shi),四(si)面刻(ke)(ke)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)相花(hua)圖案。其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)承托(tuo)仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban),蓮(lian)(lian)瓣(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)發現(xian)有(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)個方形(xing)(xing)柱(zhu)洞,估計原有(you)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)勾欄(lan),現(xian)已全部(bu)散失(shi)。仰(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為束腰柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)刻(ke)(ke)壺門式龕八(ba)(ba)(ba)個,內雕(diao)(diao)佛(fo)(fo)像,結跏(jia)趺(fu)坐,其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蓋,角(jiao)隅(yu)處雕(diao)(diao)有(you)力士(shi)頭像,分別淺雕(diao)(diao)有(you)牛、羊、鹿(lu)角(jiao)和獠牙。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蓋上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置(zhi)扁圓形(xing)(xing)石(shi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)刻(ke)(ke)瑞花(hua)圖案。幢(chuang)頂為八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)攢(zan)尖(jian)頂,檐角(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)翹,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置(zhi)扁圓形(xing)(xing)石(shi),未見紋飾,最上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為寶(bao)(bao)(bao)珠(zhu)。
宋大(da)白傘蓋神咒幢,建于北(bei)宋熙寧三年(1070),由(you)無錫縣萬(wan)壽鄉(xiang)靜安(an)里劉(liu)元(yuan)規等(deng)建。高6.22米,底座直徑(jing)1.40米。其形(xing)制和大(da)小(xiao)與唐陀羅尼經幢基本相同,幢身刻咒而不刻經,文(wen)字上下兩(liang)端(duan)刻三角形(xing)和折線紋組成的邊(bian)飾。
唐(tang)宋石經(jing)幢歷經(jing)千年變(bian)遷,幢基最下部三層已(yi)湮埋于(yu)(yu)今地表下,地面部分也已(yi)殘蝕(shi)傾斜。1998年11月,由南京博物(wu)院文物(wu)保(bao)護技(ji)術研究所(suo)負責(ze)全面修(xiu)復,將(jiang)兩幢埋于(yu)(yu)地下的三層升高至今地 面上,并采取(qu)扶正、補缺及防風(feng)化(hua)措施,重新(xin)恢復惠山寺經(jing)幢原貌。
形態特征
惠(hui)山寺經幢(chuang)是(shi)江南地區現存較為完整的(de)佛教(jiao)石刻(ke)(ke)藝術遺物(wu)(wu)。幢(chuang)身高(gao)大,形體華麗,雕刻(ke)(ke)精(jing)美,顯示出晚唐時代的(de)雕刻(ke)(ke)藝術風格。為研究我(wo)國古(gu)代佛教(jiao)藝術和(he)無錫地方(fang)歷史,提供了珍(zhen)貴的(de)實物(wu)(wu)資料。