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簡要介紹

新安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)，又名珠(zhu)桃(tao)、含(han)桃(tao)，具有早熟、高產、優質、色艷(yan)等(deng)特點。它先百果而熟，立(li)夏前后(hou)即可成(cheng)(cheng)熟上市；產量(liang)高，樹(shu)齡(ling)長，成(cheng)(cheng)樹(shu)每株產400公(gong)斤以上；果味酸甜可口(kou)，既能生(sheng)食，又可釀(niang)造，營(ying)養豐富，且有調(diao)中、益脾等(deng)醫療保健功能；果形(xing)珠(zhu)圓紅艷(yan)，有“如珠(zhu)未穿孔，似火不(bu)燒(shao)人”的美譽。洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)盆地四(si)周，溝(gou)壑(he)縱(zong)橫，清(qing)溪環繞，向(xiang)陽(yang)背風處最(zui)宜(yi)櫻(ying)桃(tao)生(sheng)長。洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)桃(tao)產量(liang)豐富，味道極佳。古人曾(ceng)贊曰：“雨飛新綠嫩，風動野花香(xiang)，赤玉妝盈(ying)村，紅珠(zhu)摘滿筐”。每年公(gong)歷四(si)月份，是洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)桃(tao)的上市季節。

特色

唐(tang)太宗《賦得櫻(ying)桃(tao)》詩云(yun)："華(hua)林(lin)滿芳(fang)景，洛陽(yang)(yang)遍陽(yang)(yang)春。朱顏含遠日，翠色(se)影長津。喬(qiao)柯囀嬌鳥，低(di)枝映(ying)美人。昔(xi)作園中實，今為席上珍。"洛陽(yang)(yang)櫻(ying)桃(tao)，個大(da)肉肥、色(se)紅潤、味甘(gan)美。洛陽(yang)(yang)櫻(ying)桃(tao)，歷史(shi)悠久，歷代人民都很重視(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)。秦漢(han)以(yi)來(lai)，又(you)(you)被移植在御道旁、皇宮內、花(hua)園中。北邙櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝，是洛陽(yang)(yang)櫻(ying)桃(tao)盛產之地。每當開花(hua)季節，又(you)(you)形成洛陽(yang)(yang)一大(da)景觀(guan)。

史料記載

古代不少人寫(xie)下了(le)(le)歌頌洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)櫻桃(tao)(tao)的名篇佳句。唐太宗《賦得(de)櫻桃(tao)(tao)》詩(shi)云(yun)："畢林(lin)滿芳(fang)景，洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)遍陽(yang)春(chun)。朱顏含遠(yuan)目，翠色(se)(se)影(ying)長(chang)(chang)津(jin)。喬(qiao)柯囀(zhuan)嬌身，低枝映美人。昔作園中實，今為(wei)席上珍。"清代洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)知縣龔松(song)林(lin)一(yi)次來到了(le)(le)櫻桃(tao)(tao)溝，感興而(er)作《訪櫻桃(tao)(tao)溝》一(yi)詩(shi)："為(wei)訪櫻桃(tao)(tao)溝，登臨向(xiang)北邙。雨(yu)飛新綠嫩，風動野花香(xiang)。赤玉妝盈村，紅珠(zhu)摘滿筐。衷(zhong)腸原自熱，那用大宮漿！"寫(xie)出了(le)(le)迷人的景色(se)(se)。人們常(chang)說：小曲好(hao)唱口戲開，櫻桃(tao)(tao)好(hao)吃樹難栽(zai)(zai)。要(yao)栽(zai)(zai)好(hao)櫻桃(tao)(tao)樹，除了(le)(le)栽(zai)(zai)培技術外，還要(yao)選(xuan)好(hao)地(di)方。櫻桃(tao)(tao)樹生長(chang)(chang)的環(huan)境要(yao)在(zai)向(xiang)陽(yang)背風、溝壑縱橫的地(di)方，櫻桃(tao)(tao)溝這種(zhong)環(huan)境正適合了(le)(le)櫻桃(tao)(tao)的生長(chang)(chang)。

洛陽櫻桃歷史

洛陽盆地四周(zhou)，溝(gou)壑(he)縱橫，清溪曲繞，向陽背風處最(zui)宜櫻(ying)桃(tao)生長，故(gu)歷代人民多(duo)有栽植。自秦漢以來(lai)，櫻(ying)桃(tao)又被(bei)移植到皇宮(gong)御園里和達官雅士的花(hua)園之中，使得櫻(ying)桃(tao)栽植較為廣泛(fan)。但(dan)象櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)村這(zhe)樣廣泛(fan)集(ji)中種植櫻(ying)桃(tao)的，鳳毛麟(lin)角。

洛(luo)陽櫻(ying)桃，個大肉厚，味純(chun)甘美，并有調中益脾、去寒(han)止泄的藥物作用，素有佳名(ming)。西周時代，國都(dou)在長(chang)安(an)，皇帝(di)春(chun)薦寢廟采用華山(shan)腳下上(shang)蘭(lan)出產(chan)的櫻(ying)桃。平王(wang)東遷(qian)洛(luo)陽后，派臣仆們(men)四(si)出尋工，最后選定邙山(shan)深處(chu)櫻(ying)桃溝(gou)所產(chan)的櫻(ying)桃為(wei)祭祀珍品(pin)。

據(ju)清(qing)《洛(luo)陽(yang)縣志》載(zai)：“櫻桃溝(gou)(gou)(gou)，一在(zai)縣東北五(wu)里瀍(chan)水東，名小溝(gou)(gou)(gou)；一在(zai)縣西北三十(shi)里，名大溝(gou)(gou)(gou)。……大溝(gou)(gou)(gou)尤佳，延十(shi)余里。”櫻桃溝(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)櫻桃不僅品種多，據(ju)周(zhou)師厚《洛(luo)陽(yang)花木記》載(zai)：有紫櫻、臘櫻、滑臺櫻、朱(zhu)皮櫻、旱櫻、吳櫻、甜果子(zi)、急溜子(zi)、千葉櫻等11種，而且紅亮耐看，特別惹人(ren)喜愛。

春天一(yi)到，櫻桃溝(gou)里溝(gou)溝(gou)岔岔，開(kai)滿(man)(man)一(yi)簇簇潔白(bai)的櫻花(hua)(hua)，迎風(feng)搖曳，鮮(xian)艷嬌麗，馥郁(yu)的芳香撲面而來。幾天工夫，萬樹銀花(hua)(hua)突然變成了滿(man)(man)溝(gou)金果(guo)，紅艷艷，亮晶(jing)晶(jing)，似珍珠，像瑪瑙，令游人心醉。看一(yi)眼便讓人滿(man)(man)口生津。因而被賦(fu)予“如珠未穿孔，似火不燒人”的美(mei)譽。所以(yi)，“瀍壑(he)朱櫻”被列為洛陽八小景之一(yi)。

洛陽櫻(ying)桃(tao)歷(li)史悠久，如一枚深(shen)藏于(yu)貝殼(ke)里的(de)珍珠，經歷(li)著朝(chao)代的(de)盛(sheng)衰。洛陽作為九朝(chao)古都，自古以來海納自然人文美景。歷(li)代文人墨客都寫(xie)下了(le)許多(duo)詠贊櫻(ying)桃(tao)的(de)詩篇。唐太宗李世民不僅愛吃櫻(ying)桃(tao)，而且寫(xie)下一首《賦得櫻(ying)桃(tao)》的(de)詩：

“華林滿芳景(jing)，洛陽(yang)遍陽(yang)春。朱(zhu)顏含(han)遠(yuan)日，翠(cui)色影長津。喬柯囀(zhuan)嬌鳥，低枝映美人。昔作園中實，今為席上珍。”

久居洛(luo)陽(yang)的白居易、梅堯臣都有歌頌洛(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的名篇佳句。清高宗(zong)乾隆七年，洛(luo)陽(yang)知縣龔松林，一次(ci)在(zai)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)成(cheng)熟季節興(xing)致勃(bo)勃(bo)地游覽了(le)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝，情不(bu)自禁地即興(xing)寫下(xia)一首《游櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝詩》，詩中有：“為訪(fang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝，登臨向北邙。雨飛新綠嫩，風動野花香。赤玉(yu)妝盈村，紅(hong)珠摘滿筐(kuang)。”的句子，描(miao)繪了(le)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝迷人(ren)的景色。

清高宗乾隆七(qi)年，洛陽知縣龔松林在(zai)櫻(ying)桃成熟(shu)季節游覽了(le)櫻(ying)桃溝，喜(xi)不自禁地作詩(shi)《游櫻(ying)桃溝》，描(miao)寫贊美了(le)那里的迷人(ren)景(jing)色："雨飛(fei)新綠嫩，風動野花香。赤玉妝(zhuang)盈村，紅珠(zhu)摘滿筐。"

現在人們賞櫻桃(tao)，多在陰歷四月(yue)初，到“櫻桃(tao)溝”即洛陽郊區紅山(shan)鄉王坑村(cun)和新安(an)縣(xian)五頭(tou)鎮獨(du)樹(shu)村(cun)、大凹村(cun)一(yi)帶(dai)。

洛陽櫻桃功效

櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃全身皆可(ke)人藥(yao)，鮮果具有(you)發汗、益氣、祛(qu)風、透疹(zhen)的(de)功效，適用(yong)于貧血(xue)(xue)、四肢麻木(mu)和風濕性腰腿(tui)病的(de)食(shi)療(liao)(liao)。櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃的(de)葉、枝、根有(you)溫胃、止血(xue)(xue)、解毒(du)之功。古(gu)書記載和民間流傳均有(you)許多用(yong)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)疾病的(de)驗方。

特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特殊(shu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容規定(ding)： 3.1.1 氣(qi)(qi)候條件(jian) ①溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)：新(xin)安櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫10℃～12℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)，萌(meng)芽(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是10℃，開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15℃，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20℃。休眠期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)需(xu)冷(leng)量(liang)(liang)（7℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)800～1500小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 ②水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)：新(xin)安櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)于年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)600～800mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。 ③土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)：新(xin)安櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)于土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松、透氣(qi)(qi)良好(hao)(hao)、保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)礫質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)。適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于微酸性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)，PH值為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6.0～7.5，含鹽量(liang)(liang)不(bu)高(gao)于0.1%。 ④光照(zhao)：新(xin)安櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)喜(xi)光樹(shu)種(zhong)，全年(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2600小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 3.1.2 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環境條件(jian) 新(xin)安櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)對土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、氣(qi)(qi)候要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)嚴格，既怕旱又怕澇，因(yin)此(ci)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃，透氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)偏酸性(xing)(xing)沙壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)輕(qing)黏土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)塊(kuai)建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)勢(shi)(shi)高(gao)，雨(yu)季(ji)不(bu)易積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)有(you)灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源，干(gan)旱時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。最(zui)好(hao)(hao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)背風向陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)半坡，不(bu)能選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)山(shan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壩頭地(di)，雖然壩頭地(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)好(hao)(hao)，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)早春容易遭(zao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)霜(shuang)凍。 3.2 品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)： 選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豐產(chan)(chan)、優質(zhi)、高(gao)效、抗逆性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。苗(miao)木高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.3m以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，嫁(jia)接(jie)部(bu)位(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)5cm處(chu)直(zhi)徑達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1㎝，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)側芽(ya)飽滿，無損傷(shang)。側根(gen)(gen)3～5條，須根(gen)(gen)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多。嫁(jia)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砧(zhen)(zhen)木要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)與(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)親合(he)(he)力強(qiang)(qiang)，不(bu)帶病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)發達，抗逆性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)，如大(da)青葉(xie)(xie)、考脫（Colt）、吉塞拉(Gisela)等(deng)(deng)。 主(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)和(he)(he)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)好(hao)(hao)搭配，保(bao)(bao)證授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)親和(he)(he)力強(qiang)(qiang)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相遇。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)應(ying)有(you)兩個以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)樹(shu)比(bi)(bi)例20%～30%。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。包括農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規定(ding)。 3.4 建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.4.1 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)，山(shan)丘地(di)外高(gao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)低，坡地(di)和(he)(he)寬(kuan)幅梯田地(di)起壟栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。全面(mian)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)按(an)行(xing)距挖寬(kuan)1m、深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)0.8m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)長(chang)、寬(kuan)、深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)各(ge)0.8m 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)。將(jiang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料拌勻后(hou)(hou)(hou)回填(tian)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)（穴(xue)）內(nei)(nei)(nei)，并灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沉實(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)備栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3000㎏左右。 3.4.2 適(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春季(ji)3月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，苗(miao)木芽(ya)子萌(meng)動時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.4.3 栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)立地(di)條件(jian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力、苗(miao)木類(lei)型、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)特性(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)確定(ding)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)情況下(xia)(xia)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)喬化(hua)(hua)(hua)砧(zhen)(zhen)木的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)株(zhu)行(xing)距為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4～3m×5～4m，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)33～56株(zhu)；采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)矮化(hua)(hua)(hua)砧(zhen)(zhen)木的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)株(zhu)行(xing)距為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3～2×4m，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)56～84株(zhu)。 3.4.4 栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法 栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，把(ba)苗(miao)木放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，使(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)自(zi)然舒展，填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)苗(miao)木略(lve)微上(shang)(shang)(shang)提使(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)伸直(zhi)并與(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)密(mi)接(jie)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)踏實(shi)。栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)苗(miao)木在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)圃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原來生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)相同或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)略(lve)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)將(jiang)余土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)填(tian)平(ping)，澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)封(feng)(feng)穴(xue)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)干(gan)周圍(wei)培(pei)成30cm左右高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)堆。栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)15天內(nei)(nei)(nei)如天氣(qi)(qi)干(gan)旱要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)澆一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.5 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 3.5.1 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)改(gai)良與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai) 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)瘠薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)擴穴(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法，使(shi)(shi)活土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)60cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)；沙地(di)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)抽(chou)沙換土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)客(ke)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，黏土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)客(ke)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)參沙等(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，改(gai)良土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)。實(shi)行(xing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)耕制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)節(jie)降雨(yu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕松土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)疏(shu)松無雜草，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)5～10cm。實(shi)行(xing)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)節(jie)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)作物(wu)秸(jie)稈(gan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雜草1000～1500kg，覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)10～15cm，上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)適(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)(liang)壓土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，連(lian)覆(fu)(fu)2～3年(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。 3.5.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)澆好(hao)(hao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、硬(ying)核水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。當(dang)天氣(qi)(qi)干(gan)旱、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)降到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)田間(jian)(jian)最(zui)大(da)持(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)畦灌(guan)、穴(xue)灌(guan)、溝(gou)(gou)(gou)灌(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，有(you)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滴灌(guan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)微噴。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雨(yu)季(ji)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)挖好(hao)(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)，及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)排(pai)出園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)前(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。 ①基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季(ji)落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)前(qian)(qian)(qian)（9月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)10月份）施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，混(hun)加少量(liang)(liang)氮(dan)素(su)化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)按(an)1kg鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2～3kg優質(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)計(ji)算(suan)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2000～3000kg優質(zhi)腐(fu)熟農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部(bu)位(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠投影范圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)。 ②追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)三次(ci)(ci)(ci)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)；第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)混(hun)合(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；第(di)三次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條件(jian)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特點(dian)確定(ding)，結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)100kg大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)需(xu)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)1kg、五氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)二(er)磷(lin)(lin)0.5kg、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉀(jia)1kg。方(fang)(fang)法是樹(shu)冠下(xia)(xia)開溝(gou)(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)15～20cm，追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.6 花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行(xing)人(ren)工(gong)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)提高(gao)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)，推廣(guang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)蜂輔助授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)初(chu)(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)釋放(fang)(fang)壁蜂100頭左右。盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疏(shu)去弱(ruo)質(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、畸形(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)結(jie)束后(hou)(hou)(hou)，疏(shu)去小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)畸形(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)適(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)摘除(chu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)附(fu)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遮光葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)，促使(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)全面(mian)均勻著色(se)，還可以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠下(xia)(xia)鋪反光膜(mo)。 3.7 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)弱(ruo)和(he)(he)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)狀(zhuang)況選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)4～3m×4.5～4m、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)弱(ruo)、根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)可采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)然形(xing)(xing)。密(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3～2m×3.5～3m、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)、根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)改(gai)良主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)形(xing)(xing)。做好(hao)(hao)夏(xia)(xia)、冬(dong)兩季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)。 夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4～8月期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抹(mo)芽(ya)、刻芽(ya)、拉枝、摘心、扭梢(shao)、剪(jian)(jian)(jian)梢(shao)等(deng)(deng)技術，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)調(diao)控樹(shu)體長(chang)勢(shi)(shi)，改(gai)善光照(zhao)條件(jian)，促進花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)形(xing)(xing)成。 冬(dong)季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)進行(xing)，根(gen)(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)體生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育(yu)狀(zhuang)況，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)疏(shu)枝、緩放(fang)(fang)、短截、回縮(suo)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法。剪(jian)(jian)(jian)口用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)愈傷(shang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)膜(mo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)閉，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)傷(shang)口愈合(he)(he)組織生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。冬(dong)季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注(zhu)意剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝，清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)僵果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)： 3.8.1 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則 按(an)照(zhao)“預(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，綜合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)，堅持(chi)“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，化(hua)(hua)(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則。 3.8.2 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)輪(lun)作、加強(qiang)(qiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)營養狀(zhuang)況，提高(gao)樹(shu)體抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)能力，抑制病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。 3.8.3 物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學特性(xing)(xing)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)工(gong)撲殺(sha)、樹(shu)干(gan)纏草把(ba)和(he)(he)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈誘殺(sha)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.4 化(hua)(hua)(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)各(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)類(lei)、程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)，科學合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)加強(qiang)(qiang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)(yu)測(ce)預(yu)(yu)報的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)(shang)，做到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)有(you)針(zhen)對性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，未達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)益、害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)比(bi)(bi)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。允許使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)種(zhong)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)最(zui)多使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)距采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20天以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。限制使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)種(zhong)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)最(zui)多使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。 ①休眠期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(1月初(chu)(chu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬)：結(jie)合(he)(he)冬(dong)季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)涂(tu)刷(shua)30～50石硫(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)劑，萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)15～20天，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)30%機油石硫(liu)(liu)微乳(ru)劑800倍(bei)液(ye)加10%蚜虱凈可濕性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑3000倍(bei)液(ye)噴霧清(qing)(qing)(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越冬(dong)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)穿孔(kong)(kong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)斑(ban)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)部(bu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。 ②萌(meng)芽(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(2月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3月初(chu)(chu))：全園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)噴一(yi)(yi)遍30～50石硫(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)劑，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越冬(dong)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)穿孔(kong)(kong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)斑(ban)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)部(bu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。 ③開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(3月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4月上(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬)：花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%高(gao)效氯氰菊(ju)(ju)酯1500倍(bei)液(ye)噴霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。 ④花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)形(xing)(xing)成期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)新(xin)梢(shao)旺長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(7月上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)8月上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬)：雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴一(yi)(yi)遍10%多菌(jun)(jun)靈800～1000倍(bei)液(ye)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)75%百菌(jun)(jun)清(qing)(qing)(qing)500～600倍(bei)液(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穿孔(kong)(kong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)斑(ban)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%溴(xiu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腈(jing)懸(xuan)浮劑1500倍(bei)液(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)阿(a)維(wei)菌(jun)(jun)素(su)3000～4000倍(bei)液(ye)噴霧，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)螨類(lei)、黃刺(ci)蛾等(deng)(deng)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 ⑤新(xin)梢(shao)緩慢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(8月下(xia)(xia)旬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)9月末(mo))：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菊(ju)(ju)酯類(lei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)噴霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)青葉(xie)(xie)蟬(chan)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)爾多液(ye)、代森錳(meng)鋅、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈霉素(su)等(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴霧保(bao)(bao)護(hu)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)。 3.9 產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li) 3.9.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)市場需(xu)求(qiu)綜合(he)(he)確定(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。就地(di)銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)成熟時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)；長(chang)途運輸或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)貯藏保(bao)(bao)鮮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)八、九(jiu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)熟時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。成熟不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，應(ying)分(fen)(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。 3.9.2 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)方(fang)(fang)法 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘，以(yi)(yi)(yi)晴天傍晚采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘下(xia)(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)，存放(fang)(fang)于園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)凈陰涼處(chu)，及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)剔除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、僵果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、爛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)級(ji)。 3.10 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，設(she)專人(ren)做好(hao)(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)記(ji)錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地(di)點(dian)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕作，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（藥(yao)(yao)(yao)）名稱、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)、倉儲(chu)、銷售等(deng)(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、數量(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)。