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簡要介紹

新安櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)，又名珠(zhu)(zhu)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)、含桃(tao)(tao)(tao)，具(ju)有(you)早熟(shu)(shu)(shu)、高產(chan)(chan)、優質、色艷(yan)等(deng)特點。它(ta)先(xian)百果而熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，立夏前后即可(ke)成熟(shu)(shu)(shu)上市；產(chan)(chan)量高，樹齡長，成樹每株產(chan)(chan)400公(gong)斤以(yi)上；果味酸甜可(ke)口，既能生食，又可(ke)釀造，營(ying)養(yang)豐(feng)富，且(qie)有(you)調(diao)中、益脾等(deng)醫療保(bao)健功能；果形珠(zhu)(zhu)圓紅艷(yan)，有(you)“如珠(zhu)(zhu)未穿孔(kong)，似火不燒人(ren)”的(de)美譽(yu)。洛陽盆地四周，溝(gou)壑縱(zong)橫，清溪(xi)環繞(rao)，向(xiang)陽背風處最(zui)宜櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)生長。洛陽櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)(chan)量豐(feng)富，味道極(ji)佳。古人(ren)曾贊(zan)曰：“雨飛(fei)新綠嫩，風動野花(hua)香，赤玉妝盈村(cun)，紅珠(zhu)(zhu)摘滿筐”。每年(nian)公(gong)歷(li)四月份，是(shi)洛陽櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)上市季(ji)節。

特色

唐太宗《賦得櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)》詩云："華(hua)林滿芳景，洛(luo)陽(yang)遍陽(yang)春。朱顏含遠日，翠色(se)(se)影長(chang)津。喬柯囀(zhuan)嬌(jiao)鳥，低枝映美人。昔作園中(zhong)實，今為(wei)席上珍。"洛(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)，個大肉肥(fei)、色(se)(se)紅潤、味甘美。洛(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)，歷(li)史悠久，歷(li)代人民(min)都很重視(shi)栽培(pei)。秦漢以來，又被(bei)移植在御道旁、皇宮內、花園中(zhong)。北邙櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝(gou)，是洛(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)盛產(chan)之(zhi)地。每(mei)當開(kai)花季(ji)節，又形(xing)成洛(luo)陽(yang)一大景觀。

史料記載

古代不(bu)少人寫(xie)下了(le)(le)歌頌(song)洛(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)的名篇佳句。唐太宗《賦得櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)》詩云："畢林滿芳景，洛(luo)陽(yang)遍陽(yang)春。朱顏含遠目(mu)，翠色影長(chang)津。喬(qiao)柯囀(zhuan)嬌身，低(di)枝映(ying)美人。昔(xi)作(zuo)園中實(shi)，今為(wei)席上珍(zhen)。"清代洛(luo)陽(yang)知縣龔松林一(yi)(yi)次來到了(le)(le)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝，感興(xing)而作(zuo)《訪櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝》一(yi)(yi)詩："為(wei)訪櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝，登臨向北邙(mang)。雨(yu)飛新綠(lv)嫩，風動野花(hua)香。赤玉妝盈(ying)村，紅珠摘滿筐(kuang)。衷腸原(yuan)自熱，那用(yong)大宮漿(jiang)！"寫(xie)出(chu)了(le)(le)迷人的景色。人們(men)常(chang)說：小曲好(hao)唱口(kou)戲開，櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)好(hao)吃樹(shu)(shu)難栽。要栽好(hao)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)，除(chu)了(le)(le)栽培技術外，還要選好(hao)地方(fang)。櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)生長(chang)的環境(jing)要在向陽(yang)背(bei)風、溝壑縱橫的地方(fang)，櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝這種環境(jing)正適合了(le)(le)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)的生長(chang)。

洛陽櫻桃歷史

洛陽(yang)盆地四周，溝(gou)壑縱橫(heng)，清溪曲繞，向陽(yang)背(bei)風(feng)處最宜櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)生長，故歷(li)代人(ren)民(min)多有栽植(zhi)。自秦(qin)漢以來(lai)，櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)又(you)被(bei)移植(zhi)到皇宮(gong)御園里(li)和達(da)官(guan)雅士的花園之(zhi)中，使得櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)栽植(zhi)較為廣泛。但象(xiang)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)村這樣廣泛集中種(zhong)植(zhi)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)的，鳳毛麟角。

洛陽櫻(ying)桃(tao)，個大肉(rou)厚，味(wei)純(chun)甘美，并有(you)調中(zhong)益(yi)脾、去寒止泄的(de)(de)藥物作(zuo)用(yong)，素(su)有(you)佳名。西(xi)周時(shi)代(dai)，國都在長安，皇(huang)帝春薦寢廟采用(yong)華(hua)山腳下(xia)上蘭出產的(de)(de)櫻(ying)桃(tao)。平王東遷洛陽后，派臣仆們四出尋工(gong)，最后選定邙山深處櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝所產的(de)(de)櫻(ying)桃(tao)為祭(ji)祀珍品。

據(ju)清(qing)《洛陽縣(xian)志》載：“櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)，一在縣(xian)東(dong)北五里瀍水(shui)東(dong)，名小(xiao)溝(gou)；一在縣(xian)西北三十(shi)里，名大(da)溝(gou)。……大(da)溝(gou)尤(you)佳，延十(shi)余(yu)里。”櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)的(de)櫻(ying)桃(tao)不僅品種(zhong)多，據(ju)周師(shi)厚《洛陽花(hua)木(mu)記》載：有紫櫻(ying)、臘櫻(ying)、滑臺櫻(ying)、朱皮櫻(ying)、旱(han)櫻(ying)、吳櫻(ying)、甜果子(zi)、急溜子(zi)、千葉櫻(ying)等11種(zhong)，而(er)且紅亮耐看，特(te)別惹人喜愛。

春天(tian)一(yi)到，櫻桃溝(gou)里溝(gou)溝(gou)岔岔，開滿(man)一(yi)簇簇潔白的(de)櫻花，迎風搖曳，鮮(xian)艷嬌(jiao)麗(li)，馥郁的(de)芳香撲面而(er)來(lai)。幾天(tian)工夫，萬樹銀花突然變成了滿(man)溝(gou)金果，紅艷艷，亮(liang)晶晶，似(si)珍珠，像瑪(ma)瑙，令(ling)游(you)人心醉。看一(yi)眼便讓(rang)人滿(man)口生津。因而(er)被賦予“如珠未(wei)穿孔，似(si)火不燒人”的(de)美(mei)譽。所(suo)以(yi)，“瀍壑朱櫻”被列為(wei)洛陽(yang)八(ba)小景之一(yi)。

洛陽櫻(ying)桃歷史悠久(jiu)，如一枚深藏于貝殼里的珍珠，經歷著朝代(dai)的盛衰。洛陽作(zuo)為九朝古都(dou)，自古以(yi)來海(hai)納(na)自然人文美景。歷代(dai)文人墨客都(dou)寫下了許多詠贊櫻(ying)桃的詩(shi)篇。唐(tang)太(tai)宗(zong)李世(shi)民不僅愛(ai)吃櫻(ying)桃，而且(qie)寫下一首《賦得櫻(ying)桃》的詩(shi)：

“華林滿芳景，洛陽遍陽春。朱顏含遠日，翠(cui)色影(ying)長津。喬柯囀嬌(jiao)鳥，低枝映美人。昔(xi)作園中(zhong)實，今為席上珍(zhen)。”

久居(ju)洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)的(de)白(bai)居(ju)易、梅堯臣都有(you)歌(ge)頌洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)名篇佳句(ju)。清高宗(zong)乾隆七年，洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)知縣龔松林(lin)，一次在櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)成熟季節興(xing)(xing)致勃勃地(di)游覽了櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)，情不自(zi)禁地(di)即興(xing)(xing)寫下一首《游櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)詩》，詩中有(you)：“為訪(fang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)，登臨向北邙。雨飛新綠嫩，風動(dong)野花香。赤玉妝(zhuang)盈村，紅珠摘滿筐。”的(de)句(ju)子，描繪了櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)迷人(ren)的(de)景色(se)。

清高宗乾隆七年，洛陽知(zhi)縣龔松林在(zai)櫻桃(tao)成熟季節游覽了櫻桃(tao)溝，喜不(bu)自禁地作(zuo)詩《游櫻桃(tao)溝》，描寫贊美(mei)了那里的迷人(ren)景色："雨飛新綠嫩，風動野(ye)花香。赤玉妝盈村，紅珠摘(zhai)滿筐。"

現在人們(men)賞櫻(ying)桃，多在陰歷四月(yue)初，到“櫻(ying)桃溝”即洛陽郊區紅山鄉王坑(keng)村(cun)和(he)新(xin)安縣五(wu)頭鎮獨樹(shu)村(cun)、大(da)凹村(cun)一帶。

洛陽櫻桃功效

櫻(ying)桃(tao)全身皆可人(ren)藥(yao)，鮮果具(ju)有發汗、益氣、祛風、透(tou)疹的(de)功效，適(shi)用于(yu)貧血(xue)、四肢麻(ma)木(mu)和風濕性腰腿病(bing)的(de)食(shi)療(liao)。櫻(ying)桃(tao)的(de)葉、枝、根有溫胃、止血(xue)、解毒之功。古書記載和民(min)間流(liu)傳(chuan)均有許多用櫻(ying)桃(tao)治(zhi)療(liao)疾病(bing)的(de)驗方(fang)。

特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)(yu)特(te)殊內(nei)容規定(ding)： 3.1.1 氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian) ①溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)：新(xin)安櫻(ying)桃適宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)10℃～12℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)，萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)適宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)10℃，開花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)15℃，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)20℃。休眠(mian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)需(xu)冷量(liang)(liang)(liang)（7℃以(yi)下(xia)(xia)）為(wei)(wei)800～1500小時(shi)(shi)。 ②水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)：新(xin)安櫻(ying)桃適宜(yi)于(yu)年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)600～800mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。 ③土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)：新(xin)安櫻(ying)桃適宜(yi)于(yu)土(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)松、透(tou)氣(qi)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)、保水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)、沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)和(he)(he)(he)礫質(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培。適宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)微酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)，PH值為(wei)(wei)6.0～7.5，含鹽量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)0.1%。 ④光照：新(xin)安櫻(ying)桃為(wei)(wei)喜光樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，全(quan)年(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)(shi)間應在(zai)(zai)(zai)2600小時(shi)(shi)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。 3.1.2 土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)環(huan)境條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian) 新(xin)安櫻(ying)桃對(dui)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、氣(qi)候(hou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)比較嚴格，既怕(pa)旱又怕(pa)澇(lao)，因此(ci)要(yao)(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)比較肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃，透(tou)氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)偏酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)和(he)(he)(he)輕黏土(tu)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)勢高(gao)(gao)，雨(yu)季(ji)(ji)不(bu)易積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)有灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源，干旱時(shi)(shi)能及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。最好(hao)(hao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)背風向(xiang)陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)半(ban)坡，不(bu)能選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)山(shan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壩頭地(di)(di)，雖然(ran)壩頭地(di)(di)土(tu)質(zhi)好(hao)(hao)，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)早春(chun)容易遭到(dao)霜凍。 3.2 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)(yu)特(te)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)： 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、優(you)質(zhi)、高(gao)(gao)效、抗(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.3m以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，嫁接部位(wei)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)5cm處直(zhi)徑(jing)達到(dao)1㎝，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)側芽(ya)(ya)飽滿，無(wu)(wu)損(sun)傷(shang)。側根(gen)3～5條(tiao)(tiao)，須根(gen)較多(duo)(duo)。嫁接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砧(zhen)木(mu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)與(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)親合(he)(he)力強(qiang)，不(bu)帶病(bing)(bing)毒或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)，根(gen)系發(fa)達，抗(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)，如大(da)青(qing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、考脫（Colt）、吉塞拉(la)(Gisela)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)授(shou)粉品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)好(hao)(hao)搭(da)配(pei)，保證授(shou)粉品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)授(shou)粉親和(he)(he)(he)力強(qiang)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相遇。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)應有兩個以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)授(shou)粉品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，授(shou)粉樹(shu)比例20%～30%。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。包括(kuo)農(nong)業(ye)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規定(ding)。 3.4 建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.4.1 整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)土(tu)地(di)(di)，山(shan)丘(qiu)地(di)(di)外高(gao)(gao)內(nei)低(di)，坡地(di)(di)和(he)(he)(he)寬幅梯田(tian)地(di)(di)起壟栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。全(quan)面(mian)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)按行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)挖寬1m、深(shen)(shen)(shen)0.8m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)長(chang)(chang)、寬、深(shen)(shen)(shen)各(ge)0.8m 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)。將(jiang)(jiang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)土(tu)與(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)拌勻后(hou)(hou)回填溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)（穴(xue)）內(nei)，并灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沉實(shi)，以(yi)備栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3000㎏左(zuo)右(you)(you)。 3.4.2 適時(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)季(ji)(ji)3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)芽(ya)(ya)子萌(meng)(meng)動時(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.4.3 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 根(gen)據(ju)立(li)地(di)(di)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)類(lei)型、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)確(que)(que)定(ding)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)喬化(hua)(hua)砧(zhen)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)為(wei)(wei)4～3m×5～4m，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)33～56株(zhu)(zhu)；采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)矮(ai)化(hua)(hua)砧(zhen)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)為(wei)(wei)3～2×4m，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)56～84株(zhu)(zhu)。 3.4.4 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，把苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)內(nei)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)系自(zi)(zi)然(ran)舒展，填土(tu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)略(lve)微上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)使(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)伸直(zhi)并與(yu)(yu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)密接，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)踏實(shi)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)圃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原來生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)相同或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)略(lve)深(shen)(shen)(shen)。最后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)余土(tu)填平(ping)(ping)(ping)，澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)封穴(xue)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)干周(zhou)圍培成30cm左(zuo)右(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)堆。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)15天(tian)(tian)(tian)內(nei)如天(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)干旱要(yao)(yao)(yao)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.5 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 3.5.1 土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai) 土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)瘠薄(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻擴穴(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)活土(tu)層達到(dao)60cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)；沙(sha)地(di)(di)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)抽沙(sha)換土(tu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)客土(tu)，黏土(tu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)客土(tu)參沙(sha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，改(gai)(gai)良(liang)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)。實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)清耕(geng)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)節降雨(yu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)，及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)松土(tu)，保持土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)疏(shu)(shu)松無(wu)(wu)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)5～10cm。實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)夏季(ji)(ji)節每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)作(zuo)物秸稈或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)1000～1500kg，覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)10～15cm，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)適量(liang)(liang)(liang)壓土(tu)，連覆(fu)(fu)2～3年(nian)后(hou)(hou)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)。 3.5.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 要(yao)(yao)(yao)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)(hao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、硬(ying)核水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。當(dang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)干旱、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)降到(dao)田(tian)間最大(da)持水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%以(yi)下(xia)(xia)時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)以(yi)畦(qi)灌(guan)(guan)、穴(xue)灌(guan)(guan)、溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)灌(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，有條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滴灌(guan)(guan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)微噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)雨(yu)季(ji)(ji)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)挖好(hao)(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)排(pai)出園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)前(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。 ①基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季(ji)(ji)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)前(qian)(qian)(qian)（9月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)到(dao)10月(yue)(yue)份）施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)，以(yi)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，混(hun)加(jia)少量(liang)(liang)(liang)氮(dan)素(su)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)按1kg鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2～3kg優(you)質(zhi)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)計(ji)算，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2000～3000kg優(you)質(zhi)腐熟(shu)(shu)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，以(yi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)投(tou)影范圍內(nei)。 ②追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)三(san)次(ci)，第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)，以(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)；第二次(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)混(hun)合(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；第三(san)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)以(yi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特(te)點確(que)(que)定(ding)，結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)100kg大(da)櫻(ying)桃需(xu)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)1kg、五氧化(hua)(hua)二磷(lin)(lin)0.5kg、氧化(hua)(hua)鉀(jia)1kg。方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是(shi)樹(shu)冠(guan)下(xia)(xia)開溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)深(shen)(shen)(shen)15～20cm，追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.6 花(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人工(gong)授(shou)粉提(ti)高(gao)(gao)坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率，推廣花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)放(fang)蜂(feng)輔助授(shou)粉，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)開花(hua)(hua)(hua)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)釋放(fang)壁(bi)蜂(feng)100頭左(zuo)右(you)(you)。盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)弱質(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)、畸(ji)形(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)，生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)結束后(hou)(hou)，疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)畸(ji)形(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)適當(dang)摘除(chu)(chu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遮(zhe)光葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片，促使(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)全(quan)面(mian)均勻著色，還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)下(xia)(xia)鋪反光膜。 3.7 整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 根(gen)據(ju)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、干性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)弱和(he)(he)(he)根(gen)系狀(zhuang)況(kuang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)適宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)4～3m×4.5～4m、干性(xing)(xing)(xing)弱、根(gen)系較淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)形(xing)(xing)。密植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3～2m×3.5～3m、干性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、根(gen)系較深(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)主(zhu)干形(xing)(xing)。做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)夏、冬(dong)兩季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)。 夏季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)4～8月(yue)(yue)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抹芽(ya)(ya)、刻芽(ya)(ya)、拉(la)枝(zhi)、摘心(xin)、扭梢、剪(jian)(jian)梢等(deng)(deng)(deng)技術，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)調(diao)控樹(shu)體(ti)長(chang)(chang)勢，改(gai)(gai)善光照條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，促進花(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)形(xing)(xing)成。 冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，根(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)疏(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)、緩放(fang)、短截、回縮(suo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。剪(jian)(jian)口用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)愈(yu)傷(shang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐膜及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)封閉，保護傷(shang)口愈(yu)合(he)(he)組(zu)織生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)注意剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)，清除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)僵果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)： 3.8.1 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)原則 按照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，綜(zong)合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)，堅持“農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，物理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)輔”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)害(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)原則。 3.8.2 農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)輪作(zuo)、加(jia)強(qiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)營養狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)樹(shu)體(ti)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)能力，抑制(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。 3.8.3 物理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)據(ju)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)物學(xue)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)人工(gong)撲(pu)殺(sha)、樹(shu)干纏草(cao)(cao)(cao)把和(he)(he)(he)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈誘殺(sha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.4 化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)據(ju)各(ge)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)、程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，科學(xue)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)強(qiang)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預測預報的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)有針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥，未達到(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)益、害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)比合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥。允許使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)最多(duo)(duo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二次(ci)。最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藥距(ju)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間隔應在(zai)(zai)(zai)20天(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。限制(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)最多(duo)(duo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)。 ①休眠(mian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(1月(yue)(yue)初至(zhi)2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun))：結合(he)(he)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)涂刷30～50石硫(liu)合(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)，萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)15～20天(tian)(tian)(tian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)30%機(ji)油石硫(liu)微乳(ru)劑(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)液(ye)加(jia)10%蚜虱凈(jing)可(ke)(ke)濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)清園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)越冬(dong)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、介殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)(he)穿孔(kong)病(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)部病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)。 ②萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)至(zhi)3月(yue)(yue)初)：全(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遍30～50石硫(liu)合(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)越冬(dong)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、介殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)(he)穿孔(kong)病(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)部病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)。 ③開花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)至(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun))：花(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%高(gao)(gao)效氯氰菊(ju)酯1500倍(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。 ④花(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)形(xing)(xing)成期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)新(xin)梢旺長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(7月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)至(zhi)8月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun))：雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遍10%多(duo)(duo)菌(jun)(jun)靈800～1000倍(bei)液(ye)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)75%百菌(jun)(jun)清500～600倍(bei)液(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)穿孔(kong)病(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%溴(xiu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)腈懸浮劑(ji)(ji)1500倍(bei)液(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)阿維菌(jun)(jun)素(su)3000～4000倍(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)螨類(lei)、黃刺(ci)蛾等(deng)(deng)(deng)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。 ⑤新(xin)梢緩慢生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(8月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)至(zhi)9月(yue)(yue)末)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菊(ju)酯類(lei)農(nong)藥噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)大(da)青(qing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蟬成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)波爾多(duo)(duo)液(ye)、代森錳鋅、農(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈霉(mei)素(su)等(deng)(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)保護葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片。 3.9 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)處理(li)(li)(li) 3.9.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 根(gen)據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)和(he)(he)(he)市場需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)綜(zong)合(he)(he)確(que)(que)定(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。就地(di)(di)銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)充分(fen)成熟(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)；長(chang)(chang)途(tu)運輸(shu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)貯藏保鮮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)八(ba)、九分(fen)熟(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。成熟(shu)(shu)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應分(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。 3.9.2 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人工(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘，以(yi)晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)傍晚(wan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘下(xia)(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)，存放(fang)于(yu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干凈(jing)陰涼處，及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)剔除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、僵果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、爛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)級。 3.10 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，設專人做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)記(ji)錄：生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)點、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（藥）名(ming)稱、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)、倉儲(chu)、銷售等(deng)(deng)(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。