芒果视频下载

簡要介紹

新(xin)安櫻(ying)桃，又名珠(zhu)桃、含桃，具有(you)(you)(you)早熟、高產、優(you)質、色艷(yan)(yan)等特點。它先(xian)百果(guo)而(er)熟，立夏前后即可成(cheng)熟上(shang)市；產量高，樹齡長，成(cheng)樹每株(zhu)產400公(gong)斤以(yi)上(shang)；果(guo)味(wei)(wei)酸(suan)甜(tian)可口，既能生(sheng)食，又可釀造，營養豐富(fu)，且(qie)有(you)(you)(you)調中(zhong)、益脾等醫(yi)療保健功能；果(guo)形珠(zhu)圓紅艷(yan)(yan)，有(you)(you)(you)“如珠(zhu)未穿孔，似火不(bu)燒人”的美譽(yu)。洛(luo)(luo)陽盆(pen)地四周，溝壑縱(zong)橫，清溪環繞，向(xiang)陽背風處最宜(yi)櫻(ying)桃生(sheng)長。洛(luo)(luo)陽櫻(ying)桃產量豐富(fu)，味(wei)(wei)道極佳(jia)。古人曾贊曰：“雨(yu)飛新(xin)綠嫩，風動(dong)野花香(xiang)，赤玉妝(zhuang)盈村，紅珠(zhu)摘滿筐”。每年公(gong)歷四月份(fen)，是洛(luo)(luo)陽櫻(ying)桃的上(shang)市季節(jie)。

特色

唐太宗《賦得櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)》詩(shi)云："華(hua)林滿芳景(jing)，洛陽遍(bian)陽春。朱顏含遠日(ri)，翠色影長津。喬柯囀嬌鳥，低枝映美(mei)人(ren)。昔作園(yuan)中實(shi)，今為席上珍。"洛陽櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)，個大肉肥、色紅潤、味甘美(mei)。洛陽櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)，歷(li)史悠久，歷(li)代人(ren)民都很重(zhong)視栽(zai)培。秦(qin)漢(han)以來，又被移(yi)植在(zai)御(yu)道旁、皇宮內、花園(yuan)中。北邙櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝，是(shi)洛陽櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)盛產(chan)之地(di)。每當開花季節(jie)，又形成洛陽一大景(jing)觀。

史料記載

古代(dai)不少人寫下了歌(ge)頌洛(luo)陽櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)名篇佳句(ju)。唐太宗(zong)《賦得(de)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)》詩(shi)云："畢林滿(man)(man)芳景，洛(luo)陽遍陽春。朱顏含遠目，翠色影長津。喬(qiao)柯(ke)囀嬌身，低枝映美人。昔作園中實(shi)，今為(wei)席(xi)上珍。"清代(dai)洛(luo)陽知縣龔松林一(yi)次來(lai)到了櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)，感(gan)興而作《訪(fang)(fang)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)》一(yi)詩(shi)："為(wei)訪(fang)(fang)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)，登(deng)臨向(xiang)北邙。雨飛(fei)新綠嫩，風動野(ye)花香(xiang)。赤(chi)玉(yu)妝盈村，紅珠摘滿(man)(man)筐。衷腸原自熱，那(nei)用大宮漿(jiang)！"寫出了迷(mi)人的(de)景色。人們常說：小曲好(hao)唱(chang)口戲開(kai)，櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)好(hao)吃樹難栽(zai)。要栽(zai)好(hao)櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)樹，除了栽(zai)培技術外，還要選好(hao)地方。櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)樹生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)環境(jing)要在向(xiang)陽背風、溝(gou)(gou)壑縱橫的(de)地方，櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)這(zhe)種環境(jing)正適合了櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長。

洛陽櫻桃歷史

洛陽盆(pen)地四周，溝壑縱橫，清溪(xi)曲繞，向(xiang)陽背(bei)風處最宜櫻(ying)桃生(sheng)長，故歷代人民多(duo)有栽植(zhi)。自(zi)秦(qin)漢以來，櫻(ying)桃又(you)被移植(zhi)到皇宮御園(yuan)里和達官(guan)雅士的(de)(de)花園(yuan)之中，使(shi)得(de)櫻(ying)桃栽植(zhi)較為廣(guang)泛。但(dan)象櫻(ying)桃溝村這樣廣(guang)泛集(ji)中種植(zhi)櫻(ying)桃的(de)(de)，鳳毛麟(lin)角(jiao)。

洛(luo)陽櫻桃，個(ge)大(da)肉厚(hou)，味(wei)純甘美，并有調中益脾、去(qu)寒止泄的藥物作(zuo)用，素有佳名。西周(zhou)時代，國都在(zai)長安(an)，皇(huang)帝春薦寢(qin)廟采用華山(shan)腳下上蘭出(chu)產的櫻桃。平王東(dong)遷洛(luo)陽后(hou)，派臣仆們四出(chu)尋工(gong)，最后(hou)選定邙山(shan)深處櫻桃溝(gou)所產的櫻桃為祭祀珍品。

據(ju)清《洛陽縣志》載(zai)：“櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃溝，一(yi)在縣東北(bei)五里瀍(chan)水東，名小(xiao)溝；一(yi)在縣西(xi)北(bei)三十里，名大溝。……大溝尤佳，延十余里。”櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃溝的櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃不僅品(pin)種多，據(ju)周師厚(hou)《洛陽花木記》載(zai)：有紫(zi)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、臘櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、滑臺櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、朱皮櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、旱櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、吳櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、甜果子(zi)、急溜(liu)子(zi)、千葉櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)等(deng)11種，而且紅亮耐看，特別惹人喜(xi)愛。

春天一(yi)到，櫻桃溝(gou)里溝(gou)溝(gou)岔岔，開(kai)滿一(yi)簇簇潔白的櫻花，迎風搖曳，鮮艷嬌(jiao)麗，馥郁的芳(fang)香撲(pu)面(mian)而(er)來(lai)。幾天工夫(fu)，萬樹銀花突然變成了滿溝(gou)金果(guo)，紅艷艷，亮晶(jing)晶(jing)，似珍珠(zhu)，像瑪(ma)瑙，令(ling)游人心(xin)醉。看(kan)一(yi)眼便讓(rang)人滿口生(sheng)津。因而(er)被賦予“如珠(zhu)未穿孔(kong)，似火不燒人”的美(mei)譽。所以，“瀍壑(he)朱櫻”被列為洛陽八小景之一(yi)。

洛(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃歷(li)(li)史悠久，如一枚深藏(zang)于貝(bei)殼里的(de)珍珠，經歷(li)(li)著朝(chao)代的(de)盛衰。洛(luo)陽(yang)作為九朝(chao)古都，自古以來海納(na)自然人(ren)文(wen)美景。歷(li)(li)代文(wen)人(ren)墨客(ke)都寫(xie)(xie)下(xia)了(le)許多(duo)詠贊櫻(ying)(ying)桃的(de)詩篇(pian)。唐太宗李世民不僅愛吃櫻(ying)(ying)桃，而且(qie)寫(xie)(xie)下(xia)一首《賦得(de)櫻(ying)(ying)桃》的(de)詩：

“華林滿芳景，洛(luo)陽遍陽春。朱顏(yan)含(han)遠日(ri)，翠色影長津(jin)。喬柯囀嬌鳥，低枝映美人。昔作園中實，今為席上珍。”

久居洛(luo)陽(yang)的(de)(de)(de)白居易、梅堯臣都有歌頌洛(luo)陽(yang)櫻(ying)桃(tao)的(de)(de)(de)名篇(pian)佳句。清(qing)高宗(zong)乾隆七年(nian)，洛(luo)陽(yang)知(zhi)縣龔松林(lin)，一(yi)次在櫻(ying)桃(tao)成熟(shu)季(ji)節興致勃(bo)勃(bo)地游(you)覽了(le)櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)(gou)，情不自禁地即興寫(xie)下一(yi)首《游(you)櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)(gou)詩》，詩中(zhong)有：“為(wei)訪櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)(gou)，登臨向北(bei)邙(mang)。雨飛(fei)新綠嫩，風動野花香(xiang)。赤玉妝(zhuang)盈村(cun)，紅珠摘滿筐。”的(de)(de)(de)句子(zi)，描繪了(le)櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)(gou)迷人的(de)(de)(de)景色。

清(qing)高(gao)宗乾隆七年，洛(luo)陽(yang)知縣龔松林在(zai)櫻桃成熟季(ji)節(jie)游(you)覽了櫻桃溝，喜(xi)不自禁地作詩(shi)《游(you)櫻桃溝》，描寫(xie)贊美(mei)了那里(li)的迷人景色(se)："雨飛新綠嫩，風動野花香(xiang)。赤玉(yu)妝(zhuang)盈村，紅珠摘滿筐(kuang)。"

現(xian)在人們賞櫻(ying)桃，多在陰歷四月初，到“櫻(ying)桃溝”即洛陽郊區紅山(shan)鄉王坑村和(he)新安縣五頭鎮獨樹村、大凹(ao)村一帶。

洛陽櫻桃功效

櫻桃全身(shen)皆可人(ren)藥，鮮果具有發(fa)汗、益氣、祛(qu)風(feng)、透疹(zhen)的(de)(de)功(gong)效，適用(yong)于貧血(xue)、四肢麻(ma)木(mu)和(he)(he)風(feng)濕性腰腿病的(de)(de)食(shi)療(liao)。櫻桃的(de)(de)葉、枝、根(gen)有溫胃、止血(xue)、解(jie)毒之功(gong)。古書(shu)記載和(he)(he)民間流傳均有許多用(yong)櫻桃治療(liao)疾病的(de)(de)驗方。

特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)(yu)特(te)(te)(te)殊內(nei)容規(gui)定(ding)： 3.1.1 氣(qi)候條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian) ①溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)：新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)適宜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)10℃～12℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區，萌(meng)芽(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)是10℃，開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15℃，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20℃。休眠(mian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)需冷量(liang)(liang)（7℃以(yi)(yi)下(xia)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)800～1500小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 ②水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分：新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)適宜于(yu)年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)600～800mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。 ③土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)：新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)適宜于(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏(shu)松(song)(song)、透氣(qi)良(liang)好(hao)、保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)礫質土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)上(shang)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培。適宜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)微(wei)酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)，PH值為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6.0～7.5，含(han)鹽(yan)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)高于(yu)0.1%。 ④光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)：新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)喜(xi)光(guang)(guang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，全年(nian)日照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2600小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。 3.1.2 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環境條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian) 新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)對(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、氣(qi)候要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)較嚴格，既(ji)怕(pa)旱又怕(pa)澇，因此要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)比(bi)較肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃，透氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)偏酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)輕黏土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)塊(kuai)建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)勢高，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)季(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)易積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區有灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源，干(gan)旱時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。最(zui)(zui)好(hao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇背風(feng)向陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)半坡(po)，不(bu)(bu)能選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇山溝(gou)(gou)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壩頭(tou)地(di)，雖然(ran)(ran)壩頭(tou)地(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質好(hao)，但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)早春(chun)容易遭到(dao)(dao)霜凍(dong)。 3.2 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)(yu)特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)： 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豐產(chan)(chan)、優質、高效、抗(kang)(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)高度(du)(du)(du)1.3m以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，嫁接(jie)部位以(yi)(yi)上(shang)5cm處(chu)直徑達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)1㎝，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部以(yi)(yi)上(shang)側芽(ya)飽滿，無損傷。側根(gen)(gen)(gen)3～5條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，須根(gen)(gen)(gen)較多(duo)。嫁接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砧(zhen)木(mu)(mu)(mu)要(yao)與(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)親合(he)力強(qiang)，不(bu)(bu)帶病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)系發達(da)(da)，抗(kang)(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)，如大青(qing)葉(xie)(xie)、考脫(tuo)（Colt）、吉塞拉(Gisela)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)授(shou)粉(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)好(hao)搭(da)配，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)授(shou)粉(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)授(shou)粉(fen)親和(he)(he)力強(qiang)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相遇。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)應(ying)(ying)有兩(liang)個以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)授(shou)粉(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，授(shou)粉(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)例20%～30%。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。包括農業投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)殊使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)定(ding)。 3.4 建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.4.1 整(zheng)地(di)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)平(ping)整(zheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)，山丘(qiu)地(di)外(wai)高內(nei)低，坡(po)地(di)和(he)(he)寬幅梯田地(di)起壟(long)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。全面(mian)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)按(an)行(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)(ju)挖寬1m、深(shen)(shen)(shen)0.8m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)(gou)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)長(chang)、寬、深(shen)(shen)(shen)各(ge)0.8m 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)。將(jiang)(jiang)溝(gou)(gou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料拌勻(yun)后(hou)(hou)回(hui)填(tian)(tian)(tian)溝(gou)(gou)（穴(xue)）內(nei)，并灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沉實(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)備栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3000㎏左右。 3.4.2 適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)季(ji)(ji)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)芽(ya)子萌(meng)動時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.4.3 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)立地(di)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)類型、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)確(que)定(ding)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)喬化(hua)(hua)砧(zhen)木(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)株行(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4～3m×5～4m，每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)33～56株；采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)矮化(hua)(hua)砧(zhen)木(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)株行(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3～2×4m，每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)56～84株。 3.4.4 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa) 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，把苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)內(nei)，使(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系自然(ran)(ran)舒展，填(tian)(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)略微(wei)上(shang)提使(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)伸(shen)直并與(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)密(mi)接(jie)，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)踏(ta)實(shi)(shi)(shi)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)圃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)來生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)相同或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)略深(shen)(shen)(shen)。最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)余土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)，澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)封(feng)穴(xue)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)干(gan)周圍(wei)培成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)30cm左右高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)堆。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)15天(tian)(tian)(tian)內(nei)如天(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)干(gan)旱要(yao)澆(jiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.5 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 3.5.1 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)覆(fu)蓋 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)瘠薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻擴穴(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，使(shi)(shi)活土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)60cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)；沙(sha)地(di)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)抽沙(sha)換土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)客土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，黏土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)客土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)參沙(sha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，改(gai)(gai)良(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)耕(geng)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)(ji)節降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)松(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，保(bao)(bao)持土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)疏(shu)松(song)(song)無雜草(cao)(cao)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)5～10cm。實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)覆(fu)蓋制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)節每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)覆(fu)蓋作(zuo)物(wu)秸(jie)稈或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雜草(cao)(cao)1000～1500kg，覆(fu)蓋厚度(du)(du)(du)10～15cm，上(shang)面(mian)適量(liang)(liang)壓(ya)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，連(lian)覆(fu)2～3年(nian)后(hou)(hou)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。 3.5.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 要(yao)澆(jiao)好(hao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、硬核水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。當天(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)干(gan)旱、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)田間最(zui)(zui)大持水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%以(yi)(yi)下(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)以(yi)(yi)畦灌(guan)(guan)、穴(xue)灌(guan)(guan)、溝(gou)(gou)灌(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，有條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滴灌(guan)(guan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)微(wei)噴。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)季(ji)(ji)，要(yao)挖好(hao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)(gou)，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)排(pai)出(chu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 施(shi)(shi)足基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)前(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。 ①基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季(ji)(ji)落葉(xie)(xie)前(qian)(qian)(qian)（9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)到(dao)(dao)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份）施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，混加少(shao)量(liang)(liang)氮素化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)按(an)1kg鮮(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)施(shi)(shi)2～3kg優質農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)計算，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)2000～3000kg優質腐熟(shu)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，以(yi)(yi)溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠投影范圍(wei)內(nei)。 ②追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每(mei)(mei)年(nian)三(san)次(ci)(ci)，第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)，以(yi)(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)；第二次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，氮磷鉀混合(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；第三(san)次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)以(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)確(que)定(ding)，結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每(mei)(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)100kg大櫻(ying)桃(tao)需追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)純氮1kg、五(wu)氧化(hua)(hua)二磷0.5kg、氧化(hua)(hua)鉀1kg。方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)是樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠下(xia)開(kai)(kai)溝(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)深(shen)(shen)(shen)15～20cm，追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.6 花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)授(shou)粉(fen)提高坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率，推(tui)廣花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)放(fang)蜂(feng)輔(fu)助授(shou)粉(fen)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)釋放(fang)壁蜂(feng)100頭(tou)左右。盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疏(shu)去(qu)(qu)弱質花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、畸(ji)形(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)(li)落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)結束后(hou)(hou)，疏(shu)去(qu)(qu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)畸(ji)形(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)適當摘除(chu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遮光(guang)(guang)葉(xie)(xie)片，促使(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)全面(mian)均(jun)勻(yun)著色，還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠下(xia)鋪反(fan)光(guang)(guang)膜(mo)。 3.7 整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)弱和(he)(he)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系狀況(kuang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)4～3m×4.5～4m、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)弱、根(gen)(gen)(gen)系較淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自然(ran)(ran)形(xing)(xing)。密(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3～2m×3.5～3m、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、根(gen)(gen)(gen)系較深(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)主(zhu)干(gan)形(xing)(xing)。做(zuo)好(hao)夏(xia)、冬(dong)兩(liang)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。 夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4～8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間，應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抹芽(ya)、刻芽(ya)、拉枝(zhi)、摘心、扭梢、剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梢等(deng)(deng)(deng)技術(shu)，主(zhu)要(yao)調(diao)控樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)勢，改(gai)(gai)善(shan)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)，促進(jin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。 冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育狀況(kuang)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)疏(shu)枝(zhi)、緩(huan)放(fang)、短截、回(hui)縮等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)口用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)愈傷防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐膜(mo)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封(feng)閉，保(bao)(bao)護傷口愈合(he)組織生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注意剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)，清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)僵(jiang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)： 3.8.1 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)則 按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)針，堅持“農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔(fu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)則。 3.8.2 農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)輪作(zuo)、加強(qiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，調(diao)整(zheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)營養狀況(kuang)，提高樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)(ti)抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)能力，抑(yi)制病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。 3.8.3 物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)特(te)(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)撲殺(sha)、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)纏草(cao)(cao)把和(he)(he)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈誘殺(sha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.4 化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)各(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類、程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，科學(xue)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)加強(qiang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)測預(yu)報的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)有針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)，未達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)益、害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)比(bi)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。允許使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥(yao)，每(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二次(ci)(ci)。最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)距(ju)(ju)(ju)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間隔(ge)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20天(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。限制使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥(yao)，每(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。 ①休眠(mian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)至(zhi)(zhi)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun))：結合(he)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)涂(tu)刷30～50石硫(liu)(liu)合(he)劑(ji)，萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)15～20天(tian)(tian)(tian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)30%機油石硫(liu)(liu)微(wei)乳劑(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)加10%蚜虱(shi)凈可(ke)濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越冬(dong)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、介殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)穿孔(kong)(kong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)部病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。 ②萌(meng)芽(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu))：全園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)噴一(yi)(yi)(yi)遍30～50石硫(liu)(liu)合(he)劑(ji)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越冬(dong)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、介殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)穿孔(kong)(kong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)部病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。 ③開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun))：花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%高效氯氰菊(ju)酯1500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。 ④花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)新(xin)梢旺長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun))：雨(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴一(yi)(yi)(yi)遍10%多(duo)菌(jun)靈800～1000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)75%百菌(jun)清(qing)(qing)(qing)500～600倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穿孔(kong)(kong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%溴蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腈懸浮劑(ji)1500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)阿維(wei)菌(jun)素3000～4000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)螨類、黃刺蛾等(deng)(deng)(deng)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 ⑤新(xin)梢緩(huan)慢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)末)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菊(ju)酯類農藥(yao)噴霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大青(qing)葉(xie)(xie)蟬成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)爾多(duo)液(ye)(ye)(ye)、代森錳鋅(xin)、農用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈霉素等(deng)(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴霧(wu)保(bao)(bao)護葉(xie)(xie)片。 3.9 產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)及(ji)(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 3.9.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)市場需求(qiu)(qiu)綜(zong)合(he)確(que)定(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。就地(di)銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)充分成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)；長(chang)途運輸或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)貯藏保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)八、九分熟(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)分期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。 3.9.2 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘，以(yi)(yi)晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)傍晚采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘下(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)，存放(fang)于(yu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)凈陰涼處(chu)，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)剔除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、僵(jiang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、爛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分級(ji)。 3.10 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，設專人(ren)做(zuo)好(hao)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)記錄(lu)：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地(di)點(dian)、農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱(cheng)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（藥(yao)）名稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)、倉(cang)儲、銷(xiao)售等(deng)(deng)(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)、數量(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。