一.產品介紹
“桐柏(bo)(bo)香(xiang)椿(chun)”產自南陽桐柏(bo)(bo),葉厚芽(ya)嫩,綠葉紅(hong)邊,色如瑪瑙,香(xiang)味濃郁,營養豐(feng)富(fu),被譽為(wei)“山(shan)中珍品(pin)”。香(xiang)椿(chun)是桐柏(bo)(bo)的(de)鄉土樹種,當地在(zai)漢代即開始廣泛種植,香(xiang)椿(chun)在(zai)可供食(shi)用的(de)同(tong)時(shi),也(ye)是園林綠化(hua)和(he)保持水土的(de)優良(liang)樹種,具(ju)有良(liang)好的(de)生態效益、經濟效益和(he)社會效益,現已成為(wei)老區農(nong)民增收致(zhi)富(fu)的(de)新渠道。
桐柏(bo)縣(xian)位于千(qian)里(li)淮河之源,桐柏(bo)山腹(fu)地,是我(wo)國南(nan)北(bei)氣(qi)候過(guo)渡帶,具有得(de)天獨厚的生態(tai)優勢(shi)和自然條件,適(shi)宜發(fa)展(zhan)香椿(chun)(chun)種(zhong)植。近年來(lai),隨(sui)著市(shi)場需求的不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)加大(da),作為高效(xiao)特色經濟作物,香椿(chun)(chun)得(de)到進一步保護和開發(fa),栽培水平和加工工藝(yi)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提升,種(zhong)植規模不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da)。該縣(xian)由淮源生態(tai)香椿(chun)(chun)產(chan)業協會牽頭(tou),對(dui)香椿(chun)(chun)實施了標準化種(zhong)植,產(chan)業化加工,品(pin)牌(pai)化經營,已開發(fa)出“香椿(chun)(chun)茶”、“香椿(chun)(chun)醬”等特色產(chan)品(pin)熱銷北(bei)京、上(shang)海(hai)、山東(dong)等多(duo)個省市(shi)。目前(qian),該縣(xian)已建成500畝以上(shang)標準化基地7個,發(fa)展(zhan)香椿(chun)(chun)種(zhong)植面積11000余(yu)畝,年產(chan)值達5000多(duo)萬元,帶動3000多(duo)名(ming)老區(qu)貧困農民實現脫貧致富。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang):斜(xie)貫全境的(de)桐(tong)柏山(shan)(shan)(shan)是構成全縣(xian)地(di)貌的(de)骨架,主(zhu)(zhu)脈沿(yan)線(xian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)高谷深,溝窄坡陡,主(zhu)(zhu)峰太白頂海拔1140m,雄偉(wei)壯觀。余(yu)脈伸(shen)至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部、北(bei)(bei)部和(he)(he)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部,呈指狀(zhuang)放(fang)射(she),形成大(da)(da)(da)(da)面(mian)積淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)丘(qiu)陵,800多個(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling),700多條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)崗(gang)丘(qiu)相接相連遍布全縣(xian)。地(di)勢東(dong)南較高,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部突(tu)起,東(dong)西(xi)兩側漸低,山(shan)(shan)(shan)、崗(gang)、丘(qiu)、平(ping)交錯分(fen)布,平(ping)均海拔500m左右(you),素有(you)“七山(shan)(shan)(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)二分(fen)田”之稱(cheng)。全縣(xian)共(gong)有(you)3個(ge)土(tu)(tu)類(lei),9個(ge)亞(ya)類(lei),18個(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬(shu),74個(ge)土(tu)(tu)種。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)積最大(da)(da)(da)(da),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)、丘(qiu)陵、緩崗(gang),占全縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)積的(de)82.8%,是主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的(de)林業土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)。成土(tu)(tu)母巖為花崗(gang)巖、片麻巖,包(bao)括黃(huang)(huang)(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)粗骨性(xing)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、粗骨性(xing)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)4個(ge)亞(ya)類(lei);潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)類(lei)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)三夾河、淮(huai)河及其(qi)支流(liu)(liu)沿(yan)岸,占總(zong) 面(mian)積的(de)3.32%;水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆地(di)河流(liu)(liu)兩岸洼地(di),占總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)13.87%,是種植業土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體。 (2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang):桐(tong)柏縣(xian)分(fen)屬(shu)淮(huai)河、長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)兩大(da)(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,以(yi)淮(huai)源鎮固(gu)廟村的(de)西(xi)嶺(ling)和(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)(da)河鎮土(tu)(tu)門村的(de)新坡嶺(ling)一線(xian)為分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling),以(yi)東(dong)屬(shu)淮(huai)河流(liu)(liu)域(yu),面(mian)積1320km2,以(yi)西(xi)屬(shu)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu),面(mian)積621km2。縣(xian)內河流(liu)(liu)交錯,澗(jian)溪密布,共(gong)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小河流(liu)(liu)58條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淮(huai)河流(liu)(liu)域(yu)32條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)26條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積在(zai)100km2以(yi)上的(de)河流(liu)(liu)9條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),屬(shu)于淮(huai)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)5條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),屬(shu)于長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)4條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。縣(xian)內共(gong)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)79座,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容量(liang)11508萬m3。庫(ku)(ku)容量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于1000萬m3的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)有(you)趙莊水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、二郎山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku),另(ling)有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)灌站60余(yu)處。全縣(xian)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)年(nian)均7.56億m3,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)約(yue)0.5億m3,地(di)表徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)可利(li)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)約(yue)2.6億m3,現(xian)狀(zhuang)利(li)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)約(yue)1.8億m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源較為豐富,灌溉條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)良好(hao)。 (3)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang):桐(tong)柏縣(xian)地(di)處北(bei)(bei)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)北(bei)(bei)部邊緣,屬(shu)季(ji)(ji)風型(xing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)陸性(xing)半(ban)濕潤氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),兼有(you)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)和(he)(he)暖(nuan)溫帶(dai)(dai)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特(te)點(dian),四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明,溫暖(nuan)濕潤,雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。年(nian)平(ping)均日照時數(shu)2027小時,年(nian)均太陽總(zong)輻(fu)射(she)量(liang)112.06千卡(ka)/cm2,光合有(you)效(xiao)輻(fu)射(she)54.91千卡(ka)/cm2。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫15℃,≥10℃的(de)活動積溫4811℃,無霜期211--231天,年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)933--1181mm,年(nian)均相對(dui)濕度74%,對(dui)林木生長(chang)(chang)十(shi)分(fen)有(you)利(li)。橫(heng)貫東(dong)西(xi)的(de)桐(tong)柏山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),野生香椿數(shu)不勝(sheng)數(shu)。
三.地域范圍
全(quan)縣以淺山、丘陵為主,地處(chu)東經(jing)113°00′--113°49′,北(bei)緯32°17′--32°43′之間,東西長(chang)約(yue)76.1km,南北(bei)寬約(yue)49.3km,土(tu)地總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1915km2。東與信陽(yang)市平橋區(qu)接壤,西同南陽(yang)市唐河縣相連,北(bei)和駐(zhu)馬店的泌陽(yang)、確山為鄰,南與湖北(bei)省(sheng)的棗(zao)陽(yang)、隨州交界。桐柏香椿(Toona sinensis)地域(yu)保(bao)護范圍包括(kuo)回龍、淮源鎮(zhen)等14個鄉鎮(zhen)(園(yuan)區(qu)),33個行政村,保(bao)護區(qu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)10.029萬畝,年產量1.25萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官特征:“桐柏(bo)香椿(chun)(chun)”芽肥(fei)葉(xie)厚(hou),色澤紫紅,香脆可口,氣味(wei)濃郁。 (2)內在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao):據農業(ye)部(bu)農產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督檢驗(yan)測試中(zhong)心(xin)(鄭州)等單(dan)位(wei)對桐柏(bo)香椿(chun)(chun)的檢測結果(guo)顯示:含蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)7.05--7.08g/100g,維(wei)生(sheng)素B10.0286--0.0326mg/100g、維(wei)生(sheng)素C38.2--38.6mg/100g、鉀5.05--5.56*103mg/kg、鈉6.3--6.8mg/kg。 (3)安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求:產(chan)地環(huan)境必(bi)須符(fu)合《無(wu)公害農產(chan)品(pin) 種(zhong)植業(ye)產(chan)地環(huan)境條件》(NY T 5010-2016)標(biao)準(zhun),禁止(zhi)使用未(wei)依法登記和國家(jia)明(ming)令禁止(zhi)使用的農業(ye)投入品(pin),推(tui)行(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan),切(qie)實(shi)保障香椿(chun)(chun)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)。
五.特定生產方式
本(ben)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)內容主(zhu)要(yao)表述影響登記產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)、特(te)色(se)形成和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)式: (1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特(te)殊內容規(gui)定:對(dui)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)要(yao)求(qiu)并(bing)不嚴格,除過(guo)(guo)(guo)酸或過(guo)(guo)(guo)堿(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)以(yi)外,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)都能種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),但是(shi)光(guang)照不足、易旱(han)易漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)不宜(yi)栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。選(xuan)擇(ze)遠離污染(ran)源并(bing)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)可持續生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區域,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條(tiao)件符合《無公害(hai)(hai)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin) 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條(tiao)件》(NY T 5010-2016)標(biao)準,以(yi)沙質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)含腐植(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)最好,尤其是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦、陽光(guang)充足、質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)疏(shu)(shu)松、便于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)排(pai)(pai)灌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)更有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)不準使用(yong)工(gong)業廢(fei)棄物、城市垃圾和(he)(he)污泥;不得使用(yong)未經發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵腐熟(shu)、未達(da)到(dao)無害(hai)(hai)化指標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)畜糞便等(deng)(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料,防(fang)(fang)止污染(ran)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境。 (2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特(te)定要(yao)求(qiu):桐(tong)柏(bo)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)主(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為“桐(tong)柏(bo)紅油椿(chun)(chun)”植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)高約90--150cm左(zuo)右,雌雄異株(zhu)(zhu),葉(xie)(xie)呈(cheng)偶(ou)數(shu)羽(yu)狀復葉(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)幼嫩(nen)是(shi)紅褐(he)色(se),具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)濃郁香(xiang)(xiang)味,圓錐花(hua)序(xu),兩性花(hua)白(bai)色(se),果實(shi)是(shi)橢圓形蒴(shuo)果,翅(chi)狀種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)可以(yi)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)。具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)適應(ying)性強(qiang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量高,抗旱(han)、抗澇、抗風、抗病蟲(chong)能力強(qiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)特(te)點。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程管理(li):桐(tong)柏(bo)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程包括整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)、繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)、田間管理(li)、病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲(huo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)步(bu)驟。具(ju)(ju)體如下: ①整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di) 整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)要(yao)深(shen)耕(geng)、耙(pa)平(ping)、作(zuo)畦。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)當年春(chun)季3月下旬--4月上(shang)(shang)旬進(jin)(jin)行。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)應(ying)作(zuo)成0.5m--1m寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畦,同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)好排(pai)(pai)灌水(shui)溝,便于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)排(pai)(pai)灌。 ②繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi) 香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)矮化密(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei):播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率較(jiao)(jiao)低,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian),要(yao)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)在(zai)30--35℃溫水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡24小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),撈起后(hou),置于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)25℃環(huan)境催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)。至(zhi)胚根(gen)(gen)露(lu)出米粒大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)溫在(zai)5℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang))一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)3月上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬。出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou),2--3片(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),4--5片(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),株(zhu)(zhu)行距為60x80cm。 矮化密(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)培(pei):這是(shi)近年來發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei)方(fang)式,它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)法與(yu)普(pu)通(tong)裁培(pei)相(xiang)同,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每666.7m2栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)1300株(zhu)(zhu)左(zuo)右。樹型可按(an)照叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)型培(pei)養,在(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高1m左(zuo)右時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即去(qu)頂(ding)(ding)梢,新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)枝(zhi)(zhi)只采嫩(nen)葉(xie)(xie)不去(qu)頂(ding)(ding)芽(ya)(ya),待枝(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)20--30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再抹頭。特(te)點是(shi)樹干(gan)(gan)較(jiao)(jiao)矮,分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)多。 ③田間管理(li) 間苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)補苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):為了獲(huo)得高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),田間留苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)必須保(bao)(bao)持一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)。密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da),分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)下部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)易脫落;密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)小(xiao)(xiao),基(ji)本(ben)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)不足,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量受到(dao)限制。因此一(yi)(yi)(yi)定要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好勻密(mi)(mi)補稀(xi)(xi)工(gong)作(zuo),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)留苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)1300株(zhu)(zhu),株(zhu)(zhu)行距為60x80cm。 中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除草:早春(chun)氣(qi)溫較(jiao)(jiao)低,雜草發(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang),應(ying)抓(zhua)住有(you)(you)利墑情(qing),淺中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除草2次--3次。近根(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)淺鋤(chu),行間可略(lve)深(shen)些,不能傷(shang)及干(gan)(gan)根(gen)(gen)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除草,減(jian)少土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)、養分(fen)(fen)(fen)消耗,提高土(tu)(tu)溫,改善土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)通(tong)氣(qi) 條(tiao)件,促進(jin)(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。頭茬(cha)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)收獲(huo)后(hou),淺鋤(chu)1遍(bian),清(qing)除雜草,利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。 施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):每畝(mu)用(yong)腐熟(shu)細碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,或三元復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg開(kai)(kai)穴施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru),使香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)有(you)(you)足夠養料供應(ying),健壯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):立夏前(qian)后(hou),氣(qi)溫上(shang)(shang)升,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)速度(du)(du)加快,光(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong)旺盛,葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)增多,枝(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)開(kai)(kai)始分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi),應(ying)重施(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),并(bing)要(yao)氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)配合施(shi)(shi)用(yong),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)畝(mu)用(yong)優質(zhi)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg,雨前(qian)行間開(kai)(kai)穴或開(kai)(kai)溝施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)。化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定要(yao)露(lu)水(shui)干(gan)(gan)后(hou)或雨前(qian)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)無水(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong),以(yi)防(fang)(fang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料粘到(dao)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang),灼(zhuo)傷(shang)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian),不能單純重施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)素化肥(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)防(fang)(fang)莖葉(xie)(xie)徒長(chang)(chang),影響嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量。速效(xiao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)在(zai)嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)收獲(huo)前(qian)15--20d施(shi)(shi)。 水(shui)份管理(li):香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期需要(yao)充足水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen),如遇天(tian)(tian)旱(han),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)干(gan)(gan)燥,嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)緩慢,須采取澆水(shui)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。澆水(shui)宜(yi)在(zai)早、晚進(jin)(jin)行,做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)無積水(shui)為宜(yi)。 摘心:植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)稀(xi)(xi)疏(shu)(shu),密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)不足,在(zai)5月份中(zhong)(zhong)午晴天(tian)(tian)摘去(qu)頂(ding)(ding)心,從(cong)頂(ding)(ding)上(shang)(shang)二層幼葉(xie)(xie)摘去(qu),并(bing)追施(shi)(shi)1次速效(xiao)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei),促進(jin)(jin)新(xin)(xin)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。 ④病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)毛蟲(chong)、云斑天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)、草履介殼(ke)蟲(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng),可用(yong)滅(mie)幼脲等(deng)(deng)(deng)農藥防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);病害(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)葉(xie)(xie)銹(xiu)病、白(bai)粉(fen)病等(deng)(deng)(deng),可用(yong)波(bo)爾多液(ye)、石硫(liu)合劑等(deng)(deng)(deng)藥劑防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法貫徹預防(fang)(fang)為主(zhu)、綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。 (4)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲(huo)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定:選(xuan)晴天(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)午10時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)--下午3時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)采收。徒手掰下嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya),15--20個嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)集中(zhong)(zhong)扎成小(xiao)(xiao)把,捆扎時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)齊,不可暴(bao)曬(shai)。忌雨淋和(he)(he)夜露(lu),外加包裝貯運,放陰涼(liang)干(gan)(gan)燥處,防(fang)(fang)受潮發(fa)(fa)(fa)霉。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄要(yao)求(qiu):在(zai)整(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),設專人(ren)做(zuo)(zuo)好以(yi)下記錄:生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)點、農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱(cheng),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱(cheng)、方(fang)式、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量,施(shi)(shi)用(yong)農藥名稱(cheng)、方(fang)式、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)藥量,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲(huo)、倉儲、銷售等(deng)(deng)(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期、方(fang)式、數(shu)量等(deng)(deng)(deng)。