一.產品介紹
“桐柏香椿(chun)”產自南陽桐柏,葉(xie)厚(hou)芽(ya)嫩,綠(lv)葉(xie)紅(hong)邊,色如瑪瑙,香味濃郁(yu),營養豐富(fu),被譽為(wei)“山中珍品”。香椿(chun)是桐柏的(de)(de)鄉土(tu)(tu)樹種(zhong),當地在漢代即開(kai)始廣泛種(zhong)植,香椿(chun)在可供食(shi)用的(de)(de)同時,也是園林(lin)綠(lv)化和保持(chi)水土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)優良樹種(zhong),具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)生態效益(yi)、經濟效益(yi)和社(she)會效益(yi),現已成為(wei)老區農民增收致富(fu)的(de)(de)新渠道。
桐(tong)柏(bo)縣(xian)(xian)位于千(qian)里淮河(he)之源,桐(tong)柏(bo)山腹(fu)地,是我(wo)國南(nan)北(bei)氣候過渡帶(dai),具(ju)有得天(tian)獨厚(hou)的生態優(you)勢和(he)自然條件(jian),適宜發(fa)展香(xiang)椿(chun)種植(zhi)(zhi)。近(jin)年(nian)來,隨著市場需求的不斷(duan)加(jia)大(da),作為高效特(te)色(se)經(jing)濟作物,香(xiang)椿(chun)得到進一步保(bao)護和(he)開(kai)發(fa),栽培(pei)水平和(he)加(jia)工工藝不斷(duan)提升,種植(zhi)(zhi)規模不斷(duan)擴大(da)。該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)由淮源生態香(xiang)椿(chun)產(chan)業(ye)協會牽頭,對香(xiang)椿(chun)實(shi)施了(le)標(biao)準化種植(zhi)(zhi),產(chan)業(ye)化加(jia)工,品(pin)牌化經(jing)營,已開(kai)發(fa)出“香(xiang)椿(chun)茶”、“香(xiang)椿(chun)醬”等特(te)色(se)產(chan)品(pin)熱銷北(bei)京、上(shang)海、山東等多個省市。目前(qian),該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)已建(jian)成500畝(mu)以上(shang)標(biao)準化基地7個,發(fa)展香(xiang)椿(chun)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)11000余畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)值達5000多萬元,帶(dai)動(dong)3000多名老(lao)區貧困農民實(shi)現(xian)脫(tuo)貧致(zhi)富。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況(kuang):斜貫(guan)全(quan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桐(tong)柏山(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)構成(cheng)全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)貌(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨架,主脈(mo)沿線山(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)谷深,溝窄坡陡,主峰太白頂海拔1140m,雄偉壯觀。余(yu)脈(mo)伸至中部(bu)(bu)、北部(bu)(bu)和東(dong)(dong)北部(bu)(bu),呈(cheng)指狀(zhuang)(zhuang)放射,形成(cheng)大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)和丘陵(ling),800多(duo)個(ge)(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)(ling),700多(duo)條(tiao)崗丘相接相連遍(bian)布(bu)(bu)全(quan)縣(xian)。地(di)勢東(dong)(dong)南(nan)較高(gao),中部(bu)(bu)突起,東(dong)(dong)西兩(liang)(liang)側漸低(di),山(shan)(shan)(shan)、崗、丘、平交錯(cuo)分布(bu)(bu),平均(jun)(jun)海拔500m左右,素有“七山(shan)(shan)(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)二分田”之稱。全(quan)縣(xian)共(gong)有3個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類,9個(ge)(ge)亞類,18個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu),74個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)種。其中黃(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)最大(da)(da),主要分布(bu)(bu)在低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、丘陵(ling)、緩(huan)崗,占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)82.8%,是(shi)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)林業土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)。成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母巖為(wei)花崗巖、片麻巖,包括黃(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)、黃(huang)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和粗(cu)骨性黃(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)、粗(cu)骨性黃(huang)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)4個(ge)(ge)亞類;潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類主要分布(bu)(bu)在三(san)夾河(he)(he)、淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)及其支流(liu)(liu)(liu)沿岸,占(zhan)總(zong)(zong) 面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.32%;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)主要分布(bu)(bu)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)兩(liang)(liang)岸洼(wa)地(di),占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)13.87%,是(shi)種植業土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主體。 (2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang):桐(tong)柏縣(xian)分屬(shu)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)、長(chang)江(jiang)兩(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,以淮(huai)(huai)源鎮(zhen)固廟村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西嶺(ling)(ling)和大(da)(da)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)門村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)坡嶺(ling)(ling)一線為(wei)分水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling)(ling),以東(dong)(dong)屬(shu)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu),面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1320km2,以西屬(shu)長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu),面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)621km2。縣(xian)內(nei)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)交錯(cuo),澗溪密布(bu)(bu),共(gong)有大(da)(da)小河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)58條(tiao),其中淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)32條(tiao),長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)26條(tiao)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)在100km2以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)9條(tiao),屬(shu)于(yu)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5條(tiao),屬(shu)于(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4條(tiao)。縣(xian)內(nei)共(gong)有中小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)79座,總(zong)(zong)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容量(liang)11508萬(wan)m3。庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)1000萬(wan)m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)有趙莊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)、二郎山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku),另有水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電灌站60余(yu)處(chu)(chu)。全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)年(nian)均(jun)(jun)7.56億(yi)(yi)m3,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)約(yue)0.5億(yi)(yi)m3,地(di)表(biao)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)可利用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)約(yue)2.6億(yi)(yi)m3,現狀(zhuang)(zhuang)利用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)約(yue)1.8億(yi)(yi)m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源較為(wei)豐(feng)富,灌溉條(tiao)件良好。 (3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang):桐(tong)柏縣(xian)地(di)處(chu)(chu)北亞熱帶北部(bu)(bu)邊緣,屬(shu)季風(feng)型(xing)大(da)(da)陸性半濕潤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,兼有亞熱帶和暖溫帶氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)點,四季分明,溫暖濕潤,雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)適中。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時數(shu)(shu)2027小時,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)太陽總(zong)(zong)輻射量(liang)112.06千卡/cm2,光合(he)有效(xiao)輻射54.91千卡/cm2。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫15℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動積(ji)(ji)(ji)溫4811℃,無霜(shuang)期211--231天,年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)933--1181mm,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)相對濕度74%,對林木生長(chang)十分有利。橫貫(guan)東(dong)(dong)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桐(tong)柏山(shan)(shan)(shan)中,野生香(xiang)椿數(shu)(shu)不勝數(shu)(shu)。
三.地域范圍
全(quan)縣(xian)以淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)、丘(qiu)陵為(wei)主,地(di)(di)處東(dong)經(jing)113°00′--113°49′,北緯32°17′--32°43′之間,東(dong)西(xi)長約76.1km,南(nan)(nan)北寬約49.3km,土地(di)(di)總(zong)面積1915km2。東(dong)與信陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市平橋區接壤,西(xi)同南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市唐河縣(xian)相連,北和駐(zhu)馬(ma)店的(de)泌陽(yang)(yang)(yang)、確山(shan)(shan)為(wei)鄰,南(nan)(nan)與湖北省(sheng)的(de)棗(zao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)、隨(sui)州(zhou)交界。桐柏香椿(Toona sinensis)地(di)(di)域(yu)保(bao)護范圍包括回龍、淮源(yuan)鎮(zhen)等(deng)14個鄉鎮(zhen)(園區),33個行政村(cun),保(bao)護區域(yu)面積10.029萬畝,年產量1.25萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外(wai)在感官特征:“桐柏香椿”芽肥葉厚,色澤(ze)紫紅,香脆可口,氣味濃郁。 (2)內在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao):據農(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量監督檢驗測試(shi)中(zhong)心(鄭州)等單(dan)位對桐柏香椿的(de)檢測結果顯示:含(han)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)7.05--7.08g/100g,維(wei)生(sheng)素B10.0286--0.0326mg/100g、維(wei)生(sheng)素C38.2--38.6mg/100g、鉀5.05--5.56*103mg/kg、鈉6.3--6.8mg/kg。 (3)安(an)全(quan)要求:產(chan)地環境必須符合《無公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin) 種植業(ye)產(chan)地環境條件》(NY T 5010-2016)標(biao)準,禁止使(shi)用未依法登記(ji)和國家明(ming)令禁止使(shi)用的(de)農(nong)業(ye)投入品(pin),推行標(biao)準化生(sheng)產(chan),切實保障香椿質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)。
五.特定生產方式
本(ben)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)內(nei)容主要(yao)(yao)表(biao)述影響登記(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)、特(te)(te)(te)色形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)保持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi): (1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與特(te)(te)(te)殊內(nei)容規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding):對土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)要(yao)(yao)求并不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)格(ge),除過(guo)(guo)酸或(huo)(huo)(huo)過(guo)(guo)堿(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以外,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)都(dou)能種(zhong)植,但是(shi)光照不(bu)(bu)足、易旱(han)易漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)栽種(zhong)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)遠離污(wu)(wu)染源并具有(you)(you)(you)(you)可持續生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區域,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條(tiao)件符合(he)(he)《無公害(hai)(hai)(hai)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin) 種(zhong)植業產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條(tiao)件》(NY T 5010-2016)標準(zhun),以沙質(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)和(he)(he)含腐植質(zhi)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)最好,尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)坦(tan)、陽光充(chong)足、質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)疏(shu)松、便于排灌(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)更有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工業廢(fei)棄物、城市垃圾(ji)和(he)(he)污(wu)(wu)泥;不(bu)(bu)得(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)未(wei)經發(fa)酵腐熟、未(wei)達到無害(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)畜糞便等(deng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)料,防(fang)(fang)止污(wu)(wu)染產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境。 (2)品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)求:桐柏香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)主栽品(pin)種(zhong)為“桐柏紅油(you)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)”植株(zhu)高(gao)約90--150cm左右(you),雌雄異株(zhu),葉(xie)(xie)呈偶數羽(yu)狀復葉(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)幼(you)嫩(nen)(nen)是(shi)紅褐色,具有(you)(you)(you)(you)濃郁香(xiang)味,圓錐(zhui)花序(xu),兩(liang)性(xing)(xing)花白(bai)色,果(guo)實是(shi)橢圓形(xing)蒴果(guo),翅狀種(zhong)子(zi),種(zhong)子(zi)可以繁殖(zhi)。具有(you)(you)(you)(you)適應性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)高(gao),抗旱(han)、抗澇、抗風、抗病蟲能力強(qiang)等(deng)特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程管(guan)理(li)(li):桐柏香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程包括整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)、繁殖(zhi)、田間(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)(li)、病蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲等(deng)步驟。具體如下(xia): ①整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di) 整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)深(shen)耕、耙(pa)平(ping)(ping)、作畦(qi)(qi)。于當年(nian)(nian)春季(ji)3月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬--4月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬進行。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)應作成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.5m--1m寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畦(qi)(qi),同時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)好排灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)(gou),便于排灌(guan)。 ②繁殖(zhi) 香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁殖(zhi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)播(bo)種(zhong)繁殖(zhi)和(he)(he)矮(ai)化(hua)密(mi)(mi)(mi)植兩(liang)種(zhong)。 播(bo)種(zhong)栽培(pei):播(bo)種(zhong)繁殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)于香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)種(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率較(jiao)(jiao)低,播(bo)種(zhong)前(qian),要(yao)(yao)將種(zhong)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30--35℃溫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡24小時(shi)(shi),撈起后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),置于25℃環(huan)境催芽(ya)(ya)。至胚根露出(chu)米粒大小時(shi)(shi)播(bo)種(zhong)(播(bo)種(zhong)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)溫在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5℃以上(shang))一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬。出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),2--3片(pian)(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao),4--5片(pian)(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)苗(miao)(miao),株(zhu)行距為60x80cm。 矮(ai)化(hua)密(mi)(mi)(mi)植栽培(pei):這是(shi)近年(nian)(nian)來發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)栽培(pei)方式(shi),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗(miao)(miao)方法與普通裁(cai)培(pei)相同,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)666.7m2栽植1300株(zhu)左右(you)。樹型可按照叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)型培(pei)養(yang)(yang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)高(gao)1m左右(you)時(shi)(shi)即去(qu)頂梢,新發(fa)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)只采嫩(nen)(nen)葉(xie)(xie)不(bu)(bu)去(qu)頂芽(ya)(ya),待(dai)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20--30cm時(shi)(shi)再抹頭。特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)是(shi)樹干較(jiao)(jiao)矮(ai),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)。 ③田間(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)(li) 間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)補(bu)(bu)苗(miao)(miao):為了獲得(de)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),田間(jian)(jian)留苗(miao)(miao)必須保持一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度。密(mi)(mi)(mi)度過(guo)(guo)大,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)易脫落;密(mi)(mi)(mi)度過(guo)(guo)小,基本(ben)苗(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)足,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)受到限(xian)制(zhi)。因此一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好勻密(mi)(mi)(mi)補(bu)(bu)稀工作,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)留苗(miao)(miao)1300株(zhu),株(zhu)行距為60x80cm。 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕除草(cao)(cao):早春氣(qi)溫較(jiao)(jiao)低,雜草(cao)(cao)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),應抓住有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)墑情(qing),淺(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕除草(cao)(cao)2次(ci)--3次(ci)。近根部(bu)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)淺(qian)(qian)鋤,行間(jian)(jian)可略(lve)深(shen)些,不(bu)(bu)能傷及干根。通過(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕除草(cao)(cao),減少土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、養(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)消耗(hao),提高(gao)土(tu)溫,改善(shan)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)通氣(qi) 條(tiao)件,促進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。頭茬香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)收(shou)獲后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),淺(qian)(qian)鋤1遍,清(qing)除雜草(cao)(cao),利(li)于香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei):基肥(fei):每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)腐熟細碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)500kg,或(huo)(huo)(huo)三(san)元復合(he)(he)肥(fei)20kg開(kai)(kai)穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru),使(shi)香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)苗(miao)(miao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)足夠養(yang)(yang)料供應,健(jian)壯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei):立(li)夏(xia)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),氣(qi)溫上(shang)升,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)速(su)(su)度加快,光合(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)旺盛,葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)增多(duo),枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),應重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei),并要(yao)(yao)氮(dan)、磷、鉀肥(fei)配合(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)優質(zhi)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)25kg,雨(yu)前(qian)行間(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)穴或(huo)(huo)(huo)開(kai)(kai)溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)。化(hua)肥(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)露水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)雨(yu)前(qian)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)無水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),以防(fang)(fang)肥(fei)料粘到葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang),灼(zhuo)傷葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian),不(bu)(bu)能單純重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)素化(hua)肥(fei),以防(fang)(fang)莖(jing)葉(xie)(xie)徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)(chang),影響嫩(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)。速(su)(su)效肥(fei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)嫩(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)收(shou)獲前(qian)15--20d施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)份(fen)(fen)管(guan)理(li)(li):香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)嫩(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期需要(yao)(yao)充(chong)足水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),如遇天(tian)(tian)旱(han),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)干燥,嫩(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)緩慢,須采取(qu)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)早、晚(wan)進行,做(zuo)到無積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。 摘心:植株(zhu)稀疏(shu),密(mi)(mi)(mi)度不(bu)(bu)足,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)午(wu)晴天(tian)(tian)摘去(qu)頂心,從頂上(shang)二(er)層(ceng)幼(you)葉(xie)(xie)摘去(qu),并追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1次(ci)速(su)(su)效化(hua)肥(fei),促進新芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。 ④病蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)毛蟲、云斑天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)、草(cao)(cao)履介殼蟲等(deng),可用(yong)(yong)(yong)滅幼(you)脲(niao)等(deng)農藥(yao)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi);病害(hai)(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)葉(xie)(xie)銹病、白(bai)粉病等(deng),可用(yong)(yong)(yong)波爾多(duo)液、石硫合(he)(he)劑(ji)等(deng)藥(yao)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)方法貫徹預防(fang)(fang)為主、綜合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。 (4)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)處理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding):選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)晴天(tian)(tian)上(shang)午(wu)10時(shi)(shi)前(qian)--下(xia)午(wu)3時(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)采收(shou)。徒(tu)手掰下(xia)嫩(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya),15--20個嫩(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)扎成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小把,捆扎時(shi)(shi)基部(bu)對齊,不(bu)(bu)可暴曬。忌雨(yu)淋(lin)和(he)(he)夜露,外加包裝貯運(yun),放陰(yin)涼干燥處,防(fang)(fang)受潮發(fa)霉。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)(yao)求:在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),設專人(ren)做(zuo)好以下(xia)記(ji)錄:生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕作,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)名稱(cheng)、方式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥(yao)名稱(cheng)、方式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)(liang),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲、倉儲、銷售(shou)等(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期、方式(shi)、數量(liang)(liang)等(deng)。