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一.產品介紹

“桐柏(bo)香椿”產自南陽桐柏(bo)，葉(xie)厚(hou)芽嫩，綠葉(xie)紅邊，色如(ru)瑪瑙，香味濃郁，營(ying)養豐(feng)富(fu)，被譽為“山中(zhong)珍品”。香椿是(shi)桐柏(bo)的(de)鄉土樹種(zhong)，當地在漢(han)代(dai)即開始廣泛種(zhong)植，香椿在可供食用(yong)的(de)同時，也是(shi)園林綠化和保持水土的(de)優良(liang)樹種(zhong)，具有良(liang)好(hao)的(de)生態(tai)效(xiao)益、經濟效(xiao)益和社(she)會效(xiao)益，現已成為老區農民增收致(zhi)富(fu)的(de)新渠道。

桐柏縣位于(yu)千里淮(huai)(huai)河之(zhi)源(yuan)，桐柏山(shan)(shan)腹地，是我(wo)國南北(bei)氣候過(guo)渡帶，具(ju)有得(de)(de)天(tian)獨厚的生態優勢和(he)自然條件，適宜發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)香(xiang)椿種植(zhi)(zhi)。近年(nian)來，隨(sui)著市(shi)場需求的不斷(duan)加大，作為(wei)高效特色經濟(ji)作物(wu),香(xiang)椿得(de)(de)到進一步(bu)保護和(he)開發(fa)，栽培水平和(he)加工(gong)工(gong)藝不斷(duan)提升(sheng)，種植(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模不斷(duan)擴大。該縣由淮(huai)(huai)源(yuan)生態香(xiang)椿產(chan)業(ye)協會(hui)牽頭，對香(xiang)椿實施了(le)標準化種植(zhi)(zhi)，產(chan)業(ye)化加工(gong)，品牌化經營，已開發(fa)出“香(xiang)椿茶”、“香(xiang)椿醬(jiang)”等(deng)特色產(chan)品熱銷北(bei)京(jing)、上海(hai)、山(shan)(shan)東等(deng)多(duo)個省市(shi)。目前，該縣已建成500畝(mu)以上標準化基地7個，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)香(xiang)椿種植(zhi)(zhi)面積11000余畝(mu)，年(nian)產(chan)值達(da)5000多(duo)萬元，帶動3000多(duo)名老區貧困農民實現脫貧致富。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌(mao)情(qing)況：斜貫全(quan)境的(de)(de)(de)桐柏山(shan)(shan)(shan)是構成(cheng)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地貌(mao)的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)架，主(zhu)脈(mo)沿線山(shan)(shan)(shan)高谷深(shen)，溝窄坡(po)陡，主(zhu)峰太白頂(ding)海(hai)拔1140m，雄(xiong)偉壯觀。余(yu)脈(mo)伸至中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)東北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)，呈指狀放射，形成(cheng)大(da)面積(ji)(ji)淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)丘(qiu)陵，800多個山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)(ling)，700多條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)崗(gang)(gang)丘(qiu)相接(jie)相連(lian)遍(bian)布(bu)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。地勢東南較高，中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)突起，東西兩(liang)(liang)側漸低，山(shan)(shan)(shan)、崗(gang)(gang)、丘(qiu)、平(ping)交(jiao)錯(cuo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)，平(ping)均(jun)海(hai)拔500m左右，素有(you)(you)“七山(shan)(shan)(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)二分(fen)(fen)(fen)田”之稱。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)共有(you)(you)3個土(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)，9個亞(ya)類(lei)，18個土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu)，74個土(tu)(tu)(tu)種(zhong)。其中(zhong)黃(huang)(huang)棕壤面積(ji)(ji)最大(da)，主(zhu)要分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)、丘(qiu)陵、緩崗(gang)(gang)，占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)82.8%，是主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)林業(ye)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤。成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)母(mu)巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)花崗(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)、片(pian)麻巖(yan)(yan)，包括黃(huang)(huang)棕壤、黃(huang)(huang)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)粗骨(gu)性(xing)黃(huang)(huang)棕壤、粗骨(gu)性(xing)黃(huang)(huang)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)4個亞(ya)類(lei)；潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)主(zhu)要分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)三(san)夾河、淮(huai)(huai)河及其支流(liu)(liu)沿岸，占總 面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)3.32%；水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)主(zhu)要分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆地河流(liu)(liu)兩(liang)(liang)岸洼地，占總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)13.87%，是種(zhong)植業(ye)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體。 （2）水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況：桐柏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)淮(huai)(huai)河、長(chang)江(jiang)兩(liang)(liang)大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)，以淮(huai)(huai)源鎮固廟村的(de)(de)(de)西嶺(ling)(ling)和(he)大(da)河鎮土(tu)(tu)(tu)門(men)村的(de)(de)(de)新坡(po)嶺(ling)(ling)一線為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)，以東屬(shu)淮(huai)(huai)河流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)，面積(ji)(ji)1320km2，以西屬(shu)長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)，面積(ji)(ji)621km2。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內河流(liu)(liu)交(jiao)錯(cuo)，澗溪(xi)密布(bu)，共有(you)(you)大(da)小河流(liu)(liu)58條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，其中(zhong)淮(huai)(huai)河流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)32條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)26條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)面積(ji)(ji)在(zai)100km2以上的(de)(de)(de)河流(liu)(liu)9條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，屬(shu)于(yu)淮(huai)(huai)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)5條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，屬(shu)于(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)4條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內共有(you)(you)中(zhong)小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫79座，總庫容量(liang)11508萬m3。庫容量(liang)大(da)于(yu)1000萬m3的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫有(you)(you)趙莊(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、二郎山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，另有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電灌(guan)站60余(yu)處。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)(liu)總量(liang)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)7.56億m3，地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)約(yue)0.5億m3，地表(biao)(biao)徑流(liu)(liu)可(ke)利(li)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)約(yue)2.6億m3，現狀利(li)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)約(yue)1.8億m3，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源較為(wei)豐富，灌(guan)溉條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件良(liang)好。 （3）氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況：桐柏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地處北(bei)亞(ya)熱(re)帶北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)邊(bian)緣，屬(shu)季(ji)風(feng)型(xing)大(da)陸性(xing)半濕潤氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)，兼有(you)(you)亞(ya)熱(re)帶和(he)暖溫帶氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)點，四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)明(ming)，溫暖濕潤，雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)適中(zhong)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照時數(shu)2027小時，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)太陽總輻(fu)射量(liang)112.06千卡/cm2，光合(he)有(you)(you)效輻(fu)射54.91千卡/cm2。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫15℃，≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)積(ji)(ji)溫4811℃，無霜期211--231天(tian)，年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)933--1181mm，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)相對濕度(du)74%，對林木生長(chang)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)利(li)。橫貫東西的(de)(de)(de)桐柏山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)，野生香椿(chun)數(shu)不勝數(shu)。

三.地域范圍

全縣(xian)(xian)以淺山、丘陵為主，地處(chu)東(dong)經(jing)113°00′--113°49′，北緯32°17′--32°43′之間，東(dong)西長約(yue)76.1km，南(nan)北寬約(yue)49.3km，土(tu)地總(zong)面積(ji)1915km2。東(dong)與(yu)信陽(yang)市平橋區(qu)接壤，西同(tong)南(nan)陽(yang)市唐河縣(xian)(xian)相連，北和駐馬店(dian)的泌陽(yang)、確山為鄰，南(nan)與(yu)湖北省(sheng)的棗陽(yang)、隨州交界。桐柏香(xiang)椿（Toona sinensis）地域保(bao)護范圍包括回龍、淮源鎮等14個鄉(xiang)鎮（園(yuan)區(qu)），33個行政村，保(bao)護區(qu)域面積(ji)10.029萬(wan)畝，年(nian)產量1.25萬(wan)噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

（1）外(wai)在(zai)感官特征：“桐柏香椿”芽肥葉厚，色澤紫紅，香脆可口，氣味濃郁。 （2）內在(zai)品質指標：據(ju)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質量監督檢驗測(ce)試中心（鄭州）等(deng)單位對(dui)桐柏香椿的檢測(ce)結果顯示：含蛋(dan)白質7.05--7.08g/100g，維生素B10.0286--0.0326mg/100g、維生素C38.2--38.6mg/100g、鉀5.05--5.56*103mg/kg、鈉(na)6.3--6.8mg/kg。 （3）安(an)全要求：產(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)必(bi)須符(fu)合《無公害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品 種植(zhi)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)條件》（NY T 5010-2016）標準(zhun)，禁止(zhi)使用(yong)未依法登記和國家明令禁止(zhi)使用(yong)的農(nong)業(ye)(ye)投入品，推行(xing)標準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)，切實保(bao)障(zhang)香椿質量安(an)全。

五.特定生產方式

本部分內容(rong)主(zhu)要(yao)表述影響登(deng)記產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)、特(te)色(se)形(xing)成和(he)保(bao)持的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)定(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)： （1）產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與特(te)殊內容(rong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)：對土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)要(yao)求(qiu)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)格，除(chu)(chu)過(guo)酸(suan)或(huo)(huo)過(guo)堿的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)都能(neng)(neng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)，但(dan)是(shi)光照不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)、易(yi)旱(han)易(yi)漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。選(xuan)擇遠離污(wu)(wu)(wu)染源并(bing)具(ju)(ju)有(you)可持續(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區域，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件符合(he)(he)《無(wu)公害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin) 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件》（NY T 5010-2016）標準，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)沙(sha)質(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)含腐(fu)植(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)最好(hao)(hao)，尤其是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)勢平坦(tan)、陽光充(chong)足(zu)、質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)疏(shu)松、便于(yu)(yu)排(pai)灌(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)更(geng)有(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準使(shi)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)業(ye)廢棄物、城(cheng)市垃圾和(he)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得使(shi)用(yong)(yong)未經發酵(jiao)腐(fu)熟、未達到無(wu)害(hai)化(hua)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)人畜糞便等有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止污(wu)(wu)(wu)染產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)。 （2）品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特(te)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求(qiu)：桐柏香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿主(zhu)栽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)“桐柏紅油椿”植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)約90--150cm左(zuo)右，雌雄(xiong)異株(zhu)(zhu)，葉(xie)呈偶數羽狀復(fu)(fu)葉(xie)，葉(xie)片(pian)幼嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)是(shi)紅褐(he)色(se)，具(ju)(ju)有(you)濃郁香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味，圓(yuan)錐花序，兩性(xing)花白(bai)色(se)，果實是(shi)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)蒴果，翅狀種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。具(ju)(ju)有(you)適應(ying)(ying)性(xing)強、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量高(gao)，抗(kang)旱(han)、抗(kang)澇、抗(kang)風、抗(kang)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)能(neng)(neng)力強等特(te)點(dian)。 （3）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管理：桐柏香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程包括(kuo)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)、繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、田間(jian)(jian)(jian)管理、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)等步驟。具(ju)(ju)體(ti)如(ru)下(xia)(xia)： ①整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di) 整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)要(yao)深耕(geng)、耙平、作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)畦。于(yu)(yu)當年春季3月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)--4月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)應(ying)(ying)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成0.5m--1m寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)畦，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)好(hao)(hao)排(pai)灌(guan)水(shui)溝(gou)，便于(yu)(yu)排(pai)灌(guan)。 ②繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)矮化(hua)密(mi)(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽培(pei)：播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)由于(yu)(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發芽(ya)(ya)(ya)率較低，播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前，要(yao)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子在(zai)(zai)30--35℃溫(wen)水(shui)中浸泡(pao)24小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，撈起后(hou)(hou)，置于(yu)(yu)25℃環(huan)境(jing)(jing)催芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。至胚根(gen)(gen)(gen)露(lu)出(chu)(chu)米粒大小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)在(zai)(zai)5℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang))一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)上(shang)中旬(xun)(xun)。出(chu)(chu)苗后(hou)(hou)，2--3片(pian)葉(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)苗，4--5片(pian)葉(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)苗，株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)為(wei)60x80cm。 矮化(hua)密(mi)(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)栽培(pei)：這是(shi)近年來發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽培(pei)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗方(fang)(fang)法與普通裁培(pei)相同(tong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每666．7m2栽植(zhi)(zhi)1300株(zhu)(zhu)左(zuo)右。樹型可按照叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)型培(pei)養(yang)，在(zai)(zai)苗高(gao)1m左(zuo)右時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即去頂(ding)梢，新發枝(zhi)只(zhi)采嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)葉(xie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去頂(ding)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，待枝(zhi)長(chang)20--30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再(zai)抹頭(tou)。特(te)點(dian)是(shi)樹干(gan)較矮，分枝(zhi)較多(duo)(duo)(duo)。 ③田間(jian)(jian)(jian)管理 間(jian)(jian)(jian)苗補苗：為(wei)了獲(huo)(huo)得高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，田間(jian)(jian)(jian)留苗必須(xu)保(bao)持一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)過(guo)大，分枝(zhi)下(xia)(xia)部葉(xie)片(pian)易(yi)脫落；密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)過(guo)小(xiao)，基本苗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量受(shou)(shou)到限(xian)制。因(yin)此一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)做好(hao)(hao)勻密(mi)(mi)(mi)補稀工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝留苗1300株(zhu)(zhu)，株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)為(wei)60x80cm。 中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)：早春氣溫(wen)較低，雜(za)草(cao)發芽(ya)(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，應(ying)(ying)抓(zhua)住有(you)利(li)(li)墑情，淺(qian)中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)2次--3次。近根(gen)(gen)(gen)部宜(yi)(yi)淺(qian)鋤(chu)，行(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)可略深些，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)傷(shang)及干(gan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)。通過(guo)中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)，減少(shao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)水(shui)分、養(yang)分消耗，提(ti)高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)溫(wen)，改善土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)通氣 條(tiao)件，促(cu)進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。頭(tou)茬香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)，淺(qian)鋤(chu)1遍，清(qing)除(chu)(chu)雜(za)草(cao)，利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每畝用(yong)(yong)腐(fu)熟細碎(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg，或(huo)(huo)三元復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg開(kai)穴(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入，使(shi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿苗有(you)足(zu)夠(gou)養(yang)料(liao)供應(ying)(ying)，健壯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。分枝(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：立夏前后(hou)(hou)，氣溫(wen)上(shang)升，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)速度(du)(du)加(jia)快，光合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)旺盛(sheng)，葉(xie)片(pian)增多(duo)(duo)(duo)，枝(zhi)條(tiao)開(kai)始分枝(zhi)，應(ying)(ying)重施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次分枝(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，并(bing)要(yao)氮、磷、鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配合(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)畝用(yong)(yong)優質(zhi)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg，雨前行(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)開(kai)穴(xue)或(huo)(huo)開(kai)溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入。化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)露(lu)水(shui)干(gan)后(hou)(hou)或(huo)(huo)雨前葉(xie)片(pian)上(shang)無(wu)水(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)粘(zhan)到葉(xie)片(pian)上(shang)，灼(zhuo)傷(shang)葉(xie)片(pian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)單純重施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮素化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)莖葉(xie)徒長(chang)，影響嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量。速效(xiao)(xiao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)前15--20d施(shi)(shi)(shi)。 水(shui)份管理：香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期需(xu)要(yao)充(chong)足(zu)水(shui)分，如(ru)遇天旱(han)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)干(gan)燥，嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)緩(huan)慢，須(xu)采取澆水(shui)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。澆水(shui)宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)早、晚進(jin)行(xing)，做到無(wu)積水(shui)為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。 摘(zhai)心：植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)稀疏(shu)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，在(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)份中午晴(qing)天摘(zhai)去頂(ding)心，從頂(ding)上(shang)二層幼葉(xie)摘(zhai)去，并(bing)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)1次速效(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，促(cu)進(jin)新芽(ya)(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。 ④病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)有(you)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿毛蟲(chong)(chong)、云斑天牛、草(cao)履介殼蟲(chong)(chong)等，可用(yong)(yong)滅幼脲等農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；病(bing)害(hai)有(you)葉(xie)銹病(bing)、白(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)等，可用(yong)(yong)波爾(er)多(duo)(duo)(duo)液、石硫合(he)(he)劑等藥(yao)(yao)劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法貫徹(che)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)、綜(zong)合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。 （4）產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)(hou)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)：選(xuan)晴(qing)天上(shang)午10時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前--下(xia)(xia)午3時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)采收(shou)。徒手掰下(xia)(xia)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，15--20個嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)集中扎成小(xiao)把(ba)，捆(kun)扎時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基部對齊，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可暴曬。忌雨淋和(he)夜露(lu)，外加(jia)包裝(zhuang)貯運(yun)，放(fang)陰涼干(gan)燥處(chu)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)受(shou)(shou)潮發霉(mei)。 （5）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄要(yao)求(qiu)：在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中，設(she)專人做好(hao)(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)記錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量，施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)名(ming)稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)、倉儲、銷(xiao)售等項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日期、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、數量等。