一.產品介紹
“桐柏香(xiang)椿”產(chan)自(zi)南陽桐柏,葉(xie)厚芽嫩,綠葉(xie)紅邊,色如瑪瑙,香(xiang)味濃郁,營養豐富,被(bei)譽為“山中珍(zhen)品”。香(xiang)椿是(shi)桐柏的(de)(de)(de)鄉土(tu)樹種(zhong),當地(di)在漢代(dai)即開(kai)始廣泛種(zhong)植,香(xiang)椿在可供食用的(de)(de)(de)同時,也是(shi)園林綠化和(he)保持水土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)優良樹種(zhong),具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)生態效益(yi)、經濟效益(yi)和(he)社會效益(yi),現已成為老區農民增收致(zhi)富的(de)(de)(de)新渠道。
桐柏(bo)(bo)縣位于(yu)千(qian)里淮河之源(yuan),桐柏(bo)(bo)山(shan)腹(fu)地(di),是我國(guo)南北(bei)氣候過渡帶,具有得天獨厚的生態優勢和(he)自然條件,適(shi)宜(yi)發(fa)(fa)展香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)種植(zhi)。近年(nian)來,隨著市場需(xu)求的不(bu)(bu)斷加大,作為高效(xiao)特色經濟作物,香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)得到進一步保護和(he)開發(fa)(fa),栽培水平和(he)加工工藝不(bu)(bu)斷提升,種植(zhi)規(gui)模不(bu)(bu)斷擴大。該縣由淮源(yuan)生態香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)產業(ye)協會牽(qian)頭(tou),對香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)實施了(le)標(biao)準(zhun)化種植(zhi),產業(ye)化加工,品牌化經營,已開發(fa)(fa)出“香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)茶”、“香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)醬”等特色產品熱(re)銷北(bei)京、上海(hai)、山(shan)東等多個省市。目前(qian),該縣已建成500畝以上標(biao)準(zhun)化基地(di)7個,發(fa)(fa)展香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)種植(zhi)面積11000余(yu)畝,年(nian)產值達5000多萬元,帶動3000多名老區(qu)貧(pin)困農民實現脫貧(pin)致富。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang):斜貫全(quan)境的(de)(de)桐柏山(shan)是(shi)(shi)構(gou)成全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)貌的(de)(de)骨(gu)架,主(zhu)(zhu)脈沿線山(shan)高谷深,溝窄坡陡,主(zhu)(zhu)峰太(tai)白頂海(hai)拔1140m,雄(xiong)偉(wei)壯觀。余脈伸至(zhi)中部(bu)、北(bei)部(bu)和東(dong)北(bei)部(bu),呈指狀(zhuang)放(fang)射,形(xing)成大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)淺山(shan)和丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling),800多個山(shan)嶺(ling),700多條(tiao)(tiao)崗丘(qiu)相(xiang)(xiang)接相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)遍布(bu)全(quan)縣(xian)。地(di)勢(shi)東(dong)南較高,中部(bu)突(tu)起,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)側(ce)漸低,山(shan)、崗、丘(qiu)、平(ping)(ping)交(jiao)錯(cuo)分(fen)布(bu),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)海(hai)拔500m左右(you),素有(you)“七山(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)二分(fen)田”之稱(cheng)。全(quan)縣(xian)共(gong)有(you)3個土(tu)(tu)(tu)類,9個亞(ya)類,18個土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu)(shu),74個土(tu)(tu)(tu)種。其(qi)中黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最大(da)(da),主(zhu)(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在低山(shan)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)、緩崗,占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)82.8%,是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要的(de)(de)林業(ye)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)。成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母(mu)巖(yan)為花崗巖(yan)、片麻巖(yan),包括黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和粗骨(gu)性黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、粗骨(gu)性黃(huang)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)4個亞(ya)類;潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)類主(zhu)(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在三夾河(he)(he)、淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)及(ji)其(qi)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)沿岸,占(zhan)總(zong) 面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)3.32%;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)主(zhu)(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在山(shan)間盆地(di)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)兩(liang)岸洼地(di),占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)13.87%,是(shi)(shi)種植業(ye)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體。 (2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):桐柏縣(xian)分(fen)屬(shu)(shu)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)、長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)兩(liang)大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),以(yi)淮(huai)(huai)源(yuan)鎮(zhen)固廟村的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)嶺(ling)和大(da)(da)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)土(tu)(tu)(tu)門村的(de)(de)新坡嶺(ling)一線為分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling),以(yi)東(dong)屬(shu)(shu)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1320km2,以(yi)西(xi)(xi)屬(shu)(shu)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)621km2。縣(xian)內(nei)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)交(jiao)錯(cuo),澗溪密布(bu),共(gong)有(you)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)58條(tiao)(tiao),其(qi)中淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)32條(tiao)(tiao),長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)26條(tiao)(tiao)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在100km2以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)9條(tiao)(tiao),屬(shu)(shu)于淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)5條(tiao)(tiao),屬(shu)(shu)于長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)4條(tiao)(tiao)。縣(xian)內(nei)共(gong)有(you)中小(xiao)(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫79座(zuo),總(zong)庫容量(liang)(liang)11508萬m3。庫容量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于1000萬m3的(de)(de)中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫有(you)趙莊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、二郎山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,另有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電灌站60余處。全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)7.56億m3,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)約(yue)0.5億m3,地(di)表徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)可利用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)2.6億m3,現狀(zhuang)利用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)1.8億m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)較為豐富,灌溉條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)良好。 (3)氣候情況(kuang):桐柏縣(xian)地(di)處北(bei)亞(ya)熱帶北(bei)部(bu)邊(bian)緣,屬(shu)(shu)季(ji)風型大(da)(da)陸性半濕(shi)潤(run)氣候,兼有(you)亞(ya)熱帶和暖溫(wen)帶氣候特點,四季(ji)分(fen)明(ming),溫(wen)暖濕(shi)潤(run),雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)適中。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時數(shu)2027小(xiao)(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)太(tai)陽(yang)總(zong)輻射量(liang)(liang)112.06千卡(ka)/cm2,光(guang)合有(you)效輻射54.91千卡(ka)/cm2。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)15℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)活動積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)4811℃,無霜(shuang)期(qi)211--231天,年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)933--1181mm,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)對濕(shi)度74%,對林木生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)十分(fen)有(you)利。橫貫東(dong)西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)桐柏山(shan)中,野生(sheng)香(xiang)椿(chun)數(shu)不勝數(shu)。
三.地域范圍
全縣以淺(qian)山、丘陵為主(zhu),地處東經113°00′--113°49′,北(bei)緯32°17′--32°43′之(zhi)間,東西(xi)長約76.1km,南(nan)北(bei)寬約49.3km,土地總(zong)面(mian)積1915km2。東與信陽(yang)(yang)市平橋區(qu)接(jie)壤,西(xi)同南(nan)陽(yang)(yang)市唐河縣相連,北(bei)和駐馬(ma)店(dian)的泌陽(yang)(yang)、確山為鄰,南(nan)與湖北(bei)省的棗陽(yang)(yang)、隨州交界(jie)。桐柏(bo)香椿(Toona sinensis)地域(yu)保(bao)護范圍包括回(hui)龍、淮(huai)源鎮等14個鄉鎮(園(yuan)區(qu)),33個行政村,保(bao)護區(qu)域(yu)面(mian)積10.029萬(wan)畝,年(nian)產(chan)量1.25萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感官特征:“桐柏(bo)香椿(chun)(chun)”芽肥葉厚,色澤紫紅,香脆可(ke)口,氣(qi)味濃郁。 (2)內(nei)在(zai)品質(zhi)指標(biao):據農業部農產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量監督檢驗測試中心(xin)(鄭州)等單位對桐柏(bo)香椿(chun)(chun)的檢測結果顯示:含蛋白(bai)質(zhi)7.05--7.08g/100g,維生素B10.0286--0.0326mg/100g、維生素C38.2--38.6mg/100g、鉀5.05--5.56*103mg/kg、鈉(na)6.3--6.8mg/kg。 (3)安全要求:產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)必須(xu)符合《無公害農產(chan)(chan)品 種植業產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件》(NY T 5010-2016)標(biao)準(zhun),禁止(zhi)使用未(wei)依法登記(ji)和國家(jia)明令禁止(zhi)使用的農業投入品,推(tui)行標(biao)準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan),切實(shi)保障(zhang)香椿(chun)(chun)質(zhi)量安全。
五.特定生產方式
本部分(fen)內容主(zhu)要(yao)表述影(ying)響登(deng)記產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品品質(zhi)、特(te)(te)色形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)和保持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi): (1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選擇與特(te)(te)殊內容規定(ding)(ding):對土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)要(yao)求(qiu)并不(bu)(bu)嚴格,除過酸(suan)或過堿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)以外,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)都能(neng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,但是光(guang)照不(bu)(bu)足(zu)、易旱(han)易漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)不(bu)(bu)宜栽(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。選擇遠離(li)污染源并具(ju)有(you)可(ke)持續(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區域,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)符合(he)《無(wu)(wu)公害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)》(NY T 5010-2016)標準(zhun),以沙質(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和含腐(fu)植質(zhi)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)最好(hao),尤其(qi)是地(di)勢(shi)平(ping)坦、陽(yang)光(guang)充足(zu)、質(zhi)地(di)疏(shu)(shu)松、便于(yu)(yu)(yu)排(pai)灌(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)更有(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。香(xiang)椿(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)使用(yong)工業(ye)廢棄物、城(cheng)市垃圾和污泥(ni);不(bu)(bu)得使用(yong)未(wei)經發(fa)酵腐(fu)熟、未(wei)達到無(wu)(wu)害化(hua)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人畜糞(fen)便等(deng)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料,防(fang)(fang)(fang)止污染產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境(jing)。 (2)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求(qiu):桐(tong)(tong)柏香(xiang)椿(chun)主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)“桐(tong)(tong)柏紅油椿(chun)”植株高(gao)約(yue)90--150cm左右,雌雄異(yi)株,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)呈(cheng)偶數(shu)羽狀(zhuang)復葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)幼(you)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)是紅褐(he)色,具(ju)有(you)濃郁(yu)香(xiang)味(wei),圓(yuan)錐(zhui)花(hua)序(xu),兩(liang)性花(hua)白色,果實是橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)蒴果,翅狀(zhuang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子可(ke)以繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)。具(ju)有(you)適(shi)應(ying)性強、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao),抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)、抗(kang)(kang)澇、抗(kang)(kang)風、抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)蟲(chong)能(neng)力強等(deng)特(te)(te)點。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程管理(li)(li):桐(tong)(tong)柏香(xiang)椿(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程包(bao)括整(zheng)地(di)、繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)、田間管理(li)(li)、病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)等(deng)步(bu)驟。具(ju)體如下: ①整(zheng)地(di) 整(zheng)地(di)要(yao)深(shen)耕、耙平(ping)、作(zuo)畦。于(yu)(yu)(yu)當年春(chun)季(ji)3月下旬--4月上(shang)旬進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)應(ying)作(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)0.5m--1m寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畦,同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開好(hao)排(pai)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝,便于(yu)(yu)(yu)排(pai)灌(guan)。 ②繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi) 香(xiang)椿(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)和矮化(hua)密(mi)(mi)植兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei):播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)香(xiang)椿(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率較低,播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前,要(yao)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子在(zai)(zai)30--35℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡24小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),撈起后(hou)(hou),置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)25℃環境(jing)催芽(ya)(ya)。至胚根露(lu)出米粒大小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)5℃以上(shang))一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)3月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬。出苗(miao)后(hou)(hou),2--3片(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間苗(miao),4--5片(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)苗(miao),株行(xing)(xing)距(ju)為(wei)60x80cm。 矮化(hua)密(mi)(mi)植栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei):這是近(jin)年來(lai)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)苗(miao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法與普通(tong)裁培(pei)(pei)相同,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每(mei)666.7m2栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植1300株左右。樹型(xing)可(ke)按照叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)型(xing)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang),在(zai)(zai)苗(miao)高(gao)1m左右時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即去頂(ding)(ding)梢,新發(fa)枝(zhi)(zhi)只采(cai)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)不(bu)(bu)去頂(ding)(ding)芽(ya)(ya),待枝(zhi)(zhi)長20--30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再抹頭。特(te)(te)點是樹干(gan)較矮,分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)較多(duo)。 ③田間管理(li)(li) 間苗(miao)補苗(miao):為(wei)了(le)獲(huo)(huo)得高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),田間留苗(miao)必(bi)須保持一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)度。密(mi)(mi)度過大,分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)下部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)易脫(tuo)落;密(mi)(mi)度過小(xiao),基(ji)本苗(miao)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)受到限制。因(yin)此一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)勻密(mi)(mi)補稀(xi)工作(zuo),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每(mei)畝(mu)留苗(miao)1300株,株行(xing)(xing)距(ju)為(wei)60x80cm。 中(zhong)(zhong)耕除草(cao):早春(chun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)較低,雜(za)草(cao)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,應(ying)抓住(zhu)有(you)利墑情(qing),淺(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)耕除草(cao)2次(ci)--3次(ci)。近(jin)根部宜淺(qian)鋤(chu),行(xing)(xing)間可(ke)略深(shen)些,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)傷(shang)及干(gan)根。通(tong)過中(zhong)(zhong)耕除草(cao),減少土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)、養(yang)(yang)分(fen)消(xiao)耗,提高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen),改善土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)通(tong)氣(qi) 條(tiao)件(jian)(jian),促進(jin)(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。頭茬(cha)香(xiang)椿(chun)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou),淺(qian)鋤(chu)1遍,清(qing)除雜(za)草(cao),利于(yu)(yu)(yu)香(xiang)椿(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。 施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):每(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)腐(fu)熟細碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,或三元復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg開穴施(shi)(shi)入,使香(xiang)椿(chun)苗(miao)有(you)足(zu)夠養(yang)(yang)料供應(ying),健壯(zhuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):立夏前后(hou)(hou),氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)上(shang)升,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長速(su)度加快,光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)旺盛,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)增多(duo),枝(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)開始分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi),應(ying)重施(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),并要(yao)氮(dan)、磷、鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)配合(he)施(shi)(shi)用(yong),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)畝(mu)用(yong)優質(zhi)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg,雨(yu)前行(xing)(xing)間開穴或開溝施(shi)(shi)入。化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)露(lu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)后(hou)(hou)或雨(yu)前葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)上(shang)無(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong),以防(fang)(fang)(fang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料粘到葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)上(shang),灼(zhuo)傷(shang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)單純重施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)素化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),以防(fang)(fang)(fang)莖葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)徒長,影(ying)響嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)。速(su)效肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜在(zai)(zai)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)前15--20d施(shi)(shi)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)份管理(li)(li):香(xiang)椿(chun)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期(qi)需要(yao)充足(zu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen),如遇天(tian)旱(han),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)干(gan)燥(zao),嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長緩慢,須采(cai)取澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)宜在(zai)(zai)早、晚進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),做(zuo)到無(wu)(wu)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)宜。 摘心(xin):植株稀(xi)疏(shu)(shu),密(mi)(mi)度不(bu)(bu)足(zu),在(zai)(zai)5月份中(zhong)(zhong)午晴天(tian)摘去頂(ding)(ding)心(xin),從(cong)頂(ding)(ding)上(shang)二(er)層幼(you)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)摘去,并追施(shi)(shi)1次(ci)速(su)效化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),促進(jin)(jin)新芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。 ④病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):香(xiang)椿(chun)蟲(chong)害有(you)香(xiang)椿(chun)毛蟲(chong)、云斑天(tian)牛(niu)、草(cao)履介殼(ke)蟲(chong)等(deng),可(ke)用(yong)滅幼(you)脲等(deng)農(nong)藥防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);病(bing)害有(you)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)銹(xiu)病(bing)、白粉病(bing)等(deng),可(ke)用(yong)波爾多(duo)液、石(shi)硫合(he)劑(ji)等(deng)藥劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法貫徹預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)、綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。 (4)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)(hou)處理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding):選晴天(tian)上(shang)午10時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前--下午3時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。徒手掰下嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya),15--20個嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽(ya)(ya)集中(zhong)(zhong)扎(zha)成(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)把(ba),捆扎(zha)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)部對齊,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)暴曬。忌雨(yu)淋和夜露(lu),外加包(bao)裝(zhuang)貯運,放(fang)陰涼干(gan)燥(zao)處,防(fang)(fang)(fang)受潮發(fa)霉。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)要(yao)求(qiu):在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)(zhong),設專(zhuan)人做(zuo)好(hao)以下記錄(lu):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)點、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品名稱(cheng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)耕作(zuo),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang),施(shi)(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥名稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)藥量(liang),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)、倉儲、銷售等(deng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)、數(shu)量(liang)等(deng)。