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一.產品介紹

汝陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)是河南省洛(luo)陽(yang)市(shi)汝陽(yang)縣的特產。汝陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)具補肝腎(shen)、強筋骨、降(jiang)血(xue)壓、安胎等諸(zhu)多功效。2000年汝陽(yang)縣被(bei)中國(guo)經濟(ji)林協會命名為“全(quan)國(guo)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)之鄉”。

河南汝(ru)陽(yang)地(di)處豫西山區，全縣(xian)總(zong)面(mian)積199.7萬畝(mu)，其中(zhong)：林(lin)業用地(di)面(mian)積111.3萬畝(mu)，全縣(xian)森林(lin)覆蓋率51.5%，汝(ru)陽(yang)縣(xian)屬暖溫帶落葉闊葉林(lin)帶，地(di)形復雜，氣(qi)候(hou)差異大，林(lin)業資源豐(feng)富，植物(wu)種類繁多，其優越的(de)自然條件十(shi)分有利于杜仲的(de)生長發(fa)育。

新中國(guo)60年(nian)來，汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)展經(jing)(jing)歷了大落(luo)大起的(de)(de)(de)變化，1957年(nian)前(qian)，汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)合(he)抱(bao)粗的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹到(dao)處洛陽(yang)(yang)林(lin)(lin)源杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開發(fa)有限公司獲(huo)譽(yu)眾多(duo)可見，1958年(nian)，隨(sui)著大煉鋼鐵運動的(de)(de)(de)開展，杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幾乎被毀殆盡(jin)。在20世紀80年(nian)代，隨(sui)著改革開放的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷深(shen)入(ru)，杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥用及(ji)(ji)民(min)用需(xu)求(qiu)日益增大，汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)提出了大力發(fa)展杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)可行性規劃，并于1985年(nian)元月(yue)向河南(nan)省林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)廳提交(jiao)了“建立十萬畝杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地”的(de)(de)(de)可行性報告(gao)，1986年(nian)河南(nan)省林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)廳批(pi)準(zhun)汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地縣(xian)；1987年(nian)又被林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)部批(pi)準(zhun)為(wei)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地縣(xian)，1995年(nian)國(guo)家計(ji)委和林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)部聯合(he)確定汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)國(guo)家以工代賑林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)扶貧示范項目，從而使汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地建設又上(shang)了一(yi)個新臺(tai)階。目前(qian)，全(quan)縣(xian)已發(fa)展杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)21.5萬畝，占全(quan)縣(xian)經(jing)(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)總面積(ji)36.8萬畝的(de)(de)(de)58.4%，杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮、葉及(ji)(ji)系列產品年(nian)產量達1560萬公斤(jin)，年(nian)總產值(zhi)1.2億元，2000年(nian)被中國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)協會命(ming)名為(wei)“全(quan)國(guo)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之鄉(xiang)”。

龍翁詩杜(du)仲保(bao)健茶功效顯著 杜(du)仲發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)伊(yi)始，汝陽縣(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)政府就明確提(ti)出了“規(gui)模發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、集約經營(ying)、整體效益、長久優勢(shi)”的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)思(si)路，堅持一手抓資(zi)(zi)源培(pei)育，一手抓資(zi)(zi)源保(bao)護，造、管并重的方針。圍繞這一思(si)路，制定了杜(du)仲基地建設發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)總體規(gui)劃，并提(ti)交(jiao)縣(xian)人大審議通過(guo)，使杜(du)仲基地納入(ru)法制化軌道。

為(wei)提高(gao)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)含(han)量，在基(ji)地建設的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，成立杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)課題(ti)研究(jiu)小組，對杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)育苗(miao)技(ji)(ji)術、剝皮(pi)再生(sheng)利用、杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)質資源進行(xing)了調查研究(jiu)工(gong)作(zuo)，調查了全(quan)國(guo)11個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)、市、區，收集品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)及變種(zhong)28個(ge)，從(cong)(cong)中篩選出(chu)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)13個(ge)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)粉作(zuo)為(wei)飼(si)料添(tian)加(jia)劑喂(wei)雞，其(qi)中華仲(zhong)(zhong)1－5號杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)優(you)良系，已被(bei)國(guo)家納入“星火計(ji)劃”項目。“杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)質及剝皮(pi)技(ji)(ji)術研究(jiu)”課題(ti)獲河南省(sheng)(sheng)人民政府科(ke)技(ji)(ji)進步三等獎(jiang)，河南省(sheng)(sheng)林業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)進步二(er)等獎(jiang)。 隨著杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地的(de)(de)(de)擴大和皮(pi)、葉產(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)(de)逐年增(zeng)加(jia)，汝陽縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府按照產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化的(de)(de)(de)要求，把(ba)廉價出(chu)售皮(pi)、葉產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)轉向以加(jia)工(gong)增(zeng)值為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)系列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)工(gong)上(shang)來，使林業(ye)向工(gong)業(ye)延(yan)伸，工(gong)業(ye)與林業(ye)配套(tao)，走出(chu)一(yi)條(tiao)“山上(shang)建基(ji)地，山下辦工(gong)廠，山外拓市場，科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創高(gao)效”的(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化開(kai)發(fa)路(lu)子，自(zi)1990年以來，先后(hou)建成洛陽市“天然綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司、洛陽樹仁公(gong)司、洛陽市林源杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)發(fa)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司、北京(jing)山里紅杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)飲(yin)(yin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司”，研制開(kai)發(fa)出(chu)具有(you)(you)穩壓(ya)、健(jian)體、強身的(de)(de)(de)口服液系列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)保健(jian)茶、飲(yin)(yin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)系列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，從(cong)(cong)根本上(shang)解決了我縣(xian)發(fa)展杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)顧之憂(you)，為(wei)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)再上(shang)新臺階注入了新的(de)(de)(de)活力。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang)(kuang) 包(bao)括土(tu)壤(rang)類型、pH值、土(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)力狀(zhuang)況(kuang)(kuang)和地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)等典型特(te)征。 汝(ru)陽杜仲主要分布在南(nan)部山區，屬秦(qin)嶺余脈、外方山區，土(tu)壤(rang)類型主要是褐土(tu)，其次是石質土(tu)和粗骨土(tu)，土(tu)層厚度多(duo)(duo)數在80cm以(yi)上。PH值7.1～8.1之間，有(you)機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)11.1～31.3g/kg，全氮(dan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)為0.54～2.75g/kg,有(you)效磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)12.5～33.4g/kg,速效鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)71～378mg/kg，富含(han)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元素，土(tu)壤(rang)相對疏松。森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率88%。環境(jing)優良(liang)(liang)，零工業，無污染。海拔在1000～1600m。 2.2水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)(kuang) 包(bao)括水(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)源和水(shui)(shui)質情況(kuang)(kuang)及影(ying)響(xiang)因子。 保護區境(jing)內流域(yu)面(mian)積分屬黃(huang)、淮兩大(da)(da)流域(yu)，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)蘊(yun)藏豐(feng)富，充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資源為汝(ru)陽香菇提供了良(liang)(liang)好的(de)灌(guan)溉條件(jian)。 2.3氣候(hou)情況(kuang)(kuang) 包(bao)括季(ji)(ji)風、溫(wen)度、濕度、日照和降水(shui)(shui)等特(te)殊氣候(hou)因子。 汝(ru)陽縣地(di)(di)(di)處東(dong)亞中(zhong)緯度地(di)(di)(di)帶，屬暖溫(wen)帶半濕潤季(ji)(ji)風區大(da)(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)風氣候(hou) 。其特(te)點(dian)：光照充足，氣候(hou)溫(wen)和，四季(ji)(ji)分明。年平(ping)均≧0℃積溫(wen)5181℃，年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)14.0℃，年平(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)673.1mm，無霜(shuang)期213天(tian)左右；年平(ping)均日照時(shi)數為2164小時(shi)。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)寒冷少雨雪，春季(ji)(ji)干旱多(duo)(duo)風，夏季(ji)(ji)炎熱多(duo)(duo)雨，秋季(ji)(ji)天(tian)高氣爽，晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)(da)。

三.地域范圍

汝陽杜仲地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍為(wei)河南(nan)省(sheng)洛陽市汝陽縣境內(nei)，涉(she)及(ji)城關鎮(zhen)、上店鎮(zhen)、柏(bo)樹鄉(xiang)、十八盤鄉(xiang)、付(fu)店鎮(zhen)、靳村鄉(xiang)、三屯鎮(zhen)、劉店鎮(zhen)、王坪鄉(xiang)、蔡店鄉(xiang)共(gong)10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)。汝陽杜仲保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍地(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經112°8′—112 °38′，北緯33°49′—34°21′之間，生產規(gui)模1.67萬公頃(qing)，年產量 3萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感(gan)官(guan)特(te)(te)(te)征 是指(zhi)通過人的(de)(de)感(gan)官(guan)（視覺(jue)(jue)、味(wei)(wei)覺(jue)(jue)、嗅(xiu)覺(jue)(jue)、觸覺(jue)(jue)等）能(neng)夠(gou)感(gan)知、感(gan)受(shou)到的(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)殊品質(zhi)及風味(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)(te)征。 汝(ru)陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)干葉(xie)(xie)呈暗(an)綠(lv)色(se)或(huo)褐(he)(he)色(se)，葉(xie)(xie)片厚實，斷(duan)面(mian)有均(jun)勻(yun)橡膠絲，銀白色(se)，富彈性。杜仲(zhong)皮為(wei)扁平的(de)(de)板片狀或(huo)兩邊(bian)稍向內卷的(de)(de)塊片，少數為(wei)微曲薄片，厚約(yue)2～7mm。杜仲(zhong)外表面(mian)淺棕色(se)或(huo)灰(hui)褐(he)(he)色(se)，未刮(gua)凈粗皮者可(ke)見縱(zong)溝或(huo)裂(lie)紋，具斜方形橫裂(lie)皮孔，厚者具縱(zong)槽狀皮孔，內皮呈暗(an)紫(zi)褐(he)(he)色(se)，斷(duan)面(mian)橡膠絲多而(er)密。味(wei)(wei)苦，嚼之始(shi)有顆粒感(gan)，后有棉花感(gan)。種子扁平，線(xian)形，長1.4～1.5㎝，寬3 mm，兩端圓形，堅(jian)果(guo)位于中央，稍突起。 4.2內在品質(zhi)特(te)(te)(te)征 是指(zhi)需要通過儀器檢測(ce)的(de)(de)可(ke)量(liang)化的(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)(te)理化指(zhi)標(biao)。 根據農業部農產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)督(du)檢驗測(ce)試中心（鄭州(zhou)）檢測(ce)結果(guo)顯示，汝(ru)陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)內在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)：綠(lv)原酸8.10～9.90g/kg。 4.3安(an)全要求 明確登記產(chan)品市場準(zhun)入所遵(zun)循的(de)(de)國(guo)家強制性技術規范(fan)名稱、具體內容(rong)和相關法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規規定。嚴格按照《中藥材生產(chan)質(zhi)量(liang)管理規范(fan)（GAP）》標(biao)準(zhun)進行，禁止使用(yong)未依法(fa)登記和國(guo)家明令禁止使用(yong)的(de)(de)農業投(tou)入品，推行標(biao)準(zhun)化生產(chan)，切實保障杜仲(zhong)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)(shen)(shen)厚(hou)、土(tu)(tu)質疏(shu)松、富含(han)有(you)(you)機質、透(tou)水透(tou)氣(qi)良(liang)好(hao)、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)酸性(xing)(xing)至(zhi)微(wei)(wei)堿性(xing)(xing)、排(pai)水良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)陽緩坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，周邊環(huan)境不(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)污(wu)染源。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)準使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工業(ye)廢棄物(wu)，城市垃圾和污(wu)泥，不(bu)得(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)未經發(fa)酵腐(fu)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)畜(chu)糞(fen)便等有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料，防止污(wu)染產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境。 3.2 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 汝(ru)陽杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)汝(ru)陽野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馴化品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要特征是：根(gen)(gen)(gen)莖短(duan)粗，根(gen)(gen)(gen)數(shu)條(tiao)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓柱狀，略彎(wan)曲(qu)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)約20cm(有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)達33cm),直經0.3～1.5cm。新根(gen)(gen)(gen)表面(mian)(mian)紅棕(zong)色(se)，粗糙，具縱橫紋(wen)。老根(gen)(gen)(gen)外(wai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)疏(shu)松，多顯紫棕(zong)色(se)，斷面(mian)(mian)疏(shu)松，質硬而(er)(er)脆，有(you)(you)裂隙或(huo)略平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)而(er)(er)致密，皮(pi)(pi)(pi)部棕(zong)紅色(se)，氣(qi)微(wei)(wei)，味微(wei)(wei)苦(ku)澀。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理 汝(ru)陽杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)處(chu)(chu)理、育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、移(yi)栽(zai)、大田管(guan)(guan)理、病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防治、采(cai)(cai)(cai)收加工等步驟。 3.3.1 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)處(chu)(chu)理 杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)品(pin)(pin)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞受多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。目前(qian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)上(shang)多根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)觀特征進(jin)行(xing)(xing)鑒(jian)別。合格種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)翌年(nian)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)芽(ya)率應在(zai)50％以(yi)上(shang)，如采(cai)(cai)(cai)取低(di)溫(wen)或(huo)密封保存，優(you)質種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)芽(ya)率可(ke)達90％以(yi)上(shang)。汝(ru)陽杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)新鮮(xian)，有(you)(you)光(guang)澤，棕(zong)黃(huang)至(zhi)棕(zong)褐色(se)；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁處(chu)(chu)突出(chu)(chu)明顯，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁充實(shi)、飽滿，剝出(chu)(chu)胚乳為(wei)米黃(huang)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，放入60℃水中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸(jin)泡，自然(ran)(ran)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)，保持20℃，浸(jin)泡2～3d，當(dang)(dang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)膨脹，果皮(pi)(pi)(pi)軟化后(hou)取出(chu)(chu)，控(kong)凈水待(dai)播(bo)。 3.3.2育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao) 3.3.2.1 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)建立(li) 育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)質疏(shu)松、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)濕(shi)潤(run)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃、排(pai)水良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),秋季深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),施(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),然(ran)(ran)后(hou)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)并進(jin)行(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)消毒(du)。山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)應順山(shan)走勢,床(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)(mian)寬1.2～1.5m,便于(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye),長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢而(er)(er)定(ding),一(yi)(yi)般長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)3～5m。平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)應挖深(shen)(shen)(shen)25～30cm、寬1.0～1.2m、長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形而(er)(er)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)畦床(chuang)(chuang)。 3.3.2.2 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 將處(chu)(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)拌入草(cao)(cao)(cao)木(mu)(mu)灰和干(gan)(gan)土(tu)(tu)，山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)播(bo)(壟式),行(xing)(xing)距20～25cm,株(zhu)距10cm,深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)2～3cm,覆土(tu)(tu)厚(hou)1～2cm,厚(hou)薄要均勻(yun)。每(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)4～5kg，播(bo)后(hou)澆透(tou)水。上(shang)面(mian)(mian)覆蓋雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)或(huo)樹葉(xie),防止土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)水分(fen)蒸發(fa)或(huo)晚霜為(wei)害(hai)(hai),在(zai)不(bu)影響苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,覆蓋物(wu)可(ke)留于(yu)床(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)(mian)。 3.3.2.3 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)管(guan)(guan)理。一(yi)(yi)是間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，剔除(chu)過(guo)(guo)密、病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，拔除(chu)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)墑(di)情及(ji)時澆水。 3.3.3 整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di) 于(yu)當(dang)(dang)年(nian)春季2月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)～3月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。每(mei)畝(mu)撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3m3，或(huo)100 kg三(san)元(yuan)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻25～30cm。作(zuo)(zuo)畦寬1.5～2m，利(li)于(yu)灌溉(gai)。 3.3.4移(yi)栽(zai) 汝(ru)陽杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)移(yi)栽(zai)在(zai)春天(tian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，移(yi)栽(zai)要全面(mian)(mian)翻耕(geng)，挖直徑約70cm，深(shen)(shen)(shen)70cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坑(keng)(keng)，坑(keng)(keng)內(nei)施(shi)(shi)優(you)質農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，且與土(tu)(tu)混合均勻(yun)，每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)1000～1500kg，株(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距1.5m*2m，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高100cm左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，邊起苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)邊移(yi)栽(zai)。 3.3.5 大田管(guan)(guan)理 3.3.5.1 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao) 移(yi)栽(zai)當(dang)(dang)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)般中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)3到(dao)4次(ci)(ci)，結合中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)掉田間(jian)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)。 3.3.5.2 追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 每(mei)年(nian)春季萌芽(ya)前(qian)和秋季落葉(xie)后(hou)各施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，起到(dao)促苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)三(san)元(yuan)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。 3.3.5.3 灌溉(gai)排(pai)水 灌水次(ci)(ci)數(shu)應根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件而(er)(er)定(ding)，降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)大約600毫(hao)升，正(zheng)常年(nian)份可(ke)不(bu)灌水，降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)小于(yu)600毫(hao)升，應灌3～4次(ci)(ci)，萌芽(ya)前(qian)，新梢生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)，休(xiu)眠期(qi)各灌一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，剝皮(pi)(pi)(pi)前(qian)3～5d灌溉(gai)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。如遇連陰雨天(tian)氣(qi)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)出(chu)(chu)現積水時，應及(ji)時排(pai)水。 3.3.5.4 病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防治 杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)(you)猝(cu)倒(dao)病(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)、根(gen)(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)，猝(cu)倒(dao)病(bing)(bing)和葉(xie)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)在(zai)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)初期(qi)噴65%代森鋅可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑500～600倍液(ye)，25d噴一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)70%甲基托布津可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑，挖寬30～45cm，深(shen)(shen)(shen)50～70cm環(huan)狀溝(gou)3～5條(tiao)，100～150g/株(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)入樹冠外(wai)圍。 3.3.5.5 采(cai)(cai)(cai)收加工 杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植一(yi)(yi)般當(dang)(dang)年(nian)就可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)葉(xie)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)葉(xie)于(yu)8～10月(yue)(yue)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，晴天(tian)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)成熟綠葉(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收，自然(ran)(ran)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)即(ji)可(ke)。杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植10～15年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)才能開(kai)(kai)始(shi)剝皮(pi)(pi)(pi)，剝皮(pi)(pi)(pi)于(yu)4～6月(yue)(yue)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸子(zi)齊(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)鋸一(yi)(yi)環(huan)狀口，深(shen)(shen)(shen)達木(mu)(mu)質部，向(xiang)上(shang)80cm處(chu)(chu)再鋸第(di)二(er)道環(huan)狀口，在(zai)2個環(huan)狀口中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)縱割(ge)一(yi)(yi)切口，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)竹片刀從(cong)縱割(ge)口輕輕剝邊，使樹皮(pi)(pi)(pi)與木(mu)(mu)質分(fen)離。剝下杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)開(kai)(kai)水燙后(hou)，層層緊實(shi)重疊平(ping)(ping)放在(zai)麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)墊底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)，上(shang)蓋木(mu)(mu)板，加重物(wu)壓(ya)實(shi)，四周用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)圍緊，使其發(fa)汗，7d左(zuo)右，內(nei)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)呈暗紫褐色(se)，取出(chu)(chu)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)，刮去(qu)粗皮(pi)(pi)(pi)即(ji)可(ke)。 3.3.5.6 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄 在(zai)整(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，設(she)專人(ren)做(zuo)好(hao)以(yi)下記錄：生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點、農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)稱(cheng)、方(fang)式、時間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥名(ming)稱(cheng)、防治對象、方(fang)式、時間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲(huo)、倉(cang)儲(chu)、銷售等項目名(ming)稱(cheng)、方(fang)式、數(shu)量(liang)等。