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一.產品介紹

汝陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)是(shi)河南省(sheng)洛陽(yang)市汝陽(yang)縣(xian)的特產。汝陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)具補肝腎、強筋(jin)骨、降(jiang)血壓(ya)、安(an)胎等諸多功效。2000年汝陽(yang)縣(xian)被(bei)中國經濟林協會命(ming)名為“全國杜仲(zhong)之(zhi)鄉”。

河南汝陽地處豫西山(shan)區，全縣總面積199.7萬畝，其中：林業用(yong)地面積111.3萬畝，全縣森林覆(fu)蓋(gai)率51.5%，汝陽縣屬暖溫帶(dai)落葉闊(kuo)葉林帶(dai)，地形復(fu)雜(za)，氣候(hou)差異大，林業資(zi)源豐富，植物種(zhong)類繁多(duo)，其優越(yue)的自然(ran)條件十分有利于杜仲的生長發育。

新中(zhong)國(guo)60年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，汝陽(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)經(jing)歷(li)了大落大起的(de)(de)(de)變化，1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)，汝陽(yang)(yang)合(he)抱(bao)粗(cu)的(de)(de)(de)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹到處洛陽(yang)(yang)林(lin)(lin)源杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開發(fa)(fa)有限公司獲譽眾多可(ke)見，1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)，隨著大煉鋼鐵運動的(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)，杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幾乎被(bei)毀(hui)殆盡。在20世紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代，隨著改革開放的(de)(de)(de)不斷深入，杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥用及民(min)用需求日益增(zeng)大，汝陽(yang)(yang)及時提(ti)出了大力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行(xing)性規(gui)劃，并于1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)元月向(xiang)河南(nan)省(sheng)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)廳提(ti)交了“建立十萬(wan)畝(mu)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地(di)”的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行(xing)性報告，1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)河南(nan)省(sheng)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)廳批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)汝陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地(di)縣；1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)又被(bei)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)部(bu)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)為(wei)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地(di)縣，1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)家(jia)計委和林(lin)(lin)業(ye)部(bu)聯合(he)確定汝陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)以工代賑林(lin)(lin)業(ye)扶貧示范項目，從而使汝陽(yang)(yang)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地(di)建設又上了一(yi)個(ge)新臺階(jie)。目前(qian)，全縣已發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)21.5萬(wan)畝(mu)，占全縣經(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)總面積36.8萬(wan)畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)58.4%，杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮、葉及系列產(chan)(chan)品年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量達1560萬(wan)公斤，年(nian)(nian)(nian)總產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)1.2億元，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)協會(hui)命名為(wei)“全國(guo)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)鄉”。

龍翁(weng)詩杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保健茶功效(xiao)顯著 杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發展伊始，汝陽(yang)縣委、縣政府就明確提出了(le)“規模發展、集約經(jing)營、整體(ti)效(xiao)益、長久(jiu)優勢”的(de)發展思路(lu)，堅持一手(shou)抓(zhua)資(zi)源(yuan)培育(yu)，一手(shou)抓(zhua)資(zi)源(yuan)保護，造、管并重的(de)方針。圍繞這一思路(lu)，制定了(le)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)建設發展總體(ti)規劃，并提交縣人大審議通過，使(shi)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)納入法制化軌道(dao)。

為提高杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)技(ji)含量(liang)，在基(ji)(ji)地建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，成立杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生產課(ke)題研(yan)究(jiu)小組，對杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)育苗技(ji)術、剝皮再生利用、杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)種質資源進行了(le)調查研(yan)究(jiu)工作，調查了(le)全國11個省(sheng)(sheng)、市(shi)、區，收集品(pin)(pin)種及(ji)變種28個，從(cong)中篩選出優良品(pin)(pin)種13個杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)粉作為飼料添加(jia)劑喂雞，其中華仲(zhong)(zhong)1－5號杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)優良系(xi)(xi)(xi)，已被國家(jia)納入“星火計劃”項目。“杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)種質及(ji)剝皮技(ji)術研(yan)究(jiu)”課(ke)題獲河南省(sheng)(sheng)人民政府(fu)科(ke)技(ji)進步(bu)三等(deng)獎，河南省(sheng)(sheng)林業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)進步(bu)二等(deng)獎。 隨(sui)著杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大和皮、葉產量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)逐年增加(jia)，汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)政府(fu)按照(zhao)產業(ye)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，把廉(lian)價出售皮、葉產品(pin)(pin)轉向以加(jia)工增值為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列產品(pin)(pin)加(jia)工上(shang)來，使林業(ye)向工業(ye)延伸，工業(ye)與林業(ye)配套，走出一(yi)條“山(shan)上(shang)建(jian)基(ji)(ji)地，山(shan)下辦工廠，山(shan)外拓市(shi)場，科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)高效”的(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)產業(ye)化開發路子(zi)，自(zi)1990年以來，先后(hou)建(jian)成洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)“天(tian)然綠色食品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)限公司、洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)(yang)樹仁公司、洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)林源杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)開發有(you)(you)限公司、北(bei)京山(shan)里(li)紅杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)飲品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)限公司”，研(yan)制(zhi)開發出具有(you)(you)穩壓(ya)、健(jian)體(ti)、強身的(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)服(fu)液(ye)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列產品(pin)(pin)和杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)保健(jian)茶、飲品(pin)(pin)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列產品(pin)(pin)，從(cong)根本上(shang)解(jie)決了(le)我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)發展杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)顧之憂，為杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生產再上(shang)新(xin)臺階(jie)注入了(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活力。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情(qing)況(kuang) 包括(kuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)、pH值、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥力狀況(kuang)和(he)(he)地形地貌等典型(xing)特(te)(te)征。 汝(ru)陽(yang)杜仲主要(yao)分(fen)布在南部山(shan)區(qu)，屬(shu)(shu)秦嶺余脈、外(wai)方山(shan)區(qu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)，其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)(shi)石質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)粗(cu)骨(gu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)層厚度多(duo)數在80cm以(yi)上。PH值7.1～8.1之間，有(you)機質(zhi)含量(liang)11.1～31.3g/kg，全氮含量(liang)為0.54～2.75g/kg,有(you)效(xiao)磷含量(liang)12.5～33.4g/kg,速(su)效(xiao)鉀含量(liang)71～378mg/kg，富(fu)含多(duo)種微量(liang)元素，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)相對疏松。森(sen)林覆蓋率88%。環境優良(liang)，零工業，無污(wu)染。海拔在1000～1600m。 2.2水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang) 包括(kuo)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)、水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)情(qing)況(kuang)及影響因(yin)子。 保(bao)護區(qu)境內流(liu)域面(mian)積分(fen)屬(shu)(shu)黃(huang)、淮兩大流(liu)域，地下水(shui)(shui)蘊藏豐富(fu)，充足的水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為汝(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)菇提供(gong)了良(liang)好的灌溉條件。 2.3氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang) 包括(kuo)季風(feng)、溫(wen)度、濕度、日照和(he)(he)降水(shui)(shui)等特(te)(te)殊氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)因(yin)子。 汝(ru)陽(yang)縣地處東亞中緯(wei)度地帶，屬(shu)(shu)暖溫(wen)帶半濕潤季風(feng)區(qu)大陸性季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou) 。其(qi)特(te)(te)點：光照充足，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和(he)(he)，四季分(fen)明。年(nian)平(ping)均≧0℃積溫(wen)5181℃，年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.0℃，年(nian)平(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)673.1mm，無霜期213天(tian)左右；年(nian)平(ping)均日照時數為2164小(xiao)時。冬(dong)季寒冷(leng)少(shao)雨(yu)雪(xue)，春季干旱多(duo)風(feng)，夏季炎(yan)熱多(duo)雨(yu)，秋季天(tian)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)爽，晝夜溫(wen)差大。

三.地域范圍

汝陽杜仲地(di)域保護范圍(wei)為河南省(sheng)洛(luo)陽市汝陽縣(xian)境(jing)內，涉及城關(guan)鎮(zhen)、上店(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)、柏樹鄉(xiang)(xiang)、十八盤鄉(xiang)(xiang)、付店(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)、靳村鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三屯(tun)鎮(zhen)、劉店(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)、王坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、蔡店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)共10個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)。汝陽杜仲保護范圍(wei)地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經112°8′—112 °38′，北緯33°49′—34°21′之間，生產規模1.67萬公頃，年產量(liang) 3萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外(wai)在(zai)感(gan)(gan)(gan)官(guan)特(te)征(zheng) 是指通過(guo)人的(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)官(guan)（視覺(jue)、味覺(jue)、嗅(xiu)覺(jue)、觸覺(jue)等）能夠感(gan)(gan)(gan)知、感(gan)(gan)(gan)受到的(de)特(te)殊品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)及(ji)風味特(te)征(zheng)。 汝(ru)陽(yang)杜仲干葉(xie)(xie)呈暗(an)綠色或(huo)褐色，葉(xie)(xie)片厚實(shi)，斷面(mian)(mian)有均(jun)勻(yun)橡膠絲(si)，銀白色，富彈性(xing)。杜仲皮(pi)(pi)為(wei)扁平(ping)的(de)板片狀(zhuang)或(huo)兩邊稍向(xiang)內(nei)(nei)卷的(de)塊片，少(shao)數(shu)為(wei)微曲薄片，厚約(yue)2～7mm。杜仲外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)淺棕(zong)色或(huo)灰褐色，未(wei)刮凈(jing)粗皮(pi)(pi)者(zhe)可(ke)見縱(zong)溝或(huo)裂紋(wen)，具(ju)斜方形(xing)(xing)橫裂皮(pi)(pi)孔，厚者(zhe)具(ju)縱(zong)槽狀(zhuang)皮(pi)(pi)孔，內(nei)(nei)皮(pi)(pi)呈暗(an)紫褐色，斷面(mian)(mian)橡膠絲(si)多而密(mi)。味苦，嚼之始(shi)有顆粒(li)感(gan)(gan)(gan)，后有棉花感(gan)(gan)(gan)。種子(zi)扁平(ping)，線形(xing)(xing)，長(chang)1.4～1.5㎝，寬3 mm，兩端圓形(xing)(xing)，堅果(guo)位于中央，稍突(tu)起。 4.2內(nei)(nei)在(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特(te)征(zheng) 是指需要(yao)通過(guo)儀器檢(jian)測的(de)可(ke)量化的(de)獨特(te)理(li)化指標(biao)。 根(gen)據(ju)農業部農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量監督(du)檢(jian)驗測試中心（鄭州(zhou)）檢(jian)測結果(guo)顯示(shi)，汝(ru)陽(yang)杜仲內(nei)(nei)在(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)指標(biao)：綠原酸8.10～9.90g/kg。 4.3安(an)全要(yao)求 明確登記產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)場準入所遵循的(de)國(guo)家強制性(xing)技術規范名稱、具(ju)體內(nei)(nei)容和相關法律法規規定。嚴格按照《中藥材生產(chan)質(zhi)量管理(li)規范（GAP）》標(biao)準進行(xing)，禁止(zhi)使(shi)用未(wei)依法登記和國(guo)家明令禁止(zhi)使(shi)用的(de)農業投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)，推行(xing)標(biao)準化生產(chan)，切實(shi)保障(zhang)杜仲質(zhi)量安(an)全。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選擇 選擇土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)(shen)厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)松(song)、富含有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)、透水(shui)透氣良好(hao)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)酸(suan)性至微(wei)堿性、排水(shui)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向陽(yang)緩(huan)坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)，周邊(bian)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)不(bu)(bu)得有(you)污(wu)染源。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)準使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工業廢棄物，城市垃圾和(he)(he)污(wu)泥，不(bu)(bu)得使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)未經發酵腐(fu)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)畜糞便等(deng)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料，防止(zhi)污(wu)染產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。 3.2 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇 汝(ru)陽(yang)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)栽品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)汝(ru)陽(yang)野生(sheng)(sheng)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馴化品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)(zhu)要特征是：根(gen)(gen)莖(jing)短(duan)粗，根(gen)(gen)數條(tiao)，長(chang)圓(yuan)柱狀(zhuang)，略(lve)彎曲，長(chang)約(yue)20cm(有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)達(da)(da)33cm),直經0.3～1.5cm。新根(gen)(gen)表面(mian)紅棕色(se)(se)(se)，粗糙，具(ju)縱橫紋。老(lao)根(gen)(gen)外(wai)皮(pi)(pi)疏(shu)(shu)松(song)，多顯(xian)紫棕色(se)(se)(se)，斷面(mian)疏(shu)(shu)松(song)，質(zhi)(zhi)硬而(er)(er)脆，有(you)裂隙或(huo)略(lve)平整而(er)(er)致密，皮(pi)(pi)部(bu)棕紅色(se)(se)(se)，氣微(wei)，味(wei)微(wei)苦澀。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li) 汝(ru)陽(yang)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)包括選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)、育苗(miao)(miao)、整地(di)(di)(di)、移(yi)栽、大田管(guan)理(li)(li)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防治(zhi)、采(cai)收加(jia)工等(deng)步(bu)驟。 3.3.1 選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li) 杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞受多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。目前生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)上(shang)多根(gen)(gen)據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)觀特征進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑒別。合格種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)翌年(nian)(nian)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發芽(ya)(ya)率應(ying)在(zai)50％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，如(ru)(ru)采(cai)取(qu)(qu)低溫(wen)(wen)或(huo)密封保(bao)存(cun)，優質(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發芽(ya)(ya)率可(ke)達(da)(da)90％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。汝(ru)陽(yang)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)新鮮，有(you)光澤，棕黃至棕褐色(se)(se)(se)；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁處(chu)突出(chu)明顯(xian)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁充實(shi)、飽滿，剝(bo)出(chu)胚乳為(wei)米黃色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，放入(ru)60℃水(shui)中(zhong)浸(jin)泡，自(zi)然(ran)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)，保(bao)持20℃，浸(jin)泡2～3d，當(dang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)膨脹，果皮(pi)(pi)軟化后(hou)取(qu)(qu)出(chu)，控凈水(shui)待播。 3.3.2育苗(miao)(miao) 3.3.2.1 苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建立 育苗(miao)(miao)地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)選擇土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)松(song)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)濕潤、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃、排水(shui)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)坡(po)地(di)(di)(di),秋季(ji)深(shen)(shen)翻(fan)地(di)(di)(di),施(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),然(ran)后(hou)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)并(bing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)消毒。山地(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)順山走勢,床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)寬1.2～1.5m,便于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)作業,長(chang)度(du)(du)因(yin)(yin)地(di)(di)(di)勢而(er)(er)定,一般(ban)長(chang)度(du)(du)在(zai)3～5m。平地(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)挖(wa)(wa)深(shen)(shen)25～30cm、寬1.0～1.2m、長(chang)度(du)(du)因(yin)(yin)地(di)(di)(di)形而(er)(er)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)方(fang)形作為(wei)畦(qi)(qi)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)。 3.3.2.2 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 將處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)拌入(ru)草(cao)(cao)木(mu)(mu)灰和(he)(he)干(gan)(gan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，山地(di)(di)(di)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)播(壟(long)式),行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距20～25cm,株距10cm,深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)2～3cm,覆(fu)(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)厚1～2cm,厚薄要均勻(yun)。每畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量4～5kg，播后(hou)澆透水(shui)。上(shang)面(mian)覆(fu)(fu)蓋雜草(cao)(cao)或(huo)樹葉(xie)(xie),防止(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)蒸發或(huo)晚霜(shuang)為(wei)害(hai),在(zai)不(bu)(bu)影響苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia),覆(fu)(fu)蓋物可(ke)留于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)。 3.3.2.3 苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)管(guan)理(li)(li)。一是間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)，剔(ti)除(chu)過密、病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)幼苗(miao)(miao)，拔除(chu)雜草(cao)(cao)。根(gen)(gen)據土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)墑情及(ji)時(shi)澆水(shui)。 3.3.3 整地(di)(di)(di) 于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)春(chun)季(ji)2月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)～3月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。每畝撒施(shi)(shi)農家(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3m3，或(huo)100 kg三元(yuan)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。深(shen)(shen)翻(fan)25～30cm。作畦(qi)(qi)寬1.5～2m，利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)灌溉。 3.3.4移(yi)栽 汝(ru)陽(yang)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)移(yi)栽在(zai)春(chun)天進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，移(yi)栽要全(quan)面(mian)翻(fan)耕(geng)(geng)，挖(wa)(wa)直徑(jing)約(yue)70cm，深(shen)(shen)70cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坑，坑內(nei)施(shi)(shi)優質(zhi)(zhi)農家(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，且與土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)混合均勻(yun)，每畝施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量1000～1500kg，株行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距1.5m*2m，選擇苗(miao)(miao)高100cm左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)，邊(bian)起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)邊(bian)移(yi)栽。 3.3.5 大田管(guan)理(li)(li) 3.3.5.1 中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草(cao)(cao) 移(yi)栽當(dang)年(nian)(nian)一般(ban)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)3到4次(ci)(ci)，結合中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)掉田間(jian)(jian)雜草(cao)(cao)。 3.3.5.2 追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 每年(nian)(nian)春(chun)季(ji)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前和(he)(he)秋季(ji)落葉(xie)(xie)后(hou)各施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一次(ci)(ci)，第一次(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，起(qi)到促苗(miao)(miao)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；第二(er)次(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)農家(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)三元(yuan)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，作為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。 3.3.5.3 灌溉排水(shui) 灌水(shui)次(ci)(ci)數應(ying)根(gen)(gen)據氣候條(tiao)件而(er)(er)定，降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量大約(yue)600毫升，正常年(nian)(nian)份可(ke)不(bu)(bu)灌水(shui)，降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)600毫升，應(ying)灌3～4次(ci)(ci)，萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前，新梢(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)，休(xiu)眠(mian)期(qi)各灌一次(ci)(ci)，剝(bo)皮(pi)(pi)前3～5d灌溉一次(ci)(ci)。如(ru)(ru)遇連陰(yin)雨天氣，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)出(chu)現積水(shui)時(shi)，應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)排水(shui)。 3.3.5.4 病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防治(zhi) 杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)猝倒病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)、根(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，猝倒病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)葉(xie)(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)發病(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)噴65%代森鋅可(ke)濕性粉劑500～600倍液，25d噴一次(ci)(ci)，根(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)70%甲基托(tuo)布(bu)津可(ke)濕性粉劑，挖(wa)(wa)寬30～45cm，深(shen)(shen)50～70cm環(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)溝3～5條(tiao)，100～150g/株，施(shi)(shi)入(ru)樹冠外(wai)圍(wei)。 3.3.5.5 采(cai)收加(jia)工 杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植一般(ban)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)葉(xie)(xie)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，采(cai)葉(xie)(xie)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)8～10月(yue)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，晴天選成熟(shu)綠葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)收，自(zi)然(ran)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)即可(ke)。杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植10～15年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)才能開始(shi)剝(bo)皮(pi)(pi)，剝(bo)皮(pi)(pi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)4～6月(yue)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸(ju)子(zi)齊地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)鋸(ju)一環(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)口，深(shen)(shen)達(da)(da)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)，向上(shang)80cm處(chu)再鋸(ju)第二(er)道環(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)口，在(zai)2個環(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)口中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)縱割(ge)一切口，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)竹片(pian)刀從縱割(ge)口輕輕剝(bo)邊(bian)，使(shi)樹皮(pi)(pi)與木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)離。剝(bo)下(xia)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)開水(shui)燙后(hou)，層層緊實(shi)重(zhong)疊(die)平放在(zai)麥(mai)草(cao)(cao)墊底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)，上(shang)蓋木(mu)(mu)板，加(jia)重(zhong)物壓實(shi)，四周用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)草(cao)(cao)圍(wei)緊，使(shi)其發汗，7d左右(you)，內(nei)皮(pi)(pi)呈暗紫褐色(se)(se)(se)，取(qu)(qu)出(chu)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)，刮去粗皮(pi)(pi)即可(ke)。 3.3.5.6 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄 在(zai)整個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，設專人(ren)做(zuo)好(hao)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)記錄：生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品名稱(cheng)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)(geng)作、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱(cheng)、方(fang)式、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥名稱(cheng)、防治(zhi)對象、方(fang)式、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收獲、倉儲、銷售等(deng)項目名稱(cheng)、方(fang)式、數量等(deng)。