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一.產品介紹

汝陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)是(shi)河南省洛陽(yang)市(shi)汝陽(yang)縣的特(te)產。汝陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)具補肝腎、強筋骨、降血壓、安胎等諸多功效。2000年汝陽(yang)縣被(bei)中國(guo)經濟(ji)林協會命名為“全國(guo)杜仲(zhong)之鄉(xiang)”。

河南汝陽(yang)地(di)處豫西山區，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)面(mian)積199.7萬(wan)畝，其中：林業(ye)用地(di)面(mian)積111.3萬(wan)畝，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)森林覆蓋率51.5%，汝陽(yang)縣(xian)屬暖溫帶落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林帶，地(di)形復雜，氣候差異大(da)，林業(ye)資源豐富，植(zhi)物種類繁多，其優越的自(zi)然條件(jian)十分有(you)利于杜仲(zhong)的生長發育。

新中(zhong)國(guo)60年(nian)(nian)來，汝陽(yang)(yang)的(de)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發展經歷(li)了大落大起的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，1957年(nian)(nian)前(qian)，汝陽(yang)(yang)合抱粗的(de)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹到處洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)源杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)發有(you)限(xian)公司獲譽眾多可(ke)見，1958年(nian)(nian)，隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)大煉(lian)鋼鐵運動的(de)開(kai)展，杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幾(ji)乎被(bei)毀(hui)殆盡。在20世紀80年(nian)(nian)代，隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)改革(ge)開(kai)放的(de)不斷(duan)深入，杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥用(yong)及民用(yong)需(xu)求日(ri)益增大，汝陽(yang)(yang)及時提(ti)(ti)出了大力發展杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)規劃，并于(yu)1985年(nian)(nian)元(yuan)月向河(he)南省林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)廳(ting)(ting)提(ti)(ti)交(jiao)了“建立(li)十(shi)萬畝杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地”的(de)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)報告，1986年(nian)(nian)河(he)南省林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)廳(ting)(ting)批(pi)準汝陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地縣(xian)(xian)；1987年(nian)(nian)又被(bei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)部(bu)批(pi)準為(wei)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地縣(xian)(xian)，1995年(nian)(nian)國(guo)家(jia)計委和林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)部(bu)聯合確定汝陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)以工代賑林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)扶貧(pin)示(shi)范項目(mu)，從而(er)使汝陽(yang)(yang)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地建設又上了一個新臺(tai)階。目(mu)前(qian)，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)已(yi)發展杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)21.5萬畝，占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)經濟(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)總面積36.8萬畝的(de)58.4%，杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮、葉及系列產品(pin)年(nian)(nian)產量(liang)達1560萬公斤，年(nian)(nian)總產值1.2億元(yuan)，2000年(nian)(nian)被(bei)中(zhong)國(guo)經濟(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)協(xie)會命名為(wei)“全(quan)國(guo)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)鄉”。

龍翁詩(shi)杜仲保健(jian)茶(cha)功效顯(xian)著(zhu) 杜仲發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)伊始，汝陽縣委、縣政(zheng)府就(jiu)明確提出了“規模發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、集約經營、整體(ti)效益、長(chang)久(jiu)優(you)勢”的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)思路，堅持一(yi)(yi)手抓資(zi)源(yuan)培育，一(yi)(yi)手抓資(zi)源(yuan)保護，造、管(guan)并重的(de)方(fang)針。圍(wei)繞這一(yi)(yi)思路，制定(ding)了杜仲基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)建設發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總體(ti)規劃，并提交縣人大(da)審議通過，使杜仲基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)納入(ru)法制化(hua)軌(gui)道。

為提高杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)科技(ji)含量，在基(ji)地建設的(de)(de)同時，成立杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)課題研究小組，對杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育苗(miao)技(ji)術(shu)、剝(bo)皮(pi)再生(sheng)利用、杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)質(zhi)資源進(jin)行了(le)調查(cha)研究工作，調查(cha)了(le)全(quan)國(guo)11個(ge)省(sheng)、市(shi)、區，收集品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)及變種(zhong)28個(ge)，從中(zhong)篩選出(chu)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)13個(ge)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)粉作為飼料添加(jia)(jia)劑喂雞(ji)，其中(zhong)華仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1－5號杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優良(liang)系(xi)，已被國(guo)家納入“星火計劃”項目(mu)。“杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)質(zhi)及剝(bo)皮(pi)技(ji)術(shu)研究”課題獲(huo)河(he)南省(sheng)人民政府科技(ji)進(jin)步三(san)等(deng)獎，河(he)南省(sheng)林(lin)業科技(ji)進(jin)步二等(deng)獎。 隨(sui)著杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地的(de)(de)擴大(da)和皮(pi)、葉產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)逐年(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，汝陽(yang)(yang)縣委(wei)、縣政府按照產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業化的(de)(de)要求，把廉價(jia)出(chu)售皮(pi)、葉產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)轉向以加(jia)(jia)工增(zeng)值為主的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)系(xi)列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工上(shang)來(lai)(lai)，使林(lin)業向工業延伸，工業與林(lin)業配套，走出(chu)一條“山(shan)上(shang)建基(ji)地，山(shan)下辦工廠，山(shan)外(wai)拓(tuo)市(shi)場，科技(ji)創高效”的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業化開發路子(zi)，自(zi)1990年(nian)以來(lai)(lai)，先后(hou)建成洛陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)“天然綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、洛陽(yang)(yang)樹仁公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、洛陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)林(lin)源杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開發有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、北京山(shan)里紅杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飲(yin)品(pin)(pin)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)”，研制開發出(chu)具有穩(wen)壓、健體、強身的(de)(de)口(kou)服(fu)液系(xi)列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保健茶、飲(yin)品(pin)(pin)系(xi)列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，從根(gen)本上(shang)解決了(le)我縣發展杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)后(hou)顧之憂，為杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)再上(shang)新臺階注入了(le)新的(de)(de)活力(li)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情(qing)況(kuang) 包括土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)、pH值(zhi)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥力狀況(kuang)和(he)地形地貌等典型(xing)特征(zheng)。 汝陽杜(du)仲(zhong)主要分布在(zai)(zai)南(nan)部(bu)山區(qu)，屬秦嶺余(yu)脈、外方山區(qu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)主要是褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)，其(qi)次是石質土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)粗骨土(tu)(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)層厚度多(duo)(duo)數在(zai)(zai)80cm以上。PH值(zhi)7.1～8.1之間，有(you)機質含(han)(han)量11.1～31.3g/kg，全氮含(han)(han)量為0.54～2.75g/kg,有(you)效(xiao)磷(lin)含(han)(han)量12.5～33.4g/kg,速效(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)量71～378mg/kg，富含(han)(han)多(duo)(duo)種微量元素，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)相(xiang)對疏松。森林覆蓋率88%。環境(jing)優(you)良(liang)，零工業，無污染。海拔在(zai)(zai)1000～1600m。 2.2水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況(kuang) 包括水(shui)(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)(shui)源和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質情(qing)況(kuang)及影響因(yin)子。 保(bao)護區(qu)境(jing)內流域面(mian)積分屬黃、淮兩大流域，地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)蘊藏豐富，充足(zu)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源為汝陽香菇提供了(le)良(liang)好的灌溉(gai)條件。 2.3氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang) 包括季(ji)(ji)(ji)風、溫(wen)度、濕(shi)度、日照和(he)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)等特殊氣(qi)候(hou)因(yin)子。 汝陽縣地處東亞中緯度地帶(dai)，屬暖溫(wen)帶(dai)半(ban)濕(shi)潤季(ji)(ji)(ji)風區(qu)大陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou) 。其(qi)特點：光照充足(zu)，氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和(he)，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)≧0℃積溫(wen)5181℃，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)14.0℃，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量673.1mm，無霜期213天左右；年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時數為2164小時。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷少(shao)雨雪，春季(ji)(ji)(ji)干旱多(duo)(duo)風，夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)炎(yan)熱多(duo)(duo)雨，秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)天高氣(qi)爽，晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差大。

三.地域范圍

汝陽(yang)杜仲地(di)域(yu)保護范(fan)圍為河南省洛陽(yang)市汝陽(yang)縣境內(nei)，涉及城關鎮(zhen)(zhen)、上店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、柏樹鄉(xiang)、十八盤(pan)鄉(xiang)、付店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、靳村鄉(xiang)、三屯鎮(zhen)(zhen)、劉店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、王坪鄉(xiang)、蔡(cai)店(dian)鄉(xiang)共10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)。汝陽(yang)杜仲保護范(fan)圍地(di)理坐標為東經112°8′—112 °38′，北緯(wei)33°49′—34°21′之間，生產規模1.67萬(wan)公頃，年產量 3萬(wan)噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在(zai)(zai)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)官(guan)特(te)征 是(shi)指(zhi)通過人的(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)官(guan)（視覺、味(wei)覺、嗅覺、觸覺等）能夠感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)知、感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)受(shou)到(dao)的(de)(de)特(te)殊品質(zhi)(zhi)及風味(wei)特(te)征。 汝陽杜仲(zhong)干(gan)葉呈暗(an)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)或褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)，葉片(pian)(pian)厚實，斷(duan)面有(you)均勻橡(xiang)膠絲，銀白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)，富(fu)彈(dan)性(xing)。杜仲(zhong)皮為扁平的(de)(de)板片(pian)(pian)狀或兩(liang)邊(bian)稍向內卷(juan)的(de)(de)塊(kuai)片(pian)(pian)，少數(shu)為微曲(qu)薄片(pian)(pian)，厚約2～7mm。杜仲(zhong)外表(biao)面淺棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)或灰褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)，未刮凈粗皮者(zhe)可(ke)見縱溝(gou)或裂紋(wen)，具斜方(fang)形(xing)橫裂皮孔，厚者(zhe)具縱槽(cao)狀皮孔，內皮呈暗(an)紫褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)，斷(duan)面橡(xiang)膠絲多(duo)而密。味(wei)苦，嚼(jiao)之始(shi)有(you)顆粒(li)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，后(hou)有(you)棉花感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。種子扁平，線形(xing)，長1.4～1.5㎝，寬(kuan)3 mm，兩(liang)端圓(yuan)形(xing)，堅果位(wei)于中(zhong)央，稍突(tu)起。 4.2內在(zai)(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)征 是(shi)指(zhi)需(xu)要通過儀(yi)器(qi)檢測的(de)(de)可(ke)量(liang)(liang)化的(de)(de)獨特(te)理化指(zhi)標。 根據(ju)農業(ye)(ye)部農產品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督檢驗測試中(zhong)心（鄭州）檢測結果顯示，汝陽杜仲(zhong)內在(zai)(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標：綠(lv)(lv)原(yuan)酸8.10～9.90g/kg。 4.3安(an)全(quan)要求(qiu) 明確(que)登記產品市(shi)場準入(ru)所遵循的(de)(de)國家(jia)強制性(xing)技(ji)術規范名(ming)稱、具體內容和相關法律(lv)法規規定(ding)。嚴格按照《中(zhong)藥材生產質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理規范（GAP）》標準進行(xing)，禁止(zhi)使用未依法登記和國家(jia)明令禁止(zhi)使用的(de)(de)農業(ye)(ye)投入(ru)品，推(tui)行(xing)標準化生產，切實保障杜仲(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇土(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou)(hou)、土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松、富含有(you)(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)透(tou)氣良(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)酸性至微堿(jian)性、排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)向陽緩坡地(di)(di)，周(zhou)邊環境不(bu)(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)污染(ran)(ran)源(yuan)。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)準使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工業(ye)廢棄物(wu)，城市垃圾(ji)和污泥，不(bu)(bu)得(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)未經發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵腐(fu)熟的(de)人(ren)畜(chu)糞便等有(you)(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料，防(fang)止(zhi)污染(ran)(ran)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環境。 3.2 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇 汝(ru)陽杜(du)仲(zhong)的(de)主(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為汝(ru)陽野生(sheng)(sheng)杜(du)仲(zhong)馴化品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)要特征是：根(gen)(gen)莖短粗，根(gen)(gen)數條，長(chang)(chang)圓柱狀，略彎曲，長(chang)(chang)約20cm(有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)可(ke)達33cm),直經0.3～1.5cm。新根(gen)(gen)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)紅(hong)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)，粗糙(cao)，具縱(zong)橫(heng)紋。老根(gen)(gen)外皮(pi)疏(shu)松，多顯紫棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)，斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)疏(shu)松，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)硬而脆(cui)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)裂隙(xi)或略平(ping)整而致密，皮(pi)部棕(zong)(zong)紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)，氣微，味微苦(ku)澀。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li) 汝(ru)陽杜(du)仲(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)處(chu)理(li)、育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、整地(di)(di)、移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)、大(da)田管(guan)理(li)、病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治、采(cai)收(shou)(shou)加(jia)工等步驟(zou)。 3.3.1 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)處(chu)理(li) 杜(du)仲(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)好(hao)(hao)(hao)壞受多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)素的(de)影(ying)響。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)上(shang)多根(gen)(gen)據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)外觀特征進(jin)(jin)(jin)行鑒別。合格(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子翌年(nian)(nian)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)率(lv)應(ying)在(zai)50％以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，如采(cai)取(qu)低溫或密封保存，優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)率(lv)可(ke)達90％以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。汝(ru)陽杜(du)仲(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)新鮮(xian)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)光澤，棕(zong)(zong)黃至棕(zong)(zong)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁處(chu)突出(chu)(chu)(chu)明顯，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁充實(shi)、飽滿，剝(bo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)胚乳為米黃色(se)(se)(se)的(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，放(fang)入(ru)60℃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)浸泡，自(zi)然降(jiang)溫，保持20℃，浸泡2～3d，當(dang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子膨脹，果皮(pi)軟化后取(qu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，控凈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)待(dai)播(bo)(bo)。 3.3.2育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao) 3.3.2.1 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建立 育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)地(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)濕潤(run)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃、排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)緩坡地(di)(di),秋(qiu)季深(shen)翻地(di)(di),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei),然后做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)并進(jin)(jin)(jin)行土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)消(xiao)毒。山(shan)地(di)(di)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)順山(shan)走(zou)勢,床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)1.2～1.5m,便于(yu)(yu)(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye),長(chang)(chang)度因(yin)地(di)(di)勢而定(ding),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)長(chang)(chang)度在(zai)3～5m。平(ping)地(di)(di)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)挖深(shen)25～30cm、寬(kuan)(kuan)1.0～1.2m、長(chang)(chang)度因(yin)地(di)(di)形而定(ding)的(de)長(chang)(chang)方形作(zuo)(zuo)為畦(qi)(qi)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)。 3.3.2.2 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 將(jiang)處(chu)理(li)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子拌入(ru)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)木(mu)灰和干(gan)土(tu)，山(shan)地(di)(di)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條播(bo)(bo)(壟式),行距20～25cm,株(zhu)距10cm,深(shen)度2～3cm,覆(fu)土(tu)厚(hou)(hou)1～2cm,厚(hou)(hou)薄要均勻。每(mei)(mei)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)4～5kg，播(bo)(bo)后澆透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)覆(fu)蓋(gai)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)或樹葉(xie)(xie)(xie),防(fang)止(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)或晚霜(shuang)為害(hai),在(zai)不(bu)(bu)影(ying)響苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)情(qing)況下,覆(fu)蓋(gai)物(wu)可(ke)留于(yu)(yu)(yu)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。 3.3.2.3 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)管(guan)理(li)。一(yi)是間苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，剔(ti)除(chu)過(guo)密、病(bing)(bing)害(hai)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，拔除(chu)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。根(gen)(gen)據土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)墑情(qing)及(ji)時(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.3.3 整地(di)(di) 于(yu)(yu)(yu)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)春(chun)季2月(yue)下旬～3月(yue)上(shang)旬進(jin)(jin)(jin)行。每(mei)(mei)畝撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)3m3，或100 kg三元(yuan)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。深(shen)翻25～30cm。作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi)(qi)寬(kuan)(kuan)1.5～2m，利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉。 3.3.4移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai) 汝(ru)陽杜(du)仲(zhong)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)在(zai)春(chun)天進(jin)(jin)(jin)行，移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)要全面(mian)(mian)(mian)翻耕(geng)(geng)，挖直徑約70cm，深(shen)70cm的(de)坑，坑內(nei)(nei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，且(qie)與(yu)土(tu)混(hun)合均勻，每(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1000～1500kg，株(zhu)行距1.5m*2m，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)100cm左(zuo)右的(de)無病(bing)(bing)害(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，邊起苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)邊移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)。 3.3.5 大(da)田管(guan)理(li) 3.3.5.1 中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao) 移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)3到(dao)4次(ci)，結合中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)掉田間雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。 3.3.5.2 追肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)春(chun)季萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和秋(qiu)季落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)后各施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)次(ci)，第一(yi)次(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)，起到(dao)促苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；第二次(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或三元(yuan)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)，作(zuo)(zuo)為基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。 3.3.5.3 灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)次(ci)數應(ying)根(gen)(gen)據氣候條件而定(ding)，降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)約600毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)，正常年(nian)(nian)份可(ke)不(bu)(bu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)600毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)，應(ying)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)3～4次(ci)，萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，新梢生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期，休眠(mian)期各灌(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)次(ci)，剝(bo)皮(pi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)3～5d灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉一(yi)次(ci)。如遇連陰(yin)雨(yu)天氣，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)，應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.3.5.4 病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治 杜(du)仲(zhong)病(bing)(bing)害(hai)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)(you)猝倒病(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)、根(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)，猝倒病(bing)(bing)和葉(xie)(xie)(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)初期噴(pen)65%代森(sen)鋅可(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑500～600倍液，25d噴(pen)一(yi)次(ci)，根(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)70%甲(jia)基托布(bu)津可(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑，挖寬(kuan)(kuan)30～45cm，深(shen)50～70cm環狀溝3～5條，100～150g/株(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)樹冠外圍。 3.3.5.5 采(cai)收(shou)(shou)加(jia)工 杜(du)仲(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植一(yi)般(ban)(ban)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，采(cai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)于(yu)(yu)(yu)8～10月(yue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行，晴(qing)天選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)成熟綠(lv)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)，自(zi)然曬干(gan)即可(ke)。杜(du)仲(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植10～15年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)才能開(kai)始(shi)剝(bo)皮(pi)，剝(bo)皮(pi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)4～6月(yue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸子齊地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)鋸一(yi)環狀口，深(shen)達木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部，向上(shang)80cm處(chu)再鋸第二道環狀口，在(zai)2個(ge)環狀口中(zhong)間縱(zong)割一(yi)切口，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)竹片刀從縱(zong)割口輕輕剝(bo)邊，使樹皮(pi)與(yu)木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分離(li)。剝(bo)下杜(du)仲(zhong)皮(pi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)開(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)燙后，層(ceng)層(ceng)緊(jin)實(shi)重(zhong)疊平(ping)放(fang)在(zai)麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)墊底(di)的(de)平(ping)地(di)(di)上(shang)，上(shang)蓋(gai)木(mu)板，加(jia)重(zhong)物(wu)壓實(shi)，四(si)周(zhou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)圍緊(jin)，使其發(fa)(fa)(fa)汗，7d左(zuo)右，內(nei)(nei)皮(pi)呈暗紫褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)，取(qu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)曬干(gan)，刮去(qu)粗皮(pi)即可(ke)。 3.3.5.6 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu) 在(zai)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，設專人(ren)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下記錄(lu)：生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)點(dian)、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)稱(cheng)、方式、時(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥名(ming)稱(cheng)、防(fang)治對象、方式、時(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)(liang)(liang)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲、倉儲、銷售等項目(mu)名(ming)稱(cheng)、方式、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)等。