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一.產品介紹

汝(ru)陽(yang)杜(du)仲是河南省洛陽(yang)市(shi)汝(ru)陽(yang)縣(xian)的(de)特產。汝(ru)陽(yang)杜(du)仲具補肝腎(shen)、強筋骨、降血壓、安(an)胎等諸多功效(xiao)。2000年汝(ru)陽(yang)縣(xian)被中國經濟林協會(hui)命名為“全國杜(du)仲之(zhi)鄉”。

河南汝陽地(di)處豫西山區，全縣總面積199.7萬(wan)畝(mu)，其中：林(lin)(lin)業用地(di)面積111.3萬(wan)畝(mu)，全縣森林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率51.5%，汝陽縣屬暖(nuan)溫帶(dai)落葉闊葉林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)，地(di)形復雜，氣候(hou)差異(yi)大，林(lin)(lin)業資源(yuan)豐富，植物種類繁多(duo)，其優越的自然條件十分有(you)利于(yu)杜仲的生長發育。

新中國(guo)60年(nian)來，汝(ru)陽(yang)的(de)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)展經(jing)歷(li)了大(da)落大(da)起(qi)的(de)變化，1957年(nian)前，汝(ru)陽(yang)合(he)抱(bao)粗的(de)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹到處洛(luo)陽(yang)林(lin)(lin)源杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)發(fa)有限(xian)公司(si)獲譽(yu)眾多可見，1958年(nian)，隨著大(da)煉鋼鐵(tie)運動的(de)開(kai)展，杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幾乎被(bei)毀殆(dai)盡。在20世紀(ji)80年(nian)代，隨著改革(ge)開(kai)放的(de)不(bu)斷深入(ru)，杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用及民用需求日益增大(da)，汝(ru)陽(yang)及時提(ti)出了大(da)力發(fa)展杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)可行性規劃，并(bing)于1985年(nian)元(yuan)月向(xiang)河南省林(lin)(lin)業(ye)廳提(ti)交了“建立(li)十萬畝(mu)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地”的(de)可行性報告，1986年(nian)河南省林(lin)(lin)業(ye)廳批準汝(ru)陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地縣；1987年(nian)又被(bei)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)部(bu)批準為(wei)(wei)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地縣，1995年(nian)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)計委和林(lin)(lin)業(ye)部(bu)聯合(he)確定汝(ru)陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)以工代賑林(lin)(lin)業(ye)扶貧示范項目(mu)，從而使汝(ru)陽(yang)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地建設又上了一(yi)個新臺階。目(mu)前，全(quan)縣已(yi)發(fa)展杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)21.5萬畝(mu)，占全(quan)縣經(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)總(zong)面(mian)積36.8萬畝(mu)的(de)58.4%，杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮、葉及系列產品年(nian)產量(liang)達1560萬公斤，年(nian)總(zong)產值1.2億元(yuan)，2000年(nian)被(bei)中國(guo)經(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)協會命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“全(quan)國(guo)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之鄉(xiang)”。

龍翁詩杜(du)仲(zhong)保健茶功效(xiao)(xiao)顯著 杜(du)仲(zhong)發(fa)(fa)展伊始(shi)，汝陽縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府就明(ming)確(que)提出了“規(gui)(gui)模發(fa)(fa)展、集約(yue)經營(ying)、整體效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)、長(chang)久優勢”的發(fa)(fa)展思路，堅(jian)持一手(shou)抓(zhua)資(zi)源培育，一手(shou)抓(zhua)資(zi)源保護(hu)，造、管并(bing)重的方針。圍繞這一思路，制(zhi)(zhi)定了杜(du)仲(zhong)基地建設發(fa)(fa)展總體規(gui)(gui)劃，并(bing)提交縣(xian)人大審議通過，使杜(du)仲(zhong)基地納入法制(zhi)(zhi)化軌道。

為提高杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)含量，在基(ji)(ji)地建設(she)的(de)(de)同時(shi)，成(cheng)(cheng)立杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)課(ke)題(ti)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)小組，對杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育苗技(ji)(ji)術、剝皮(pi)再生(sheng)(sheng)利用、杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)質(zhi)資源進(jin)行了(le)調查研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)工(gong)作，調查了(le)全國11個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)、市(shi)、區(qu)，收集品(pin)種(zhong)及(ji)變種(zhong)28個(ge)，從(cong)中篩選出優良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)13個(ge)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)粉作為飼料添加(jia)劑喂雞，其中華仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1－5號(hao)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優良(liang)系(xi)，已(yi)被(bei)國家(jia)納入“星火(huo)計劃(hua)”項目。“杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)質(zhi)及(ji)剝皮(pi)技(ji)(ji)術研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)”課(ke)題(ti)獲河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)民政府科(ke)技(ji)(ji)進(jin)步(bu)三等(deng)(deng)獎，河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)林業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)進(jin)步(bu)二等(deng)(deng)獎。 隨著杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)地的(de)(de)擴大和皮(pi)、葉(xie)產(chan)量的(de)(de)逐年增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，汝陽縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府按照產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)要(yao)求，把廉(lian)價出售皮(pi)、葉(xie)產(chan)品(pin)轉向(xiang)(xiang)以加(jia)工(gong)增(zeng)(zeng)值為主的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)系(xi)列產(chan)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)上來，使(shi)林業(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)延伸，工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與林業(ye)(ye)(ye)配套(tao)，走(zou)出一條“山(shan)上建基(ji)(ji)地，山(shan)下辦工(gong)廠，山(shan)外(wai)拓市(shi)場，科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創高效”的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)開發(fa)路子，自1990年以來，先后建成(cheng)(cheng)洛(luo)陽市(shi)“天然綠(lv)色食品(pin)有限公(gong)司(si)、洛(luo)陽樹仁公(gong)司(si)、洛(luo)陽市(shi)林源杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開發(fa)有限公(gong)司(si)、北京山(shan)里紅杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飲品(pin)有限公(gong)司(si)”，研(yan)制(zhi)開發(fa)出具有穩壓(ya)、健(jian)體、強(qiang)身的(de)(de)口服液系(xi)列產(chan)品(pin)和杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保健(jian)茶、飲品(pin)系(xi)列產(chan)品(pin)，從(cong)根本上解決(jue)了(le)我縣(xian)發(fa)展杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)后顧之(zhi)憂，為杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)再上新臺(tai)階注(zhu)入了(le)新的(de)(de)活力。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang) 包括(kuo)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類(lei)型、pH值、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥力狀況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)和地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)等典(dian)型特征。 汝陽(yang)(yang)杜仲(zhong)主要分(fen)布在(zai)南部山區(qu)，屬(shu)秦嶺余脈、外方山區(qu)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類(lei)型主要是(shi)褐土(tu)，其(qi)次是(shi)石質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)和粗骨土(tu)，土(tu)層厚度多(duo)數在(zai)80cm以(yi)上(shang)。PH值7.1～8.1之間(jian)，有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)11.1～31.3g/kg，全氮含量(liang)為(wei)0.54～2.75g/kg,有效磷含量(liang)12.5～33.4g/kg,速(su)效鉀含量(liang)71～378mg/kg，富含多(duo)種微量(liang)元素，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)相對疏松。森林覆蓋率88%。環境優良，零工業，無污染。海拔在(zai)1000～1600m。 2.2水(shui)文情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang) 包括(kuo)水(shui)系(xi)、水(shui)源和水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)及(ji)影響(xiang)因子。 保護區(qu)境內流域面(mian)積(ji)分(fen)屬(shu)黃、淮兩(liang)大流域，地(di)下水(shui)蘊藏豐富，充足的(de)水(shui)資源為(wei)汝陽(yang)(yang)香菇提供了良好的(de)灌溉條件。 2.3氣(qi)候情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang) 包括(kuo)季(ji)風(feng)、溫(wen)度、濕(shi)度、日照(zhao)和降水(shui)等特殊氣(qi)候因子。 汝陽(yang)(yang)縣地(di)處東亞中緯度地(di)帶，屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶半(ban)濕(shi)潤季(ji)風(feng)區(qu)大陸性季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候 。其(qi)特點：光照(zhao)充足，氣(qi)候溫(wen)和，四季(ji)分(fen)明。年平均(jun)≧0℃積(ji)溫(wen)5181℃，年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)14.0℃，年平均(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)673.1mm，無霜期213天左右；年平均(jun)日照(zhao)時數為(wei)2164小時。冬季(ji)寒冷少雨(yu)雪，春季(ji)干旱多(duo)風(feng)，夏季(ji)炎熱多(duo)雨(yu)，秋季(ji)天高氣(qi)爽(shuang)，晝夜溫(wen)差大。

三.地域范圍

汝陽杜仲地域保護(hu)范圍(wei)為河南(nan)省洛陽市汝陽縣境內(nei)，涉及(ji)城關鎮(zhen)(zhen)、上(shang)店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、柏樹(shu)鄉(xiang)、十八盤鄉(xiang)、付店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、靳村鄉(xiang)、三(san)屯鎮(zhen)(zhen)、劉店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、王坪鄉(xiang)、蔡店(dian)鄉(xiang)共(gong)10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)。汝陽杜仲保護(hu)范圍(wei)地理(li)坐標為東經112°8′—112 °38′，北緯33°49′—34°21′之間，生產(chan)規模1.67萬公頃，年產(chan)量 3萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外(wai)在(zai)(zai)感(gan)(gan)官(guan)特(te)(te)征 是(shi)指通(tong)過人的感(gan)(gan)官(guan)（視(shi)覺(jue)、味覺(jue)、嗅覺(jue)、觸覺(jue)等）能夠(gou)感(gan)(gan)知、感(gan)(gan)受到的特(te)(te)殊品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)及風(feng)味特(te)(te)征。 汝(ru)陽(yang)杜(du)仲干葉呈暗綠(lv)色或褐(he)色，葉片厚(hou)實，斷(duan)面(mian)有(you)均(jun)勻橡膠絲(si)，銀(yin)白色，富彈性。杜(du)仲皮為扁(bian)平的板(ban)片狀或兩邊稍向內卷(juan)的塊片，少數為微曲薄片，厚(hou)約2～7mm。杜(du)仲外(wai)表面(mian)淺棕色或灰褐(he)色，未(wei)刮(gua)凈粗皮者可見縱溝或裂(lie)紋，具(ju)斜方形橫裂(lie)皮孔，厚(hou)者具(ju)縱槽狀皮孔，內皮呈暗紫(zi)褐(he)色，斷(duan)面(mian)橡膠絲(si)多(duo)而密(mi)。味苦，嚼之始有(you)顆粒感(gan)(gan)，后有(you)棉花感(gan)(gan)。種子(zi)扁(bian)平，線形，長(chang)1.4～1.5㎝，寬3 mm，兩端圓(yuan)形，堅果位(wei)于中央，稍突起。 4.2內在(zai)(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)征 是(shi)指需要通(tong)過儀器檢(jian)測的可量(liang)化的獨特(te)(te)理化指標。 根據農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監督檢(jian)驗測試中心（鄭州(zhou)）檢(jian)測結(jie)果顯(xian)示，汝(ru)陽(yang)杜(du)仲內在(zai)(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標：綠(lv)原酸8.10～9.90g/kg。 4.3安全(quan)(quan)要求 明確登(deng)記產(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)場準(zhun)入所遵循的國(guo)家(jia)強制性技術規(gui)范名(ming)稱、具(ju)體內容(rong)和相關(guan)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)規(gui)定。嚴格按照(zhao)《中藥材生產(chan)(chan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理規(gui)范（GAP）》標準(zhun)進(jin)行，禁止(zhi)使(shi)用未(wei)依法(fa)登(deng)記和國(guo)家(jia)明令禁止(zhi)使(shi)用的農(nong)業(ye)投入品(pin)，推行標準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)，切實保障(zhang)杜(du)仲質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選擇(ze) 選擇(ze)土(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)(shen)(shen)厚(hou)、土(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松、富含有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)、透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)透(tou)氣良(liang)好、土(tu)壤酸性至(zhi)微堿性、排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)良(liang)好的(de)向(xiang)陽緩坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，周(zhou)邊(bian)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境不得有(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)源。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)不準使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工業廢棄物，城市垃圾(ji)和(he)(he)污(wu)(wu)泥，不得使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)未經(jing)發(fa)(fa)酵腐熟(shu)(shu)的(de)人(ren)畜糞(fen)便(bian)等(deng)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)，防止(zhi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境。 3.2 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze) 汝(ru)(ru)陽杜(du)(du)仲的(de)主(zhu)栽(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為汝(ru)(ru)陽野生(sheng)(sheng)杜(du)(du)仲馴化品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)特(te)征是：根(gen)(gen)莖短粗(cu)，根(gen)(gen)數條，長(chang)圓柱狀(zhuang)，略彎曲，長(chang)約(yue)20cm(有(you)(you)的(de)可(ke)(ke)達(da)33cm),直(zhi)經(jing)0.3～1.5cm。新根(gen)(gen)表面(mian)紅棕(zong)色(se)，粗(cu)糙(cao)，具縱橫紋。老根(gen)(gen)外(wai)(wai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)疏(shu)松，多顯紫棕(zong)色(se)，斷面(mian)疏(shu)松，質(zhi)硬(ying)而脆，有(you)(you)裂隙(xi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)略平整而致密(mi)，皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)部(bu)(bu)棕(zong)紅色(se)，氣微，味微苦(ku)澀。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程管(guan)理(li) 汝(ru)(ru)陽杜(du)(du)仲生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程包括(kuo)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)理(li)、育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)、整地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、移(yi)栽(zai)、大(da)(da)田(tian)管(guan)理(li)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害防治(zhi)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)收加工等(deng)步(bu)驟。 3.3.1 選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)理(li) 杜(du)(du)仲種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)品質(zhi)的(de)好壞受多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因素的(de)影響。目(mu)前生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)上(shang)多根(gen)(gen)據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)外(wai)(wai)觀(guan)特(te)征進(jin)(jin)行鑒別。合(he)格種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)翌年(nian)(nian)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時的(de)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)率應(ying)(ying)在(zai)50％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，如采(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)低溫或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)密(mi)封保存，優質(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)率可(ke)(ke)達(da)90％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。汝(ru)(ru)陽杜(du)(du)仲選用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)新鮮，有(you)(you)光澤，棕(zong)黃至(zhi)棕(zong)褐(he)(he)色(se)；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁(ren)處(chu)突(tu)出明顯，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁(ren)充實、飽滿，剝出胚乳為米黃色(se)的(de)優質(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，放入(ru)60℃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)浸泡(pao)，自(zi)(zi)然降溫，保持20℃，浸泡(pao)2～3d，當種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)膨脹，果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)軟化后取(qu)出，控凈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)待播(bo)。 3.3.2育(yu)苗(miao)(miao) 3.3.2.1 苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)建立 育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)土(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松、土(tu)壤濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)、肥(fei)(fei)沃、排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)良(liang)好的(de)緩坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),秋(qiu)季深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),施足基肥(fei)(fei),然后做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)并進(jin)(jin)行土(tu)壤消毒(du)。山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)(ying)順山走勢(shi),床(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)寬1.2～1.5m,便(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)業,長(chang)度因地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)而定(ding),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般長(chang)度在(zai)3～5m。平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)(ying)挖(wa)(wa)深(shen)(shen)(shen)25～30cm、寬1.0～1.2m、長(chang)度因地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形而定(ding)的(de)長(chang)方形作(zuo)(zuo)為畦床(chuang)(chuang)。 3.3.2.2 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 將處(chu)理(li)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)拌入(ru)草(cao)木灰和(he)(he)干土(tu)，山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條播(bo)(壟式),行距(ju)(ju)20～25cm,株距(ju)(ju)10cm,深(shen)(shen)(shen)度2～3cm,覆土(tu)厚(hou)1～2cm,厚(hou)薄要(yao)均勻。每(mei)(mei)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)4～5kg，播(bo)后澆透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。上(shang)面(mian)覆蓋雜(za)草(cao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)樹葉,防止(zhi)土(tu)壤水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)晚(wan)霜為害,在(zai)不影響苗(miao)(miao)木生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia),覆蓋物可(ke)(ke)留于(yu)(yu)(yu)床(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)。 3.3.2.3 苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)管(guan)理(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是間苗(miao)(miao)，剔(ti)除(chu)過密(mi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)害幼苗(miao)(miao)，拔除(chu)雜(za)草(cao)。根(gen)(gen)據土(tu)壤墑情及(ji)(ji)(ji)時澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.3.3 整地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di) 于(yu)(yu)(yu)當年(nian)(nian)春季2月下(xia)旬～3月上(shang)旬進(jin)(jin)行。每(mei)(mei)畝撒施農家肥(fei)(fei)3m3，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)100 kg三元復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)。深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻25～30cm。作(zuo)(zuo)畦寬1.5～2m，利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)。 3.3.4移(yi)栽(zai) 汝(ru)(ru)陽杜(du)(du)仲移(yi)栽(zai)在(zai)春天進(jin)(jin)行，移(yi)栽(zai)要(yao)全面(mian)翻耕(geng)，挖(wa)(wa)直(zhi)徑約(yue)70cm，深(shen)(shen)(shen)70cm的(de)坑(keng)，坑(keng)內施優質(zhi)農家肥(fei)(fei)，且(qie)與(yu)土(tu)混合(he)均勻，每(mei)(mei)畝施肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)1000～1500kg，株行距(ju)(ju)1.5m*2m，選擇(ze)苗(miao)(miao)高100cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的(de)無病(bing)(bing)(bing)害種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)，邊(bian)起苗(miao)(miao)邊(bian)移(yi)栽(zai)。 3.3.5 大(da)(da)田(tian)管(guan)理(li) 3.3.5.1 中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草(cao) 移(yi)栽(zai)當年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般中(zhong)耕(geng)3到(dao)(dao)4次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，結合(he)中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)掉田(tian)間雜(za)草(cao)。 3.3.5.2 追肥(fei)(fei) 每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)春季萌(meng)芽(ya)前和(he)(he)秋(qiu)季落葉后各(ge)施肥(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)，起到(dao)(dao)促(cu)苗(miao)(miao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)；第(di)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)農家肥(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)三元復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)，作(zuo)(zuo)為基肥(fei)(fei)。 3.3.5.3 灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數應(ying)(ying)根(gen)(gen)據氣候條件而定(ding)，降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)約(yue)600毫升(sheng)，正常年(nian)(nian)份可(ke)(ke)不灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)600毫升(sheng)，應(ying)(ying)灌(guan)(guan)3～4次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，萌(meng)芽(ya)前，新梢生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)，休眠(mian)期(qi)各(ge)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，剝皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)前3～5d灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。如遇連(lian)陰雨(yu)天氣，土(tu)壤出現積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時，應(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.3.5.4 病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害防治(zhi) 杜(du)(du)仲病(bing)(bing)(bing)害主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)猝倒(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、根(gen)(gen)腐病(bing)(bing)(bing)，猝倒(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)葉枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初(chu)期(qi)噴(pen)(pen)65%代森鋅(xin)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性粉劑(ji)500～600倍液(ye)，25d噴(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，根(gen)(gen)腐病(bing)(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)70%甲基托布津可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性粉劑(ji)，挖(wa)(wa)寬30～45cm，深(shen)(shen)(shen)50～70cm環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)溝3～5條，100～150g/株，施入(ru)樹冠外(wai)(wai)圍(wei)。 3.3.5.5 采(cai)(cai)(cai)收加工 杜(du)(du)仲種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般當年(nian)(nian)就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)葉利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)葉于(yu)(yu)(yu)8～10月進(jin)(jin)行，晴天選成熟(shu)(shu)綠葉采(cai)(cai)(cai)收，自(zi)(zi)然曬干即可(ke)(ke)。杜(du)(du)仲種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植10～15年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)才(cai)能開始剝皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)，剝皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)4～6月進(jin)(jin)行，用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸子(zi)齊地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)鋸一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)口(kou)，深(shen)(shen)(shen)達(da)木質(zhi)部(bu)(bu)，向(xiang)上(shang)80cm處(chu)再鋸第(di)二道環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)口(kou)，在(zai)2個(ge)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)口(kou)中(zhong)間縱割一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切口(kou)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)竹片刀從縱割口(kou)輕輕剝邊(bian)，使(shi)樹皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)與(yu)木質(zhi)分離。剝下(xia)杜(du)(du)仲皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)開水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)燙后，層(ceng)層(ceng)緊實重疊平放在(zai)麥草(cao)墊底的(de)平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)，上(shang)蓋木板(ban)，加重物壓(ya)實，四周(zhou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)草(cao)圍(wei)緊，使(shi)其發(fa)(fa)汗，7d左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，內皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)呈暗紫褐(he)(he)色(se)，取(qu)出曬干，刮去(qu)粗(cu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)即可(ke)(ke)。 3.3.5.6 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄 在(zai)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)，設(she)專人(ren)做(zuo)好以(yi)(yi)下(xia)記錄：生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點、農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品名(ming)稱、土(tu)壤耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)、施肥(fei)(fei)名(ming)稱、方式、時間、施肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)、施用(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥(yao)名(ming)稱、防治(zhi)對象、方式、時間、施用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)(liang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收獲、倉儲(chu)、銷售等(deng)項目(mu)名(ming)稱、方式、數量(liang)(liang)等(deng)。