一.產品介紹
簡介
菊花芯柚果實闊(kuo)倒卵形,果形微(wei)偏微(wei)凹(ao),果臍部有(you)放射狀(zhuang)溝紋,似(si)菊花形而得(de)名(ming)。果肉深紅色,紅晶(jing)透(tou)亮,肉質(zhi)脆嫩(nen),風味濃美(mei),化渣爽口,甜酸適口,營養豐富,耐貯耐運,品質(zhi)優良(liang)。自問世以(yi)來(lai),一直被(bei)譽為柚中珍品,擁有(you)天然“水果罐頭(tou)”之美(mei)稱。2007年度(du)張家(jia)界菊花芯柚榮獲全市柑桔鑒評“優質(zhi)獎”。
形態特征
張家界菊花芯柚屬于蕓香科柚類,葉型長橢圓形,樹勢強健,常綠喬木,樹冠自然圓頭形,樹姿開張,花瓣肥厚呈白色,花大。總狀花序或穗狀花序,以無葉花序居多,經濟壽命100年左右。據測定:內含可溶性固形物10.5-11.6%;每100克果汁中含總糖7.86克,還原(yuan)糖2.80克,含(han)(han)總酸0.68克,含(han)(han)維生(sheng)素C100.53毫(hao)(hao)克,含(han)(han)鈣28.43毫(hao)(hao)克,含(han)(han)鐵0.092毫(hao)(hao)克,含(han)(han)鋅1.05毫(hao)(hao)克。具(ju)有降(jiang)血壓、降(jiang)血脂、減血栓、助消化(hua)、止咳化(hua)痰、健脾(pi)、減肥(fei)美容(rong)等功效。
菊花芯(xin)柚屬于中熟品種,11月下(xia)旬至(zhi)12上旬成熟采收(shou)(shou)上市,極耐貯運。果(guo)實采收(shou)(shou)后在(zai)常溫下(xia)貯藏210-260天(tian)仍可保(bao)持優良(liang)品質,無粒化,肉脆味美(mei)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)地貌(mao)(mao)特征與土壤(rang)環(huan)境(jing):永定區位于(yu)武(wu)陵山脈腹地,地貌(mao)(mao)以山丘為主,地勢(shi)是南(nan)、北部高(gao)往澧(li)水(shui)流域(yu)傾斜,中部低(di)洼。張(zhang)家界(jie)菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)(you)主產(chan)(chan)區位于(yu)澧(li)水(shui)流域(yu)海拔(ba)100m-300m之間低(di)丘、平(ping)原地帶,土質肥(fei)沃、透(tou)(tou)氣、保水(shui)、保肥(fei),pH值在(zai)4.5~8.0之間,有(you)機質含量11~70g/㎏,全氮0.85~2.90g/㎏,堿解氮55~280㎎/㎏,有(you)效磷7.5~120㎎/㎏,速效鉀35~320㎎/㎏,富含多種(zhong)礦物元素,結構疏松,是張(zhang)家界(jie)菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)(you)生長(chang)的(de)獨特土壤(rang)條件(jian)。 (2)氣候(hou)情(qing)況:產(chan)(chan)區屬中亞(ya)熱帶山原型季(ji)風(feng)濕潤氣候(hou),溫(wen)度適宜,雨量充沛,日(ri)照充足(zu),四(si)季(ji)分明(ming)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)16.8℃,1月平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度≥4℃,絕對最(zui)低(di)溫(wen)度≥-3.5℃,≥10℃的(de)年(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)4800℃以上,年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量1400mm,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照1450 h以上,這(zhe)種(zhong)氣候(hou)環(huan)境(jing)非(fei)常適合張(zhang)家界(jie)菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)(you)的(de)生長(chang)。 (3)水(shui)文情(qing)況:永定區位于(yu)澧(li)水(shui)河中上游(you),澧(li)水(shui)流貫全境(jing),全長(chang)91公里。沿河兩岸有(you)許多蓄、引水(shui)工程,與大小(xiao)山塘、河壩、水(shui)庫(ku)渠(qu)道相(xiang)通(tong),柚(you)(you)(you)園內有(you)大小(xiao)蓄水(shui)池(chi)、引水(shui)渠(qu)(溝)相(xiang)連(lian),地下水(shui)水(shui)質良好(hao),清澈透(tou)(tou)明(ming),為張(zhang)家界(jie)菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)(you)生產(chan)(chan)基地提供了十分有(you)利的(de)灌溉條件(jian)。
三.地域范圍
張家(jia)(jia)界菊花芯柚農產(chan)品地理標志地域保(bao)護范圍包(bao)括永定區西溪(xi)坪街(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)(shi)處、陽(yang)湖坪街(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)(shi)處、楓(feng)香崗(gang)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)(shi)處、后坪街(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)(shi)處、沙(sha)堤(di)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)(shi)處、茅巖河鎮(zhen)、新橋鎮(zhen)、合(he)作橋鄉(xiang)、尹家(jia)(jia)溪(xi)鎮(zhen)、教字埡(wu)鎮(zhen)、橋頭鄉(xiang)11個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)(shi)處。地理坐(zuo)標位于(yu):東經110°17′00.0″-110°38′17.4″,北緯29°05′39.2″-29°12′22.1″。基地總(zong)生產(chan)面積1333.3公(gong)頃,年總(zong)產(chan)量30000噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官(guan)特征:張家界菊花(hua)(hua)芯柚果實闊倒卵形(xing),果頂(ding)微扁微凹(ao),果臍部(bu)有(you)放射(she)狀溝(gou)紋,似菊花(hua)(hua)形(xing),果面色澤淡黃色,較(jiao)光(guang)滑,白皮層微帶紅(hong)暈,不易剝(bo)離(li),囊瓣腎形(xing)。果肉淡紅(hong),肉質(zhi)脆嫩化渣,甜酸(suan)可口,風味(wei)濃(nong)。 (2)內在品質(zhi)指標(biao):可溶性固形(xing)物(wu)含量≥10.5 %,可滴定酸(suan)≤0.4g/100g,果肉含維生素C≥25.0mg/100g。 (3)安全(quan)要(yao)求:符(fu)合GB2762和GB2763等規(gui)定。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與(yu)要求(qiu) 張(zhang)家(jia)界(jie)(jie)(jie)菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)遠離(li)工(gong)廠、村莊和(he)住宅區(qu),附近沒有污染(ran)(ran)源,在(zai)(zai)(zai)澧(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流域海拔100m-300m之間(jian)低(di)丘、平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,坡(po)度控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)25°以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤要求(qiu)為河流沖積(ji)沙(sha)壤土(tu)(tu)(tu),pH值6.5—7.5,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位離(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)1m以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)符合(he)(he)NY/391-2013綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。 (2)砧木、接穗(sui)選(xuan)擇與(yu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)特定要求(qiu) 適宜(yi)張(zhang)家(jia)界(jie)(jie)(jie)菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砧木有枳(zhi)砧和(he)酸柚(you),接穗(sui)來源張(zhang)家(jia)界(jie)(jie)(jie)菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)原(yuan)種(zhong)園(yuan),苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木質量(liang)(liang)按GB/T9659《柑桔嫁接苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)分(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)及(ji)(ji)檢驗》執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),提(ti)(ti)(ti)倡栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)脫(tuo)毒容器苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。容器苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)可全(quan)年(nian)(nian)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi),裸根(gen)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)10月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)~11月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)秋(qiu)梢(shao)(shao)老(lao)熟(shu)后(hou)或(huo)(huo)2月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)~3月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)春梢(shao)(shao)萌芽前(qian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密度枳(zhi)砧嫁接苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)畝(mu)定植(zhi)(zhi)44株﹙5m×3m﹚,坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)畝(mu)定植(zhi)(zhi)55株﹙4m×3m﹚;酸柚(you)砧嫁苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)畝(mu)定植(zhi)(zhi)33株﹙5m×4m﹚;坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)畝(mu)定植(zhi)(zhi)42株﹙4m×4m﹚。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)掉根(gen)系彎曲部(bu)分(fen)(fen),舒展根(gen)系,再(zai)放(fang)入(ru)(ru)定植(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu),邊(bian)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)邊(bian)向上(shang)(shang)輕提(ti)(ti)(ti),使根(gen)系充分(fen)(fen)與(yu)定植(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he),并扶正(zheng)(zheng)、踏緊(jin),使根(gen)頸部(bu)應(ying)稍高(gao)于地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)柚(you)子苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基部(bu)形(xing)(xing)成直(zhi)(zhi)徑100cm左右(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)(pan),灌足定根(gen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)江糯米柚(you)作(zuo)(zuo)授粉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),按10:1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例(li)配置(zhi)。 (3)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)管理(li)(li) ①土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤管理(li)(li) 間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)或(huo)(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao):柚(you)園(yuan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)倡生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei),草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)以(yi)(yi)三(san)葉草(cao)、黑麥草(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)為宜(yi);幼(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、黃豆、西瓜、蔬菜等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)。草(cao)類(lei)或(huo)(huo)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)要適時刈割翻埋于土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)(huo)覆蓋于樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)(pan)。 覆蓋與(yu)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu):封行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前(qian)于每(mei)年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)(pan)覆蓋,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雜草(cao)、稻草(cao)、作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)莖(jing)桿將樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤蓋上(shang)(shang);高(gao)溫或(huo)(huo)干(gan)(gan)旱季(ji)節(jie),提(ti)(ti)(ti)倡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)(pan)內(nei)(nei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)秸桿覆蓋,厚度10~15cm,覆蓋物(wu)(wu)應(ying)與(yu)根(gen)莖(jing)保(bao)持10cm左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離(li)。培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕松(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 ②施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)次梢(shao)(shao)抽前(qian)10d—15d及(ji)(ji)抽梢(shao)(shao)后(hou)10d—15d各進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)1—2次,頂芽自(zi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)至新梢(shao)(shao)轉(zhuan)綠(lv)前(qian)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)病蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉面(mian)追肥(fei)1—2次。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)狀溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、條溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、穴(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方法(fa)。溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)外圍處(chu),挖穴(xue)長(chang)(chang)50cm×寬20cm×深10cm,東西、南(nan)北對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)輪(lun)換位置(zhi)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)雨或(huo)(huo)灌溉后(hou)可在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素,提(ti)(ti)(ti)倡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)一(yi)體化。 ③整形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian) 整形(xing)(xing):采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)然開心(xin)形(xing)(xing),主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)50~60cm,選(xuan)留4~5個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距50~60cm,各主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)配置(zhi)副(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)3~5個(ge)側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3m以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。 幼(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(1~4年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)宜(yi)輕。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)選(xuan)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)干(gan)(gan)和(he)各主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、副(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延(yan)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)適度短(duan)截(jie),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)過密枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群和(he)擾亂(luan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交叉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、重疊枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)適當疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)刪(shan)或(huo)(huo)短(duan)截(jie),其它(ta)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)均可不(bu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian),內(nei)(nei)膛枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)較弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)一(yi)般均應(ying)保(bao)留。 初結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(5~10年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):以(yi)(yi)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)刪(shan)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)為主(zhu)(zhu)。重點是(shi)控制(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)頂部(bu),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)頂部(bu)和(he)外圍過密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群,按“三(san)去(qu)一(yi)、五去(qu)二”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa),將直(zhi)(zhi)立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)衰(shuai)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu),保(bao)留長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):短(duan)截(jie)與(yu)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)刪(shan)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)相結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)。及(ji)(ji)時回縮結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組、落花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組和(he)衰(shuai)退枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病蟲(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較擁(yong)擠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適當疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)開“側(ce)(ce)窗(chuang)”,將光線引(yin)入(ru)(ru)內(nei)(nei)膛。當年(nian)(nian)抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較多晚秋(qiu)梢(shao)(shao)營養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),應(ying)及(ji)(ji)時抹除(chu)(chu),以(yi)(yi)免影響花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽分(fen)(fen)化,防(fang)(fang)止大小年(nian)(nian)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)量(liang)(liang)較大時適量(liang)(liang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序及(ji)(ji)時疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)抹處(chu)理(li)(li)。 ④花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理(li)(li) 授粉:張(zhang)家(jia)界(jie)(jie)(jie)菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)自(zi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)結(jie)(jie)實(shi)率高(gao),在(zai)(zai)(zai)配置(zhi)授粉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)(xia),坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率更高(gao),不(bu)需要人工(gong)授粉。 疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)定果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo):分(fen)(fen)2次進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)一(yi)次疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)二次疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)病蟲(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。始(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)株留果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)8—10個(ge),盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)隨樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)齡增長(chang)(chang)每(mei)株留果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)50—150個(ge)。 套袋:在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)層專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)袋套果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),于采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收前(qian)20d摘袋。 ⑤病蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)清(qing)園(yuan):幼(you)年(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)底(di)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)清(qing)園(yuan),成年(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)15d進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)清(qing)園(yuan),剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)病蟲(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉,撿拾(shi)落葉、落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銷毀(hui)。于晴天(tian)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)45%結(jie)(jie)晶石(shi)硫合(he)(he)劑300倍液對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黑光燈和(he)黃板引(yin)誘(you)或(huo)(huo)驅避(bi)吸果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夜蛾、金龜子、卷葉蛾、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、粉虱等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)害蟲(chong)(chong);人工(gong)捕捉天(tian)牛(niu)、蚱蟬、金龜子等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)害蟲(chong)(chong)。 化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):選(xuan)擇使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)毒及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)源農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)、植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)源農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)、礦物(wu)(wu)源農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),嚴格掌握安(an)全(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收前(qian)45d內(nei)(nei)不(bu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。 (4)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收及(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)后(hou)處(chu)理(li)(li) ①果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收 鮮(xian)銷果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)常成熟(shu),表現出本品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)固有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質特征(色澤、香、風(feng)味(wei)和(he)口感等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng))時采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收,貯藏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)比鮮(xian)銷果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)宜(yi)早7~10d采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)圓頭果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),要求(qiu)一(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)兩(liang)剪(jian)(jian)(jian),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蒂平(ping)(ping)(ping)齊,分(fen)(fen)批采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘,輕拿輕放(fang)。貯運(yun)工(gong)具必須清(qing)潔(jie)、干(gan)(gan)燥、無異味(wei)、無污染(ran)(ran)、防(fang)(fang)雨、防(fang)(fang)曬(shai),嚴禁與(yu)有毒、有害、易污染(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)混(hun)裝,混(hun)運(yun)。 ②商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)化處(chu)理(li)(li) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗或(huo)(huo)干(gan)(gan)洗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)清(qing)潔(jie)處(chu)理(li)(li),清(qing)洗用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質量(liang)(liang)須符合(he)(he)相關安(an)全(quan)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規定。以(yi)(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)重量(liang)(liang)為分(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)依據,共分(fen)(fen)五級(ji)(ji)(ji):一(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1800克(ke)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)、二級(ji)(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1600~1799克(ke)、三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1400~1599克(ke)、四(si)級(ji)(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1200~1399克(ke)、五級(ji)(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1000~1199克(ke)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)網(wang)袋或(huo)(huo)紙箱包裝。包裝物(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)應(ying)標示品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)名稱(cheng)、等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)、產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)編號等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)相關信息。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu):要求(qiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),設專(zhuan)人做好以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱(cheng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤耕作(zuo)(zuo),肥(fei)料(liao)種(zhong)類(lei)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方式、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)時間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)名稱(cheng)、方式、時間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)(liang),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)收獲(huo)、倉儲、銷售(shou)(shou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)、方式、數量(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。建立詳(xiang)細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、田管記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、加(jia)工(gong)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、出入(ru)(ru)庫記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、銷售(shou)(shou)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。
六.包裝標(biao)識(shi)相(xiang)關規定
本規定地域范圍內的(de)張家(jia)界菊(ju)花芯柚農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe),在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包裝上使用農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi),須向張家(jia)界市永定區經(jing)濟(ji)作物管理站提出申請,按照相(xiang)關要求規范生產(chan)(chan)(chan)和使用標(biao)志(zhi),統一(yi)采用張家(jia)界菊(ju)花芯柚產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)和農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)識相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)標(biao)識標(biao)注方法。