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一.產品介紹

簡介

菊(ju)花(hua)芯(xin)柚果(guo)實闊倒(dao)卵(luan)形，果(guo)形微(wei)偏微(wei)凹，果(guo)臍部有(you)放射狀溝紋(wen)，似菊(ju)花(hua)形而得名(ming)。果(guo)肉(rou)(rou)深(shen)紅(hong)色，紅(hong)晶透亮，肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)脆嫩，風味濃美，化渣爽口，甜(tian)酸適口，營養豐富，耐(nai)貯耐(nai)運，品(pin)質(zhi)優良。自(zi)問世以來(lai)，一直被(bei)譽為柚中珍品(pin)，擁有(you)天然“水果(guo)罐頭”之美稱。2007年(nian)度張家界菊(ju)花(hua)芯(xin)柚榮獲全(quan)市柑桔鑒評“優質(zhi)獎”。

形態特征

張家界菊花芯柚屬于蕓香科柚類，葉型長橢圓形，樹勢強健，常綠喬木，樹冠自然圓頭形，樹姿開張，花瓣肥厚呈白色，花大。總狀花序或穗狀花序，以無葉花序居多，經濟壽命100年左右。據測定：內含可溶性固形物10.5-11.6%;每100克果汁中含總糖7.86克，還原(yuan)糖2.80克，含總(zong)酸0.68克，含維生素C100.53毫(hao)(hao)克,含鈣(gai)28.43毫(hao)(hao)克，含鐵0.092毫(hao)(hao)克，含鋅1.05毫(hao)(hao)克。具有降(jiang)血壓(ya)、降(jiang)血脂、減血栓、助消化、止咳(ke)化痰、健(jian)脾、減肥美容等功(gong)效(xiao)。

菊花芯柚屬(shu)于中(zhong)熟品種，11月下旬至12上旬成熟采收(shou)(shou)上市，極(ji)耐貯(zhu)運。果實采收(shou)(shou)后在(zai)常溫下貯(zhu)藏210-260天仍可保(bao)持(chi)優良品質，無粒化，肉(rou)脆味美。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)特征與(yu)土壤(rang)環境：永(yong)定(ding)區(qu)位于武陵山脈腹地(di)(di)(di)，地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)以山丘為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，地(di)(di)(di)勢是(shi)南、北部高往澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域(yu)傾(qing)斜，中(zhong)(zhong)部低(di)(di)洼(wa)。張(zhang)家界菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)芯(xin)柚主(zhu)產區(qu)位于澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域(yu)海(hai)拔(ba)100m-300m之(zhi)間(jian)低(di)(di)丘、平(ping)原地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，土質(zhi)(zhi)肥沃、透氣、保水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、保肥，pH值在(zai)4.5～8.0之(zhi)間(jian)，有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量11～70g/㎏，全(quan)氮0.85～2.90g/㎏，堿(jian)解氮55～280㎎/㎏，有效磷7.5～120㎎/㎏，速效鉀35～320㎎/㎏，富含(han)多種礦物元素，結構疏松(song)，是(shi)張(zhang)家界菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)芯(xin)柚生(sheng)長的(de)(de)獨特土壤(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。 （2）氣候(hou)情況(kuang)：產區(qu)屬中(zhong)(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)山原型季(ji)風濕潤氣候(hou)，溫(wen)度適宜，雨量充沛，日(ri)(ri)照充足(zu)，四季(ji)分(fen)明(ming)。年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)16.8℃，1月平(ping)均溫(wen)度≥4℃，絕對(dui)最低(di)(di)溫(wen)度≥-3.5℃，≥10℃的(de)(de)年積溫(wen)4800℃以上(shang)，年降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量1400mm，年平(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照1450 h以上(shang)，這種氣候(hou)環境非常適合張(zhang)家界菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)芯(xin)柚的(de)(de)生(sheng)長。 （3）水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)：永(yong)定(ding)區(qu)位于澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)游，澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)貫全(quan)境，全(quan)長91公里。沿河兩岸(an)有許多蓄、引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)，與(yu)大小山塘、河壩、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫渠道相通，柚園內有大小蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池、引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠（溝）相連，地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良好，清澈透明(ming)，為(wei)(wei)張(zhang)家界菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)芯(xin)柚生(sheng)產基地(di)(di)(di)提供了十(shi)分(fen)有利的(de)(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。

三.地域范圍

張家界菊花芯柚農(nong)產(chan)品地理(li)標志地域保護范圍包括(kuo)永定(ding)區西溪坪街(jie)(jie)道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事(shi)處、陽湖坪街(jie)(jie)道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事(shi)處、楓香崗(gang)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事(shi)處、后坪街(jie)(jie)道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事(shi)處、沙堤街(jie)(jie)道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事(shi)處、茅(mao)巖河鎮(zhen)、新橋鎮(zhen)、合作(zuo)橋鄉(xiang)、尹家溪鎮(zhen)、教(jiao)字埡鎮(zhen)、橋頭鄉(xiang)11個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事(shi)處。地理(li)坐標位于：東經110°17′00.0″-110°38′17.4″，北緯29°05′39.2″-29°12′22.1″。基地總(zong)生產(chan)面積(ji)1333.3公(gong)頃，年總(zong)產(chan)量30000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

（1）外在感官特(te)征：張家界菊花芯柚果實闊(kuo)倒卵形(xing)，果頂微(wei)扁微(wei)凹，果臍部(bu)有放射狀(zhuang)溝紋，似菊花形(xing)，果面色澤淡黃(huang)色，較光滑，白皮(pi)層微(wei)帶(dai)紅暈，不易(yi)剝離(li)，囊(nang)瓣腎形(xing)。果肉淡紅，肉質脆嫩化渣，甜酸可(ke)口，風味濃。 （2）內在品質指標：可(ke)溶性固(gu)形(xing)物含(han)(han)量≥10.5 %，可(ke)滴定(ding)酸≤0.4g/100g，果肉含(han)(han)維(wei)生素C≥25.0mg/100g。 （3）安全要求：符(fu)合GB2762和GB2763等規定(ding)。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與(yu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu) 張(zhang)家(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)基(ji)地(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)遠離工(gong)廠、村(cun)莊和(he)(he)(he)(he)住宅區，附近沒有污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)澧水(shui)(shui)流(liu)域(yu)海拔100m-300m之間(jian)低(di)丘(qiu)、平原(yuan)地(di)(di)帶，坡度控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)25°以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)河流(liu)沖積沙壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，pH值6.5—7.5，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)離地(di)(di)面(mian)1m以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)符(fu)合(he)NY/391－2013綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。 （2）砧(zhen)木、接穗(sui)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與(yu)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu) 適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)張(zhang)家(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)砧(zhen)木有枳砧(zhen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)酸(suan)柚(you)(you)，接穗(sui)來源(yuan)張(zhang)家(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)原(yuan)種園(yuan)，苗(miao)木質(zhi)量(liang)按GB/T9659《柑(gan)桔(jie)嫁接苗(miao)分(fen)級(ji)及檢(jian)驗》執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，提(ti)倡栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫毒容器苗(miao)。容器苗(miao)可(ke)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，裸根(gen)(gen)(gen)苗(miao)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)10月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)～11月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)秋(qiu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)老熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)或2月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)～3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)春梢(shao)(shao)(shao)萌芽前(qian)(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度枳砧(zhen)嫁接苗(miao)平地(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)44株(zhu)﹙5m×3m﹚，坡地(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)55株(zhu)﹙4m×3m﹚；酸(suan)柚(you)(you)砧(zhen)嫁苗(miao)平地(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)33株(zhu)﹙5m×4m﹚；坡地(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)42株(zhu)﹙4m×4m﹚。栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)剪(jian)(jian)掉根(gen)(gen)(gen)系彎曲部分(fen)，舒(shu)展根(gen)(gen)(gen)系，再放入定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部，邊培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)邊向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)輕提(ti)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系充分(fen)與(yu)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)，并扶正、踏緊，使(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)頸(jing)部應(ying)(ying)稍高(gao)(gao)于地(di)(di)面(mian)，在(zai)(zai)柚(you)(you)子(zi)苗(miao)基(ji)部形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)直徑100cm左右樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)(pan)，灌(guan)足定(ding)(ding)根(gen)(gen)(gen)水(shui)(shui)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安江(jiang)糯米柚(you)(you)作(zuo)授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，按10：1的(de)(de)(de)比例(li)配置。 （3）栽(zai)培(pei)管(guan)理(li)(li) ①土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)管(guan)理(li)(li) 間(jian)作(zuo)或生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)：柚(you)(you)園(yuan)提(ti)倡生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)栽(zai)培(pei)，草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種以(yi)(yi)三葉(xie)草(cao)、黑麥草(cao)等(deng)(deng)為(wei)宜(yi)；幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)作(zuo)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、黃豆、西瓜、蔬菜等(deng)(deng)農(nong)作(zuo)物。草(cao)類(lei)或間(jian)作(zuo)物要(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)刈(yi)割翻埋(mai)于土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)于樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)(pan)。 覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)與(yu)培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)：封行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)于每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)(pan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雜草(cao)、稻草(cao)、作(zuo)物莖桿(gan)將(jiang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)蓋(gai)(gai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)；高(gao)(gao)溫或干(gan)(gan)旱季節，提(ti)倡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)(pan)內(nei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)秸桿(gan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)，厚度10～15cm，覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)物應(ying)(ying)與(yu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)莖保持10cm左右的(de)(de)(de)距離。培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)冬季中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕松土(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 ②施(shi)(shi)肥 在(zai)(zai)每(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)抽(chou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)10d—15d及抽(chou)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)(hou)10d—15d各進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)肥1—2次(ci)(ci)，頂(ding)(ding)芽自剪(jian)(jian)至新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)轉(zhuan)綠前(qian)(qian)(qian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)病蟲防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)面(mian)追肥1—2次(ci)(ci)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)肥采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)狀溝施(shi)(shi)、條(tiao)溝施(shi)(shi)、穴施(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法。溝施(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠滴(di)水(shui)(shui)外圍處，挖穴長(chang)50cm×寬20cm×深10cm，東(dong)西、南北對稱(cheng)(cheng)輪換位(wei)置。下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)雨(yu)或灌(guan)溉后(hou)(hou)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素，提(ti)倡水(shui)(shui)肥一(yi)體化。 ③整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)：采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自然開心(xin)形(xing)(xing)，主干(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)50～60cm，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留4～5個(ge)(ge)(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距50～60cm，各主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)配置副(fu)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或3～5個(ge)(ge)(ge)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)3m以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。 幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)（1～4年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)）修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)：修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)宜(yi)輕。對選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)干(gan)(gan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)各主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、副(fu)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)適(shi)(shi)度短(duan)截，對過(guo)(guo)密枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群(qun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)擾(rao)亂(luan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)叉(cha)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、重疊枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競(jing)爭(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)作(zuo)適(shi)(shi)當疏刪(shan)(shan)(shan)或短(duan)截，其它枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)均可(ke)不(bu)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)，內(nei)膛(tang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部較弱的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)一(yi)般均應(ying)(ying)保留。 初結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)（5～10年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)）修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):以(yi)(yi)疏刪(shan)(shan)(shan)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)為(wei)主。重點是控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠頂(ding)(ding)部，對樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠頂(ding)(ding)部和(he)(he)(he)(he)外圍過(guo)(guo)密的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群(qun)，按“三去一(yi)、五去二(er)”的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法，將(jiang)直立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、長(chang)勢強的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)及密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)衰弱的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏去，保留長(chang)勢中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):短(duan)截與(yu)疏刪(shan)(shan)(shan)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)相結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)。及時(shi)(shi)(shi)回縮結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組、落花(hua)(hua)落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組和(he)(he)(he)(he)衰退枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組，剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對較擁擠的(de)(de)(de)骨干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)(shi)當疏剪(jian)(jian)開“側(ce)窗”，將(jiang)光(guang)(guang)線引(yin)入內(nei)膛(tang)。當年(nian)(nian)抽(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較多晚秋(qiu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)營(ying)養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)抹除(chu)，以(yi)(yi)免影(ying)響花(hua)(hua)芽分(fen)化，防(fang)(fang)止大(da)小(xiao)年(nian)(nian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。花(hua)(hua)量(liang)較大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)量(liang)疏花(hua)(hua)疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，對部分(fen)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)序及時(shi)(shi)(shi)疏抹處理(li)(li)。 ④花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)(li) 授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)：張(zhang)家(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)自花(hua)(hua)結(jie)(jie)(jie)實率高(gao)(gao)，在(zai)(zai)配置授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率更(geng)高(gao)(gao)，不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)人工(gong)授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)。 疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)定(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)：分(fen)2次(ci)(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，在(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏除(chu)病蟲果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。始果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)留果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)8—10個(ge)(ge)(ge)，盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)隨樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)齡增長(chang)每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)留果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)50—150個(ge)(ge)(ge)。 套(tao)袋(dai)：在(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單層專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)袋(dai)套(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，于采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)20d摘袋(dai)。 ⑤病蟲害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 冬季清(qing)(qing)園(yuan)：幼年(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)底進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冬季清(qing)(qing)園(yuan)，成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)15d進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冬季清(qing)(qing)園(yuan)，剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)病蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)，撿拾落葉(xie)、落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銷(xiao)(xiao)毀。于晴天(tian)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)45%結(jie)(jie)(jie)晶石硫合(he)劑300倍液對樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)噴施(shi)(shi)。 物理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黑光(guang)(guang)燈和(he)(he)(he)(he)黃板引(yin)誘(you)或驅(qu)避吸果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夜(ye)蛾(e)(e)、金龜子(zi)、卷葉(xie)蛾(e)(e)、蚜蟲、粉(fen)(fen)虱等(deng)(deng)害蟲；人工(gong)捕捉天(tian)牛(niu)、蚱蟬、金龜子(zi)等(deng)(deng)害蟲。 化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)毒及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物源(yuan)農(nong)藥(yao)、植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物源(yuan)農(nong)藥(yao)、礦物源(yuan)農(nong)藥(yao)，嚴(yan)格掌握(wo)安全(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)45d內(nei)不(bu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)。 （4）果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)及產(chan)(chan)后(hou)(hou)處理(li)(li) ①果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou) 鮮銷(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實正常成(cheng)熟(shu)，表現出本品(pin)(pin)(pin)種固有的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特征（色澤、香(xiang)、風味(wei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)口感等(deng)(deng)）時(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)，貯藏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)比鮮銷(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)宜(yi)早7～10d采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)圓頭果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)剪(jian)(jian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)一(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)兩剪(jian)(jian)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蒂(di)平齊，分(fen)批(pi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘，輕拿輕放。貯運(yun)工(gong)具必須(xu)清(qing)(qing)潔、干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、無異味(wei)、無污(wu)染(ran)、防(fang)(fang)雨(yu)、防(fang)(fang)曬，嚴(yan)禁與(yu)有毒、有害、易污(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)物品(pin)(pin)(pin)混裝(zhuang)，混運(yun)。 ②商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)化處理(li)(li) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)洗或干(gan)(gan)洗的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式對果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)清(qing)(qing)潔處理(li)(li)，清(qing)(qing)洗用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)量(liang)須(xu)符(fu)合(he)相關安全(quan)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規定(ding)(ding)。以(yi)(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實重量(liang)為(wei)分(fen)級(ji)依據(ju)，共分(fen)五級(ji)：一(yi)級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1800克(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、二(er)級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1600～1799克(ke)(ke)、三級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1400～1599克(ke)(ke)、四級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1200～1399克(ke)(ke)、五級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1000～1199克(ke)(ke)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)網袋(dai)或紙箱包裝(zhuang)。包裝(zhuang)物上(shang)(shang)(shang)應(ying)(ying)標示品(pin)(pin)(pin)種名稱(cheng)(cheng)、等(deng)(deng)級(ji)、產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)編號等(deng)(deng)相關信息。 （5）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄：要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，設專人做好(hao)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)記錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)點、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱(cheng)(cheng)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)耕作(zuo)，肥料種類(lei)、施(shi)(shi)肥方(fang)(fang)式、施(shi)(shi)肥時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)肥量(liang)，施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)名稱(cheng)(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)式、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲、倉(cang)儲、銷(xiao)(xiao)售等(deng)(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)式、數(shu)量(liang)等(deng)(deng)。建立詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)記錄、田管(guan)記錄、加(jia)工(gong)記錄、出入庫記錄、銷(xiao)(xiao)售記錄等(deng)(deng)。

六.包裝標識(shi)相(xiang)關規定

本規(gui)定(ding)地域范圍(wei)內的(de)張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)界菊花芯(xin)柚(you)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營者(zhe)，在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品或包(bao)裝(zhuang)上使(shi)用農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，須向(xiang)張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)界市(shi)永(yong)定(ding)區經濟作物管理站提出申請，按照相(xiang)關(guan)要求(qiu)規(gui)范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和使(shi)用標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，統(tong)一采用張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)界菊花芯(xin)柚(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品名(ming)稱和農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)識相(xiang)結合的(de)標(biao)識標(biao)注方法(fa)。