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一.產品介紹

簡介

菊(ju)(ju)花芯柚(you)果實闊倒卵形(xing)，果形(xing)微(wei)偏(pian)微(wei)凹，果臍部有(you)放射狀溝紋，似菊(ju)(ju)花形(xing)而(er)得名(ming)。果肉深紅(hong)色(se)，紅(hong)晶透亮，肉質(zhi)脆嫩，風味濃美(mei)，化渣(zha)爽口(kou)，甜酸適口(kou)，營(ying)養豐富，耐貯耐運(yun)，品質(zhi)優良。自問世(shi)以來，一直(zhi)被(bei)譽(yu)為(wei)柚(you)中珍品，擁有(you)天然“水果罐頭”之美(mei)稱。2007年度(du)張家界菊(ju)(ju)花芯柚(you)榮獲全(quan)市柑桔鑒評“優質(zhi)獎”。

形態特征

張家界菊花芯柚屬于蕓香科柚類，葉型長橢圓形，樹勢強健，常綠喬木，樹冠自然圓頭形，樹姿開張，花瓣肥厚呈白色，花大。總狀花序或穗狀花序，以無葉花序居多，經濟壽命100年左右。據測定：內含可溶性固形物10.5-11.6%;每100克果汁中含總糖7.86克(ke)(ke)，還原糖2.80克(ke)(ke)，含(han)總酸0.68克(ke)(ke)，含(han)維生素C100.53毫克(ke)(ke),含(han)鈣(gai)28.43毫克(ke)(ke)，含(han)鐵0.092毫克(ke)(ke)，含(han)鋅1.05毫克(ke)(ke)。具有降血(xue)(xue)壓、降血(xue)(xue)脂、減(jian)(jian)血(xue)(xue)栓、助消化、止(zhi)咳(ke)化痰、健(jian)脾、減(jian)(jian)肥美容(rong)等功效。

菊花芯柚(you)屬于(yu)中熟品種，11月下(xia)旬至12上旬成熟采收(shou)上市，極(ji)耐貯(zhu)運。果實采收(shou)后在常溫下(xia)貯(zhu)藏210-260天(tian)仍可保持優良品質，無粒(li)化，肉脆味美。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）地(di)(di)貌特征與土壤(rang)環境(jing)(jing)：永(yong)定區(qu)位于(yu)武陵(ling)山(shan)脈腹地(di)(di)，地(di)(di)貌以山(shan)丘為主，地(di)(di)勢(shi)是南、北部(bu)(bu)高往澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域傾(qing)斜，中部(bu)(bu)低洼。張(zhang)家(jia)界(jie)菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)主產區(qu)位于(yu)澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域海拔100m-300m之(zhi)間低丘、平原地(di)(di)帶，土質肥(fei)沃、透(tou)氣、保水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、保肥(fei)，pH值在(zai)4.5～8.0之(zhi)間，有(you)機質含量(liang)11～70g/㎏，全氮(dan)0.85～2.90g/㎏，堿解氮(dan)55～280㎎/㎏，有(you)效磷7.5～120㎎/㎏，速(su)效鉀35～320㎎/㎏，富含多(duo)種(zhong)礦(kuang)物元(yuan)素，結構疏(shu)松，是張(zhang)家(jia)界(jie)菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)生(sheng)長(chang)的獨特土壤(rang)條件。 （2）氣候情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)：產區(qu)屬中亞熱(re)帶山(shan)原型季風(feng)濕潤氣候，溫(wen)度適宜，雨量(liang)充沛，日照(zhao)充足，四(si)季分明。年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)16.8℃，1月平均溫(wen)度≥4℃，絕對最低溫(wen)度≥-3.5℃，≥10℃的年(nian)積溫(wen)4800℃以上，年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)1400mm，年(nian)平均日照(zhao)1450 h以上，這(zhe)種(zhong)氣候環境(jing)(jing)非常適合張(zhang)家(jia)界(jie)菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)的生(sheng)長(chang)。 （3）水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)：永(yong)定區(qu)位于(yu)澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河中上游，澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)貫全境(jing)(jing)，全長(chang)91公里(li)。沿河兩岸有(you)許多(duo)蓄、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程，與大小(xiao)山(shan)塘、河壩、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫渠(qu)道相(xiang)(xiang)通，柚(you)園內(nei)有(you)大小(xiao)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)（溝(gou)）相(xiang)(xiang)連，地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質良好，清(qing)澈透(tou)明，為張(zhang)家(jia)界(jie)菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)生(sheng)產基地(di)(di)提供了十分有(you)利的灌溉條件。

三.地域范圍

張家界菊花芯柚農產品地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)地(di)域保(bao)護范圍包括永(yong)定區西溪(xi)坪(ping)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事處(chu)(chu)、陽湖坪(ping)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事處(chu)(chu)、楓(feng)香崗(gang)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事處(chu)(chu)、后坪(ping)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事處(chu)(chu)、沙堤街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事處(chu)(chu)、茅巖河鎮(zhen)、新橋鎮(zhen)、合作橋鄉、尹家溪(xi)鎮(zhen)、教字埡鎮(zhen)、橋頭鄉11個鄉鎮(zhen)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)辦(ban)事處(chu)(chu)。地(di)理(li)坐標位于：東經110°17′00.0″-110°38′17.4″，北緯29°05′39.2″-29°12′22.1″。基地(di)總生(sheng)產面積1333.3公頃，年(nian)總產量30000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

（1）外在感官特征(zheng)：張家界菊(ju)花芯柚(you)果(guo)實(shi)闊倒卵形(xing)，果(guo)頂微(wei)(wei)扁微(wei)(wei)凹(ao)，果(guo)臍部(bu)有(you)放射狀溝紋，似菊(ju)花形(xing)，果(guo)面色澤(ze)淡黃色，較光滑，白(bai)皮(pi)層微(wei)(wei)帶紅暈，不(bu)易剝離，囊瓣腎形(xing)。果(guo)肉淡紅，肉質脆(cui)嫩化(hua)渣，甜酸(suan)可(ke)口，風味濃。 （2）內在品(pin)質指標：可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物(wu)含(han)量(liang)≥10.5 %，可(ke)滴(di)定酸(suan)≤0.4g/100g，果(guo)肉含(han)維生素C≥25.0mg/100g。 （3）安全要求：符合(he)GB2762和GB2763等規(gui)定。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)(yu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 張家(jia)(jia)(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)基地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)遠離工(gong)(gong)廠、村莊和(he)住宅區，附近沒有(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澧(li)水(shui)流(liu)域海拔100m-300m之間(jian)(jian)低(di)丘(qiu)、平(ping)原地(di)(di)(di)帶，坡(po)度(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)25°以(yi)(yi)下(xia)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)為河流(liu)沖積沙壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)，pH值6.5—7.5，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)位離地(di)(di)(di)面1m以(yi)(yi)下(xia)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)NY/391－2013綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條件的要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。 （2）砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)、接(jie)(jie)穗選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)(yu)栽植(zhi)特定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)張家(jia)(jia)(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)的砧(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)有(you)(you)(you)枳砧(zhen)(zhen)和(he)酸柚(you)，接(jie)(jie)穗來源(yuan)張家(jia)(jia)(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)原種園(yuan)(yuan)，苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)質量(liang)(liang)按(an)GB/T9659《柑桔嫁接(jie)(jie)苗(miao)(miao)分(fen)級及(ji)(ji)(ji)檢驗》執行(xing)(xing)(xing)，提(ti)倡栽植(zhi)脫毒(du)容器苗(miao)(miao)。容器苗(miao)(miao)可(ke)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)栽植(zhi)，裸(luo)根(gen)(gen)苗(miao)(miao)栽植(zhi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)～11月(yue)上旬(xun)秋(qiu)梢(shao)(shao)老熟后(hou)(hou)或(huo)2月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)～3月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)春梢(shao)(shao)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。栽植(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)枳砧(zhen)(zhen)嫁接(jie)(jie)苗(miao)(miao)平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)植(zhi)44株﹙5m×3m﹚，坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)植(zhi)55株﹙4m×3m﹚；酸柚(you)砧(zhen)(zhen)嫁苗(miao)(miao)平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)植(zhi)33株﹙5m×4m﹚；坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)植(zhi)42株﹙4m×4m﹚。栽植(zhi)前剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)掉根(gen)(gen)系彎曲部(bu)(bu)分(fen)，舒展根(gen)(gen)系，再放入(ru)定(ding)植(zhi)穴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)，邊培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)邊向上輕提(ti)，使(shi)根(gen)(gen)系充分(fen)與(yu)(yu)定(ding)植(zhi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)，并扶正、踏緊，使(shi)根(gen)(gen)頸部(bu)(bu)應(ying)稍高(gao)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)面，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)柚(you)子(zi)苗(miao)(miao)基部(bu)(bu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)直(zhi)徑100cm左(zuo)右樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)，灌(guan)足定(ding)根(gen)(gen)水(shui)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)江糯米柚(you)作(zuo)授粉(fen)(fen)(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)，按(an)10：1的比例(li)配置。 （3）栽培(pei)(pei)管理(li)(li) ①土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)管理(li)(li) 間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)或(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)：柚(you)園(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)倡生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)栽培(pei)(pei)，草(cao)的品(pin)(pin)種以(yi)(yi)三葉草(cao)、黑麥草(cao)等(deng)為宜(yi)；幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)、黃(huang)豆、西(xi)瓜、蔬菜(cai)等(deng)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)。草(cao)類(lei)或(huo)間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)(shi)時(shi)刈割翻埋于(yu)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)于(yu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)。 覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)與(yu)(yu)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)：封(feng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)前于(yu)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雜(za)草(cao)、稻草(cao)、作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)莖桿(gan)將(jiang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠下(xia)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)蓋(gai)(gai)上；高(gao)溫或(huo)干旱季(ji)節(jie)，提(ti)倡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)內用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)秸桿(gan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)，厚度(du)(du)10～15cm，覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)物(wu)(wu)應(ying)與(yu)(yu)根(gen)(gen)莖保持10cm左(zuo)右的距離。培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)季(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕松土(tu)(tu)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 ②施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)梢(shao)(shao)抽前10d—15d及(ji)(ji)(ji)抽梢(shao)(shao)后(hou)(hou)10d—15d各(ge)(ge)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)1—2次(ci)(ci)，頂芽(ya)(ya)自(zi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)至新梢(shao)(shao)轉綠前結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)病蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)葉面追肥(fei)1—2次(ci)(ci)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)狀溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、條溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)土(tu)(tu)面撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)方(fang)法(fa)。溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠滴水(shui)外圍處(chu)，挖(wa)穴長(chang)(chang)50cm×寬(kuan)20cm×深10cm，東西(xi)、南(nan)北對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)稱輪換位置。下(xia)雨(yu)或(huo)灌(guan)溉后(hou)(hou)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)面撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素，提(ti)倡水(shui)肥(fei)一(yi)體化。 ③整形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 整形(xing)：采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)然開(kai)心形(xing)，主干高(gao)50～60cm，選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)4～5個(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)距50～60cm，各(ge)(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上配置副主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)3～5個(ge)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3m以(yi)(yi)下(xia)。 幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)（1～4年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)）修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)宜(yi)輕。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)選(xuan)(xuan)定(ding)的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心干和(he)各(ge)(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、副主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)適(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)短截，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)過(guo)密(mi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群和(he)擾亂樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)的交叉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、重(zhong)疊枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)作(zuo)適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)疏(shu)刪或(huo)短截，其它枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)均可(ke)不修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，內膛(tang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)弱的枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)一(yi)般均應(ying)保留(liu)。 初結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)（5～10年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)）修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian):以(yi)(yi)疏(shu)刪修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為主。重(zhong)點(dian)是控(kong)制(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠頂部(bu)(bu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠頂部(bu)(bu)和(he)外圍過(guo)密(mi)的枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群，按(an)“三去(qu)一(yi)、五(wu)去(qu)二”的方(fang)法(fa)，將(jiang)直(zhi)立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、長(chang)(chang)勢強的以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)衰弱的枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)去(qu)，保留(liu)長(chang)(chang)勢中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian):短截與(yu)(yu)疏(shu)刪修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)。及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)回縮結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組、落(luo)(luo)花(hua)(hua)落(luo)(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組和(he)衰退枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組，剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病蟲(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)擁(yong)擠的骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)疏(shu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)開(kai)“側窗”，將(jiang)光線引(yin)入(ru)內膛(tang)。當(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)抽生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)多晚秋(qiu)梢(shao)(shao)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，應(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)抹除(chu)，以(yi)(yi)免影響(xiang)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)分(fen)化，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)大小年(nian)(nian)(nian)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。花(hua)(hua)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)大時(shi)適(shi)(shi)量(liang)(liang)疏(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)疏(shu)抹處(chu)理(li)(li)。 ④花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理(li)(li) 授粉(fen)(fen)(fen)：張家(jia)(jia)(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)自(zi)花(hua)(hua)結(jie)(jie)實率(lv)高(gao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)配置授粉(fen)(fen)(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的情況下(xia)，坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)更高(gao)，不需要(yao)(yao)(yao)人工(gong)(gong)授粉(fen)(fen)(fen)。 疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)定(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)：分(fen)2次(ci)(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第二次(ci)(ci)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)除(chu)病蟲(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。始果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)每(mei)(mei)株留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)8—10個(ge)，盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)隨樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡增長(chang)(chang)每(mei)(mei)株留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)50—150個(ge)。 套袋(dai)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單層專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)袋(dai)套果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，于(yu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收前20d摘袋(dai)。 ⑤病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 冬(dong)季(ji)清園(yuan)(yuan)：幼年(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)底進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)冬(dong)季(ji)清園(yuan)(yuan)，成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)15d進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)冬(dong)季(ji)清園(yuan)(yuan)，剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)病蟲(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉，撿(jian)拾落(luo)(luo)葉、落(luo)(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銷(xiao)毀。于(yu)晴天選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)45%結(jie)(jie)晶(jing)石硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)劑300倍液對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黑光燈(deng)和(he)黃(huang)板引(yin)誘或(huo)驅避吸果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夜蛾、金(jin)龜子(zi)、卷葉蛾、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、粉(fen)(fen)(fen)虱等(deng)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)；人工(gong)(gong)捕(bu)捉天牛、蚱蟬、金(jin)龜子(zi)等(deng)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)。 化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：選(xuan)(xuan)擇使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)毒(du)及(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)、礦物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，嚴(yan)(yan)格掌握安(an)全間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收前45d內不使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。 （4）果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收及(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)后(hou)(hou)處(chu)理(li)(li) ①果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收 鮮銷(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實正常成(cheng)(cheng)熟，表現出本品(pin)(pin)種固有(you)(you)(you)的品(pin)(pin)質特征（色(se)澤、香、風味和(he)口感(gan)等(deng)）時(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收，貯藏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)比鮮銷(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)宜(yi)早7～10d采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)圓頭果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)一(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)兩剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蒂平(ping)齊，分(fen)批采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘，輕拿輕放。貯運(yun)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)必須清潔、干燥(zao)、無異味、無污(wu)染(ran)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)雨(yu)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曬，嚴(yan)(yan)禁與(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)、易污(wu)染(ran)的物(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)混(hun)(hun)裝，混(hun)(hun)運(yun)。 ②商品(pin)(pin)化處(chu)理(li)(li) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)洗或(huo)干洗的方(fang)式(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)清潔處(chu)理(li)(li)，清洗用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)質量(liang)(liang)須符合(he)(he)(he)(he)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)安(an)全衛生(sheng)(sheng)規定(ding)。以(yi)(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)為分(fen)級依據(ju)，共分(fen)五(wu)級：一(yi)級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1800克(ke)以(yi)(yi)上、二級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1600～1799克(ke)、三級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1400～1599克(ke)、四(si)級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1200～1399克(ke)、五(wu)級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1000～1199克(ke)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)網袋(dai)或(huo)紙箱包裝。包裝物(wu)(wu)上應(ying)標示品(pin)(pin)種名(ming)稱、等(deng)級、產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)編(bian)號等(deng)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)信息(xi)。 （5）生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)：要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，設專(zhuan)(zhuan)人做好(hao)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)：生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕作(zuo)，肥(fei)料種類(lei)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)名(ming)稱、方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲、倉儲、銷(xiao)售(shou)等(deng)項目的日期(qi)、方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、數量(liang)(liang)等(deng)。建立(li)詳細的投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)、田管記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)、加工(gong)(gong)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)、出入(ru)庫記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)、銷(xiao)售(shou)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)等(deng)。

六.包裝標識(shi)相關規定

本規定地域范(fan)圍內的(de)張家界菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營者，在(zai)產(chan)品(pin)或包裝上使用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志，須向張家界市永(yong)定區經(jing)濟作物管理站提出(chu)申請，按照相關要求規范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)志，統(tong)一采用(yong)(yong)(yong)張家界菊花(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)產(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)和(he)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)相結合的(de)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)注方法。