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一.產品介紹

簡介

菊花芯柚(you)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)闊倒卵形(xing)(xing)，果(guo)(guo)形(xing)(xing)微偏微凹，果(guo)(guo)臍部有放射狀溝紋，似(si)菊花形(xing)(xing)而得(de)名。果(guo)(guo)肉深(shen)紅(hong)色，紅(hong)晶透亮，肉質(zhi)脆嫩(nen)，風味濃美，化渣(zha)爽口(kou)，甜酸(suan)適口(kou)，營養豐(feng)富，耐(nai)貯耐(nai)運，品質(zhi)優(you)良(liang)。自問世以來，一直被譽(yu)為(wei)柚(you)中(zhong)珍品，擁有天然“水果(guo)(guo)罐頭”之美稱。2007年(nian)度張家界菊花芯柚(you)榮獲全市柑桔鑒(jian)評“優(you)質(zhi)獎”。

形態特征

張家界菊花芯柚屬于蕓香科柚類，葉型長橢圓形，樹勢強健，常綠喬木，樹冠自然圓頭形，樹姿開張，花瓣肥厚呈白色，花大。總狀花序或穗狀花序，以無葉花序居多，經濟壽命100年左右。據測定：內含可溶性固形物10.5-11.6%;每100克果汁中含總糖7.86克(ke)(ke)，還原糖2.80克(ke)(ke)，含(han)(han)總酸(suan)0.68克(ke)(ke)，含(han)(han)維(wei)生(sheng)素C100.53毫克(ke)(ke),含(han)(han)鈣(gai)28.43毫克(ke)(ke)，含(han)(han)鐵0.092毫克(ke)(ke)，含(han)(han)鋅1.05毫克(ke)(ke)。具(ju)有降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)壓、降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)脂、減血(xue)(xue)栓、助消化、止咳化痰、健脾、減肥美容(rong)等功效(xiao)。

菊(ju)花芯柚屬于中(zhong)熟品(pin)種，11月下(xia)旬(xun)至12上旬(xun)成熟采收上市，極耐貯(zhu)運。果實采收后在常溫(wen)下(xia)貯(zhu)藏210-260天仍可保持優良品(pin)質，無粒化，肉脆(cui)味美。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）地(di)貌(mao)(mao)特(te)征與(yu)(yu)土壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)：永定(ding)(ding)區(qu)位(wei)于武(wu)陵山(shan)脈腹(fu)地(di)，地(di)貌(mao)(mao)以山(shan)丘為主，地(di)勢是南、北部高往澧(li)水(shui)流域(yu)傾(qing)斜，中部低洼(wa)。張家界菊(ju)花(hua)芯柚主產(chan)區(qu)位(wei)于澧(li)水(shui)流域(yu)海拔100m-300m之(zhi)間(jian)低丘、平(ping)原(yuan)地(di)帶，土質(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)沃、透氣(qi)(qi)、保水(shui)、保肥(fei)(fei)，pH值在4.5～8.0之(zhi)間(jian)，有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量(liang)11～70g/㎏，全(quan)氮0.85～2.90g/㎏，堿(jian)解氮55～280㎎/㎏，有(you)(you)效磷(lin)7.5～120㎎/㎏，速(su)效鉀(jia)35～320㎎/㎏，富含多種礦(kuang)物元素，結(jie)構疏松，是張家界菊(ju)花(hua)芯柚生(sheng)長的(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)土壤(rang)(rang)條件。 （2）氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況(kuang)：產(chan)區(qu)屬中亞熱帶山(shan)原(yuan)型季風濕潤氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，溫(wen)度適宜，雨量(liang)充沛，日(ri)照充足，四季分明(ming)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)16.8℃，1月平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度≥4℃，絕對最低溫(wen)度≥-3.5℃，≥10℃的(de)(de)年(nian)積溫(wen)4800℃以上(shang)，年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1400mm，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照1450 h以上(shang)，這種氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)環(huan)境(jing)非常(chang)適合張家界菊(ju)花(hua)芯柚的(de)(de)生(sheng)長。 （3）水(shui)文情況(kuang)：永定(ding)(ding)區(qu)位(wei)于澧(li)水(shui)河中上(shang)游，澧(li)水(shui)流貫全(quan)境(jing)，全(quan)長91公里。沿河兩岸有(you)(you)許多蓄、引(yin)水(shui)工程，與(yu)(yu)大小山(shan)塘(tang)、河壩、水(shui)庫渠道相通，柚園內有(you)(you)大小蓄水(shui)池、引(yin)水(shui)渠（溝(gou)）相連，地(di)下水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)良好(hao)，清(qing)澈(che)透明(ming)，為張家界菊(ju)花(hua)芯柚生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)提供了(le)十分有(you)(you)利(li)的(de)(de)灌(guan)溉條件。

三.地域范圍

張(zhang)家(jia)界(jie)菊花(hua)芯柚農產品地理標(biao)志地域保護范圍包(bao)括永(yong)定區西溪坪(ping)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、陽(yang)湖坪(ping)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、楓(feng)香崗(gang)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、后坪(ping)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、沙堤街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、茅巖河鎮(zhen)、新橋鎮(zhen)、合作橋鄉、尹家(jia)溪鎮(zhen)、教字埡鎮(zhen)、橋頭鄉11個鄉鎮(zhen)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)處(chu)。地理坐標(biao)位于：東經110°17′00.0″-110°38′17.4″，北緯29°05′39.2″-29°12′22.1″。基地總(zong)生產面積1333.3公頃(qing)，年總(zong)產量30000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

（1）外在感官特(te)征(zheng)：張家(jia)界菊(ju)花芯柚果(guo)實闊倒卵(luan)形(xing)，果(guo)頂微(wei)扁微(wei)凹，果(guo)臍部(bu)有(you)放射狀溝紋，似菊(ju)花形(xing)，果(guo)面色澤淡黃色，較光(guang)滑，白(bai)皮層微(wei)帶紅暈，不易(yi)剝離，囊瓣腎形(xing)。果(guo)肉淡紅，肉質(zhi)脆嫩化渣，甜酸(suan)可口(kou)，風味濃。 （2）內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標：可溶性固(gu)形(xing)物含量≥10.5 %，可滴定酸(suan)≤0.4g/100g，果(guo)肉含維生素C≥25.0mg/100g。 （3）安(an)全要(yao)求：符合GB2762和GB2763等規(gui)定。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選擇(ze)與要(yao)求(qiu) 張(zhang)(zhang)家界(jie)菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)柚(you)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)遠(yuan)離工廠、村莊和(he)住(zhu)宅(zhai)區，附近沒有(you)(you)污染源(yuan)(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澧水(shui)流域海拔(ba)100m-300m之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)低丘(qiu)、平(ping)原地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，坡(po)度控(kong)(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)25°以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤要(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)河流沖(chong)積(ji)沙壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)，pH值6.5—7.5，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)位離地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)1m以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)NY/391－2013綠色(se)食(shi)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。 （2）砧木(mu)、接(jie)穗選擇(ze)與栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)求(qiu) 適宜張(zhang)(zhang)家界(jie)菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)柚(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)砧木(mu)有(you)(you)枳(zhi)砧和(he)酸柚(you)，接(jie)穗來源(yuan)(yuan)張(zhang)(zhang)家界(jie)菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)柚(you)原種園(yuan)，苗木(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)按GB/T9659《柑桔嫁接(jie)苗分(fen)級(ji)(ji)及(ji)檢驗》執(zhi)行，提(ti)倡(chang)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫毒容(rong)器苗。容(rong)器苗可(ke)(ke)(ke)全年(nian)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，裸(luo)根(gen)(gen)苗栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)～11月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)秋(qiu)梢(shao)(shao)老熟后(hou)或2月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)～3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)春(chun)梢(shao)(shao)萌(meng)芽(ya)前進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行。栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度枳(zhi)砧嫁接(jie)苗平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)44株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)﹙5m×3m﹚，坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)55株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)﹙4m×3m﹚；酸柚(you)砧嫁苗平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)33株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)﹙5m×4m﹚；坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)42株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)﹙4m×4m﹚。栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)掉(diao)根(gen)(gen)系彎曲部分(fen)，舒展根(gen)(gen)系，再放入(ru)(ru)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴中(zhong)(zhong)部，邊培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)邊向上(shang)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)提(ti)，使根(gen)(gen)系充分(fen)與定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)，并扶正(zheng)、踏緊(jin)，使根(gen)(gen)頸部應(ying)稍高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)柚(you)子苗基部形(xing)成(cheng)直(zhi)徑(jing)100cm左右樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)，灌(guan)(guan)足定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)根(gen)(gen)水(shui)。用(yong)安(an)江糯米柚(you)作(zuo)(zuo)授(shou)粉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)，按10：1的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例配置(zhi)。 （3）栽(zai)培(pei)管(guan)理(li)(li) ①土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤管(guan)理(li)(li) 間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)或生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)：柚(you)園(yuan)提(ti)倡(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)栽(zai)培(pei)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種以(yi)(yi)三(san)葉草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、黑(hei)麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)為(wei)(wei)宜；幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)期間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、黃豆、西瓜、蔬(shu)菜等(deng)(deng)(deng)農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)類或間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)要(yao)適時(shi)(shi)刈割翻埋(mai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤中(zhong)(zhong)或覆(fu)蓋于(yu)(yu)(yu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)。 覆(fu)蓋與培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)：封(feng)行前于(yu)(yu)(yu)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)覆(fu)蓋，用(yong)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、稻草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)莖桿將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)下(xia)(xia)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤蓋上(shang)；高(gao)(gao)溫或干(gan)旱季節，提(ti)倡(chang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)內用(yong)秸(jie)桿覆(fu)蓋，厚度10～15cm，覆(fu)蓋物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)應(ying)與根(gen)(gen)莖保(bao)持10cm左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離。培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)季中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)松土(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行。 ②施(shi)(shi)肥(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)(mei)次梢(shao)(shao)抽(chou)前10d—15d及(ji)抽(chou)梢(shao)(shao)后(hou)10d—15d各進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)1—2次，頂(ding)(ding)芽(ya)自(zi)(zi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)至新梢(shao)(shao)轉綠前結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)病蟲(chong)防(fang)(fang)治進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行葉面(mian)追肥(fei)1—2次。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)環(huan)狀溝施(shi)(shi)、條溝施(shi)(shi)、穴施(shi)(shi)和(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)撒施(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法。溝施(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)滴水(shui)外圍(wei)處(chu)(chu)，挖穴長(chang)50cm×寬20cm×深10cm，東西、南北對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)輪換位置(zhi)。下(xia)(xia)雨或灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)后(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)撒施(shi)(shi)尿素，提(ti)倡(chang)水(shui)肥(fei)一(yi)體化(hua)。 ③整形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 整形(xing)：采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)自(zi)(zi)然開心形(xing)，主(zhu)干(gan)高(gao)(gao)50～60cm，選留(liu)(liu)4～5個主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)距50～60cm，各主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)配置(zhi)副主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或3～5個側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)控(kong)(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3m以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)。 幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)期（1～4年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)）修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)：修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)宜輕(qing)(qing)(qing)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)選定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心干(gan)和(he)各主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、副主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行適度短(duan)截，對(dui)(dui)(dui)過(guo)密枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群和(he)擾亂(luan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交叉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、重疊枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競(jing)爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)適當(dang)疏(shu)(shu)刪(shan)(shan)或短(duan)截，其它枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)均(jun)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，內膛枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)部較(jiao)(jiao)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)一(yi)般均(jun)應(ying)保(bao)留(liu)(liu)。 初結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期（5～10年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)）修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian):以(yi)(yi)疏(shu)(shu)刪(shan)(shan)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。重點是控(kong)(kong)制樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)頂(ding)(ding)部，對(dui)(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)頂(ding)(ding)部和(he)外圍(wei)過(guo)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群，按“三(san)去一(yi)、五(wu)去二(er)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)直(zhi)立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、長(chang)勢(shi)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)衰(shuai)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)去，保(bao)留(liu)(liu)長(chang)勢(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian):短(duan)截與疏(shu)(shu)刪(shan)(shan)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)。及(ji)時(shi)(shi)回縮結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)、落(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)和(he)衰(shuai)退(tui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)，剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病蟲(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)擁擠的(de)(de)(de)(de)骨干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適當(dang)疏(shu)(shu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)開“側窗(chuang)”，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)光線引(yin)入(ru)(ru)內膛。當(dang)年(nian)抽(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)多晚秋(qiu)梢(shao)(shao)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)抹(mo)除(chu)(chu)，以(yi)(yi)免(mian)影響花(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)化(hua)，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)大小(xiao)年(nian)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)大時(shi)(shi)適量(liang)(liang)(liang)疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)部分(fen)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序及(ji)時(shi)(shi)疏(shu)(shu)抹(mo)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)。 ④花(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)(li) 授(shou)粉：張(zhang)(zhang)家界(jie)菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)柚(you)自(zi)(zi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)結(jie)(jie)實(shi)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)配置(zhi)授(shou)粉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)更高(gao)(gao)，不(bu)需要(yao)人(ren)(ren)工授(shou)粉。 疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)：分(fen)2次進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行第一(yi)次疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行第二(er)次疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)病蟲(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。始果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)8—10個，盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期隨(sui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡增長(chang)每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)50—150個。 套袋(dai)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)選用(yong)單層(ceng)專(zhuan)用(yong)袋(dai)套果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前20d摘(zhai)袋(dai)。 ⑤病蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治 冬(dong)季清園(yuan)：幼年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)底進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行冬(dong)季清園(yuan)，成(cheng)年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)15d進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行冬(dong)季清園(yuan)，剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)病蟲(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉，撿(jian)拾落(luo)葉、落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集中(zhong)(zhong)銷(xiao)毀。于(yu)(yu)(yu)晴天選用(yong)45%結(jie)(jie)晶石硫合(he)(he)劑300倍液對(dui)(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行噴施(shi)(shi)。 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治：用(yong)黑(hei)光燈(deng)和(he)黃板(ban)引(yin)誘或驅避(bi)吸果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夜蛾(e)、金龜子、卷葉蛾(e)、蚜蟲(chong)、粉虱等(deng)(deng)(deng)害蟲(chong)；人(ren)(ren)工捕捉天牛(niu)、蚱(zha)蟬、金龜子等(deng)(deng)(deng)害蟲(chong)。 化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治：選擇(ze)使用(yong)低毒及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)藥(yao)、植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)藥(yao)、礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)藥(yao)，嚴格(ge)掌(zhang)握安(an)全間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前45d內不(bu)使用(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)。 （4）果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)及(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li) ①果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou) 鮮銷(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)正(zheng)常(chang)成(cheng)熟，表現出本品(pin)種固(gu)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)特征（色(se)澤、香、風味和(he)口(kou)感等(deng)(deng)(deng)）時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)，貯藏(zang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)比鮮銷(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)宜早(zao)7～10d采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。用(yong)圓頭(tou)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，要(yao)求(qiu)一(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)兩剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蒂平(ping)齊，分(fen)批采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)，輕(qing)(qing)(qing)拿輕(qing)(qing)(qing)放。貯運工具必須(xu)清潔、干(gan)燥、無異(yi)味、無污染、防(fang)(fang)雨、防(fang)(fang)曬，嚴禁與有(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)害、易污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)混(hun)裝，混(hun)運。 ②商(shang)品(pin)化(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)或干(gan)洗(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式對(dui)(dui)(dui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行清潔處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)，清洗(xi)(xi)用(yong)水(shui)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)須(xu)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)相關(guan)安(an)全衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。以(yi)(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)分(fen)級(ji)(ji)依據，共(gong)分(fen)五(wu)級(ji)(ji)：一(yi)級(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1800克以(yi)(yi)上(shang)、二(er)級(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1600～1799克、三(san)級(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1400～1599克、四級(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1200～1399克、五(wu)級(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1000～1199克。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)網袋(dai)或紙箱包(bao)裝。包(bao)裝物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)應(ying)標(biao)示品(pin)種名稱(cheng)、等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)編號(hao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)相關(guan)信息。 （5）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄：要(yao)求(qiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，設(she)專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)做好以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)記(ji)錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)點、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)，肥(fei)料(liao)種類、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，施(shi)(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)名稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)式、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲、倉儲、銷(xiao)售等(deng)(deng)(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)日期、方(fang)(fang)(fang)式、數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。建立詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)(ru)品(pin)記(ji)錄、田管(guan)記(ji)錄、加(jia)工記(ji)錄、出入(ru)(ru)庫記(ji)錄、銷(xiao)售記(ji)錄等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

六(liu).包裝標識(shi)相關規定

本(ben)規定地域(yu)范圍內(nei)的(de)張(zhang)家界(jie)菊(ju)花(hua)芯柚農產品(pin)生產經營者，在產品(pin)或包裝上使用農產品(pin)地理標(biao)志，須向(xiang)張(zhang)家界(jie)市(shi)永定區(qu)經濟作物管理站提出(chu)申請，按照(zhao)相關(guan)要求規范生產和(he)使用標(biao)志，統一采用張(zhang)家界(jie)菊(ju)花(hua)芯柚產品(pin)名稱(cheng)和(he)農產品(pin)地理標(biao)志公共標(biao)識(shi)相結合的(de)標(biao)識(shi)標(biao)注方法。