周(zhou)(zhou)定王(wang)(wang)上任的(de)第(di)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(定王(wang)(wang)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)606年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),楚國(guo)(guo)征伐(fa)了陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)。這陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)就是春(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)期的(de)陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)國(guo)(guo),是由(you)一支名為陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)居(ju)于陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)(nan)伊(yi)川(chuan)(chuan))而得(de)名。這支陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)戎(rong)(rong)(rong),是允姓戎(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)別部(bu)(bu),亦稱賁渾(hun)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)。陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)最早活動于今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西、甘肅、四川(chuan)(chuan)三(san)省(sheng)交(jiao)(jiao)界的(de)若水流域。西周(zhou)(zhou)初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)遷(qian)(qian)到(dao)(dao)陜(shan)西秦嶺(ling)以(yi)北(bei)。西周(zhou)(zhou)末年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)乘周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)室東(dong)遷(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機,東(dong)遷(qian)(qian)到(dao)(dao)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西和河南(nan)(nan)交(jiao)(jiao)界的(de)崤山、熊耳山一帶(dai)。周(zhou)(zhou)襄王(wang)(wang)姬鄭十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(晉惠公(gong)姬夷吾十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)638年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)國(guo)(guo)被秦、晉兩(liang)國(guo)(guo)強行(xing)遷(qian)(qian)到(dao)(dao)今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)(nan)以(yi)南(nan)(nan)的(de)伊(yi)河流域。仍用原居(ju)地陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名而稱陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong),因此后有陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)縣(xian)(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)(nan)伊(yi)川(chuan)(chuan)、嵩縣(xian)二(er)縣(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間)。其(qi)他如陰(yin)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)屬陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong),居(ju)晉國(guo)(guo)陰(yin)地。九州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)也屬陸(lu)(lu)渾(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong),居(ju)晉國(guo)(guo)九州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。從(cong)地域分布(bu)上看,實際已深入(ru)(ru)諸(zhu)(zhu)夏的(de)腹地了。深入(ru)(ru)諸(zhu)(zhu)夏腹部(bu)(bu)的(de)諸(zhu)(zhu)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)不(bu)斷地與(yu)諸(zhu)(zhu)夏交(jiao)(jiao)往,到(dao)(dao)了春(chun)秋(qiu)晚(wan)期,便逐步與(yu)諸(zhu)(zhu)夏融合在一起。
楚(chu)(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)熊侶(羋旅(lv))不(bu)厭陸(lu)渾(hun)戎之(zhi)侵擾,發大軍討(tao)伐陸(lu)渾(hun)戎部落,一直(zhi)攻擊(ji)(ji)至鄭國(guo)之(zhi)境,擊(ji)(ji)潰了陸(lu)渾(hun)戎。然后,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)駐兵于雒水,觀兵于周(zhou)疆。周(zhou)定王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)慌忙(mang)派王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)孫(sun)姬(ji)滿犒勞楚(chu)(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)趾高氣昂地問起周(zhou)鼎的大小、輕(qing)重,頗有遷周(zhou)鼎于楚(chu)(chu)(chu)以取代(dai)周(zhou)室之(zhi)意,這就(jiu)是歷史上著名(ming)的“問鼎中(zhong)原”之(zhi)事(shi)件。可見楚(chu)(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)對周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朝已有覬(ji)覦之(zhi)心。他自然不(bu)服,你周(zhou)定王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)何德何能,既(ji)沒本事(shi)又(you)沒能力干(gan)嘛(ma)非要(yao)你來(lai)擔(dan)任萬國(guo)之(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。我楚(chu)(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)英明神(shen)武(wu),你是王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)我也是王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),干(gan)嘛(ma)老子(zi)不(bu)行?
王孫滿(man)是(shi)(shi)(shi)個有(you)膽有(you)識之(zhi)(zhi)人,他不(bu)(bu)慌不(bu)(bu)忙,對楚莊王說(shuo):“在德(de)不(bu)(bu)在鼎(ding)(ding)。”鼎(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)身沒(mei)什(shen)么大(da)不(bu)(bu)了(le)的(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)一件器(qi)物(wu)而(er)(er)已(yi)。接著他講了(le)九(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)來歷(li)。他說(shuo)夏(xia)禹(yu)實施德(de)政,各(ge)地諸侯都(dou)(dou)把(ba)(ba)自己那(nei)里(li)的(de)(de)奇異(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)繪制(zhi)圖(tu),獻給朝(chao)廷,九(jiu)州的(de)(de)長官也(ye)把(ba)(ba)金(jin)屬制(zhi)品上(shang)(shang)(shang)貢。于是(shi)(shi)(shi)夏(xia)禹(yu)就把(ba)(ba)這些金(jin)屬品做成九(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding),上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)鑄(zhu)出各(ge)種奇異(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)。這樣(yang),百(bai)姓(xing)在山川林澤就不(bu)(bu)會碰到(dao)(dao)妖怪,不(bu)(bu)會遇(yu)到(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)順(shun)利的(de)(de)事。因此上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)和(he)睦,都(dou)(dou)可以受到(dao)(dao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)的(de)(de)賜福。夏(xia)桀(jie)昏亂,九(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)就遷(qian)到(dao)(dao)商朝(chao)。商紂暴(bao)虐,九(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)又遷(qian)到(dao)(dao)周朝(chao)。有(you)美德(de)的(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou),鼎(ding)(ding)小也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)重的(de)(de);背(bei)離德(de)行(xing)的(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou),鼎(ding)(ding)大(da)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)輕的(de)(de)。莊王定(ding)鼎(ding)(ding)于郟(jia)(辱耳)之(zhi)(zhi)時曾經(jing)占卜,結(jie)果(guo)說(shuo)可以傳三十代,歷(li)七百(bai)年。于今"周德(de)雖衰,天(tian)命(ming)未改。鼎(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)輕重,未可問也(ye)"。楚莊王聽他這一段(duan)大(da)道理大(da)概也(ye)怕(pa)了(le),他怕(pa)即使(shi)得(de)到(dao)(dao)九(jiu)個王鼎(ding)(ding),諸侯不(bu)(bu)服(fu)勢(shi)必引火(huo)燒(shao)身。使(shi)大(da)家(jia)把(ba)(ba)矛頭都(dou)(dou)對準(zhun)了(le)自己,反而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)不(bu)(bu)償(chang)失(shi)。再(zai)看(kan)見王孫滿(man)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)個能人,想想自己不(bu)(bu)可能跟周天(tian)子(zi)爭天(tian)下(xia)于是(shi)(shi)(shi)退兵而(er)(er)去。
周定王(wang)好不容易保住了(le)他的王(wang)位。自此后他又(you)在(zai)王(wang)位上坐了(le)二十(shi)年。
周定王(wang)(wang)十(shi)年(前597),楚(chu)莊王(wang)(wang)包(bao)圍了(le)鄭(zheng)國(guo),鄭(zheng)伯投(tou)降了(le)楚(chu)國(guo),不(bu)久(jiu)又恢復了(le)鄭(zheng)國(guo)。十(shi)六年(前591),楚(chu)莊王(wang)(wang)去逝(shi)。
二十一年(前586),定王逝(shi)世,兒子簡(jian)王夷登位。