湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)返灣湖(hu)(hu)國家(jia)濕地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園位于湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省潛(qian)江(jiang)市,面(mian)積(ji)1.16萬畝(mu),共有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類347種(zhong)、野生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)188種(zhong),還有國際(ji)極危物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)青頭潛(qian)鴨、國家(jia)二級保護(hu)野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)白琵鷺等(deng)種(zhong)類較多(duo)的(de)(de)保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。返灣湖(hu)(hu)屬(shu)淺水湖(hu)(hu)泊型濕地。核心面(mian)積(ji)800公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,水面(mian)660公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,有樹木20多(duo)種(zhong)、草本植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)10多(duo)種(zhong)。每年(nian)在此(ci)(ci)棲息(xi)、繁殖或經此(ci)(ci)遷徙的(de)(de)鳥類有30多(duo)種(zhong),動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)達20萬只(zhi)。湖(hu)(hu)中人文(wen)景觀(guan)和自(zi)然景觀(guan)奇特(te),有湖(hu)(hu)心島(dao),亭臺樓閣眾多(duo),形(xing)成湖(hu)(hu)中有島(dao),島(dao)中有湖(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)自(zi)然景觀(guan)。
返灣(wan)湖有一個美(mei)麗而凄慘的傳說。返灣(wan)湖又名反(fan)王(wang)(wang)湖,因元末起義軍陳(chen)友諒兵敗(bai)于此(ci)而得名。明(ming)嘉靖(jing)年間民間選妃時(shi),反(fan)王(wang)(wang)湖蔣氏(shi)住處(chu)與嘉靖(jing)所夢應證,遂應召入宮。蔣氏(shi)卻又因曾居住在反(fan)王(wang)(wang)湖惹怒龍顏被凌遲處(chu)死。當(dang)地百姓為了(le)紀念她,將反(fan)王(wang)(wang)湖更名為返灣(wan)湖。
返(fan)灣(wan)湖(hu)旅游風景區(qu)面積2萬余畝。其(qi)中(zhong)較(jiao)具特(te)色(se)的(de)就是1萬余畝大(da)湖(hu)天(tian)然水域(yu)。大(da)湖(hu)中(zhong)央有(you)湖(hu)中(zhong)園,擁有(you)避(bi)暑(shu)水寨、芙蓉島、百鳥洲、接(jie)官廳、將(jiang)軍亭、返(fan)灣(wan)亭、度假村等(deng)景點,四面環水,綠樹成蔭,水天(tian)一(yi)色(se),再加上(shang)那美麗(li)動人的(de)蔣(jiang)娘娘傳說和那素享盛譽(yu)的(de)水鄉“六(liu)絕”佳(jia)肴,荷花(hua)、荷葉、蓮(lian)藕等(deng)無污染的(de)水生蔬菜,鱖魚、青蝦、龜鱉經(jing)廚師烹制(zhi)清香鮮美,純正天(tian)然,令(ling)成千上(shang)萬的(de)美食愛好者(zhe)流連(lian)忘返(fan)。人們(men)(men)紛至沓來(lai),憑吊紅(hong)(hong)顏簿命的(de)蔣(jiang)氏玉蓮(lian),祈求(qiu)平安健康(kang),避(bi)暑(shu)消(xiao)夏(xia),娛樂觀光,享受大(da)自(zi)然的(de)恩賜。“接(jie)天(tian)蓮(lian)葉無窮碧,映日荷花(hua)別樣紅(hong)(hong)。”盛夏(xia)時節(jie)泛舟(zhou)湖(hu)上(shang),碧波(bo)萬頃,清風陣(zhen)(zhen)陣(zhen)(zhen);喜愛垂釣的(de)人們(men)(men)不顧(gu)旅途勞(lao)頓,垂涎于湖(hu)中(zhong)鮮美的(de)魚蝦,忘情(qing)于湖(hu)光水色(se),醉心于遠離塵囂的(de)清幽與靜謐(mi)。
返(fan)灣湖(hu)旅(lv)游(you)(you)風景(jing)區(qu)不僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)旅(lv)游(you)(you)、度(du)假、休閑(xian)的(de)好去處(chu),同時也是(shi)(shi)特(te)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植、特(te)種(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)殖(zhi)綜合立體(ti)開(kai)發(fa)的(de)好地方(fang)。它水源充足(zu),氣候適宜,資(zi)源豐富。年降水量(liang)豐富,日照充足(zu);水體(ti)透明(ming),酸堿適中,無污染,是(shi)(shi)環保型(xing)綠色水源;野生動植物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類繁多,可供游(you)(you)人(ren)觀賞。在(zai)(zai)柳蔭深處(chu),可聽水鳥悠悠輕唱,在(zai)(zai)平湖(hu)浪(lang)里,可觀野花靜靜綻放。特(te)別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)蓮花盛開(kai)的(de)季節(jie),泛舟摘蓮采菱,花香(xiang)撲鼻(bi),別具江(jiang)南水鄉澤國(guo)的(de)情趣,讓你萌生許多美的(de)遐想。中外客商前來(lai)投資(zi)和旅(lv)游(you)(you)人(ren)數逐年增(zeng)加,年接待中外游(you)(you)客10萬人(ren)次(ci)(ci)。如(ru)今湖(hu)中珍珠(zhu)、河(he)蟹、青蝦、烏(wu)龜等水產品養(yang)殖(zhi)初具規模(mo),湘蓮種(zhong)(zhong)植開(kai)發(fa)和旅(lv)游(you)(you)業(ye)方(fang)興(xing)未艾,招商引資(zi)及更加深層次(ci)(ci)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)前景(jing)廣闊。
返灣湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地屬淺水湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊型(xing)濕地。核心面積(ji)800公(gong)(gong)頃,水面660公(gong)(gong)頃,有(you)樹木20多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)、草(cao)本植物(wu)10多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)。每(mei)年在此(ci)棲息、繁(fan)殖或經此(ci)遷徙的鳥類(lei)有(you)30多(duo)(duo)種(zhong),動物(wu)達20萬只。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)人文景(jing)觀和自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)觀奇特,有(you)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)心島(dao),亭臺樓閣(ge)眾多(duo)(duo),形成湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)有(you)島(dao),島(dao)中(zhong)有(you)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)的自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)觀。
潛(qian)江返灣湖于2011年(nian)(nian)11月經國(guo)家(jia)林(lin)業(ye)局(ju)批(pi)準為國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地公園(yuan)試點建(jian)設(she),面積1.16萬(wan)畝,共有植物(wu)種類347種、野生(sheng)脊椎動物(wu)188種,還有國(guo)際極危(wei)物(wu)種青頭潛(qian)鴨(ya)、國(guo)家(jia)二級保(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)動物(wu)白琵(pi)鷺等(deng)種類較(jiao)多的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)。經過六年(nian)(nian)多的(de)(de)穩步推(tui)進,生(sheng)態修復取得(de)明(ming)顯成(cheng)效,并于2017年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)底通過驗收(shou)正式(shi)命(ming)名。