湖南(nan)鼎(ding)城(cheng)(cheng)鳥(niao)兒(er)洲國家濕地公園(yuan)位于鼎(ding)城(cheng)(cheng)區十美堂(tang)鎮境內(nei),由沙(sha)潮河(he)、牛耳湖、水(shui)產養殖場、稻田和周(zhou)邊(bian)河(he)堤組成(cheng)。以沙(sha)潮河(he)(即澧(li)水(shui)古洪道)為主(zhu)體,連接(jie)澧(li)水(shui)和牛耳湖,總面積1641公頃。
沙(sha)(sha)(sha)潮(chao)河原為澧水(shui)古(gu)洪(hong)道(dao),由于國家治理水(shui)患和水(shui)資源利用,澧水(shui)改(gai)道(dao),沙(sha)(sha)(sha)潮(chao)河由此(ci)而成。1974年進行了(le)人(ren)工(gong)修繕(shan),又名(ming)南干渠,沙(sha)(sha)(sha)潮(chao)河是民主(zhu)陽城垸(huan)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)河口排灌區的兩條主(zhu)干之(zhi)一,起于沙(sha)(sha)(sha)河口,沿(yan)澧水(shui)古(gu)河道(dao)經十美堂(tang)、教育村、紫(zi)流洲、黑山咀止于羅家鋪(pu),河道(dao)總長17公里,水(shui)面面積(ji)0.22萬(wan)公頃(qing),堤排面積(ji)10.22萬(wan)公頃(qing),蓄水(shui)量(liang)670萬(wan)立方米,保(bao)護人(ren)口十萬(wan)人(ren),保(bao)護耕地1.53萬(wan)公頃(qing)。
2014年鼎(ding)城(cheng)區政府確定(ding)了(le)鳥兒洲濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)申報國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)試(shi)點(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu),并(bing)明(ming)確了(le)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)林(lin)(lin)勘(kan)院(yuan)對該項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進行總體規劃;5~7月,省(sheng)林(lin)(lin)勘(kan)院(yuan)組織專家對鳥兒洲濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)開展了(le)各種專項(xiang)調查;8月,通過了(le)省(sheng)級專家組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評審(shen);11月,接受了(le)國(guo)(guo)家林(lin)(lin)業總局專家組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)場(chang)考核(he),考核(he)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楊桂(gui)山教授(shou)(中(zhong)(zhong)科院(yuan)南(nan)(nan)京地(di)(di)(di)(di)理和湖(hu)泊研究所(suo)所(suo)長)和安(an)樹青(qing)教授(shou)(南(nan)(nan)京大學生(sheng)命科學院(yuan)教授(shou)、博士生(sheng)導師)稱鳥兒洲濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙潮(chao)河(he)是東方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萊茵河(he),是洞庭湖(hu)生(sheng)態廊道和珍稀(xi)野(ye)生(sheng)動植物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁衍地(di)(di)(di)(di),是目(mu)(mu)前洞庭湖(hu)區保存最完好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di);12月,通過全國(guo)(guo)專家組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評審(shen),國(guo)(guo)家林(lin)(lin)業總局以林(lin)(lin)濕(shi)(shi)發【2014】205號文件,正式批(pi)準湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)鼎(ding)城(cheng)鳥兒洲濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)開展國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)試(shi)點(dian)建設。
湖南鼎城鳥兒洲國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)具有(you)以下特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian):一(yi)是(shi)(shi)典型性(xing)(xing)(xing)。它是(shi)(shi)由永(yong)久性(xing)(xing)(xing)河流(liu)、湖泊、水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)養殖場(chang)(chang)和稻田組成(cheng)的(de)復合濕(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong),在澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域(yu)和洞庭湖流(liu)域(yu)具有(you)典型性(xing)(xing)(xing)和代表性(xing)(xing)(xing),具有(you)較高的(de)科(ke)學價(jia)值和保(bao)護(hu)(hu)價(jia)值;二是(shi)(shi)獨(du)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。鳥兒洲所在的(de)沙潮河是(shi)(shi)古(gu)洪道,其獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)河湖網絡水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)在長江中下游流(liu)域(yu)具有(you)極強(qiang)的(de)獨(du)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing),公園(yuan)(yuan)處于(yu)東亞(ya)候(hou)鳥重(zhong)要遷徙路線其天然濕(shi)地(di)(di)為眾多鳥類提(ti)供了(le)良(liang)好的(de)棲息、覓食和越冬場(chang)(chang)所;三是(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)種多樣性(xing)(xing)(xing)。據不完全統(tong)計,公園(yuan)(yuan)及周(zhou)邊野生(sheng)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源豐(feng)富,植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)111科(ke)324屬(shu)455種,國家II級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)樟樹、金蕎(qiao)麥、野大豆(dou)、中華結縷草共(gong)4種;國家II級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)白(bai)尾鷂(yao)、燕隼(sun)、紅隼(sun)等8種;湖南省重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)黃鼬、鼬獾、烏梢蛇等62種。
湖(hu)(hu)南鼎(ding)城(cheng)鳥兒洲(zhou)國家濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)目標(biao):通過濕(shi)(shi)地保(bao)護(hu)和(he)恢(hui)復、科學研究、科普(pu)(pu)宣教、休閑娛樂(le)等(deng)功能的(de)(de)統(tong)籌安排,將濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)成(cheng)(cheng)洞庭湖(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)經濟圈保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)典范(fan)和(he)湖(hu)(hu)南省湖(hu)(hu)泊-河流(liu)復合(he)型濕(shi)(shi)地生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統(tong)的(de)(de)示范(fan);使濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)為環境(jing)良好、生(sheng)物多樣化的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文明建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)重要窗口;具(ju)有濃郁(yu)湖(hu)(hu)湘文化特征的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)旅(lv)游區;具(ju)備較高管理水平的(de)(de)科普(pu)(pu)宣教基地。