1999年,河(he)北省(sheng)(sheng)人民政府批準建立“秦皇(huang)島柳江盆地地質遺跡省(sheng)(sheng)級自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)”。保(bao)護區(qu)隸(li)屬河(he)北省(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)土(tu)資源(yuan)廳。
2005年,柳(liu)江(jiang)盆地(di)地(di)質遺跡(ji)國家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu)被批(pi)準(zhun)為國家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu)。
河(he)北(bei)柳(liu)江盆地地質遺跡(ji)國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區位于河(he)北(bei)省秦皇(huang)島(dao)市撫寧縣境內,其核心距秦皇(huang)島(dao)市區15km。?
柳江(jiang)盆地地質遺(yi)跡國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區
河北柳江盆地(di)地(di)質遺跡國家級自然保(bao)護區所處大地(di)構
造(zao)位置屬中(zhong)朝準地臺燕(yan)山(shan)臺褶(zhe)帶中(zhong)的(de)次一(yi)級構(gou)造(zao)單元-山(shan)海(hai)關隆起的(de)南緣,以元古界、古生(sheng)界和中(zhong)生(sheng)界為主,組成(cheng)向斜構(gou)造(zao)。其中(zhong)元古界及古生(sheng)界環繞盆地邊(bian)緣分(fen)布,構(gou)成(cheng)向斜的(de)兩翼,中(zhong)生(sheng)界侏羅系分(fen)布于盆地中(zhong)部(bu)(bu),構(gou)成(cheng)向斜的(de)核(he)部(bu)(bu)。
盆地基(ji)底(di)為(wei)新(xin)太古(gu)界(jie)(jie)晚期混合(he)花崗巖,其上為(wei)新(xin)元古(gu)界(jie)(jie)濱淺(qian)海相(xiang)砂巖、泥灰巖,二者之間以呂梁運動(dong)所(suo)形成的角度不(bu)整(zheng)合(he)接觸(chu)。新(xin)元古(gu)界(jie)(jie)以薊縣(xian)運動(dong)所(suo)形成的平行不(bu)整(zheng)合(he)面與下古(gu)生界(jie)(jie)接觸(chu)。
柳江盆(pen)地(di)呈(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)向簸(bo)箕狀,東、北(bei)(bei)、西(xi)高(gao),南(nan)低(di),區內海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度為(wei)60—400m,最(zui)高(gao)點為(wei)盆(pen)地(di)北(bei)(bei)端(duan)的老君頂,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)493.7m。東部(bu)(bu)為(wei)石(shi)湖(hu)(hu)山、后(hou)石(shi)湖(hu)(hu)山,北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)梯子嶺,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)響山,盆(pen)地(di)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)低(di)山丘陵。
河北柳江(jiang)盆地(di)地(di)質(zhi)遺跡國家級自然保護區屬于暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶半濕(shi)潤大陸(lu)性(xing)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou),春夏受海(hai)洋東南季(ji)(ji)風(feng)影響,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)除受東北寒(han)流影響外還受海(hai)洋暖(nuan)流調節(jie)。氣(qi)候(hou)總趨勢是冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)較(jiao)長偏暖(nuan),夏季(ji)(ji)涼(liang)爽(shuang),秋季(ji)(ji)較(jiao)短(duan),春季(ji)(ji)干旱多風(feng)。主(zhu)導(dao)風(feng)向夏季(ji)(ji)東南風(feng),冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)東北風(feng),四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明(ming),與同緯度內陸(lu)區相比(bi)有夏季(ji)(ji)涼(liang)爽(shuang)適(shi)宜,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)小天暖(nuan)的(de)特點。多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)10.1℃,多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水量744.7mm/a,降(jiang)(jiang)水的(de)76%集(ji)中在6-8月份。
河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)柳(liu)江(jiang)(jiang)盆地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)質遺跡國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)水(shui)系較為發(fa)育,大石(shi)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域和湯(tang)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域,由北(bei)向南流(liu)(liu)經本區(qu)(qu),并(bing)各自(zi)注入渤海。兩河(he)(he)(he)分(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)位(wei)于秋子峪一帶,地(di)(di)(di)表與(yu)地(di)(di)(di)下分(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)一致。大石(shi)河(he)(he)(he)是(shi)流(liu)(liu)經保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)最(zui)大的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),有許多支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)匯合而成,構成樹(shu)枝(zhi)狀水(shui)系,展布于柳(liu)江(jiang)(jiang)盆地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu);湯(tang)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域位(wei)于盆地(di)(di)(di)西部(bu),區(qu)(qu)內(nei)河(he)(he)(he)長10km,于南部(bu)雞冠山口(kou)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。?
保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地理坐標范(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經119°30′00″—119°40′13″,北(bei)緯(wei)40°00′30″—40°10′00″,柳江盆地南北(bei)長20公(gong)(gong)里(li),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)12公(gong)(gong)里(li),面(mian)積(ji)1395公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。其中,核心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)476公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共由4個相對獨立(li)的分(fen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng):(1)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部落—潮水峪(yu)—砂(sha)鍋店區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)857公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)起張巖子村(cun)西(xi)(xi)坡腳,沿280°軸(zhou)向(xiang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部落村(cun)北(bei)500米(mi)處(chu)(chu),南北(bei)寬(kuan)(kuan)500—900米(mi);再向(xiang)西(xi)(xi),沿近東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)走向(xiang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石嶺(ling)村(cun)南500米(mi)處(chu)(chu),長3750米(mi),南北(bei)寬(kuan)(kuan)750—2000米(mi);隨后(hou)(hou)軸(zhou)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)為(wei)150°,延至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)砂(sha)鍋店村(cun)東(dong)(dong)(dong)800米(mi)處(chu)(chu),長約2000米(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)770米(mi)。(2)亮(liang)甲山(shan)(shan)—歡喜嶺(ling)—瓦家山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)217公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)起亮(liang)甲山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)坡陡崖(ya)處(chu)(chu),經歡喜嶺(ling)村(cun)東(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瓦家山(shan)(shan)村(cun)西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)梁上,呈“S”形(xing)帶狀(zhuang)分(fen)布,寬(kuan)(kuan)250—850米(mi)。(3)黑山(shan)(shan)窯—大(da)洼山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)155公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)起自(zi)黑山(shan)(shan)窯后(hou)(hou)村(cun)西(xi)(xi)邊,沿295°軸(zhou)向(xiang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)洼山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)坡,長約2500米(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)600—800米(mi)。(4)雞(ji)冠山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)166公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)起自(zi)八嶺(ling)溝村(cun)北(bei)西(xi)(xi)350米(mi)處(chu)(chu)坡腳,向(xiang)北(bei)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)跨越湯河河谷至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)平臺西(xi)(xi)側陡崖(ya)。?
河北柳江盆地(di)地(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)國家級自然保護區地(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)資源包括24個組級地(di)層單位(wei)、六大地(di)殼(ke)不整合面和多(duo)種典型地(di)質(zhi)構造與地(di)貌(mao)。主(zhu)要保護對(dui)象包括:
(1)由呂梁運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、薊縣運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、加里(li)東(dong)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、海西運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、印(yin)支運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和燕山(shan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)所(suo)形(xing)成的六(liu)大不(bu)整合(he)面;
(2)元古界(jie)、古生界(jie)、中生界(jie)等(deng)三套地(di)層;
(3)古生物化石組合(he)帶(dai);
(4)巖漿巖、變質巖、沉積(ji)巖三大巖類;
(5)不同(tong)級別的(de)褶皺、不同(tong)性質的(de)斷裂及其他構造形(xing)跡;
(6)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)、礦點、非金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)礦化(hua)點;
(7)巖溶(rong)(rong)作用形成(cheng)的象鼻(bi)山、溶(rong)(rong)洞、天(tian)井、石芽(ya)、溶(rong)(rong)溝等;
(8)流(liu)水(shui)作用形(xing)成的離堆山、跌水(shui)、河流(liu)階(jie)地等。?
秦皇島柳江(jiang)盆地地質遺跡(ji)省級自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)管理(li)處(chu)于(yu)1999年經河北省機構編制(zhi)委員會批準設立,為(wei)相當處(chu)級事(shi)業單位,編制(zhi)15名,下設現場管理(li)科、科研開發(fa)科、辦公(gong)室(shi),主要職責包括:貫徹執行(xing)有關自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)建設的法律法規;開展(zhan)保護(hu)區(qu)基礎調查、科研和學術(shu)交流活動;負責保護(hu)區(qu)現場保護(hu)、監測和宣傳工作。 [5]
(1)六大不整(zheng)(zheng)合面(mian)(mian)中,“加里東運(yun)動(dong)”不整(zheng)(zheng)合面(mian)(mian)、“海(hai)西(xi)運(yun)動(dong)”不整(zheng)(zheng)合面(mian)(mian)、“印支運(yun)動(dong)”不整(zheng)(zheng)合面(mian)(mian)具(ju)有大區(qu)域對比意義。“呂(lv)梁(liang)運(yun)動(dong)”不整(zheng)(zheng)合面(mian)(mian)、“薊縣(xian)運(yun)動(dong)”不整(zheng)(zheng)合面(mian)(mian)、“燕(yan)山運(yun)動(dong)”不整(zheng)(zheng)合面(mian)(mian)具(ju)有區(qu)域對比意義;
(2)柳(liu)江盆地三套(tao)地層(ceng)及三大巖(yan)類分布(bu)廣泛(fan),均為自然露頭,地層(ceng)完整,界限清楚(chu),巖(yan)類齊全,化石(shi)豐富,沉(chen)積構造發育。
(3)第四系洞穴堆積(ji)。
(4)現代(dai)海洋沉積(ji)環境與地質遺跡的(de)對比研究。
柳江盆地地質遺跡(ji)國家級自然保護區境內(nei)有京(jing)(jing)哈、京(jing)(jing)秦、大秦、秦青4條鐵(tie)路(lu)。京(jing)(jing)秦高(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)在境內(nei)通過,京(jing)(jing)沈高(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)穿越撫寧境內(nei)35.1公(gong)里(茶棚(peng)-永寧寨)、北戴(dai)河(he)連(lian)接線12.1公(gong)里。