黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)嶺峰(feng)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區始建于(yu)2002年(nian),2006年(nian)被黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)省政府批(pi)準(zhun)為(wei)省級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區。2017年(nian)7月經國(guo)務院批(pi)準(zhun)晉升為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區。
黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)嶺(ling)峰國家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)位于黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)省大興安(an)(an)嶺(ling)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)漠河市境內,大興安(an)(an)嶺(ling)林(lin)業管理局(ju)阿木(mu)爾林(lin)業局(ju)施業區(qu)(qu)(qu)南部,地(di)處祖國北部邊疆,大興安(an)(an)嶺(ling)山脈北坡。地(di)理坐標為東(dong)經122°41′30″~123°26′05″,北緯(wei)52°15′03″~52°31′00″。嶺(ling)峰自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總面積68,373公頃。是我國寒(han)溫帶地(di)帶北的一個野生(sheng)動物類型自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu),具有(you)寒(han)溫帶針葉林(lin)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)的典型特征和比較完整、豐富的物種資源。
黑龍(long)江(jiang)嶺峰國家級自然保護區(qu)位于黑龍(long)江(jiang)大(da)興安嶺林(lin)業管(guan)理局阿(a)木爾林(lin)業局南端,總面積(ji)68,373公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其中核心區(qu)面積(ji)26,660公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),緩(huan)沖區(qu)面積(ji)22,307公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),實驗(yan)區(qu)面積(ji)19,406公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。
區內具備完好的原始寒溫帶針葉(xie)林生(sheng)境(jing),沒有任(ren)何居民點,核心區內從來未(wei)從事過大現(xian)模林業生(sheng)產(chan)活動(dong)(dong),也(ye)沒有任(ren)何嚴重破(po)壞生(sheng)境(jing)的采礦業,如采金等活動(dong)(dong),人為干擾(rao)程度(du)很小,除了一些防火通道(dao)及(ji)公路外,幾乎全區均保(bao)存(cun)著原始的生(sheng)態景觀。
該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)常見植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)約847種(zhong)(zhong),列(lie)為國(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護有(you)(you)6種(zhong)(zhong)。此外,寒溫帶森(sen)林的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)也為相應的(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了棲(qi)息場(chang)所。本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地理(li)分區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)古北界、東北亞界、東北區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大興安嶺亞區(qu)(qu)(qu),動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)與數(shu)(shu)量(liang)也很豐富,據統計,陸生(sheng)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)219種(zhong)(zhong),其中獸類(lei)(lei)41種(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)171種(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)爬類(lei)(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)。被(bei)《瀕危野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際(ji)貿易公約》附(fu)錄I附(fu)錄II收錄的(de)(de)(de)哺乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)哺乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)12.1%;鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)25種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)14.61%。被(bei)列(lie)為國(guo)家(jia)級保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中,獸類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)9種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)哺乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)16.7%,鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)31種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)18.1%。在(zai)高緯度地區(qu)(qu)(qu),就生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性而(er)言,具有(you)(you)典型性和代表性,對于科學研究(jiu)和環境效(xiao)應均(jun)有(you)(you)極高價值。
區(qu)(qu)內(nei)具備完好(hao)的原始(shi)寒溫(wen)帶針(zhen)葉林生(sheng)境,沒有任何居(ju)民(min)點,核心區(qu)(qu)內(nei)從(cong)來未從(cong)事(shi)過(guo)大現模(mo)林業生(sheng)產活(huo)動,也(ye)沒有任何嚴重破壞生(sheng)境的采(cai)礦業,如采(cai)金等活(huo)動,人為干擾(rao)程度很小(xiao),除了一些防火通道及公路外(wai),幾(ji)乎全區(qu)(qu)均(jun)保存著原始(shi)的生(sheng)態景觀。
保護(hu)區(qu)屬于森林(lin)生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統類型(xing)自然保護(hu)區(qu),具有寒(han)溫(wen)帶(dai)針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)典型(xing)特征和(he)(he)比較(jiao)完整、豐富的(de)(de)物(wu)種(zhong)資(zi)源。區(qu)內保存有完好的(de)(de)、面積較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)寒(han)溫(wen)帶(dai)針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)。野生動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)資(zi)源十分豐富,區(qu)內分布有植物(wu)847種(zhong),脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)249種(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中國家重點保護(hu)野生動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)共計46種(zhong)。尤其(qi)(qi)是作為(wei)寒(han)溫(wen)帶(dai)針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)代表(biao)性動(dong)(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)貂(diao)熊、黑(hei)嘴松(song)雞和(he)(he)駝鹿等的(de)(de)種(zhong)群密度都較(jiao)大(da),具有極為(wei)重要的(de)(de)科學研(yan)究價(jia)值(zhi)和(he)(he)極高的(de)(de)保護(hu)價(jia)值(zhi)。