黑龍(long)江嶺(ling)峰國家級自(zi)然保護區始(shi)建于2002年,2006年被黑龍(long)江省(sheng)政府批準(zhun)為(wei)省(sheng)級自(zi)然保護區。2017年7月經國務院批準(zhun)晉升(sheng)為(wei)國家級自(zi)然保護區。
黑龍江嶺(ling)峰(feng)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區(qu)位于黑龍江省(sheng)大興(xing)安嶺(ling)地區(qu)漠河市境(jing)內,大興(xing)安嶺(ling)林(lin)(lin)業管理局阿木爾林(lin)(lin)業局施業區(qu)南(nan)部(bu)(bu),地處祖國(guo)(guo)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)邊(bian)疆,大興(xing)安嶺(ling)山(shan)脈(mo)北(bei)坡。地理坐標(biao)為(wei)東經(jing)122°41′30″~123°26′05″,北(bei)緯52°15′03″~52°31′00″。嶺(ling)峰(feng)自然保護(hu)區(qu)總面(mian)積68,373公頃。是我國(guo)(guo)寒溫帶(dai)地帶(dai)北(bei)的一個野生動物(wu)類型自然保護(hu)區(qu),具(ju)有寒溫帶(dai)針葉林(lin)(lin)生態系統的典型特征和比較完整、豐富的物(wu)種資源。
黑龍江嶺峰國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區位于黑龍江大(da)興(xing)安嶺林業管(guan)理局阿木爾林業局南端,總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)68,373公(gong)頃(qing),其(qi)中(zhong)核心區面(mian)積(ji)(ji)26,660公(gong)頃(qing),緩(huan)沖(chong)區面(mian)積(ji)(ji)22,307公(gong)頃(qing),實(shi)驗區面(mian)積(ji)(ji)19,406公(gong)頃(qing)。
區(qu)內具備完好的(de)原始寒溫帶(dai)針(zhen)葉林生(sheng)(sheng)境,沒有(you)任何居(ju)民(min)點(dian),核心區(qu)內從(cong)來未從(cong)事(shi)過大(da)現模林業生(sheng)(sheng)產活(huo)動(dong),也沒有(you)任何嚴重破壞(huai)生(sheng)(sheng)境的(de)采礦業,如采金等活(huo)動(dong),人為干擾程度很小,除了(le)一些(xie)防火通道及(ji)公路外,幾乎全區(qu)均保存著(zhu)原始的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態景觀。
該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)常見植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)約(yue)847種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列(lie)為(wei)國家(jia)保護有(you)(you)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此外(wai),寒溫帶(dai)森(sen)林的存(cun)在也為(wei)相(xiang)應(ying)的野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了(le)棲息(xi)場所。本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地理分區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)古(gu)北界、東(dong)(dong)北亞界、東(dong)(dong)北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、大興安(an)嶺亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)與數量也很豐富,據統計,陸生野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)獸類(lei)(lei)41種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)171種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩爬類(lei)(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。被(bei)《瀕危野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公(gong)約(yue)》附錄(lu)I附錄(lu)II收(shou)錄(lu)的哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的12.1%;鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的14.61%。被(bei)列(lie)為(wei)國家(jia)級保護的野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong),獸類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數16.7%,鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的18.1%。在高緯度地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),就生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)而言(yan),具有(you)(you)典型(xing)性(xing)(xing)和代表性(xing)(xing),對于科學(xue)研究和環境(jing)效應(ying)均有(you)(you)極高價值(zhi)。
區(qu)內(nei)具備完好的(de)原始寒溫(wen)帶(dai)針(zhen)葉林(lin)生(sheng)境(jing),沒(mei)有任何(he)居民(min)點,核(he)心區(qu)內(nei)從來未(wei)從事過大現模林(lin)業生(sheng)產活動,也沒(mei)有任何(he)嚴重破壞生(sheng)境(jing)的(de)采礦業,如采金等活動,人為干擾(rao)程度很(hen)小,除了(le)一些防火通道及公路外,幾乎全區(qu)均(jun)保存著原始的(de)生(sheng)態景觀。
保(bao)護(hu)區屬(shu)于森林(lin)生態系(xi)統(tong)類型自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區,具有(you)寒溫帶(dai)針(zhen)葉林(lin)生態系(xi)統(tong)的典型特征和比(bi)較(jiao)完(wan)整(zheng)、豐(feng)富的物(wu)種(zhong)資源(yuan)。區內(nei)保(bao)存有(you)完(wan)好的、面積(ji)較(jiao)大的寒溫帶(dai)針(zhen)葉林(lin)。野生動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)資源(yuan)十分(fen)豐(feng)富,區內(nei)分(fen)布(bu)有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)847種(zhong),脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)249種(zhong),其中(zhong)國家重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)野生動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)共計46種(zhong)。尤其是作為寒溫帶(dai)針(zhen)葉林(lin)代(dai)表(biao)性動(dong)物(wu)的貂熊(xiong)、黑(hei)嘴松雞(ji)和駝(tuo)鹿(lu)等的種(zhong)群密度都較(jiao)大,具有(you)極為重(zhong)要的科學(xue)研究價值和極高的保(bao)護(hu)價值。