鴨綠(lv)江口濕地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)是(shi)國家級濕地(di)(di)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)。位(wei)于遼寧省(sheng)東(dong)港市(shi)境內(nei)。由丹東(dong)鴨綠(lv)江口濕地(di)(di)國家級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)管理局管理。鴨綠(lv)江口濕地(di)(di)縣(xian)級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)成立于1987年(nian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)總面積770平方千(qian)米,是(shi)遼寧省(sheng)第二大濕地(di)(di)。屬北溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性(xing)季風濕潤(run)氣候(hou)。年(nian)均氣溫(wen)(wen)9.8℃,歷年(nian)最(zui)低氣溫(wen)(wen)﹣28.2℃,最(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)(wen)33.9℃。年(nian)均降水量680~1200毫米,最(zui)大降水量1321毫米。年(nian)均相(xiang)對濕度為(wei)72%,年(nian)均日照(zhao)時數2483小時,無霜期202天。全年(nian)盛行東(dong)北風,最(zui)大風速4.4米/秒(miao)。
保護區濕(shi)地(di)地(di)貌包括濕(shi)地(di)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)、沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)灘(tan)涂(tu)、河(he)(he)(he)口(kou)(kou)(kou)三(san)角洲、水(shui)下三(san)角洲等。濕(shi)地(di)沿(yan)(yan)東港(gang)市(shi)境內(nei)的海(hai)(hai)岸線,由(you)東向西呈帶(dai)狀分布(bu),地(di)勢總體低洼平(ping)(ping)坦,除大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)海(hai)(hai)拔189米外,一些海(hai)(hai)島(dao)和(he)丘(qiu)陵海(hai)(hai)拔均在20~70米,沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)和(he)灘(tan)涂(tu)、河(he)(he)(he)口(kou)(kou)(kou)等海(hai)(hai)拔均在5米以下。濕(shi)地(di)內(nei)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)密(mi)布(bu),較大(da)的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有7條,主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)鴨綠江、大(da)洋河(he)(he)(he),還有沙壩河(he)(he)(he)、龍(long)態河(he)(he)(he)、棗兒(er)河(he)(he)(he)、衣龍(long)河(he)(he)(he)、小洋河(he)(he)(he),最終均注入黃海(hai)(hai)。濕(shi)地(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤主要(yao)(yao)有濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮灘(tan)鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽(yan)化(hua)沼(zhao)澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、及(ji)棕壤,除棕壤是(shi)由(you)酸(suan)性巖和(he)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、紅土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等形成外,其他土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤都是(shi)由(you)坡(po)沖積物(wu)和(he)沖積海(hai)(hai)積物(wu)形成的。濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮灘(tan)鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)在沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)灘(tan)涂(tu);草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)分布(bu)在農田和(he)菜(cai)田;鹽(yan)化(hua)沼(zhao)澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)分布(bu)在近海(hai)(hai)河(he)(he)(he)口(kou)(kou)(kou)地(di)帶(dai);水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)分布(bu)在沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)的水(shui)稻田;棕壤分布(bu)在北部海(hai)(hai)拔較高的地(di)帶(dai)。
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內有野生植物337種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中野大(da)豆為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物。鳥類資源豐(feng)富,共(gong)有15目(mu)44科(ke)241種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物有8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括丹(dan)頂鶴、白(bai)枕鶴、白(bai)鶴、白(bai)鸛(guan)等(deng);國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括大(da)天鵝、白(bai)額雁、小杓鷸等(deng);世界瀕危鳥類有黑(hei)嘴鷗(ou)和斑背大(da)葦鶯;《中日候鳥保(bao)護(hu)(hu)協定(ding)》規定(ding)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有114種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);《中澳候鳥保(bao)護(hu)(hu)協定(ding)》規定(ding)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。另有魚類88種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩棲類3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺(bu)乳類1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),底(di)棲動物74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),浮游動物54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
鴨綠江口(kou)國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)于1999年(nian)(nian)7月被濕地國(guo)際(ji)-亞太理(li)(li)事管(guan)理(li)(li)委員會正式(shi)列入東亞-澳大利亞涉禽(qin)網絡。2001年(nian)(nian)建立了保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)孤山管(guan)理(li)(li)站,2006年(nian)(nian)建立了保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)東港管(guan)理(li)(li)站。2006年(nian)(nian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)與新西米蘭締結(jie)姊妹保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)。