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歷史記載

漢書記載

《漢書·地(di)理(li)志(zhi)》“望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”下注(zhu):“張(zhang)(zhang)晏曰：堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)，登(deng)堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)見(jian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)，故(gu)以(yi)為(wei)名(ming)(ming)。”；《史記，秦始(shi)皇本紀(ji)》載“以(yi)攻龍、孤、慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”，此文下注(zhu)《正義》引《括地(di)志(zhi)》云(yun)：“又定州唐縣(xian)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)五(wu)十(shi)四里有孤山(shan)(shan)。蓋都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)也(ye)。《帝王紀(ji)》云(yun)‘堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)所居’。張(zhang)(zhang)晏云(yun)‘堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)，相去五(wu)十(shi)里，北(bei)(bei)登(deng)堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)，南(nan)望(wang)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)也(ye)’”。清(qing)顧祖禹《讀史方輿(yu)紀(ji)要》卷十(shi)二：“（唐山(shan)(shan)）縣(xian)北(bei)(bei)八里。一名(ming)(ming)唐巖，亦名(ming)(ming)堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)。又縣(xian)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)十(shi)五(wu)里有孤山(shan)(shan)，四面平坦，不與他山(shan)(shan)相接(jie)。一名(ming)(ming)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)，亦名(ming)(ming)亙(gen)山(shan)(shan)，又謂之望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)。張(zhang)(zhang)晏曰：都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)南(nan)，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)所居。堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)北(bei)(bei)。登(deng)堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)，望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)，故(gu)以(yi)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)名(ming)(ming)，即此二山(shan)(shan)也(ye)。”

水經注記載

酈道元《水(shui)(shui)(shui)經注(zhu)》卷(juan)十(shi)(shi)一滱(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)注(zhu)云：“應(ying)(ying)劭《地(di)理(li)風俗(su)(su)記》曰(yue)：唐(tang)縣西(xi)四十(shi)(shi)里得中(zhong)(zhong)人亭。今(jin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)取中(zhong)(zhong)人鄉，則(ze)(ze)四十(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。唐(tang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)在西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)入滱(kou)，與應(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)，又(you)(you)(you)言堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者，在南(nan)(nan)(nan)則(ze)(ze)無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)非(fei)也(ye)(ye)。闞駰《十(shi)(shi)三州(zhou)志》曰(yue)：中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)治盧(lu)奴，唐(tang)縣故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在國北(bei)(bei)(bei)七十(shi)(shi)五里。駰所(suo)說(shuo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)則(ze)(ze)非(fei)也(ye)(ye)。《史記》曰(yue)：帝(di)嚳氏沒，帝(di)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)氏作，始封于(yu)(yu)(yu)唐(tang)。望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)縣在南(nan)(nan)(nan)，今(jin)此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)對盧(lu)奴故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，自(zi)外(wai)無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)應(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。考古知今(jin)，事義全違，俗(su)(su)名(ming)(ming)(ming)望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)(ze)八十(shi)(shi)許里，距中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)(ze)七十(shi)(shi)里，驗途推邑，宜為(wei)唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)去堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五里，與七十(shi)(shi)五里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)相(xiang)符(fu)。然(ran)則(ze)(ze)俗(su)(su)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，即是堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，在唐(tang)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)界。皇(huang)甫謐曰(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亦名(ming)(ming)(ming)豆(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)如東，嶄絕孤(gu)峙，虎牙桀立，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)有堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廟，是即堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)所(suo)登(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者也(ye)(ye)。《地(di)理(li)志》曰(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在南(nan)(nan)(nan)。今(jin)考此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，又(you)(you)(you)無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)應(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是故(gu)(gu)先后論者，咸以(yi)《地(di)理(li)記》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)為(wei)失。又(you)(you)(you)即俗(su)(su)說(shuo)以(yi)唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者，自(zi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，假復有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，途程紆遠，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀全乖(guai)，古證(zheng)傳為(wei)疏罔。是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)豆(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)足，有一泉源，東北(bei)(bei)(bei)流徑豆(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下合(he)蘇水(shui)(shui)(shui)，亂流轉注(zhu)東入滱(kou)，是豈唐(tang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)乎？所(suo)未詳也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)如東十(shi)(shi)余里，有一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗(su)(su)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高昌縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。縣在唐(tang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，皇(huang)甫謐曰(yue)：相(xiang)去五十(shi)(shi)里。稽諸(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)，猶十(shi)(shi)五里，蓋(gai)書(shu)誤耳(er)。此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東，有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤(gu)峙，世以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不連陵，名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，孤(gu)、都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)聲相(xiang)近，疑即所(suo)謂(wei)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。《帝(di)王世紀(ji)》曰(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)居，故(gu)(gu)縣目曰(yue)望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)。張晏曰(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在北(bei)(bei)(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在南(nan)(nan)(nan)，登(deng)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)(gu)望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)縣以(yi)為(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。”

猜測

保定唐縣(xian)(xian)、完(wan)縣(xian)(xian)、望都(dou)(dou)(dou)三縣(xian)(xian)所謂帝堯(yao)“生域(yu)”這一(yi)帶(dai)，有(you)堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)和(he)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)，分別以堯(yao)和(he)堯(yao)母慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)的名字命名；堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)北，堯(yao)母慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)南，北登堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)望見慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)，望都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)由此而得名；堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)和(he)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)之間有(you)一(yi)定距離。

中國歷史地圖集記載

按(an)：據《中(zhong)國歷史地(di)圖集》載(zai)(zai)(zai)，春秋時期，境內(nei)已有(you)左(zuo)人(ren)邑(yi)（今(jin)周(zhou)雹(bao)水(shui)、北雹(bao)水(shui)）、中(zhong)人(ren)邑(yi)（今(jin)都亭）、孤邑(yi)（今(jin)北高昌(chang)，亦(yi)稱慶都邑(yi)），陽邑(yi)（亦(yi)稱唐(tang)邑(yi)，今(jin)固城(cheng)），屬燕地(di)、中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)地(di)。又(you)據望都縣(xian)志記載(zai)(zai)(zai)：慶都縣(xian)原治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)自西漢至北宋，在(zai)唐(tang)縣(xian)固城(cheng)、高昌(chang)一(yi)帶。故酈道元《水(shui)經注》對(dui)陽邑(yi)（按(an)即唐(tang)城(cheng)）、慶都縣(xian)舊治(zhi)，考察(cha)極(ji)為清晰：今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)“南北固城(cheng)”，就(jiu)是(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂帝堯(yao)(yao)(yao)史封之(zhi)(zhi)“唐(tang)”，而“城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)南如(ru)東十(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)里(li)(li)，有(you)一(yi)城(cheng)，俗(su)謂之(zhi)(zhi)高昌(chang)縣(xian)城(cheng)，或望都之(zhi)(zhi)故城(cheng)也。縣(xian)在(zai)唐(tang)南”，“稽諸城(cheng)地(di)，猶十(shi)(shi)(shi)五里(li)(li)，蓋書(shu)誤耳”，酈道元作了實地(di)考察(cha)，唐(tang)城(cheng)與高昌(chang)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)間，相距大約十(shi)(shi)(shi)五華里(li)(li)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以皇(huang)甫(fu)謐(mi)說(shuo)相距五十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)，大概是(shi)書(shu)寫之(zhi)(zhi)誤。而《漢書(shu)，地(di)理志》說(shuo)，“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)南”，而唐(tang)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)南并沒有(you)這樣(yang)一(yi)座“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)”，但“唐(tang)城(cheng)。城(cheng)北去堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)五里(li)(li)”，城(cheng)北卻恰(qia)恰(qia)有(you)這么一(yi)座“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)”，這座距北固城(cheng)五里(li)(li)的所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)”，即是(shi)位(wei)于順平縣(xian)境內(nei)的“伊祁(qi)山(shan)(shan)”，也就(jiu)是(shi)《完縣(xian)新志》所(suo)(suo)(suo)載(zai)(zai)(zai)帝堯(yao)(yao)(yao)出生之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，由此可(ke)知，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)就(jiu)是(shi)伊祁(qi)山(shan)(shan)。

位置

再說(shuo)(shuo)慶都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)位置。《史(shi)記(ji)正義(yi)》引“張(zhang)晏云‘堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)北，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)南(nan)，相去(qu)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里，北登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，南(nan)望慶都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)’”。按(an)酈(li)(li)道元《水經注(zhu)，滱水注(zhu)》云：（唐(tang)(tang)）“城(cheng)之南(nan)如(ru)東十(shi)余里，有(you)一城(cheng)，俗謂之高昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)縣(xian)城(cheng)，或(huo)望都(dou)之故(gu)城(cheng)也(ye)”，而(er)“唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)。城(cheng)北去(qu)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)里”，又云“此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)（高昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)）之東，有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤峙，世(shi)以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不連陵(ling)，名之曰(yue)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，孤、都(dou)聲(sheng)相近，疑即(ji)所謂都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)”，由(you)此(ci)(ci)可(ke)知，唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)大(da)(da)約(yue)距(ju)(ju)離(li)高昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)“十(shi)余里”，而(er)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)北距(ju)(ju)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)里，高昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)之東即(ji)是(shi)(shi)“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，故(gu)“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”南(nan)距(ju)(ju)“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”恰好大(da)(da)約(yue)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里左右。所以，酈(li)(li)道元指出，“稽諸城(cheng)地(di)，猶十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里，蓋書誤耳”，這雖然是(shi)(shi)指唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)和(he)高昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)致(zhi)距(ju)(ju)離(li)，但我們由(you)此(ci)(ci)亦可(ke)知堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相距(ju)(ju)也(ye)應(ying)大(da)(da)致(zhi)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)，而(er)張(zhang)晏所謂兩(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“相去(qu)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里”，皇甫謐(mi)說(shuo)(shuo)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)和(he)高昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)“相去(qu)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里”，如(ru)此(ci)(ci)巧合，當(dang)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里書寫之誤無疑。故(gu)由(you)此(ci)(ci)可(ke)知，所謂慶都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，就是(shi)(shi)現在(zai)在(zai)順(shun)平縣(xian)城(cheng)通往(wang)唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)路旁，唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)高昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)東、望都(dou)郭(guo)村(cun)村(cun)北的(de)(de)“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，當(dang)地(di)人(ren)(ren)俗稱“小孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面積0、1平方公(gong)(gong)里，海拔111、9米，因(yin)為四周皆是(shi)(shi)平原，無山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)相連，故(gu)名。因(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)結構是(shi)(shi)“麻片巖”，石(shi)質尖脆，便于開(kai)采，近些年(nian)當(dang)地(di)人(ren)(ren)過度開(kai)采石(shi)頭，已經基本快(kuai)炸(zha)平了。據本地(di)老人(ren)(ren)們說(shuo)(shuo)，孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上曾經有(you)塔(ta)和(he)廟 , 后因(yin)開(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)取石(shi)，今天(tian)廟、塔(ta)今已蕩然無存。