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歷史記載

漢書記載

《漢(han)書·地理志》“望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)”下(xia)注:“張(zhang)晏(yan)(yan)曰(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)，登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)見都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)，故以為名(ming)。”；《史記，秦(qin)始皇本紀》載“以攻龍、孤、慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)”，此文(wen)下(xia)注《正(zheng)義》引《括(kuo)地志》云：“又定州唐(tang)縣(xian)東北(bei)(bei)五十四(si)里有(you)孤山(shan)。蓋都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)也。《帝王紀》云‘堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)(suo)居(ju)(ju)’。張(zhang)晏(yan)(yan)云‘堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)，相去五十里，北(bei)(bei)登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)，南(nan)望(wang)(wang)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)也’”。清顧祖(zu)禹《讀(du)史方輿紀要(yao)》卷(juan)十二：“（唐(tang)山(shan)）縣(xian)北(bei)(bei)八里。一名(ming)唐(tang)巖(yan)，亦(yi)名(ming)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)。又縣(xian)東北(bei)(bei)十五里有(you)孤山(shan)，四(si)面(mian)平(ping)坦，不(bu)與(yu)他(ta)山(shan)相接。一名(ming)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)，亦(yi)名(ming)亙山(shan)，又謂(wei)之望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)。張(zhang)晏(yan)(yan)曰(yue)：都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)南(nan)，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)(suo)居(ju)(ju)。堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)其北(bei)(bei)。登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)，望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)，故以望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)為名(ming)，即此二山(shan)也。”

水經注記載

酈道(dao)元《水(shui)(shui)經注(zhu)》卷十一(yi)(yi)滱水(shui)(shui)注(zhu)云：“應(ying)劭《地理(li)(li)風俗(su)記》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：唐(tang)(tang)(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)四十里(li)(li)(li)(li)得中(zhong)人(ren)亭。今于此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)取中(zhong)人(ren)鄉，則(ze)四十也(ye)(ye)(ye)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)水(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)北(bei)入(ru)滱，與(yu)應(ying)符合，又言(yan)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)則(ze)無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為非也(ye)(ye)(ye)。闞駰(yin)《十三州(zhou)志》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)治(zhi)盧(lu)奴(nu)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國北(bei)七(qi)十五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。駰(yin)所(suo)說北(bei)則(ze)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《史記》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：帝(di)嚳氏(shi)沒，帝(di)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)氏(shi)作(zuo)，始封于唐(tang)(tang)(tang)。望(wang)都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)，今此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)對盧(lu)奴(nu)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，自外無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。考古知今，事義(yi)全違，俗(su)名(ming)望(wang)都(dou)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)八十許里(li)(li)(li)(li)，距中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)七(qi)十里(li)(li)(li)(li)，驗(yan)途推(tui)邑，宜(yi)為唐(tang)(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)去(qu)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，與(yu)七(qi)十五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說相(xiang)符。然則(ze)俗(su)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，即(ji)(ji)是(shi)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)望(wang)都(dou)界。皇甫謐曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亦(yi)名(ming)豆山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。今山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)如東(dong)(dong)，嶄(zhan)絕孤峙，虎牙(ya)桀(jie)立，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)有(you)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)廟，是(shi)即(ji)(ji)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)所(suo)登(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《地理(li)(li)志》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)。今考此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)，又無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)故(gu)(gu)先后(hou)論者(zhe)，咸以(yi)(yi)(yi)《地理(li)(li)記》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說為失。又即(ji)(ji)俗(su)說以(yi)(yi)(yi)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為望(wang)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者(zhe)，自北(bei)無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，假復有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，途程紆遠(yuan)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)河(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀全乖，古證(zheng)傳為疏罔。是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)豆山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)足，有(you)一(yi)(yi)泉源(yuan)，東(dong)(dong)北(bei)流徑(jing)豆山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia)合蘇水(shui)(shui)，亂(luan)流轉注(zhu)東(dong)(dong)入(ru)滱，是(shi)豈(qi)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)水(shui)(shui)乎(hu)？所(suo)未(wei)詳也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又于是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)如東(dong)(dong)十余里(li)(li)(li)(li)，有(you)一(yi)(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗(su)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或望(wang)都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)南(nan)，皇甫謐曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：相(xiang)去(qu)五(wu)十里(li)(li)(li)(li)。稽諸(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地，猶十五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，蓋書(shu)誤耳(er)。此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)，有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤峙，世(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不(bu)連(lian)陵(ling)，名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，孤、都(dou)聲相(xiang)近，疑(yi)即(ji)(ji)所(suo)謂(wei)(wei)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《帝(di)王(wang)世(shi)紀》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)都(dou)所(suo)居，故(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)目曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)望(wang)都(dou)。張晏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)，登(deng)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)(gu)望(wang)都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”

猜測

保定(ding)唐(tang)縣(xian)、完縣(xian)、望(wang)(wang)都三縣(xian)所謂帝堯(yao)(yao)“生域”這一帶，有堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)和(he)(he)慶都山(shan)，分(fen)別以堯(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都的(de)名字命名；堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)在(zai)北，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都山(shan)在(zai)南，北登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)望(wang)(wang)見(jian)慶都山(shan)，望(wang)(wang)都縣(xian)由此而得名；堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)和(he)(he)慶都山(shan)之間有一定(ding)距離。

中國歷史地圖集記載

按：據(ju)《中國歷史(shi)地圖集》載(zai)，春(chun)秋時期(qi)，境內已有(you)左人邑(yi)(yi)（今(jin)周雹水(shui)、北(bei)(bei)雹水(shui)）、中人邑(yi)(yi)（今(jin)都亭）、孤邑(yi)(yi)（今(jin)北(bei)(bei)高(gao)昌(chang)，亦稱慶(qing)都邑(yi)(yi)），陽(yang)邑(yi)(yi)（亦稱唐(tang)邑(yi)(yi)，今(jin)固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)），屬燕(yan)地、中山地。又據(ju)望都縣(xian)(xian)志記(ji)載(zai)：慶(qing)都縣(xian)(xian)原(yuan)治(zhi)所自西漢(han)至北(bei)(bei)宋，在唐(tang)縣(xian)(xian)固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、高(gao)昌(chang)一(yi)(yi)帶。故(gu)酈(li)道元(yuan)《水(shui)經注》對陽(yang)邑(yi)(yi)（按即(ji)唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）、慶(qing)都縣(xian)(xian)舊治(zhi)，考察極為清晰：今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)“南北(bei)(bei)固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)所謂(wei)帝堯(yao)(yao)史(shi)封之(zhi)(zhi)“唐(tang)”，而(er)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)南如東十余里(li)，有(you)一(yi)(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或(huo)望都之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也。縣(xian)(xian)在唐(tang)南”，“稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地，猶(you)十五(wu)里(li)，蓋書誤耳”，酈(li)道元(yuan)作了實地考察，唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與高(gao)昌(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，相(xiang)距(ju)大(da)(da)約十五(wu)華里(li)，所以(yi)皇(huang)甫謐說相(xiang)距(ju)五(wu)十里(li)，大(da)(da)概是(shi)(shi)書寫(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)誤。而(er)《漢(han)書，地理志》說，“堯(yao)(yao)山在南”，而(er)唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)南并沒有(you)這(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)座“堯(yao)(yao)山”，但(dan)“唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)去堯(yao)(yao)山五(wu)里(li)”，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)卻恰恰有(you)這(zhe)么(me)一(yi)(yi)座“堯(yao)(yao)山”，這(zhe)座距(ju)北(bei)(bei)固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五(wu)里(li)的(de)所謂(wei)“堯(yao)(yao)山”，即(ji)是(shi)(shi)位于順(shun)平縣(xian)(xian)境內的(de)“伊祁山”，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)《完縣(xian)(xian)新志》所載(zai)帝堯(yao)(yao)出生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)地，由此可知，堯(yao)(yao)山就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)伊祁山。

位置

再說(shuo)慶都山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的位置。《史(shi)記正義》引“張晏云‘堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)北(bei)，堯母慶都山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)南，相(xiang)(xiang)去五十里(li)(li)(li)(li)，北(bei)登堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，南望(wang)慶都山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)’”。按(an)酈道元《水(shui)經注，滱水(shui)注》云：（唐(tang)(tang)）“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)南如東(dong)十余(yu)(yu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，有一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗謂(wei)之(zhi)高(gao)昌縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或(huo)望(wang)都之(zhi)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)”，而“唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)去堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五里(li)(li)(li)(li)”，又云“此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（高(gao)昌）之(zhi)東(dong)，有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤(gu)峙，世以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不連陵，名(ming)之(zhi)曰孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，孤(gu)、都聲相(xiang)(xiang)近，疑(yi)即所謂(wei)都山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)”，由此(ci)(ci)可知，唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大約距離高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“十余(yu)(yu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)”，而唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)距堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五里(li)(li)(li)(li)，高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)東(dong)即是(shi)(shi)“孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，故“堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”南距“孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”恰好大約十五里(li)(li)(li)(li)左右。所以，酈道元指出，“稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地，猶十五里(li)(li)(li)(li)，蓋書(shu)誤耳(er)”，這雖然是(shi)(shi)指唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的大致(zhi)(zhi)距離，但我們(men)(men)由此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)可知堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)都山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相(xiang)(xiang)距也(ye)應大致(zhi)(zhi)如此(ci)(ci)，而張晏所謂(wei)兩(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“相(xiang)(xiang)去五十里(li)(li)(li)(li)”，皇甫謐說(shuo)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“相(xiang)(xiang)去五十里(li)(li)(li)(li)”，如此(ci)(ci)巧(qiao)合，當(dang)是(shi)(shi)十五里(li)(li)(li)(li)書(shu)寫(xie)之(zhi)誤無疑(yi)。故由此(ci)(ci)可知，所謂(wei)慶都山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，就是(shi)(shi)現在(zai)在(zai)順平縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)通往唐(tang)(tang)縣縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的公(gong)路旁，唐(tang)(tang)縣高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)、望(wang)都郭(guo)村村北(bei)的“孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，當(dang)地人(ren)俗稱“小孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面積0、1平方公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，海拔(ba)111、9米，因(yin)為四周皆是(shi)(shi)平原(yuan)，無山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈相(xiang)(xiang)連，故名(ming)。因(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體結構是(shi)(shi)“麻片巖”，石(shi)質尖(jian)脆(cui)，便于(yu)開(kai)(kai)采，近些年當(dang)地人(ren)過度開(kai)(kai)采石(shi)頭，已經基本快(kuai)炸平了。據本地老人(ren)們(men)(men)說(shuo)，孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上曾經有塔(ta)和(he)廟 , 后因(yin)開(kai)(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)取(qu)石(shi)，今天廟、塔(ta)今已蕩(dang)然無存。