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歷史記載

漢書記載

《漢書·地(di)理志》“望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”下注:“張晏(yan)曰：堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)北(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)南，登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)以為名(ming)(ming)。”；《史記，秦始皇(huang)本紀(ji)》載“以攻龍、孤(gu)、慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”，此文下注《正義》引《括地(di)志》云：“又(you)定州唐(tang)縣(xian)東北(bei)五(wu)十四(si)里(li)(li)有孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。蓋(gai)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也。《帝王紀(ji)》云‘堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)居’。張晏(yan)云‘堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)北(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)南，相去五(wu)十里(li)(li)，北(bei)登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，南望慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也’”。清顧祖禹《讀史方輿紀(ji)要》卷十二：“（唐(tang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)）縣(xian)北(bei)八(ba)里(li)(li)。一名(ming)(ming)唐(tang)巖，亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又(you)縣(xian)東北(bei)十五(wu)里(li)(li)有孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，四(si)面平坦，不(bu)與(yu)他(ta)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相接(jie)。一名(ming)(ming)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)亙(gen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，又(you)謂之(zhi)望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。張晏(yan)曰：都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)南，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)居。堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)其北(bei)。登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)以望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為名(ming)(ming)，即此二山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也。”

水經注記載

酈道(dao)元《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經注》卷十(shi)一滱(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)注云：“應(ying)劭《地(di)理風(feng)俗記(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)：唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)四十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)得(de)中人亭。今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)于此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)取中人鄉，則(ze)(ze)四十(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。唐(tang)(tang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)入(ru)滱(kou)，與(yu)應(ying)符(fu)合，又言堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)，在(zai)(zai)南(nan)則(ze)(ze)無山(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)。闞駰(yin)《十(shi)三州志》曰(yue)(yue)：中山(shan)(shan)(shan)治盧奴(nu)，唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)國北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)七(qi)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)。駰(yin)所說(shuo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)則(ze)(ze)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《史記(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)：帝(di)嚳氏沒(mei)，帝(di)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)氏作，始封于唐(tang)(tang)。望都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)，今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)對盧奴(nu)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，自外無城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。考古知今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，事義全違，俗名(ming)(ming)望都(dou)(dou)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)(ze)八(ba)十(shi)許里(li)(li)(li)，距中山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)(ze)七(qi)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)，驗途推邑(yi)，宜為(wei)(wei)(wei)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)去堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)，與(yu)七(qi)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)相(xiang)符(fu)。然(ran)則(ze)(ze)俗謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，即是(shi)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)望都(dou)(dou)界(jie)。皇(huang)甫謐曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)亦名(ming)(ming)豆山(shan)(shan)(shan)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)如東(dong)，嶄絕孤峙(zhi)，虎牙桀立，山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)有(you)(you)(you)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廟，是(shi)即堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)所登(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《地(di)理志》曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)考此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)，又無山(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)故(gu)(gu)先后論者(zhe)(zhe)，咸以(yi)(yi)《地(di)理記(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)失。又即俗說(shuo)以(yi)(yi)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)望都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，自北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)無城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，假復有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，途程紆(yu)遠，山(shan)(shan)(shan)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)全乖(guai)，古證傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)疏罔。是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)豆山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)足(zu)，有(you)(you)(you)一泉源，東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)流徑豆山(shan)(shan)(shan)下合蘇水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，亂(luan)流轉(zhuan)注東(dong)入(ru)滱(kou)，是(shi)豈唐(tang)(tang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)乎(hu)？所未詳也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又于是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)如東(dong)十(shi)余里(li)(li)(li)，有(you)(you)(you)一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或望都(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)南(nan)，皇(huang)甫謐曰(yue)(yue)：相(xiang)去五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)。稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)，猶十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)，蓋書誤耳。此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)孤峙(zhi)，世(shi)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)不連陵，名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)，孤、都(dou)(dou)聲相(xiang)近(jin)，疑即所謂都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《帝(di)王世(shi)紀》曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)所居，故(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)目(mu)曰(yue)(yue)望都(dou)(dou)。張晏曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)，登(deng)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)(gu)望都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”

猜測

保定唐縣(xian)、完縣(xian)、望(wang)都(dou)(dou)三縣(xian)所謂帝(di)堯(yao)“生域”這一(yi)帶，有堯(yao)山和慶都(dou)(dou)山，分別以堯(yao)和堯(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)的名字命(ming)名；堯(yao)山在北，堯(yao)母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)山在南，北登(deng)堯(yao)山望(wang)見慶都(dou)(dou)山，望(wang)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)由此而得名；堯(yao)山和慶都(dou)(dou)山之間(jian)有一(yi)定距(ju)離。

中國歷史地圖集記載

按：據《中(zhong)國歷史地(di)圖集》載(zai)，春秋時期，境(jing)內(nei)已有左人邑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)（今(jin)周雹(bao)水、北雹(bao)水）、中(zhong)人邑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)（今(jin)都(dou)(dou)(dou)亭）、孤邑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)（今(jin)北高(gao)昌，亦稱慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)），陽邑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)（亦稱唐(tang)(tang)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，今(jin)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)），屬燕(yan)地(di)、中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)地(di)。又據望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)志(zhi)記(ji)載(zai)：慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)原治所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)自西漢至北宋，在(zai)唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、高(gao)昌一(yi)帶(dai)。故酈道元(yuan)《水經(jing)注》對陽邑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)（按即唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）、慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)舊治，考察極(ji)為清晰：今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“南北固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”，就是所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂(wei)帝(di)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)史封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“唐(tang)(tang)”，而“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南如東十(shi)余里(li)，有一(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)昌縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或(huo)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)。縣(xian)在(zai)唐(tang)(tang)南”，“稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)，猶(you)十(shi)五里(li)，蓋書誤耳”，酈道元(yuan)作(zuo)了實地(di)考察，唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，相距大約十(shi)五華里(li)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)皇(huang)甫謐說(shuo)相距五十(shi)里(li)，大概是書寫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誤。而《漢書，地(di)理志(zhi)》說(shuo)，“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)南”，而唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南并沒有這樣一(yi)座“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)”，但(dan)“唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北去堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)五里(li)”，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北卻恰(qia)恰(qia)有這么一(yi)座“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)”，這座距北固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五里(li)的所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂(wei)“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)”，即是位于順(shun)平縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)的“伊(yi)祁山(shan)(shan)”，也(ye)就是《完縣(xian)新志(zhi)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)載(zai)帝(di)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)出(chu)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，由此可知，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)就是伊(yi)祁山(shan)(shan)。

位置

再(zai)說(shuo)慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的位(wei)置。《史記正義》引“張晏云(yun)‘堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在北，堯(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在南，相去五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里，北登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，南望(wang)慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)’”。按酈道元《水(shui)經(jing)注，滱水(shui)注》云(yun)：（唐(tang)(tang)）“城(cheng)(cheng)之南如(ru)(ru)東十(shi)(shi)(shi)余里，有(you)一(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)，俗謂(wei)之高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)，或望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)之故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)”，而(er)“唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)北去堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)里”，又云(yun)“此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)（高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)）之東，有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤(gu)峙，世以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不(bu)連陵，名之曰孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，孤(gu)、都(dou)(dou)(dou)聲(sheng)相近，疑(yi)即所(suo)謂(wei)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)”，由(you)此(ci)可(ke)知，唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)大約(yue)距(ju)離高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)余里”，而(er)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)北距(ju)堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)里，高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)之東即是(shi)“孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，故(gu)“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”南距(ju)“孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”恰好大約(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里左右。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，酈道元指出，“稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)地，猶十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里，蓋書誤耳”，這雖然(ran)是(shi)指唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)和高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)的大致(zhi)距(ju)離，但我們由(you)此(ci)亦可(ke)知堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相距(ju)也(ye)(ye)應大致(zhi)如(ru)(ru)此(ci)，而(er)張晏所(suo)謂(wei)兩山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“相去五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里”，皇甫謐說(shuo)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)和高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)“相去五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里”，如(ru)(ru)此(ci)巧合，當(dang)是(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里書寫之誤無(wu)疑(yi)。故(gu)由(you)此(ci)可(ke)知，所(suo)謂(wei)慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，就是(shi)現在在順平縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)通往唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)的公路旁，唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)東、望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)郭村村北的“孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，當(dang)地人(ren)俗稱“小孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面積0、1平方公里，海拔(ba)111、9米，因為四周皆是(shi)平原，無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)相連，故(gu)名。因山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體結(jie)構是(shi)“麻片巖(yan)”，石(shi)(shi)質尖(jian)脆，便于開采，近些年當(dang)地人(ren)過度開采石(shi)(shi)頭，已經(jing)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)快炸平了。據本(ben)(ben)地老人(ren)們說(shuo)，孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上曾(ceng)經(jing)有(you)塔和廟 , 后因開山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)取石(shi)(shi)，今天廟、塔今已蕩然(ran)無(wu)存。