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歷史記載

漢書記載

《漢書·地(di)理(li)志》“望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)”下注:“張(zhang)晏(yan)曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)，登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)以為(wei)名。”；《史記(ji)，秦(qin)始皇本(ben)紀》載“以攻龍、孤、慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)”，此文下注《正(zheng)義》引《括地(di)志》云：“又(you)定州唐縣東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)五十(shi)四里有孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。蓋都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。《帝(di)王紀》云‘堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)所居’。張(zhang)晏(yan)云‘堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)，相去(qu)五十(shi)里，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，南(nan)望(wang)(wang)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)’”。清顧祖禹《讀史方(fang)輿紀要》卷十(shi)二：“（唐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)）縣北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)八(ba)里。一名唐巖，亦(yi)(yi)名堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又(you)縣東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)十(shi)五里有孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，四面(mian)平坦，不與他山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相接。一名都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，亦(yi)(yi)名亙(gen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，又(you)謂之望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。張(zhang)晏(yan)曰(yue)(yue)：都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)縣南(nan)，堯(yao)(yao)母(mu)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)所居。堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)其北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)以望(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)為(wei)名，即此二山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。”

水經注記載

酈(li)道元《水經注(zhu)》卷十(shi)(shi)一滱水注(zhu)云：“應劭《地(di)(di)理風俗(su)(su)記(ji)(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)：唐(tang)(tang)縣西(xi)四十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)得中人亭。今(jin)于此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)取中人鄉(xiang)，則(ze)四十(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。唐(tang)(tang)水在(zai)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)入滱，與應符合，又言堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)，在(zai)南則(ze)無(wu)山(shan)(shan)以(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)為非也(ye)(ye)。闞駰《十(shi)(shi)三州志》曰(yue)(yue)：中山(shan)(shan)治盧奴，唐(tang)(tang)縣故(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)國北(bei)(bei)(bei)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)。駰所(suo)說(shuo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)則(ze)非也(ye)(ye)。《史記(ji)(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)：帝嚳氏沒，帝堯(yao)(yao)(yao)氏作，始封于唐(tang)(tang)。望(wang)都(dou)縣在(zai)南，今(jin)此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南對盧奴故(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，自外無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)應之(zhi)(zhi)。考(kao)古知今(jin)，事義全違，俗(su)(su)名(ming)(ming)望(wang)都(dou)故(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)許里(li)(li)，距(ju)中山(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)，驗途推邑，宜(yi)為唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)去堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)，與七(qi)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)相符。然(ran)則(ze)俗(su)(su)謂之(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)，即是堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)，在(zai)唐(tang)(tang)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)望(wang)都(dou)界。皇甫謐曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)亦名(ming)(ming)豆山(shan)(shan)。今(jin)山(shan)(shan)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)如東(dong)，嶄絕(jue)孤峙(zhi)，虎牙(ya)桀立，山(shan)(shan)南有堯(yao)(yao)(yao)廟(miao)，是即堯(yao)(yao)(yao)所(suo)登之(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。《地(di)(di)理志》曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)南。今(jin)考(kao)此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)南，又無(wu)山(shan)(shan)以(yi)應之(zhi)(zhi)，是故(gu)(gu)(gu)先后論者(zhe)(zhe)，咸以(yi)《地(di)(di)理記(ji)(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)為失。又即俗(su)(su)說(shuo)以(yi)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為望(wang)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，自北(bei)(bei)(bei)無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)，假復有之(zhi)(zhi)，途程紆遠，山(shan)(shan)河(he)之(zhi)(zhi)狀全乖，古證傳為疏罔。是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)豆山(shan)(shan)西(xi)足，有一泉源，東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)流徑豆山(shan)(shan)下(xia)合蘇水，亂流轉注(zhu)東(dong)入滱，是豈(qi)唐(tang)(tang)水乎？所(suo)未詳(xiang)也(ye)(ye)。又于是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)南如東(dong)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)里(li)(li)，有一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗(su)(su)謂之(zhi)(zhi)高昌縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或望(wang)都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。縣在(zai)唐(tang)(tang)南，皇甫謐曰(yue)(yue)：相去五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。稽諸(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)，猶十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)，蓋書(shu)誤耳。此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，有山(shan)(shan)孤峙(zhi)，世以(yi)山(shan)(shan)不連陵，名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)孤山(shan)(shan)，孤、都(dou)聲相近，疑(yi)即所(suo)謂都(dou)山(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。《帝王世紀》曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)所(suo)居，故(gu)(gu)(gu)縣目曰(yue)(yue)望(wang)都(dou)。張(zhang)晏(yan)曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)南，登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)見都(dou)山(shan)(shan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)望(wang)都(dou)縣以(yi)為名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。”

猜測

保定唐縣(xian)、完縣(xian)、望都三縣(xian)所(suo)謂帝堯(yao)(yao)“生域”這一(yi)帶，有堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)和慶都山(shan)(shan)，分別(bie)以堯(yao)(yao)和堯(yao)(yao)母慶都的名字命名；堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)在北，堯(yao)(yao)母慶都山(shan)(shan)在南(nan)，北登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)望見慶都山(shan)(shan)，望都縣(xian)由(you)此而得名；堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)和慶都山(shan)(shan)之間(jian)有一(yi)定距(ju)離。

中國歷史地圖集記載

按(an)：據《中國歷史(shi)地(di)(di)圖集》載(zai)，春秋時期，境內(nei)(nei)已有(you)左人邑（今(jin)(jin)周雹水、北(bei)(bei)(bei)雹水）、中人邑（今(jin)(jin)都(dou)亭）、孤邑（今(jin)(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高(gao)昌，亦稱(cheng)慶(qing)都(dou)邑），陽(yang)邑（亦稱(cheng)唐(tang)(tang)邑，今(jin)(jin)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)），屬(shu)燕(yan)地(di)(di)、中山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)。又據望都(dou)縣志記(ji)載(zai)：慶(qing)都(dou)縣原治所(suo)自西漢至(zhi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋，在唐(tang)(tang)縣固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、高(gao)昌一(yi)帶(dai)。故(gu)酈道元(yuan)(yuan)《水經注》對陽(yang)邑（按(an)即唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）、慶(qing)都(dou)縣舊治，考察(cha)極為(wei)清晰：今(jin)(jin)之“南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)謂帝(di)堯(yao)(yao)史(shi)封之“唐(tang)(tang)”，而(er)(er)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之南(nan)如東十余里(li)(li)(li)(li)，有(you)一(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗謂之高(gao)昌縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或望都(dou)之故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也。縣在唐(tang)(tang)南(nan)”，“稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)，猶(you)十五里(li)(li)(li)(li)，蓋(gai)書(shu)誤(wu)耳(er)”，酈道元(yuan)(yuan)作了實地(di)(di)考察(cha)，唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之間，相距(ju)(ju)大約十五華里(li)(li)(li)(li)，所(suo)以皇甫謐說相距(ju)(ju)五十里(li)(li)(li)(li)，大概是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)書(shu)寫之誤(wu)。而(er)(er)《漢書(shu)，地(di)(di)理志》說，“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在南(nan)”，而(er)(er)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之南(nan)并沒有(you)這(zhe)樣一(yi)座(zuo)“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”，但“唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)去堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)五里(li)(li)(li)(li)”，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)卻(que)恰(qia)恰(qia)有(you)這(zhe)么(me)一(yi)座(zuo)“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”，這(zhe)座(zuo)距(ju)(ju)北(bei)(bei)(bei)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五里(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)所(suo)謂“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”，即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)位于順平縣境內(nei)(nei)的(de)“伊(yi)祁山(shan)(shan)(shan)”，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《完(wan)縣新志》所(suo)載(zai)帝(di)堯(yao)(yao)出(chu)生之地(di)(di)，由(you)此(ci)可知，堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伊(yi)祁山(shan)(shan)(shan)。

位置

再說(shuo)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)位置。《史記正義(yi)》引“張晏(yan)云(yun)(yun)‘堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)北，堯母(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)南，相(xiang)去(qu)五十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)，北登堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，南望慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也’”。按酈(li)道(dao)元(yuan)《水經注，滱水注》云(yun)(yun)：（唐(tang)(tang)）“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)南如東(dong)(dong)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)里(li)(li)(li)，有(you)一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗謂(wei)之(zhi)高(gao)昌縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也”，而“唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北去(qu)堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五里(li)(li)(li)”，又云(yun)(yun)“此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（高(gao)昌）之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)，有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤(gu)峙，世以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不連(lian)陵，名之(zhi)曰孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，孤(gu)、都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)聲相(xiang)近，疑(yi)即(ji)(ji)所(suo)謂(wei)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也”，由(you)此可知(zhi)，唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大約距(ju)離(li)高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“十(shi)(shi)余(yu)里(li)(li)(li)”，而唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北距(ju)堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五里(li)(li)(li)，高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)“孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，故“堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”南距(ju)“孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”恰好大約十(shi)(shi)五里(li)(li)(li)左右(you)。所(suo)以，酈(li)道(dao)元(yuan)指(zhi)出，“稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地，猶十(shi)(shi)五里(li)(li)(li)，蓋(gai)書誤耳”，這(zhe)雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)是(shi)指(zhi)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)大致距(ju)離(li)，但我們由(you)此亦可知(zhi)堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相(xiang)距(ju)也應大致如此，而張晏(yan)所(suo)謂(wei)兩山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“相(xiang)去(qu)五十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)”，皇甫謐說(shuo)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“相(xiang)去(qu)五十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)”，如此巧(qiao)合，當是(shi)十(shi)(shi)五里(li)(li)(li)書寫之(zhi)誤無(wu)疑(yi)。故由(you)此可知(zhi)，所(suo)謂(wei)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，就是(shi)現(xian)在(zai)在(zai)順平縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)通往唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)公(gong)路旁，唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)、望都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)郭村村北的(de)“孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，當地人(ren)(ren)俗稱(cheng)“小(xiao)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面積(ji)0、1平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，海拔111、9米(mi)，因為四周(zhou)皆(jie)是(shi)平原，無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈相(xiang)連(lian)，故名。因山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)結(jie)構是(shi)“麻片巖(yan)”，石質尖脆，便(bian)于開(kai)(kai)采，近些年當地人(ren)(ren)過度開(kai)(kai)采石頭，已經基本快炸平了(le)。據本地老人(ren)(ren)們說(shuo)，孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)曾(ceng)經有(you)塔(ta)和廟 , 后因開(kai)(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)取石，今(jin)天廟、塔(ta)今(jin)已蕩(dang)然(ran)(ran)無(wu)存。