1、山東大鼓(梨花大鼓),編號:Ⅴ-4
(1)批次/類型:2008年(第二批),擴展項目
(2)申報地區或單位:河北省雞澤縣
(3)保護單位:雞澤縣文化館
2、山東大鼓(梨花大鼓),編號:Ⅴ-4
(1)批次/類型:2008年(第二批),擴展項目
(2)申報地區或單位:河北省威縣
(3)保護單位:威縣文化館(威縣美術館)
3、山東大鼓(山東省),編號:Ⅴ-4
(1)批次/類型:2006年(第一批),新增項目
(2)申報地區或單位:山東省
(3)保護單位:山東省藝術研究院
據(ju)藝(yi)人(ren)師(shi)承譜(pu)系(xi)和口碑傳說,山東大(da)(da)鼓(gu)由漁(yu)鼓(gu)道情的孫趙門衍化(hua)而來。已知清(qing)嘉慶年間,孫趙門山東大(da)(da)鼓(gu)河(he)(he)北籍藝(yi)人(ren)有五位(wei)姓名中均帶"山"字,即(ji)威縣(xian)王(wang)奎山、臨(lin)(lin)西(xi)呂連山和李(li)明(ming)山、清(qing)河(he)(he)徐靠山和臨(lin)(lin)城馮云山,時稱(cheng)"五大(da)(da)山"。自清(qing)嘉慶至民國二十六年(1937),山東大(da)(da)鼓(gu)在冀(ji)魯(lu)兩省南(nan)起聊城、臨(lin)(lin)清(qing),北至德州、滄州的大(da)(da)運河(he)(he)兩岸十分興盛,并(bing)形(xing)成三個支(zhi)派。
一支是以故城(cheng)縣為(wei)基點的"老北(bei)口"派,向北(bei)傳至滄(cang)州地區吳橋、東(dong)光、南皮(pi)等縣。其代表人(ren)物(wu)是何老鳳(feng)及其傳人(ren)董天(tian)佐(zuo)、桑(sang)天(tian)佑、劉天(tian)秀、魯泰(tai)昌、王(wang)(wang)泰(tai)恒、孫泰(tai)秋(qiu)、張泰(tai)泉、傅(fu)泰(tai)臣(chen)、劉泰(tai)清、周泰(tai)喜、王(wang)(wang)福貞等。"老北(bei)口"派的書目多為(wei)中篇,主(zhu)要有(you)(you)《瓦崗寨》、《呼家將》、《包公案(an)(an)》、《劉公案(an)(an)》等。短(duan)篇以三國段居多,如(ru)(ru)《草船借箭(jian)》、《華(hua)容道(dao)》、《單刀會(hui)》等,還有(you)(you)本曲種特有(you)(you)的小段如(ru)(ru)《小黑驢》、《一窩黑》等。
第(di)二(er)支(zhi)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)宮(gong)縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)點的(de)(de)(de)"小(xiao)(xiao)北(bei)口(kou)"派(pai)(pai),代(dai)(dai)(dai)表人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物是(shi)(shi)張(zhang)風(feng)梧、宋四(si)莫(mo)。在(zai)"小(xiao)(xiao)北(bei)口(kou)"這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個支(zhi)派(pai)(pai)里,又(you)有三(san)支(zhi):其一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)流行(xing)在(zai)衡(heng)水、棗(zao)強、景縣(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi),當地(di)(di)(di)(di)稱之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)"怯(qie)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)"、"鐵(tie)片大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)"、"鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)碰弦"。藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)"莫(mo)、振(zhen)(zhen)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)、田"譜系傳(chuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai),據衡(heng)水市(shi)北(bei)田村木板大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)(li)(li)田奎講(jiang),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)師祖是(shi)(shi)宋四(si)莫(mo),宋收徒(tu)(tu)李(li)(li)(li)振(zhen)(zhen)邦、李(li)(li)(li)振(zhen)(zhen)起(qi)、劉振(zhen)(zhen)湖(hu)、閻振(zhen)(zhen)莊(zhuang)等(deng),后來這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)改(gai)唱木板大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu);其二(er)是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)至交(jiao)河(he)、河(he)間(jian)、肅寧、獻(xian)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個小(xiao)(xiao)分支(zhi),在(zai)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)稱為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東調兒,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東柳兒。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)支(zhi)是(shi)(shi)張(zhang)風(feng)梧、宋四(si)莫(mo)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),交(jiao)河(he)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)李(li)(li)(li)振(zhen)(zhen)邦在(zai)成(cheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)后,自立門(men)戶,以(yi)(yi)"振(zhen)(zhen)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、進(jin)(金(jin)(jin)(jin))、相(xiang)、永、祥(xiang)(xiang)、和(he)(he)、智、瑞、升"排(pai)(pai)序傳(chuan)衍出來的(de)(de)(de)。二(er)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀三(san)十(shi)(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai),在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)支(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批出類拔(ba)萃的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)獻(xian)縣(xian)楊進(jin)楨、肅寧石進(jin)奎名(ming)(ming)(ming)望最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)支(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)行(xing)藝(yi)(yi)范圍(wei)廣(guang),除冀(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農村外(wai),還進(jin)入京(jing)、津(jin)、保定(ding)等(deng)大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)市(shi),以(yi)(yi)及(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東、北(bei)京(jing)、內蒙、東三(san)省的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分城(cheng)鄉。著名(ming)(ming)(ming)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)還有楊俊杰(jie)、櫪俊祥(xiang)(xiang)、王(wang)祥(xiang)(xiang)林、任相(xiang)臣、申(shen)相(xiang)琴、沈相(xiang)廷、王(wang)艷永、王(wang)風(feng)永、齊鶴鳴等(deng)。在(zai)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)上(shang),不僅(jin)兼(jian)有"小(xiao)(xiao)北(bei)口(kou)"支(zhi)派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)特色和(he)(he)傳(chuan)統,還有所(suo)(suo)(suo)創(chuang)新(xin),吸收了(le)西河(he)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)巧、俏的(de)(de)(de)唱法,突破了(le)死口(kou)實(shi)詞的(de)(de)(de)說唱形式,唱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)白(bai)、白(bai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)唱,自由隨意。代(dai)(dai)(dai)表書(shu)目(mu)(mu)有《黃愛玉(yu)(yu)上(shang)墳》、《秦(qin)瓊賣(mai)馬》、《少(shao)英烈》等(deng);其三(san)是(shi)(shi)"小(xiao)(xiao)北(bei)口(kou)"派(pai)(pai)傳(chuan)至石家(jia)莊(zhuang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)趙縣(xian)、束鹿一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶后形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi),當地(di)(di)(di)(di)稱之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)調、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東柳、鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)碰弦等(deng),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)支(zhi)派(pai)(pai)是(shi)(shi)張(zhang)鳳(feng)(feng)梧的(de)(de)(de)門(men)徒(tu)(tu)南(nan)(nan)宮(gong)楊老孔(kong)、寧晉蘇玉(yu)(yu)堂(二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)未排(pai)(pai)字)所(suo)(suo)(suo)傳(chuan),該支(zhi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱曲(qu)調和(he)(he)書(shu)目(mu)(mu)與(yu)張(zhang)鳳(feng)(feng)梧所(suo)(suo)(suo)傳(chuan)無大(da)(da)(da)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)別。曾于(yu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀三(san)十(shi)(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)盛(sheng)行(xing)冀(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)西部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu).抗日戰(zhan)爭爆(bao)發(fa)后,逐(zhu)漸(jian)衰落,幾(ji)成(cheng)絕(jue)唱.二(er)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀七十(shi)(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)末,石家(jia)莊(zhuang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)文化部(bu)(bu)門(men)對當時稱做(zuo)梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)調的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)支(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)大(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)挖掘搶救,搜集整(zheng)理了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些文字和(he)(he)音樂資料(liao).但表演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后繼乏(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren) [1] 。第(di)三(san)支(zhi)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)邢臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)威(wei)縣(xian)、新(xin)河(he)為(wei)(wei)主要活動地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)"南(nan)(nan)口(kou)"派(pai)(pai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),該支(zhi)以(yi)(yi)"梨(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)"之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)被叫得最(zui)響(xiang)(xiang),叉稱犁鏵片、倒扒口(kou)。流行(xing)于(yu)邢臺、邯(han)鄲大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。是(shi)(shi)"五(wu)大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)"中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)徐靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、李(li)(li)(li)明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)及(ji)其門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)。徐靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、李(li)(li)(li)明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)均成(cheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)嘉(jia)慶二(er)十(shi)(shi)年(1815)前后。徐靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)康興(xing)(xing)重(zhong)、張(zhang)興(xing)(xing)本、張(zhang)興(xing)(xing)隆、張(zhang)興(xing)(xing)立、孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)春(chun)瑜(yu)、吳春(chun)華(hua)、潘(pan)春(chun)聚等(deng),都是(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)末民初名(ming)(ming)(ming)噪冀(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)梨(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)春(chun)瑜(yu)之(zhi)徒(tu)(tu)李(li)(li)(li)利(li)(li)杰(jie)、韓利(li)(li)來、吳利(li)(li)祥(xiang)(xiang)、趙利(li)(li)俊、楊利(li)(li)忠、陳利(li)(li)江(jiang)均為(wei)(wei)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)員,尤以(yi)(yi)陳利(li)(li)江(jiang)名(ming)(ming)(ming)聲最(zui)大(da)(da)(da),水平最(zui)高,在(zai)冀(ji)(ji)(ji)東南(nan)(nan)、魯西北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),被譽為(wei)(wei)"第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說書(shu)響(xiang)(xiang)將",紅極一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時。二(er)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀三(san)十(shi)(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai),李(li)(li)(li)明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)"金(jin)(jin)(jin)"字輩名(ming)(ming)(ming)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(女(nv))、孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)蘭(女(nv))、劉金(jin)(jin)(jin)榜、郭老彬、趙桂(gui)(gui)存、張(zhang)廣(guang)興(xing)(xing)等(deng)。除上(shang)述藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)外(wai),程長會(hui)、李(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)春(chun)、張(zhang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)斗、劉成(cheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。也是(shi)(shi)有名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)梨(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。"南(nan)(nan)口(kou)"派(pai)(pai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出書(shu)目(mu)(mu),短篇(pian)(pian)有《薦諸葛》、《古城(cheng)會(hui)》、《讓成(cheng)都》等(deng)"三(san)國段",和(he)(he)《寶玉(yu)(yu)探病(bing)》、《下西廂》、《丁香割肉(rou)》、《雪(xue)梅(mei)吊(diao)孝(xiao)》、《小(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)驢(lv)》、《小(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)牛》等(deng)共百余(yu)篇(pian)(pian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)篇(pian)(pian)書(shu)目(mu)(mu)有《李(li)(li)(li)天保吊(diao)孝(xiao)》、《大(da)(da)(da)宋金(jin)(jin)(jin)球》、《海公案》、《五(wu)女(nv)興(xing)(xing)唐(tang)》、《響(xiang)(xiang)馬傳(chuan)》、《絲絨(rong)計》等(deng)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)部(bu)(bu),二(er)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀四(si)十(shi)(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)后,梨(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)衰落,許多(duo)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)改(gai)唱河(he)南(nan)(nan)墜(zhui)子和(he)(he)木板大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和(he)(he)國成(cheng)立后,在(zai)冀(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),專唱梨(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)僅(jin)有孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)蘭姐妹二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。1958年河(he)北(bei)省首屆曲(qu)藝(yi)(yi)會(hui)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時,孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、趙桂(gui)(gui)存演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱的(de)(de)(de)梨(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)均獲演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)員二(er)等(deng)獎(jiang)。1979年孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱的(de)(de)(de)梨(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《廣(guang)場思(si)親》在(zai)河(he)北(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民廣(guang)播電臺錄音播放。二(er)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀八十(shi)(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)初,威(wei)縣(xian)、廣(guang)宗縣(xian)和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東寧津(jin)縣(xian)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)均邀(yao)請(qing)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉辦過梨(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)講(jiang)習(xi)班,培(pei)養(yang)新(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),但收效甚(shen)微,至二(er)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀八十(shi)(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)去世(shi)后,梨(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)冀(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)幾(ji)成(cheng)絕(jue)響(xiang)(xiang)。
山(shan)東大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)形式多為單人站唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),也(ye)有(you)二人對唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)形式。主要伴(ban)奏樂(le)器為矮(ai)腳小鼓(gu)、大(da)(da)(da)三(san)弦和月牙(ya)板(ban)(ban)(也(ye)叫梨花(hua)片)。演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)時演(yan)(yan)員(yuan)右手執(zhi)鼓(gu)楗擊鼓(gu),左手操鋼板(ban)(ban)敲擊演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),樂(le)師以三(san)弦伴(ban)奏。唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)屬板(ban)(ban)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti),一(yi)般分慢板(ban)(ban)(又稱頭板(ban)(ban))、二板(ban)(ban)(流水板(ban)(ban))、三(san)板(ban)(ban)、快板(ban)(ban)等(deng)板(ban)(ban)式。其(qi)(qi)書目主要是中篇(pian),唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)自(zi)相間,短段只唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)不說(shuo)。三(san)個(ge)支派的(de)(de)(de)(de)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與書目又各具不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點與風(feng)格。"老北口(kou)"派唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)粗獷、豪放(fang),其(qi)(qi)開頭腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)是用頭板(ban)(ban)或類似頭板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二板(ban)(ban)起(qi)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),速(su)度慢,尾(wei)音(yin)長,板(ban)(ban)起(qi)板(ban)(ban)落,咬(yao)字狠,吐字真,落音(yin)重,字密聲(sheng)促,善(shan)用頓音(yin),其(qi)(qi)旋律似說(shuo)似唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)自(zi)然流暢。故有(you)"老牛(niu)大(da)(da)(da)摔韁(jiang)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)俗稱;"小北口(kou)"派的(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)風(feng)格,溶入借鑒了一(yi)些西河大(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技法,較之"老北口(kou)"顯(xian)得巧(qiao)俏,委婉細(xi)膩(ni),善(shan)說(shuo)演(yan)(yan)"文書",唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中加敘;"南(nan)口(kou)"派的(de)(de)(de)(de)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)婉轉悠揚,曲(qu)調(diao)華麗(li)細(xi)膩(ni),字少腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)繁(fan),節奏舒緩。除板(ban)(ban)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外,"南(nan)口(kou)"派還有(you)一(yi)些曲(qu)牌(pai)體(ti)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),叫牌(pai)子腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),分快慢兩種,只在特(te)殊唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)段如(ru)《小黑(hei)驢》、《小黑(hei)牛(niu)》、《王二姐思夫》中使(shi)用。
山東(dong)大鼓傳統(tong)節(jie)目(mu)繁多(duo),已(yi)知有(you)中篇《三全鎮》、《金鎖鎮》、《大破孟(meng)州》、《大送嫁》、《范孟(meng)亭推車(che)》等(deng)數十部;短(duan)篇段(duan)兒書尤(you)為豐(feng)富(fu),以《三國(guo)》題材的唱(chang)(chang)段(duan)最多(duo),有(you)《東(dong)嶺關(guan)》、《長坂坡》、《河北尋兄》等(deng)六十余段(duan);其(qi)次是《紅樓夢》題材的唱(chang)(chang)段(duan),有(you)《黛玉葬花》、《寶玉探病》等(deng)十余段(duan);《水(shui)滸》唱(chang)(chang)段(duan)有(you)《李逵奪魚》、《燕青打擂(lei)》等(deng)。另外還有(you)一些(xie)根據戲曲故事、民間(jian)傳說故事編寫的唱(chang)(chang)段(duan),以及(ji)由子弟書移植(zhi)過來的唱(chang)(chang)段(duan)等(deng),共計二百余段(duan)。
山東(dong)大(da)鼓(gu)歷史悠(you)久(jiu),音樂(le)唱腔獨特(te),節目蘊藏豐(feng)富(fu),地方色彩濃郁(yu),它直接(jie)促發(fa)了山東(dong)快書的(de)形(xing)成,并對"喬派"河南墜(zhui)子和西河大(da)鼓(gu)等的(de)形(xing)成與發(fa)展(zhan)產生過重大(da)影響,具有很高的(de)歷史文(wen)化價(jia)值(zhi)。20世紀后(hou)期以來,山東(dong)大(da)鼓(gu)逐(zhu)漸趨于衰落,現(xian)在(zai)僅(jin)有少數演(yan)員還能演(yan)出(chu),亟待扶持保護。