發展歷史
武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)又(you)名(ming)北湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、黃(huang)漢(han)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。在長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)北岸，跨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北省武(wu)(wu)(wu)漢(han)市的(de)(de)黃(huang)陂區武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)街道，歷史上(shang)的(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)，煙波(bo)浩(hao)渺，南(nan)通(tong)(tong)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)，北連灄水(shui)，是演練(lian)(lian)水(shui)軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)理想之(zhi)所。早在2000年(nian)前，武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)便以“武(wu)(wu)(wu)”出名(ming)。據《廣輿》記載：東(dong)漢(han)江(jiang)夏(xia)太(tai)守黃(huang)祖常率領水(shui)軍(jun)(jun)到湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中操練(lian)(lian)，并將(jiang)其坐騎拴在附近的(de)(de)辛店馬場(chang)廟，而被湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)浸濕的(de)(de)鎧甲(jia)，則(ze)晾(liang)曬(shai)在湖(hu)(hu)(hu)心島的(de)(de)山(shan)坡(po)上(shang)。后來(lai)晾(liang)甲(jia)的(de)(de)小山(shan)坡(po)名(ming)為(wei)晾(liang)甲(jia)山(shan)，黃(huang)漢(han)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)則(ze)更名(ming)為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。因(yin)這里是水(shui)陸通(tong)(tong)達長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)的(de)(de)五(wu)通(tong)(tong)口岸，軍(jun)(jun)事要沖，土(tu)地又(you)肥(fei)美，歷來(lai)成為(wei)兵家必爭之(zhi)地。東(dong)漢(han)末(mo)年(nian)，名(ming)將(jiang)黃(huang)祖在此湖(hu)(hu)(hu)練(lian)(lian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)、練(lian)(lian)兵，命名(ming)武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。此后，三國名(ming)將(jiang)文(wen)聘、孫(sun)權、孫(sun)壹，東(dong)晉朱伺，南(nan)朝(chao)梁武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝，宋(song)朝(chao)管如德，元(yuan)朝(chao)伯顏(yan)，元(yuan)末(mo)天(tian)完政(zheng)權倪文(wen)俊、明朝(chao)開國將(jiang)領、濟陽郡公(gong)丁普郎、民國胡龍驤等人都曾在此湖(hu)(hu)(hu)畔練(lian)(lian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)。
武湖規模
河流堰塞湖。水位21.00m，長8.8km，最(zui)大寬(kuan)5.3km，平(ping)均寬(kuan)2.4km；歷史最(zui)大面(mian)積(ji)237.0平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)，50年(nian)代初為(wei)121.2平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)，60年(nian)代后(hou)期減為(wei)55.2平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)，經多(duo)次圍墾后(hou)現有(you)面(mian)積(ji)21.2平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)；最(zui)大水深(shen)4.2m，平(ping)均水深(shen)2.6m，蓄水量0.55億立方(fang)米。
湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北省武漢市黃陂區(qu)武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)，因(yin)“武”得名(ming)，因(yin)“文”添彩，因(yin)“綠”增輝。黃陂南(nan)部武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)生態(tai)農(nong)業園區(qu)涉及我區(qu)近100平方(fang)公里。武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)耕年(nian)華生態(tai)農(nong)業園，經過(guo)幾年(nian)建設，已(yi)經形(xing)成(cheng)了全國知(zhi)名(ming)、全省樣(yang)板的(de)種類結合科技農(nong)業示范(fan)園區(qu)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)占(zhan)地面積現已(yi)突破5萬畝。以武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、后湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、木蘭(lan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、梅竹松湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等為依托，發展以觀(guan)光(guang)漁業、觀(guan)光(guang)水禽為主要特色(se)的(de)水上生態(tai)觀(guan)光(guang)農(nong)業。
武湖水鄉
武湖水鄉位于(yu)武湖街中部，緊鄰泵站河，在漢施公路以(yi)北(bei)、三里橋街道以(yi)南，，項目計劃(hua)集并(bing)張(zhang)灣(wan)(wan)、王新泗、周灣(wan)(wan)、蔡家咀、扇子湖等5個自然灣(wan)(wan)，面積1927畝。該(gai)項目依托水資源(yuan)營造花(hua)田濕地(di)、夢幻水鄉特色，注入農墾文化，打造以(yi)觀光(guang)旅(lv)游(you)、農業(ye)體驗、養(yang)生度假和商務(wu)休閑為主導的主題旅(lv)游(you)服(fu)務(wu)體系(xi)。
“武(wu)湖(hu)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)漲”為(wei)黃陂十景之(zhi)一(yi)，傳說昔(xi)日武(wu)湖(hu)以奇特的自(zi)然景觀著稱。每逢清晨，水氣(qi)升騰(teng)，濃霧繚繞(rao)，形成“水漲船頭曉霧橫(heng)，拍波(bo)(bo)(bo)鴻鶩弄春晴(qing)”的壯(zhuang)麗(li)景觀。迨至(zhi)夕(xi)照(zhao)銜山，又是“最(zui)愛晚(wan)霞剛幾點，晴(qing)光萬里霎時橫(heng)”之(zhi)滿湖(hu)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)罩殘霞的景色。唐朝崔顥(hao)詠(yong)黃鶴(he)樓詩中“煙(yan)(yan)(yan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)江(jiang)上(shang)”之(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)即是描寫此景。規劃在張灣村(cun)內建設煙(yan)(yan)(yan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)花園，利用科技手段再現煙(yan)(yan)(yan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)景。
武(wu)湖自然保護區(qu)屬于亞熱帶(dai)濕(shi)(shi)潤季風氣候區(qu)，冬(dong)冷夏熱,四季分明，光照充(chong)足，氣候溫(wen)濕(shi)(shi)，雨量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei)，無(wu)霜期長(chang)。區(qu)內年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)16.7度，年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降雨量(liang)1240毫米，是湖北省多(duo)雨區(qu)之一(yi)，年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)日數138.2天(tian)(tian)，暴雨日數為(wei)(wei)6.5天(tian)(tian)，無(wu)霜期267天(tian)(tian)。夏秋季為(wei)(wei)豐水(shui)期，汛期來水(shui)量(liang)多(duo)達2.3億立方米，冬(dong)春季為(wei)(wei)枯水(shui)期，水(shui)深2米，形成灘涂、沼澤，與人工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)相連的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統，為(wei)(wei)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)水(shui)禽提供優良(liang)的(de)避風場(chang)所，使這里成為(wei)(wei)鳥類的(de)天(tian)(tian)堂。
武(wu)湖地(di)區人為(wei)活(huo)動(dong)少(shao)，無(wu)污染，水(shui)質(zhi)優(you)良。根據1999年國家對(dui)地(di)表水(shui)環(huan)境質(zhi)量檢測標準(zhun)，檢測武(wu)湖水(shui)質(zhi)無(wu)論是PH值、硫酸(suan)鹽、硝酸(suan)鹽、亞硝酸(suan)鹽、氧化(hua)物、溶(rong)解(jie)性鐵、溶(rong)解(jie)氧，還是化(hua)學需氧量和生(sheng)化(hua)需氧量都達(da)到了國家地(di)表水(shui)二級以上(shang)水(shui)質(zhi)標準(zhun)。水(shui)環(huan)境的(de)物理(li)和化(hua)學性質(zhi)真實地(di)反映了武(wu)湖具有水(shui)草茂盛，湖水(shui)清澈(che)，人為(wei)活(huo)動(dong)干擾極(ji)(ji)小的(de)特(te)點，是一(yi)個結(jie)構合(he)理(li)、功能齊全的(de)優(you)良淡水(shui)湖泊(bo)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)。保(bao)護區及周邊生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境保(bao)持著自然(ran)或(huo)半自然(ran)狀態(tai)(tai)，為(wei)水(shui)生(sheng)動(dong)植物提供(gong)了極(ji)(ji)佳(jia)的(de)棲育場所(suo)。
生物資源
武(wu)湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)自(zi)然保(bao)護區野生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)，武(wu)湖(hu)(hu)地(di)區共有(you)兩棲類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，哺乳類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)103種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，維管束(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)476種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國家(jia)二級重(zhong)點保(bao)護的(de)野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)粗梗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蕨種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群規模極大，豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)的(de)自(zi)然資源(yuan)及(ji)得天獨厚(hou)的(de)濕地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統具有(you)極高的(de)保(bao)護價值。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)類(lei)(lei)：計有(you)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)90種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)鯉(li)科49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)以“武(wu)湖(hu)(hu)銀(yin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)”久(jiu)享盛譽，是(shi)(shi)省內重(zhong)要(yao)漁業基地(di)之一。武(wu)湖(hu)(hu)不僅是(shi)(shi)長江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)天堂，也是(shi)(shi)特有(you)的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)故鄉(xiang)。分布(bu)有(you)短頜(he)鱭(ji)、長江銀(yin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、河北圓口鲴、擬尖頭(tou)鲌、團(tuan)頭(tou)魴、武(wu)昌(chang)副沙(sha)鰍、紫薄鰍、似刺鳊鮈(ju)(ju)、亮銀(yin)鮈(ju)(ju)、光唇蛇(she)鮈(ju)(ju)、細體擬鲿(chang)、黑尾魚(yu)(yu)(yu)央等(deng)長江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)特有(you)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)，還(huan)有(you)日本鰻鱺、鳤、鳡(gan)等(deng)珍貴洄游(you)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)。這里(li)植(zhi)被類(lei)(lei)型(xing)多，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)植(zhi)被生(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)屬挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、沉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、浮(fu)葉(xie)型(xing)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、漂浮(fu)型(xing)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，群落(luo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)9個，群落(luo)中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為菰(gu)、苦(ku)草(cao)、黑藻、菱(ling)、聚(ju)草(cao)和(he)(he)馬來眼(yan)子菜。真正是(shi)(shi)“湖(hu)(hu)汊交(jiao)錯魚(yu)(yu)(yu)遨游(you)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清草(cao)美鳥(niao)翔集”,“彩霞與白鷺(lu)齊飛，碧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)共藍天一色”。透過濕地(di)這一幅幅人與自(zi)然和(he)(he)睦相(xiang)處的(de)畫面。
水生植物
水生植(zhi)物(wu)60年代前有(you)80多種，至80年代降(jiang)至51種，常見種有(you)金魚藻(zao)、菱、芡、菰、馬來眼子菜、苦草(cao)、黑藻(zao)等，平均(jun)生物(wu)量3 800g/平方米，生物(wu)現存量62 900~73 983t
浮游植物
見有浮游(you)藻(zao)類27科(ke)(ke)(ke)42屬，其(qi)中硅藻(zao)門(men)9科(ke)(ke)(ke)13屬，綠藻(zao)門(men)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)11屬，藍藻(zao)門(men)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)7屬，其(qi)余各門(men)藻(zao)類7科(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬，年均數量(liang)89.3×104ind./L，生物量(liang)0.38mg/L
浮游動物
浮游動物(wu)32屬，年均數(shu)量709ind./L，生物(wu)量1.7mg/L
底棲生物
底棲(qi)動物24種(zhong)，其中軟體動物17種(zhong)，節肢動物5種(zhong)，環節動物2種(zhong)，平均數量250.5ind./平方(fang)米，生物量71.9g/平方(fang)米
生態環境
湖(hu)(hu)區屬北亞熱帶(dai)季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候，年(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)16.3℃，1月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3.2℃，極端最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-12.9℃，7月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)28.6℃，極端最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)39.6℃。多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)無霜期(qi)258d，降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量1 171mm，蒸發量1 586mm。年(nian)均(jun)風(feng)速(su)2.0~3.0m/s。湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)依賴北岸10余條(tiao)區間溪(xi)流和湖(hu)(hu)面(mian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)補(bu)給(gei)，集水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)562.0平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里，補(bu)給(gei)系數(shu)26.5。出流經雙河口于陽邏附近排入長江。年(nian)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)18.7℃，1月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4℃左(zuo)右，7月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)32℃。湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)黃綠色，透明度1.5m，pH值8.1，總硬度10.7德國度，礦化度169.5 mg/L。陰離子以HCO3-為主，含量103.7mg/L；陽離子以Ca2+居首位，含量22.9mg/L，屬重(zhong)碳酸(suan)鹽類鈣組Ⅰ型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。DO8.1mg/L，COD5.33mg/L，NO3--N0.08mg/L，SiO21.02 mg/L，TN1.08mg/L，TP0.11mg/L。
歲月靜好 
