歷史淵源
說法一
宮保雞丁
由清朝山東巡撫、四川總(zong)督丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶楨(zhen)所(suo)創,他(ta)對烹(peng)飪(ren)頗(po)有(you)研究(jiu),喜(xi)歡吃雞和花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)米,并尤其喜(xi)好辣(la)味(wei)(wei)。他(ta)在山東為(wei)官(guan)時曾(ceng)命家(jia)廚改(gai)良(liang)魯(lu)菜(cai)“醬爆雞丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”為(wei)辣(la)炒,后(hou)(hou)來(lai)在四川總(zong)督任(ren)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)將此(ci)菜(cai)推廣開來(lai),創制了(le)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)將雞丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)、紅辣(la)椒、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)米下鍋爆炒而成的(de)(de)(de)美味(wei)(wei)佳肴。這道(dao)美味(wei)(wei)本來(lai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)私房(fang)菜(cai),但后(hou)(hou)來(lai)盡人皆知,成為(wei)了(le)人們(men)熟知的(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)雞丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。所(suo)謂“宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)”,其實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶楨(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)榮譽官(guan)銜(xian),丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶楨(zhen)治蜀十年(nian),為(wei)官(guan)剛正不阿,多有(you)建樹,于(yu)光緒十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)死(si)在任(ren)上(shang),清廷為(wei)了(le)表彰他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)績,追贈(zeng)“太(tai)子(zi)(zi)太(tai)保(bao)”。如上(shang)文所(suo)說,“太(tai)子(zi)(zi)太(tai)保(bao)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)“宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)”之一(yi)(yi),于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)了(le)紀念(nian)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶楨(zhen),他(ta)發明的(de)(de)(de)這道(dao)菜(cai)由此(ci)得名“宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)雞丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。由于(yu)這道(dao)菜(cai)流傳太(tai)廣,在各地有(you)很多不同的(de)(de)(de)做法(fa),甚(shen)至(zhi)還出現(xian)了(le)將雞丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)演變為(wei)肉丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)“宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)肉丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)雞丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)傳到西方(fang)后(hou)(hou),西方(fang)人還根據自己的(de)(de)(de)口(kou)(kou)味(wei)(wei)進行了(le)一(yi)(yi)些改(gai)良(liang),使之成為(wei)了(le)符(fu)合西方(fang)口(kou)(kou)味(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)“西式宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)雞丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)” 。
說法二
一(yi)日,丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)身著微服帶一(yi)家仆去(qu)山東濟南大明湖一(yi)帶私訪(fang)。天近中(zhong)(zhong)午,已覺(jue)腹饑,突然聞到(dao)(dao)一(yi)股(gu)子(zi)香味(wei)從附近一(yi)農家院中(zhong)(zhong)飄(piao)出,于是(shi)信步走(zou)進院中(zhong)(zhong)。只見一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)年漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)子(zi)正(zheng)在灶房內炒(chao)菜(cai)(cai)。喜愛(ai)烹調(diao)的(de)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)宮保連忙走(zou)上前問漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)子(zi)炒(chao)的(de)是(shi)何(he)菜(cai)(cai),漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)子(zi)答道:“爆炒(chao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)子(zi)熱情地(di)讓丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)品(pin)嘗一(yi)下(xia),丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)客氣地(di)嘗了(le)(le)一(yi)口(kou),味(wei)道十分鮮美(mei),連忙又問道:“既(ji)為(wei)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),為(wei)何(he)卻這般(ban)鮮嫩(nen)?”漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)子(zi)答道:“此乃(nai)取(qu)當(dang)地(di)笨雞(ji)(ji)(ji)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)脯肉(rou)切丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),而外薄裹淀粉糊(即是(shi)水淀粉),以(yi)利于快(kuai)熟(shu)且可防味(wei)泄,再配以(yi)花(hua)生、胡椒(jiao),加上白(bai)糖(tang)、鹽、醬油、南酒、蔥、姜、蒜等調(diao)料,經旺火爆炒(chao)而成(cheng)。成(cheng)品(pin)色澤紅亮(liang),雞(ji)(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)細(xi)嫩(nen),花(hua)生米(mi)酥(su)脆(cui),咸鮮香辣,佐酒下(xia)飯均(jun)宜。”丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)撫須點頭,找出盤中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)花(hua)生入口(kou)里,細(xi)細(xi)咂摸(mo),果真是(shi)別有(you)滋味(wei)。這道菜(cai)(cai)令丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)回(hui)味(wei)悠長(chang),走(zou)時百(bai)般(ban)不(bu)(bu)舍,他記準了(le)(le)地(di)方,回(hui)府不(bu)(bu)久(jiu)就遣人(ren)重(zhong)金把(ba)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)子(zi)聘(pin)為(wei)家廚。每(mei)每(mei)遠客到(dao)(dao),必用此道菜(cai)(cai)為(wei)壓軸菜(cai)(cai)招待客人(ren),百(bai)吃不(bu)(bu)厭世稱美(mei)味(wei)。后(hou)來(lai),丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)奉調(diao)任四川總督,臨行征求漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)子(zi)意見,漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)子(zi)感其恩重(zhong),遂攜家眷一(yi)起隨丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)進川,進而把(ba)爆炒(chao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)帶到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)四川,他的(de)后(hou)人(ren)通(tong)過把(ba)胡椒(jiao)換(huan)成(cheng)辣椒(jiao),做(zuo)出了(le)(le)川味(wei)的(de)宮保雞(ji)(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)去(qu)世后(hou)不(bu)(bu)久(jiu),宮保雞(ji)(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)就被四川當(dang)地(di)官員作為(wei)貢菜(cai)(cai)獻給皇帝,發展成(cheng)為(wei)御用的(de)名菜(cai)(cai)之一(yi) 。
名菜榮譽
2017年8月2日,由貴(gui)州省商(shang)務廳、省社(she)科聯和貴(gui)陽市人民政府(fu)聯合主辦的“黔菜品牌(pai)系(xi)列活(huo)動”的十大名菜出爐,貴(gui)州宮保雞(ji)丁被(bei)評為(wei)貴(gui)州十大名菜。
制作步驟
將雞脯肉用(yong)刀背(bei)拍一下,切(qie)成小丁,加(jia)入(ru)一湯(tang)匙(chi)(chi)料酒、半湯(tang)匙(chi)(chi)食(shi)用(yong)油、半茶(cha)匙(chi)(chi)白(bai)胡椒、半茶(cha)匙(chi)(chi)鹽,一茶(cha)匙(chi)(chi)淀粉腌漬(zi)10分鐘,再用(yong)水(shui)淀粉拌勻(yun)。
將大蔥洗凈切段,干辣椒洗凈,剪去兩頭去除(chu)辣椒籽,黃瓜切丁。
在(zai)小碗中調入醬油、香(xiang)醋、鹽(yan)、姜(jiang)汁、白砂糖和料酒,混合均(jun)勻制成(cheng)調味料汁。
鍋中留底油,燒熱后(hou)將花椒和干辣椒放(fang)入,用小火煸炸出香味,隨后(hou)放(fang)入大蔥段。
放(fang)入雞丁,放(fang)1湯匙料酒(jiu),將雞丁滑炒(chao)變色(se),然后倒入水(shui)淀粉。
最后調入料汁,再放入熟花生米,翻炒均勻,用水淀粉勾芡即成。
提示事項
用開水沖(chong)泡花生(sheng)米,剝去(qu)外皮,冷鍋冷油下(xia)花生(sheng)米(不易炒(chao)焦),中火炒(chao)至淺焦黃色后盛到(dao)大盤里散熱待用。
風味特色
宮保雞(ji)丁的(de)特色是辣中有(you)甜,甜中有(you)辣,雞(ji)肉(rou)的(de)鮮(xian)嫩配合花生的(de)香脆(cui),入口鮮(xian)辣酥香,紅而不(bu)辣,辣而不(bu)猛(meng),肉(rou)質滑(hua)脆(cui)。
宮保雞丁(ding)入口之后(hou),舌尖先(xian)感覺微麻、淺(qian)辣,而后(hou)沖(chong)擊味(wei)蕾的是一股(gu)甜意,咀嚼(jiao)時又會(hui)有(you)些“許算算”的感覺,麻、辣、酸(suan)、甜包(bao)裹下的雞丁(ding)、蔥段、花(hua)生米使(shi)人欲罷不能。
貴州菜版的宮保雞丁用的是糍粑辣椒,和川菜、魯菜版本不一樣。貴州版宮保雞丁咸辣略帶酸甜,請注意這個“酸”字,酸辣是貴州菜區別川菜的重要標志之一。