人物簡介
王(wang)詵(shen)(1036年(nian)(nian)-1093年(nian)(nian)后,一(yi)作1048年(nian)(nian)-1104年(nian)(nian)后)〔北宋〕字(zi)晉卿(qing),太(tai)原(今屬(shu)山(shan)西)人,居開封(今屬(shu)河南)。出(chu)身(shen)貴(gui)族,娶英宗趙曙之女蜀國(guo)公(gong)主為妻,官駙(fu)馬都(dou)尉及定(ding)州觀察使、利(li)州防御(yu)使。元豐二年(nian)(nian)(1079年(nian)(nian))坐罪落駙(fu)馬都(dou)尉,責(ze)授昭化軍(jun)節度行軍(jun)司馬,均州安置,移潁州。元祐(you)元年(nian)(nian)(1086年(nian)(nian)),復登州刺史、駙(fu)馬都(dou)尉。卒諡榮(rong)安。能詩善畫,亦工詞(ci)(ci),詞(ci)(ci)風清麗,然欠豐容宛轉(zhuan)。今有(you)趙萬里輯《王(wang)晉卿(qing)詞(ci)(ci)》。
其家筑“寶繪堂”,藏(zang)(zang)歷代法書名畫日夕(xi)觀摩(mo),精(jing)于(yu)鑒(jian)賞,蘇軾(shi)為之記。廣交蘇軾(shi)、黃(huang)庭堅、米芾(fei)、秦觀、李公麟(lin)等眾多文(wen)人雅士,“析(xi)奇賞異”,酬(chou)詩唱和(he),李公麟(lin)曾畫《西園雅集圖(tu)》以紀勝,其風(feng)流蘊(yun)藉有(you)(you)王謝家風(feng)氣。能詩,亦(yi)(yi)工山水(shui),學李成皴(cun)法,以李思(si)訓(xun)金(jin)碧統之,溶兩家法規而出新意,在水(shui)墨勾皴(cun)基礎上(shang)(shang),“不古不今,自成一家”,獨(du)具風(feng)貌。喜畫“煙江(jiang)遠壑,柳溪漁浦,晴(qing)嵐(lan)絕(jue)澗,寒(han)林幽谷(gu),桃溪葦村(cun)”等他人難狀之景,將(jiang)錦繡河山展現畫幅中,深得(de)(de)好(hao)評。蘇軾(shi)謂其“得(de)(de)破墨三昧(mei)”,有(you)(you)“鄭虔三絕(jue)居有(you)(you)二(er),筆執挽回三百年(nian)”句。兼(jian)寫墨竹(zhu),學文(wen)同。亦(yi)(yi)工書,真、行、草、隸皆精(jing)。《宣和(he)畫譜(pu)》著(zhu)錄御府藏(zang)(zang)其作(zuo)品有(you)(you)《幽谷(gu)春(chun)歸圖(tu)》《晴(qing)嵐(lan)曉景圖(tu)》《煙嵐(lan)晴(qing)曉圖(tu)》《煙江(jiang)疊嶂圖(tu)》等35件。傳世作(zuo)品有(you)(you)《漁村(cun)小雪圖(tu)》卷,現藏(zang)(zang)故宮博(bo)物院;《煙江(jiang)疊嶂圖(tu)》卷,藏(zang)(zang)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)博(bo)物館。
王詵妻寶安公主(1051年(nian)-1080年(nian)),宋英(ying)宗第二(er)女,母宣仁圣(sheng)烈(lie)皇(huang)后(hou)。
嘉祐八年(nian)(1063年(nian)),封寶安(an)公主(zhu)。宋(song)神(shen)宗即位,進舒國長公主(zhu),改蜀國長公主(zhu),下嫁左衛將軍王詵。
王詵母盧(lu)(lu)氏寡居,公(gong)主(zhu)住在近(jin)處,每(mei)天給婆婆進獻美食。盧(lu)(lu)氏生病,公(gong)主(zhu)親(qin)自調和湯劑奉上。皇(huang)帝厚待姊妹,因此(ci)(ci)公(gong)主(zhu)府第池花(hua)園服飾珍玩極其華麗。公(gong)主(zhu)因不(bu)(bu)能每(mei)天在寶慈宮服侍宣(xuan)仁(ren)皇(huang)后,常常郁郁不(bu)(bu)樂。有時(shi)干熱不(bu)(bu)雨,宋(song)(song)神宗減少享受以(yi)祈禱,公(gong)主(zhu)也是(shi)如此(ci)(ci),說:“我的俸(feng)祿皆出(chu)于(yu)朝廷(ting),固應同(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)喜同(tong)(tong)悲。”宋(song)(song)神宗為慈圣光獻皇(huang)后居喪(sang),哀傷過(guo)度,公(gong)主(zhu)說:“吾與皇(huang)上同(tong)(tong)母所生,視此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)復保(bao)聊(liao)!”馬上遣散歌舞三十人。
元豐三(san)年(1080年),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)病篤(du)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)性不妒忌,王詵(shen)(shen)以是(shi)放(fang)縱(zong)自(zi)己,曾經(jing)被貶官。高太后親(qin)臨探(tan)病,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)已不省人事,太后大哭(ku),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)很久后稍(shao)能說(shuo)話,說(shuo)自(zi)己必定好不起來(lai)了(le),握著母親(qin)的手哭(ku)泣。宋神(shen)(shen)宗隨后到達,親(qin)自(zi)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)診脈,端著粥喂公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)勉強為(wei)(wei)皇帝都吃了(le)。皇帝賜公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)帛六千,再(zai)問有什(shen)么要求,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)只是(shi)請(qing)恢復王詵(shen)(shen)官職而(er)已。這時,宋神(shen)(shen)宗命王詵(shen)(shen)官復原職,來(lai)安慰(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。第(di)二(er)天,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)薨逝,年三(san)十(shi)歲。宋神(shen)(shen)宗未沒有吃飯即駕往,望第(di)門而(er)哭(ku),輟朝五(wu)日(ri)。追(zhui)封越國長公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),謚賢(xian)惠(hui)。后進封大長公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),累(lei)改秦、荊、魏三(san)國大長公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)好讀(du)古文,喜(xi)筆札,周(zhou)濟親屬,朝(chao)野內外稱賢(xian)。王詵(shen)不拘(ju)小節(jie),和小妾在公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)身邊為非作歹(dai),小妾常常觸犯(fan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)去(qu)世后,乳(ru)母告發,宋神宗命(ming)徹底追查,杖打八妾并(bing)把(ba)她們婚配(pei)兵卒。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)既(ji)葬,貶(bian)謫(zhe)王詵(shen)到均州(zhou)。子王彥弼,三歲去(qu)世。