周(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)古(gu)村(cun)位(wei)于江(jiang)西(xi)省尋烏(wu)縣(xian)澄江(jiang)鎮東(dong)(dong)6公(gong)里處,地(di)(di)(di)形是(shi)四面(mian)環山(shan)(shan),呈“Y”字型的盆地(di)(di)(di)。山(shan)(shan)勢南高北低(di),梯田(tian)(tian)(tian)滿山(shan)(shan),周(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)河兩岸更是(shi)良田(tian)(tian)(tian)千畝,是(shi)林茂糧豐(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),屬江(jiang)南丘(qiu)陵地(di)(di)(di)帶,周(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)客(ke)(ke)家古(gu)建筑群(qun)是(shi)江(jiang)西(xi)省首批歷(li)史文(wen)化(hua)名村(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。周(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)客(ke)(ke)家古(gu)建筑群(qun)有(you)(you)“周(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)十(shi)八座(zuo)大屋”,而至(zhi)(zhi)今仍完整(zheng)保存的有(you)(you)十(shi)五(wu)座(zuo)精(jing)美(mei)古(gu)民居(ju),它雖然(ran)沒有(you)(you)樂安縣(xian)流(liu)坑之(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模宏大,也沒有(you)(you)婺源(yuan)縣(xian)江(jiang)灣之(zhi)(zhi)秀(xiu)麗景象,但(dan)周(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)的內容(rong)卻相當豐(feng)富多彩:它有(you)(you)雕龍畫棟、飛檐(yan)翹角、封火磚墻,還有(you)(you)文(wen)化(hua)內容(rong)深遠(yuan)的門楣(mei)、題刻、功名柱(zhu)、風水塘、浮雕壁畫、木(mu)雕、硅雕、石雕工(gong)藝(yi)精(jing)湛(zhan),栩栩如生,體現了客(ke)(ke)家先(xian)民精(jing)巧的技能和超凡的智慧,更有(you)(you)奇(qi)石、秀(xiu)峰、古(gu)樹等自然(ran)景觀點綴其中,寧(ning)靜而祥和,一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)“小橋流(liu)水人家”的田(tian)(tian)(tian)園美(mei)景。村(cun)落交通(tong)發達(da),一(yi)(yi)共有(you)(you)五(wu)條道路進出村(cun)莊。東(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)溪(xi)尾,南至(zhi)(zhi)漁溪(xi),西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)團山(shan)(shan),西(xi)北至(zhi)(zhi)澄江(jiang),北至(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)亨、長企。它一(yi)(yi)村(cun)通(tong)三省,廣東(dong)(dong)的平(ping)遠(yuan)縣(xian)差干鎮烽嶺牌村(cun)、福建的武平(ping)縣(xian)東(dong)(dong)留(liu)鄉龍溪(xi)村(cun)與周(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)隔,一(yi)(yi)條穿村(cun)而過的古(gu)驛道將三省三村(cun)一(yi)(yi)脈相連。如今,驛道猶在,驛站(zhan)殘猶,鹽商的故事仍在傳說。
周田(tian)古(gu)村(cun)位(wei)于江(jiang)(jiang)西省(sheng)(sheng)尋(xun)(xun)烏縣澄江(jiang)(jiang)鎮(zhen)東6公里處(chu),地(di)形是(shi)四面環山(shan),呈“Y”字(zi)型的(de)盆地(di)。周田(tian)古(gu)村(cun)的(de)歷(li)史可以追溯到(dao)明(ming)朝(chao)之(zhi)前。明(ming)朝(chao)初年形成的(de)會(hui)昌、安遠(yuan)至(zhi)尋(xun)(xun)烏的(de)驛道,是(shi)由贛(gan)南進入廣東梅州(zhou)等(deng)地(di)的(de)主(zhu)要通道,也(ye)是(shi)明(ming)清贛(gan)粵客家人大遷徙、大回流的(de)通道,而地(di)處(chu)江(jiang)(jiang)西、廣東、福建三省(sheng)(sheng)交界處(chu)的(de)周田(tian)村(cun),就位(wei)于多條古(gu)驛道的(de)交會(hui)點上,是(shi)“贛(gan)閩粵三省(sheng)(sheng)通衢”之(zhi)地(di)。屬溫(wen)(wen)暖濕潤,雨量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),冬無嚴(yan)寒,夏(xia)無酷暑。屬亞熱帶地(di)區(qu)的(de)氣候特征。年平均氣溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)19攝(she)(she)氏(shi)度,有記載以來的(de)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)(wen)是(shi)38.2攝(she)(she)氏(shi)度,極(ji)端最(zui)低氣溫(wen)(wen)是(shi)-5.5攝(she)(she)氏(shi)度。年均降水(shui)量(liang)1650毫米。降水(shui)量(liang)是(shi)春夏(xia)雨季多,秋冬兩季少,具體是(shi)4-6月(yue)多。
據當(dang)(dang)地王(wang)氏族譜記載(zai),該地古(gu)屋(wu)(wu)群最(zui)(zui)早建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)明朝萬歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),此后歷(li)明而(er)清(qing),子孫繁衍,先后建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造古(gu)屋(wu)(wu)28棟(dong)之(zhi)多(duo),最(zui)(zui)晚一棟(dong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)朝咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),前(qian)后時間(jian)跨度300多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。在(zai)眾多(duo)圍(wei)(wei)屋(wu)(wu)中(zhong),田塘灣(wan)圍(wei)(wei)屋(wu)(wu)是面積最(zui)(zui)大、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑藝術(shu)價(jia)值最(zui)(zui)高的(de)(de)一座(zuo)方形(xing)圍(wei)(wei)屋(wu)(wu)。它建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)朝嘉慶19年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1814年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),占(zhan)地10余(yu)畝,屬(shu)磚石土木(mu)結(jie)(jie)構,房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)設計(ji)為四進四廂,八廳十二井(jing),共有50個房(fang)間(jian),結(jie)(jie)構合理,造型美觀。每座(zuo)圍(wei)(wei)屋(wu)(wu)依山而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),歷(li)經(jing)幾(ji)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)風(feng)雨考驗,依然雄(xiong)偉壯觀,它們(men)從(cong)設計(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造到室內裝飾風(feng)格(ge)各異,無一雷同,充分(fen)體現了當(dang)(dang)時建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑者獨具匠心(xin)的(de)(de)智慧。
周田的古建筑(zhu)群除有(you)方(fang)形圍屋外,還(huan)有(you)學堂、茶亭、客(ke)棧、藥(yao)棧、水車油(you)坊、寺(si)廟等多種古代建筑(zhu),共(gong)計二十處景點。省市有(you)關專家(jia)稱,這座古建筑(zhu)群規模之大,保存之完好,在省內罕見,是反(fan)映(ying)江南客(ke)家(jia)民居建筑(zhu)特色的“活標本”,有(you)較高的研究(jiu)價(jia)值。
古(gu)驛道給周田客(ke)(ke)家古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)帶來了(le)明清(qing)時期500多年(nian)的繁榮,優(you)越(yue)的地理位置成(cheng)就了(le)大(da)批富商。他(ta)們傳承著(zhu)輝煌的客(ke)(ke)家文化,建(jian)造了(le)遠(yuan)近聞名(ming)的客(ke)(ke)家大(da)屋。現今,在方圓3平(ping)方公(gong)里的村(cun)落內,分布(bu)著(zhu)自(zi)明朝(chao)萬(wan)歷(li)年(nian)間至清(qing)朝(chao)咸豐年(nian)間所(suo)建(jian)的古(gu)民居28座(zuo)、學堂(tang)4座(zuo)、茶亭1間、客(ke)(ke)棧4棟、藥(yao)棧1間,水車油坊1座(zuo),古(gu)寺廟(miao)5處,形成(cheng)了(le)蔚為壯觀的周田客(ke)(ke)家古(gu)民居群(qun)落。