芒果视频下载

基本介紹

長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第(di)一墩(dun)，又稱(cheng)討(tao)賴河墩(dun)，是(shi)嘉(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)西長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)最南端的一座墩(dun)臺，也是(shi)明(ming)代萬(wan)里長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)最西端的一座墩(dun)臺。長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第(di)一墩(dun)于明(ming)嘉(jia)靖十八年(nian)（公(gong)元1539）年(nian)由肅州兵備道李(li)涵監筑，北距關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)7.5公(gong)里，墩(dun)臺矗立于討(tao)賴河邊近56米高的懸崖之上。

景點景觀

麓(lu)，因山(shan)而(er)名。明(ming)洪武五年(nian)（1372）修筑萬里長(chang)城(cheng)時(shi)置。當時(shi)明(ming)征虜大將軍馮勝看中(zhong)嘉峪(yu)山(shan)西北麓(lu)的險要地勢(shi)，選為(wei)(wei)河西第一(yi)隘口，開始(shi)筑城(cheng)設關，以后經歷一(yi)百(bai)多年(nian)時(shi)間擴建，才形成一(yi)個比較(jiao)完整的防(fang)御(yu)體系(xi)。明(ming)弘治年(nian)間，為(wei)(wei)防(fang)吐魯番東侵，曾進(jin)行(xing)重修。這關雄(xiong)偉壯(zhuang)觀，號稱“天(tian)下第一(yi)雄(xiong)關”。

萬里長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沿(yan)線分布著許多(duo)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘，其中(zhong)(zhong)規模較大(da)(da)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)兩座(zuo)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)是(shi)東(dong)端(duan)(duan)的(de)山海關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)就是(shi)西(xi)端(duan)(duan)的(de)嘉峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，而(er)后者(zhe)經前者(zhe)猶有(you)(you)(you)過之(zhi)，所以嘉峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上的(de)較大(da)(da)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘，也(ye)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國規模大(da)(da)的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘。但嘉峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)初(chu)建(jian)時不過是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)6米(mi)高的(de)土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，占地2500平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。而(er)現(xian)存的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總面積33.500余平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)，比原(yuan)來的(de)大(da)(da)數(shu)倍。它(ta)由外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組合而(er)成(cheng)，關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)長(chang)733米(mi)，就中(zhong)(zhong)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)長(chang)640米(mi)，面積為原(yuan)先(xian)的(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)寬東(dong)窄(zhai)，略(lve)呈梯形(xing)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高9米(mi)，東(dong)西(xi)開“光(guang)化門(men)(men)”和(he)“柔遠門(men)(men)”兩門(men)(men)。門(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)各筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)對稱，三(san)(san)層(ceng)三(san)(san)檐(yan)五間式，周(zhou)圍有(you)(you)(you)廊，單檐(yan)歇山頂(ding)(ding)，高17米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四隅有(you)(you)(you)角樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、南、北(bei)墻(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)段有(you)(you)(you)敵樓(lou)(lou)(lou)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)三(san)(san)間式帶前廊。兩門(men)(men)內(nei)北(bei)側有(you)(you)(you)馬道達(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頂(ding)(ding)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)官井，舊有(you)(you)(you)亭(ting)，今已廢(fei)。西(xi)門(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)套筑(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)道凸形(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，構成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個羅(luo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，這就是(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)比內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高2.7米(mi)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)門(men)(men)額刻(ke)“嘉峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”三(san)(san)個大(da)(da)字。門(men)(men)頂(ding)(ding)原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)，與東(dong)西(xi)二樓(lou)(lou)(lou)形(xing)制相(xiang)同，三(san)(san)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)東(dong)西(xi)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)線。1924年城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)被毀。西(xi)面羅(luo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚砌(qi)，東(dong)、南、北(bei)有(you)(you)(you)土筑(zhu)圍墻(qiang)，連接(jie)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，迭(die)門(men)(men)重城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，成(cheng)并守之(zhi)勢(shi)。東(dong)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)文昌閣、關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)帝(di)廟、戲樓(lou)(lou)(lou)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)靠北(bei)有(you)(you)(you)游擊衙(ya)門(men)(men)府一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)，都是(shi)清代建(jian)筑(zhu)。新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)國成(cheng)立后，關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)曾多(duo)次維修(xiu)加固，至今保存完(wan)好。

地理環境

長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)墩嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)峪(yu)(yu)關(guan)(guan)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)甘肅省河(he)西(xi)走廊的(de)(de)西(xi)端(duan)，東經98°17′、北緯(wei)39°47′，甘肅嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)峪(yu)(yu)關(guan)(guan)市(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)5公(gong)里(li)處，是(shi)明長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)端(duan)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)重關(guan)(guan)，也是(shi)古(gu)代(dai)“絲綢之路”的(de)(de)交通要沖。嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)峪(yu)(yu)關(guan)(guan)市(shi)區西(xi)南(nan)6公(gong)里(li)處，位(wei)于(yu)(yu)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)峪(yu)(yu)關(guan)(guan)最狹窄的(de)(de)山谷中(zhong)部,地勢(shi)最高的(de)(de)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)峪(yu)(yu)山上，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)(guan)兩翼(yi)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻橫穿(chuan)沙(sha)漠戈(ge)壁，向(xiang)(xiang)北8公(gong)里(li)連(lian)黑山懸(xuan)壁長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)7公(gong)里(li)，是(shi)明代(dai)萬(wan)里(li)長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)端(duan)主宰，自(zi)古(gu)為河(he)西(xi)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)隘(ai)口。嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)峪(yu)(yu)關(guan)(guan)關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，位(wei)于(yu)(yu)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)峪(yu)(yu)關(guan)(guan)最狹窄的(de)(de)山谷中(zhong)部，地勢(shi)最高的(de)(de)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)峪(yu)(yu)山上，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)(guan)兩翼(yi)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻橫穿(chuan)沙(sha)漠戈(ge)壁。嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)峪(yu)(yu)關(guan)(guan)以(yi)地勢(shi)險要，巍峨壯(zhuang)觀著稱于(yu)(yu)世。與萬(wan)里(li)之外(wai)的(de)(de)“天下(xia)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)關(guan)(guan)”——山海關(guan)(guan)遙相呼應，聞名天下(xia)。

歷史沿革

明代，嘉峪關(guan)管(guan)轄著(zhu)“腹(fu)里、沿(yan)邊、境外墩臺(tai)三(san)十九(jiu)座”。關(guan)內墩臺(tai)林立，縱橫交(jiao)織，相互了望(wang)，互通情報。長城(cheng)第(di)一墩，是關(guan)南(nan)主(zhu)要的一座墩臺(tai)，擔負著(zhu)傳遞(di)關(guan)南(nan)及祁連山諸口(kou)軍事信息的任務。設(she)有(you)塢、驛馬、驛駝、食宿(su)、積薪等物，配(pei)備有(you)一定數量的守(shou)兵。

長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第(di)一(yi)墩景(jing)(jing)區(qu)自然景(jing)(jing)致(zhi)壯觀(guan)，東(dong)(dong)臨酒泉，西(xi)連(lian)荒漠，北依(yi)嘉峪，南(nan)望(wang)祁(qi)連(lian)，討(tao)賴河水滔滔東(dong)(dong)去。極目南(nan)眺，山(shan)峰終年(nian)潔白，襯映(ying)著(zhu)藍色天空(kong)，更覺清(qing)(qing)新如畫。正(zheng)所謂(wei)“余收(shou)遠岫和云濕，風度疏林帶舞(wu)飄(piao)”。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)面積(ji)約3.22平方公里。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)包括長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第(di)一(yi)墩、綜合服務區(qu)、討(tao)賴河滑索(suo)、討(tao)賴客棧(zhan)、天險(xian)吊橋(qiao)、“醉臥(wo)沙場(chang)”雕塑群、“中(zhong)華龍(long)林”等內容(rong)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第(di)一(yi)墩于明嘉靖十八年(nian)（公元1539）年(nian)由(you)肅州兵(bing)備(bei)道(dao)李涵監筑，北距(ju)關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)7.5公里，墩臺矗立于討(tao)賴河邊近56米(mi)高的(de)(de)懸(xuan)崖之上。對(dui)于它的(de)(de)雄(xiong)險(xian)，著(zhu)名(ming)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)專家羅(luo)哲文(wen)(wen)先生(sheng)曾經(jing)有過(guo)生(sheng)動(dong)的(de)(de)吟詠(yong)：“嘉峪關(guan)，雄(xiong)險(xian)畫皆難(nan)，墩堡遙遙相互望(wang)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)道(dao)道(dao)連(lian)關(guan)山(shan)，猿臂也難(nan)攀”。在(zai)一(yi)萬(wan)多華里的(de)(de)明代長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)線上，墩臺無數，密如繁星，而嘉峪關(guan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第(di)一(yi)墩與河北山(shan)海(hai)關(guan)渤海(hai)之濱的(de)(de)“老龍(long)頭(tou)”遙相呼應，共同構筑起中(zhong)華長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)“龍(long)”的(de)(de)首(shou)尾，成就了中(zhong)華民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)“龍(long)”的(de)(de)美名(ming)。如果說長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)是中(zhong)華民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)豐(feng)(feng)碑(bei)，那么長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第(di)一(yi)墩就是這(zhe)座豐(feng)(feng)碑(bei)崛(jue)起的(de)(de)地方。現在(zai)，這(zhe)座墩臺殘高約10米(mi)，其底部呈(cheng)不規則正(zheng)方形，底寬14米(mi)，內部仍呈(cheng)正(zheng)方形，長(chang)(chang)(chang)寬均為(wei)6米(mi)。用黃土(tu)夯筑而成，夯土(tu)層厚10～20厘米(mi)。“長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第(di)一(yi)墩”碑(bei)文(wen)(wen)由(you)已故的(de)(de)西(xi)路軍將領魏傳統題(ti)寫，字跡飄(piao)逸(yi)灑脫，清(qing)(qing)秀雋(jun)永(yong)。

依(yi)托長城(cheng)第(di)一墩(dun)開發建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)旅游(you)景區，自(zi)然景致壯觀，東邊是(shi)(shi)群樓(lou)林立的(de)(de)(de)嘉峪(yu)關市區，西邊是(shi)(shi)浩瀚無際的(de)(de)(de)大(da)漠戈壁，北邊與(yu)雄偉(wei)壯觀的(de)(de)(de)嘉峪(yu)關相(xiang)連(lian)，南面(mian)為(wei)(wei)連(lian)綿(mian)起伏的(de)(de)(de)祁連(lian)雪山(shan)，腳(jiao)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)發源于祁連(lian)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)討賴(lai)河。長城(cheng)第(di)一墩(dun)旅游(you)景區，以(yi)長城(cheng)文化和絲綢之路(lu)文化為(wei)(wei)內涵(han)，以(yi)戈壁風(feng)光和西北民俗風(feng)情為(wei)(wei)基礎，是(shi)(shi)一處(chu)觀光、探險、休(xiu)閑、娛(yu)樂、懷古游(you)歷和拍攝影視場(chang)景的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)地方(fang)。