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九天玄(xuan)女的原始(shi)(shi)形(xing)象是(shi)玄(xuan)鳥(niao)，傳說她(ta)是(shi)古(gu)代王朝商朝的始(shi)(shi)祖。《詩(shi)經·商頌·玄(xuan)鳥(niao)》說：“天命玄(xuan)鳥(niao)，降而生商”這是(shi)殷商后代祭(ji)祀祖先(xian)的詩(shi)歌。意(yi)思是(shi)說天帝(di)命令玄(xuan)鳥(niao)生下商的始(shi)(shi)祖契。玄(xuan)鳥(niao)就是(shi)商的始(shi)(shi)祖。目前(qian)所知最早述及玄(xuan)女的文獻漢代緯書《龍魚河圖(tu)》載：

黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)攝政(zheng)時(shi)，有蚩尤(you)(you)兄弟八十一人(ren)，并獸(shou)身人(ren)語(yu)，銅頭鐵額，食砂(sha)石子，造立兵仗刀戟大(da)弩，威振天(tian)下，誅殺(sha)無道，不仁(ren)慈。萬(wan)民欲令黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)行天(tian)子事，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)仁(ren)義，不能禁止(zhi)蚩尤(you)(you)，遂不敵。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)仰天(tian)而嘆。天(tian)遣玄女下授黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)兵信神符，制伏蚩尤(you)(you)。

此處玄女乃上天之神，雖(sui)未具體(ti)說明是(shi)否人形(xing)，但從整段文字看，若非(fei)人形(xing)，當有特別說明，如對蚩尤兄(xiong)弟之“獸(shou)身人語”，便專門予以(yi)描述。由此可知，玄女應為(wei)“人首人形(xing)”之神，與(yu)玄鳥之“鳥形(xing)”無任何關系。

“九天(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)女”應為“九天(tian)(tian)壬女”，該系(xi)傳(chuan)抄筆(bi)誤，又(you)因(yin)“壬”，天(tian)(tian)干第九位，玄(xuan)色，故名九天(tian)(tian)壬（玄(xuan)）女。壬女，即(ji)炎帝生(sheng)母，任(ren)姒(si)（名女登），任(ren)氏之女。炎帝因(yin)任(ren)女所(suo)生(sheng)，故姓(xing)“姜”。姜姓(xing)本意(yi)為任(ren)女所(suo)生(sheng)之意(yi)。所(suo)以，九天(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)女就是九天(tian)(tian)壬女。炎帝之母任(ren)姒(si)，感神(shen)龍首而生(sheng)炎帝，有蟜(jiao)氏之女，任(ren)姓(xing)。

上古時(shi)期的母(mu)(mu)系(xi)社會只(zhi)知其母(mu)(mu)，不(bu)(bu)知其父，乃從(cong)女姓(xing)。炎(yan)帝(di)(di)之母(mu)(mu)，乃是(shi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)姒(si)，名女登，任(ren)(ren)(ren)氏之女（有蟜氏、摯任(ren)(ren)(ren)氏）。炎(yan)帝(di)(di)因相(xiang)貌不(bu)(bu)美，其父少(shao)典不(bu)(bu)悅，將(jiang)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)放于東(dong)方之地。是(shi)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)親(qin)任(ren)(ren)(ren)姒(si)親(qin)手養育炎(yan)帝(di)(di)成人。因為他母(mu)(mu)親(qin)姓(xing)任(ren)(ren)(ren)，故(gu)首先她生(sheng)(sheng)出(chu)的兒子，從(cong)母(mu)(mu)姓(xing)任(ren)(ren)(ren)，炎(yan)帝(di)(di)在姜(jiang)水成就，故(gu)自姓(xing)姜(jiang)（任(ren)(ren)(ren)女所生(sheng)(sheng)之意(yi)）。自伊(yi)（任(ren)(ren)(ren)）徙耆（姜(jiang)）合(he)稱任(ren)(ren)(ren)姜(jiang)氏，堯(yao)之母(mu)(mu)也是(shi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)女。

據甲(jia)骨文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)義，姜是(shi)壬(ren)女（妊）所生(sheng)之意(yi)，一舉(ju)破解了(le)“姜”字(zi)(zi)本意(yi)，而(er)任姓初(chu)文(wen)(wen)正是(shi)壬(ren)（妊），故炎帝姜姓必(bi)為任姒所生(sheng)。“姜”字(zi)(zi)的(de)本意(yi)就是(shi)“任（玄(xuan)）女所生(sheng)”的(de)合文(wen)(wen)。故九天玄(xuan)女，實乃九天壬(ren)女。

文獻記載

《古文龍虎經注疏(shu)·卷上(shang)》：玄女演其(qi)序章注：玄女乃天地之(zhi)(zhi)精神(shen)，陰陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)靈(ling)氣。神(shen)無(wu)所不通，形無(wu)所不類。知(zhi)萬物之(zhi)(zhi)情，曉眾變(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)狀。為道敖之(zhi)(zhi)主也。玄女亦上(shang)古神(shen)仙，為眾真之(zhi)(zhi)長。

《紫(zi)府玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)祖(zu)(zu)法懺》：全稱“太(tai)上無(wu)(wu)極九(jiu)天紫(zi)府玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)祖(zu)(zu)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)法懺”經文(wen)中(zhong)，對于九(jiu)天玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)女(nv)的贊頌辭非(fei)常殊圣。摘錄部份如下：上極無(wu)(wu)上，乃(nai)為最(zui)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)，玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，斯(si)號開玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)，自昔乾(qian)坤未辟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，猶是混t沌(dun)元苞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致，無(wu)(wu)氣無(wu)(wu)象，無(wu)(wu)色無(wu)(wu)名(ming)，當是時也，蓋有(you)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)祖(zu)(zu)....玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)祖(zu)(zu)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)，結梵(fan)氣于太(tai)初之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年，舒(shu)至(zhi)(zhi)精于太(tai)始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分，無(wu)(wu)而(er)有(you)，有(you)而(er)無(wu)(wu)，釋宗(zong)無(wu)(wu)以(yi)名(ming)空，實而(er)虛(xu)，虛(xu)而(er)實，儒踐實以(yi)成治，是為道法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)。

從以上(shang)經文記載(zai)，九天(tian)(tian)(tian)玄女(nv)實(shi)乃先(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)女(nv)仙，是(shi)至(zhi)真天(tian)(tian)(tian)仙，乃大道衍(yan)化(hua)，南方離火(huo)炁所化(hua)生先(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)神仙。道教最(zui)高尊神“三清(qing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊”玉清(qing)、上(shang)清(qing)、太清(qing)，乃是(shi)“大道之祖氣、元始祖氣、先(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)元始一氣”變化(hua)三氣為三清(qing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊。

道經《九(jiu)天(tian)生(sheng)神章經解》所言：“以陽(yang)精之氣化(hua)生(sheng)上圣(sheng)高真，以沖(chong)靜之氣化(hua)生(sheng)元君圣(sheng)母(mu)，剛(gang)烈之氣化(hua)生(sheng)天(tian)丁力士，馀氣化(hua)育萬靈 … ” 。

《仙(xian)術秘庫·卷一》玉(yu)樞真人(ren)說(shuo)：天仙(xian)者：功成于三(san)乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)中，跡(ji)超乎三(san)乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)外，不(bu)為法拘，不(bu)為道泥(ni)，于天地有大功，于今古有大行(xing)， … 而返(fan)三(san)清(qing)虛無自然之(zhi)(zhi)界。 … 傳(chuan)道人(ren)間，道上有功，人(ren)間有行(xing)，與造物而同(tong)慘，經萬古而不(bu)朽(xiu)， … 乃為仙(xian)乘(cheng)中之(zhi)(zhi)無上上乘(cheng)。

九(jiu)天(tian)玄(xuan)女(nv)為(wei)道(dao)教所(suo)信奉，在道(dao)教地位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是崇高(gao)的(de)(de)，是九(jiu)天(tian)道(dao)法(fa)之(zhi)祖，是符(fu)籙法(fa)咒之(zhi)宗，成(cheng)為(wei)名符(fu)其實(shi)的(de)(de)符(fu)咒祭(ji)壇(tan)神(shen)，是女(nv)仙神(shen)系中(zhong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)階僅次(ci)于西(xi)王(wang)母的(de)(de)女(nv)天(tian)仙，九(jiu)天(tian)玄(xuan)女(nv)是一位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)深諳道(dao)法(fa)、軍事的(de)(de)女(nv)神(shen)仙，但她的(de)(de)莊(zhuang)嚴妙相卻像是一位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雍容華貴的(de)(de)后(hou)妃。

按《天壇玉格(ge)》云：行六(liu)丁法(fa)合受(shou)九(jiu)天玄女箓。

《太(tai)(tai)上正一諸(zhu)品(pin)籙》曰：《太(tai)(tai)上九天(tian)玄女斬邪秘(mi)箓(lu)》一階。此箓(lu)恭行天(tian)律，部領雷兵。如有下界精邪，北陰午酉，出沒巖穴，蟠(pan)踞(ju)山林(lin)，窺闞家(jia)庭，損傷人命，神威所到，一切(qie)掃除，福佑生人，肅清魔(mo)魅，至心佩奉，感應無方。

《墉城集仙錄》記載：

正統道藏洞神部譜(pu)箓類-墉城集(ji)仙錄-前蜀-杜光庭撰(zhuan)卷六

九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)(tian)玄女(nv)(nv)(nv)者(zhe)，黃帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師（黃帝(di)曾訪拜(bai)七(qi)十二位師傅先(xian)生學問(wen)大(da)(da)道），圣(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)元(yuan)君(jun)弟子也。黃帝(di)世為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有熊國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)，佐(zuo)神農為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)理。神農之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孫榆(yu)(yu)岡（榆(yu)(yu)罔）既衰，諸(zhu)侯(hou)相伐，干(gan)戈日尋，各(ge)據方色，自(zi)(zi)稱五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號。太(tai)(tai)嗥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青帝(di)，榆(yu)(yu)岡神農之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)號赤帝(di)，共工之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族自(zi)(zi)號白帝(di)，葛天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)號黑帝(di)，帝(di)起有熊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟自(zi)(zi)號黃帝(di)。乃恭已下士(shi)側身修德，在位二十二年，而(er)蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)肆孽，弟兄八十一人，獸身人語，銅(tong)頭鐵額，瞰(kan)砂吞石，不(bu)食(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)谷(gu)。作五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)虎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形以(yi)(yi)害(hai)黎庶，鑄兵(bing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)葛爐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)不(bu)察帝(di)命(ming)(ming)。帝(di)欲征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，博求賢能以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)己助，得(de)風后(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)海隅(yu)，得(de)力牧於(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)澤，以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)鴻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佐(zuo)，天(tian)(tian)老為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)師，署三公以(yi)(yi)象三臺，風后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上臺，天(tian)(tian)老為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中臺，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)圣(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下臺。始獲寶(bao)鼎不(bu)爨而(er)熟(shu)，迎日推莢(jia)，以(yi)(yi)封(feng)胡為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)將，以(yi)(yi)夫人費(fei)修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)子，用張若、堤朋、力牧、容(rong)光、龍(long)(long)紆、倉頡、容(rong)成、大(da)(da)撓、屠龍(long)(long)眾臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)翼輔，戰蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)於(wu)(wu)(wu)涿(zhuo)鹿。帝(di)師不(bu)勝(sheng)，蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)作大(da)(da)霧三日內外皆迷。風后(hou)法斗機作大(da)(da)車，以(yi)(yi)杓(shao)指南(nan)以(yi)(yi)正四方，帝(di)用憂憤齋(zhai)于(yu)太(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下；王母(mu)遣使披玄狐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣(yi)以(yi)(yi)符(fu)授帝(di)，曰：精思告天(tian)(tian)必有太(tai)(tai)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)。居(ju)數(shu)日，大(da)(da)霧冥冥晝(zhou)晦，玄女(nv)(nv)(nv)降焉。乘(cheng)丹(dan)鳳(feng)御(yu)景云服九(jiu)(jiu)色彩翠(cui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣(yi)集(ji)于(yu)帝(di)前，帝(di)再拜(bai)受命(ming)(ming)。玄女(nv)(nv)(nv)曰：吾以(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教，有疑(yi)可問(wen)也。帝(di)稽首頓首曰：蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)暴橫毒害(hai)需黎，四海嗷嗷莫保性命(ming)(ming)，欲萬(wan)戰萬(wan)勝(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術，與人除害(hai)可乎？玄女(nv)(nv)(nv)即(ji)授六(liu)甲六(liu)壬兵(bing)信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)，靈(ling)(ling)寶(bao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)策(ce)使鬼神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書，制妖通靈(ling)(ling)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)陰(yin)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)陽遁元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式，太(tai)(tai)一十精四神勝(sheng)負握機之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兵(bing)河圖策(ce)精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訣(jue)。復率諸(zhu)侯(hou)再戰蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)于(yu)冀州，蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)驅魑(chi)魅雜(za)妖以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陣(zhen)，雨(yu)師風伯(bo)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)衛，應(ying)(ying)龍(long)(long)蓄水以(yi)(yi)征於(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)。帝(di)畫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遂滅蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)于(yu)絕轡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)中冀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉，分四冢以(yi)(yi)葬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由是榆(yu)(yu)岡拒命(ming)(ming)，又誅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阪(ban)泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)，北逐塤齋(zhai)，大(da)(da)定四方。步四極凡二萬(wan)八千里，乃鑄鼎立九(jiu)(jiu)州，置五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行九(jiu)(jiu)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)觀(guan)天(tian)(tian)地，祠萬(wan)靈(ling)(ling)垂法設教，然后(hou)采首山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銅(tong)鑄鼎於(wu)(wu)(wu)荊山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，黃龍(long)(long)來(lai)迎乘(cheng)龍(long)(long)升天(tian)(tian)。