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九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)女(nv)的(de)原始形象是玄(xuan)鳥，傳說(shuo)她是古代王朝(chao)商(shang)(shang)朝(chao)的(de)始祖(zu)。《詩(shi)經·商(shang)(shang)頌·玄(xuan)鳥》說(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)命(ming)玄(xuan)鳥，降而生(sheng)商(shang)(shang)”這(zhe)是殷(yin)商(shang)(shang)后(hou)代祭祀祖(zu)先的(de)詩(shi)歌(ge)。意思是說(shuo)天(tian)(tian)帝命(ming)令玄(xuan)鳥生(sheng)下商(shang)(shang)的(de)始祖(zu)契。玄(xuan)鳥就是商(shang)(shang)的(de)始祖(zu)。目前(qian)所知最(zui)早述及玄(xuan)女(nv)的(de)文獻漢代緯書《龍魚河圖》載(zai)：

黃帝攝政時，有(you)蚩尤兄弟(di)八十一人，并獸身人語，銅頭(tou)鐵(tie)額，食(shi)砂石子(zi)，造立兵仗刀戟大弩(nu)，威振天(tian)下(xia)(xia)，誅(zhu)殺無道(dao)，不(bu)仁慈(ci)。萬民(min)欲令黃帝行(xing)天(tian)子(zi)事，黃帝仁義，不(bu)能禁止蚩尤，遂不(bu)敵(di)。黃帝仰天(tian)而嘆。天(tian)遣(qian)玄女下(xia)(xia)授黃帝兵信神符，制伏蚩尤。

此(ci)處玄(xuan)女(nv)乃上天之(zhi)神(shen)，雖未具體(ti)說明(ming)(ming)是(shi)否人形(xing)，但從(cong)整段文(wen)字看，若非人形(xing)，當有(you)特別(bie)說明(ming)(ming)，如(ru)對蚩(chi)尤兄弟之(zhi)“獸身(shen)人語”，便專門予以描述。由此(ci)可知，玄(xuan)女(nv)應為“人首(shou)人形(xing)”之(zhi)神(shen)，與玄(xuan)鳥之(zhi)“鳥形(xing)”無(wu)任何(he)關系(xi)。

“九天(tian)(tian)玄女(nv)(nv)(nv)”應為“九天(tian)(tian)壬女(nv)(nv)(nv)”，該系傳抄筆誤，又(you)因“壬”，天(tian)(tian)干第九位，玄色，故(gu)名九天(tian)(tian)壬（玄）女(nv)(nv)(nv)。壬女(nv)(nv)(nv)，即炎帝生(sheng)母，任姒(si)（名女(nv)(nv)(nv)登(deng)），任氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)。炎帝因任女(nv)(nv)(nv)所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)，故(gu)姓“姜”。姜姓本(ben)意為任女(nv)(nv)(nv)所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)之(zhi)意。所(suo)(suo)以，九天(tian)(tian)玄女(nv)(nv)(nv)就是九天(tian)(tian)壬女(nv)(nv)(nv)。炎帝之(zhi)母任姒(si)，感(gan)神龍首而生(sheng)炎帝，有蟜(jiao)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)，任姓。

上古(gu)時期的母(mu)系社會(hui)只知(zhi)其(qi)母(mu)，不知(zhi)其(qi)父，乃從女(nv)(nv)姓(xing)(xing)。炎(yan)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)母(mu)，乃是(shi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)姒，名女(nv)(nv)登，任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏之(zhi)女(nv)(nv)（有蟜(jiao)氏、摯(zhi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏）。炎(yan)帝(di)(di)因(yin)相貌不美，其(qi)父少典(dian)不悅，將炎(yan)帝(di)(di)放于東方(fang)之(zhi)地。是(shi)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)母(mu)親任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)姒親手養育炎(yan)帝(di)(di)成(cheng)人。因(yin)為他母(mu)親姓(xing)(xing)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，故(gu)首先她生(sheng)出(chu)的兒(er)子，從母(mu)姓(xing)(xing)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，炎(yan)帝(di)(di)在姜(jiang)水成(cheng)就，故(gu)自姓(xing)(xing)姜(jiang)（任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)女(nv)(nv)所(suo)生(sheng)之(zhi)意）。自伊（任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)）徙(xi)耆(qi)（姜(jiang)）合稱任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)姜(jiang)氏，堯之(zhi)母(mu)也(ye)是(shi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)女(nv)(nv)。

據(ju)甲骨文(wen)字義，姜是(shi)壬(ren)女（妊）所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)之意，一舉(ju)破解了(le)“姜”字本(ben)意，而任姓初(chu)文(wen)正是(shi)壬(ren)（妊），故炎帝姜姓必(bi)為任姒(si)所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)。“姜”字的本(ben)意就是(shi)“任（玄）女所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)”的合文(wen)。故九天玄女，實(shi)乃九天壬(ren)女。

文獻記載

《古文龍虎經注疏·卷上》：玄(xuan)女(nv)(nv)演其序(xu)章注：玄(xuan)女(nv)(nv)乃天地(di)之精神(shen)(shen)，陰陽之靈(ling)氣(qi)。神(shen)(shen)無所(suo)不(bu)通，形無所(suo)不(bu)類。知萬物(wu)之情，曉眾變之狀。為道敖(ao)之主也(ye)。玄(xuan)女(nv)(nv)亦(yi)上古神(shen)(shen)仙，為眾真之長。

《紫府玄祖(zu)(zu)(zu)法(fa)懺(chan)》：全(quan)稱“太(tai)(tai)上(shang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)極九天紫府玄祖(zu)(zu)(zu)至尊法(fa)懺(chan)”經文中，對于九天玄女的贊(zan)頌辭非常殊圣。摘(zhai)錄部份(fen)如(ru)下：上(shang)極無(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)，乃為(wei)最上(shang)之尊，玄之又玄，斯號開玄之祖(zu)(zu)(zu)，自昔乾坤未辟之前，猶是(shi)混t沌(dun)元苞之致(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)氣無(wu)(wu)(wu)象(xiang)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)色無(wu)(wu)(wu)名，當是(shi)時也，蓋有玄祖(zu)(zu)(zu)....玄祖(zu)(zu)(zu)至尊，結梵氣于太(tai)(tai)初(chu)之年，舒至精于太(tai)(tai)始(shi)之分，無(wu)(wu)(wu)而有，有而無(wu)(wu)(wu)，釋宗無(wu)(wu)(wu)以名空(kong)，實(shi)(shi)而虛，虛而實(shi)(shi)，儒踐實(shi)(shi)以成治，是(shi)為(wei)道法(fa)之宗。

從以上經文記載，九天(tian)(tian)玄女實乃先(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)女仙(xian)(xian)，是至真天(tian)(tian)仙(xian)(xian)，乃大(da)道衍化(hua)，南方離火炁所化(hua)生先(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)神仙(xian)(xian)。道教(jiao)最(zui)高(gao)尊(zun)神“三(san)清(qing)天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)”玉清(qing)、上清(qing)、太清(qing)，乃是“大(da)道之祖氣、元始(shi)祖氣、先(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)元始(shi)一氣”變化(hua)三(san)氣為三(san)清(qing)天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)。

道(dao)經《九天生(sheng)(sheng)神(shen)章(zhang)經解》所言：“以陽精之氣化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)上圣(sheng)高真，以沖(chong)靜(jing)之氣化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)元君圣(sheng)母，剛烈之氣化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)天丁力士，馀氣化(hua)育萬靈 … ” 。

《仙(xian)術秘庫·卷(juan)一》玉樞真人(ren)說：天仙(xian)者：功成于(yu)三乘(cheng)之中，跡超乎(hu)三乘(cheng)之外，不為(wei)法拘，不為(wei)道泥，于(yu)天地有大功，于(yu)今古有大行， … 而返三清虛無自然之界。 … 傳(chuan)道人(ren)間，道上有功，人(ren)間有行，與造物而同(tong)慘，經萬古而不朽， … 乃為(wei)仙(xian)乘(cheng)中之無上上乘(cheng)。

九天(tian)玄女(nv)為道教所信奉(feng)，在道教地(di)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)崇高的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)九天(tian)道法之祖，是(shi)(shi)符(fu)籙法咒(zhou)之宗，成為名(ming)符(fu)其實的(de)(de)(de)(de)符(fu)咒(zhou)祭壇神(shen)，是(shi)(shi)女(nv)仙(xian)神(shen)系(xi)中(zhong)位(wei)(wei)階(jie)僅(jin)次(ci)于(yu)西王母的(de)(de)(de)(de)女(nv)天(tian)仙(xian)，九天(tian)玄女(nv)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)位(wei)(wei)深諳道法、軍事的(de)(de)(de)(de)女(nv)神(shen)仙(xian)，但她的(de)(de)(de)(de)莊嚴妙相卻像是(shi)(shi)一(yi)位(wei)(wei)雍容華貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)后妃。

按《天壇玉格》云：行(xing)六丁法合受九天玄女箓(lu)。

《太上正一(yi)諸品籙》曰：《太上九(jiu)天玄女斬邪秘箓》一(yi)階。此箓恭行天律(lv)，部領雷(lei)兵。如有下(xia)界精(jing)邪，北陰(yin)午酉(you)，出沒巖穴，蟠踞山(shan)林(lin)，窺(kui)闞家(jia)庭，損傷人命，神威所到，一(yi)切掃除(chu)，福佑生人，肅清魔魅(mei)，至心佩奉(feng)，感(gan)應無方。

《墉(yong)城集仙(xian)錄(lu)》記載：

正統道藏洞神(shen)部譜(pu)箓類(lei)-墉城(cheng)集仙錄(lu)-前蜀-杜光庭(ting)撰卷六

九天(tian)玄女者，黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師(shi)（黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曾訪(fang)拜(bai)七十(shi)二(er)(er)位(wei)師(shi)傅先(xian)生學(xue)問大(da)(da)道(dao)），圣母元君(jun)弟(di)子(zi)也(ye)。黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)世為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有熊國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)，佐神(shen)農為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)理(li)。神(shen)農之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孫榆(yu)(yu)岡（榆(yu)(yu)罔(wang)）既衰，諸侯相伐(fa)，干(gan)戈日(ri)尋，各據方(fang)色(se)(se)，自(zi)(zi)稱五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號。太(tai)嗥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，榆(yu)(yu)岡神(shen)農之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)號赤帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，共工之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族自(zi)(zi)號白帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，葛(ge)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)號黑帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)起有熊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟自(zi)(zi)號黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。乃恭已下士側身修德，在位(wei)二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)年，而(er)蚩(chi)尤肆孽，弟(di)兄八十(shi)一人，獸(shou)身人語，銅頭鐵(tie)額，瞰砂(sha)吞石，不(bu)食(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)谷。作五(wu)(wu)(wu)虎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)害黎(li)庶(shu)，鑄(zhu)兵(bing)(bing)於葛(ge)爐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山不(bu)察帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命(ming)(ming)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)欲(yu)征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，博求賢能以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)己助，得風(feng)后(hou)於海(hai)隅(yu)，得力(li)牧(mu)於大(da)(da)澤，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)鴻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佐，天(tian)老為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)師(shi)，署三(san)公以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象三(san)臺(tai)，風(feng)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上臺(tai)，天(tian)老為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中臺(tai)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)圣為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下臺(tai)。始(shi)獲(huo)寶(bao)(bao)鼎(ding)不(bu)爨而(er)熟，迎(ying)日(ri)推莢，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)封胡為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)將，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫人費(fei)修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi)，用張若、堤(di)朋、力(li)牧(mu)、容光、龍(long)(long)紆、倉頡、容成、大(da)(da)撓、屠龍(long)(long)眾臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)翼輔，戰(zhan)(zhan)蚩(chi)尤於涿鹿。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)師(shi)不(bu)勝，蚩(chi)尤作大(da)(da)霧三(san)日(ri)內外皆迷。風(feng)后(hou)法斗機作大(da)(da)車，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)杓指南以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正四方(fang)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)用憂憤(fen)齋(zhai)于太(tai)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下；王(wang)母遣使披玄狐(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)符(fu)授帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，曰：精思告天(tian)必有太(tai)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)。居數日(ri)，大(da)(da)霧冥冥晝晦(hui)，玄女降焉。乘(cheng)丹(dan)鳳御(yu)景云(yun)服九色(se)(se)彩翠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣集于帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)前，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)再拜(bai)受命(ming)(ming)。玄女曰：吾以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)，有疑可問也(ye)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)稽首頓首曰：蚩(chi)尤暴(bao)橫毒害需(xu)黎(li)，四海(hai)嗷嗷莫保性命(ming)(ming)，欲(yu)萬(wan)(wan)戰(zhan)(zhan)萬(wan)(wan)勝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術，與人除(chu)害可乎？玄女即授六甲(jia)六壬兵(bing)(bing)信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)，靈(ling)(ling)(ling)寶(bao)(bao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)策使鬼(gui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書，制妖通靈(ling)(ling)(ling)五(wu)(wu)(wu)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印，五(wu)(wu)(wu)陰五(wu)(wu)(wu)陽(yang)遁元之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式，太(tai)一十(shi)精四神(shen)勝負握機之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖，五(wu)(wu)(wu)兵(bing)(bing)河圖策精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訣。復率諸侯再戰(zhan)(zhan)蚩(chi)尤于冀(ji)(ji)州(zhou)，蚩(chi)尤驅魑魅雜妖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陣，雨師(shi)風(feng)伯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)衛，應(ying)(ying)龍(long)(long)蓄(xu)水(shui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)征(zheng)於帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)畫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遂滅(mie)蚩(chi)尤于絕轡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野中冀(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉，分四冢以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)葬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由(you)是(shi)榆(yu)(yu)岡拒命(ming)(ming)，又誅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阪泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野，北逐塤齋(zhai)，大(da)(da)定(ding)四方(fang)。步四極凡(fan)二(er)(er)萬(wan)(wan)八千(qian)里(li)，乃鑄(zhu)鼎(ding)立九州(zhou)，置五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)九德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)觀(guan)天(tian)地，祠萬(wan)(wan)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)垂(chui)法設教(jiao)，然后(hou)采首山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銅鑄(zhu)鼎(ding)於荊(jing)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，黃龍(long)(long)來迎(ying)乘(cheng)龍(long)(long)升(sheng)天(tian)。