《越絕外(wai)傳記寶劍》第十三(san)
昔者,越王句踐有寶劍五,聞於天下。客有能相劍者,名薛燭。王召而問之,曰:「吾有寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)五,請(qing)以示之(zhi)(zhi)。」薛燭(zhu)對(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「愚理不足以言,大(da)王請(qing),不得(de)已(yi)。」乃召掌者(zhe),王使(shi)(shi)取毫(hao)曹(cao)。薛燭(zhu)對(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「毫(hao)曹(cao),非寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也。夫寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),五色并見(jian),莫能相勝(sheng)。毫(hao)曹(cao)已(yi)擅名矣(yi),非寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也。」王曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「取巨(ju)闕(que)。」薛燭(zhu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「非寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也。寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe),金(jin)(jin)錫和銅(tong)而(er)(er)不離。今巨(ju)闕(que)已(yi)離矣(yi),非寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也。」王曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「然巨(ju)闕(que)初(chu)成之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),吾(wu)坐於(wu)露壇之(zhi)(zhi)上,宮(gong)人有(you)四(si)駕白鹿而(er)(er)過者(zhe),車(che)奔鹿驚,吾(wu)引(yin)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)指(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi),四(si)駕上飛揚,不知其(qi)(qi)絕(jue)也。穿銅(tong)釜,絕(jue)鐵?,胥(xu)中決如(ru)(ru)(ru)粢米,故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)巨(ju)闕(que)。」王取純(chun)鈞(jun),薛燭(zhu)聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi),忽(hu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)敗。有(you)頃,懼如(ru)(ru)(ru)悟。下階而(er)(er)深惟(wei),簡衣而(er)(er)坐望之(zhi)(zhi)。手振拂(fu)揚,其(qi)(qi)華捽如(ru)(ru)(ru)芙(fu)蓉始出。觀(guan)(guan)其(qi)(qi)釽,爛如(ru)(ru)(ru)列星之(zhi)(zhi)行;觀(guan)(guan)其(qi)(qi)光,渾渾如(ru)(ru)(ru)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)溢(yi)於(wu)塘;觀(guan)(guan)其(qi)(qi)斷,巖(yan)巖(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)瑣石;觀(guan)(guan)其(qi)(qi)才,煥煥如(ru)(ru)(ru)冰釋。「此所(suo)謂(wei)純(chun)鈞(jun)耶(ye)?」王曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「是也。客有(you)直之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),有(you)市之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)二,駿馬千疋,千戶(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)都二,可(ke)(ke)乎?」薛燭(zhu)對(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「不可(ke)(ke)。當造此劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),赤(chi)堇之(zhi)(zhi)山,破而(er)(er)出錫;若(ruo)耶(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)溪,涸而(er)(er)出銅(tong);雨師(shi)(shi)掃灑,雷公(gong)擊(ji)橐;蛟龍捧鑪,天(tian)帝裝炭(tan);太一(yi)(yi)下觀(guan)(guan),天(tian)精下之(zhi)(zhi)。歐冶乃因天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)精神,悉其(qi)(qi)伎巧,造為大(da)刑三(san)、小刑二:一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)湛(zhan)盧,二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)純(chun)鈞(jun),三(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)勝(sheng)邪,四(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)魚(yu)(yu)腸,五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)巨(ju)闕(que)。吳(wu)王闔(he)(he)廬(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),得(de)其(qi)(qi)勝(sheng)邪、魚(yu)(yu)腸、湛(zhan)盧。闔(he)(he)廬(lu)無(wu)道(dao),子(zi)(zi)女(nv)死(si),殺生(sheng)以送之(zhi)(zhi)。湛(zhan)盧之(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),去之(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)水(shui),行秦(qin)過楚,楚王臥而(er)(er)寤,得(de)吳(wu)王湛(zhan)盧之(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),將首魁漂而(er)(er)存焉。秦(qin)王聞(wen)而(er)(er)求之(zhi)(zhi),不得(de),興師(shi)(shi)擊(ji)楚,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):『與我湛(zhan)盧之(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),還師(shi)(shi)去汝。』楚王不與。時(shi)闔(he)(he)廬(lu)又以魚(yu)(yu)腸之(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)刺吳(wu)王僚,使(shi)(shi)披腸夷之(zhi)(zhi)甲三(san)事。闔(he)(he)廬(lu)使(shi)(shi)專諸為奏炙魚(yu)(yu)者(zhe),引(yin)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)刺之(zhi)(zhi),遂弒(shi)王僚。此其(qi)(qi)小試於(wu)敵邦,未見(jian)其(qi)(qi)大(da)用於(wu)天(tian)下也。今赤(chi)堇之(zhi)(zhi)山已(yi)合,若(ruo)耶(ye)溪深而(er)(er)不測。群神不下,歐冶子(zi)(zi)即死(si)。雖(sui)復傾(qing)城量金(jin)(jin),珠玉竭河(he),猶(you)不能得(de)此一(yi)(yi)物,有(you)市之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)二、駿馬千疋、千戶(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)都二,何足言哉!
純鈞是一(yi)(yi)把尊貴無雙之(zhi)劍。春(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)期,一(yi)(yi)個風和(he)日麗的(de)午后(hou),經過數年(nian)臥薪(xin)嘗膽終于(yu)擊敗吳國的(de)越王(wang)勾踐,睡了一(yi)(yi)個甜(tian)美的(de)午覺醒了過來,心情非常(chang)舒(shu)暢。飲了一(yi)(yi)壺(hu)上(shang)好(hao)的(de)龍井(jing)新茶后(hou),勾踐興致勃勃地派手(shou)下(xia)去(qu)找一(yi)(yi)個人(ren)。這個人(ren)就是薛(xue)(xue)燭。薛(xue)(xue)燭是秦國人(ren),此時(shi)正在越國游歷。薛(xue)(xue)燭雖然年(nian)紀輕輕,但卻(que)已經名動(dong)列國,被(bei)人(ren)稱為天下(xia)第一(yi)(yi)相劍大(da)師。不大(da)一(yi)(yi)會兒(er),眉清目秀(xiu)文(wen)質彬彬的(de)薛(xue)(xue)燭就趕來了。賓主一(yi)(yi)番(fan)客(ke)套寒暄之(zhi)后(hou),就帶著隨(sui)從來到室(shi)外寬闊的(de)露臺(tai)之(zhi)上(shang)。
越(yue)王勾(gou)踐(jian)酷愛刀(dao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian),這個露臺高達數(shu)丈,氣勢舒張,光線充(chong)沛,專門用(yong)來看劍(jian)(jian)(jian)賞刀(dao)。落座(zuo)之后(hou),勾(gou)踐(jian)掃了(le)一眼(yan)身(shen)邊(bian)的(de)(de)薛(xue)(xue)燭(zhu),心想(xiang)這個年(nian)輕人雖然年(nian)紀輕輕但卻閱劍(jian)(jian)(jian)無數(shu),一般刀(dao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)肯定(ding)難入(ru)他的(de)(de)法眼(yan),于是,勾(gou)踐(jian)一開口就(jiu)叫手下取來了(le)自(zi)己頗為得意(yi)的(de)(de)寶劍(jian)(jian)(jian):毫曹(cao)(cao)。哪(na)知,薛(xue)(xue)燭(zhu)走馬觀(guan)花地看了(le)一遍,隨便地說了(le)一句:“這兩(liang)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)都(dou)有(you)缺(que)點,毫曹(cao)(cao)和(he)巨(ju)(ju)闕。哪(na)知,薛(xue)(xue)燭(zhu)對(dui)二者并無佳(jia)評:“這兩(liang)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)都(dou)有(you)缺(que)點,毫曹(cao)(cao)光華散淡,巨(ju)(ju)闕質地趨(qu)粗,不能算寶劍(jian)(jian)(jian)。”
勾(gou)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)頗感(gan)意(yi)外(wai),覺(jue)得(de)很沒(mei)面子(zi)(zi),他想了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)想,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)咬牙,俯在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)貼身(shen)侍(shi)從(cong)耳(er)邊吩咐(fu)了(le)幾句(ju),過(guo)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會兒,侍(shi)從(cong)率領幾百個(ge)鐵(tie)甲武(wu)士護(hu)送一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)把(ba)寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)來(lai)到(dao)(dao)臺(tai)下。薛(xue)燭(zhu)感(gan)到(dao)(dao)好(hao)笑,問(wen)道(dao):“大(da)王這(zhe)(zhe)么(me)興師(shi)動眾,拿來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)是什(shen)(shen)么(me)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)啊?”勾(gou)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)對薛(xue)燭(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)態度有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)絲(si)不快,他沒(mei)好(hao)氣地(di)(di)吐(tu)出(chu)(chu)了(le)兩(liang)個(ge)字:“純鈞”。只(zhi)聽見(jian)(jian)“咣啷”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲,薛(xue)燭(zhu)從(cong)座位上仰面摔倒,束發的(de)(de)(de)金釵掉在地(di)(di)上,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)(tou)長發披散下來(lai),面色突(tu)然(ran)凝住(zhu)、呆滯。好(hao)大(da)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會兒,才突(tu)然(ran)驚醒,只(zhi)見(jian)(jian)他腳尖點(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)幾個(ge)縱躍掠(lve)下臺(tai)階(jie),來(lai)到(dao)(dao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian),深(shen)(shen)深(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)躬,然(ran)后又表情肅然(ran)地(di)(di)整(zheng)理好(hao)自己的(de)(de)(de)衣服(fu),從(cong)侍(shi)者手中接(jie)過(guo)寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),小心(xin)翼翼地(di)(di)敲(qiao)了(le)幾敲(qiao)掂了(le)幾掂之后方才將劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)從(cong)鞘中緩(huan)(huan)緩(huan)(huan)拔出(chu)(chu)。只(zhi)見(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)團光(guang)華綻放(fang)而(er)出(chu)(chu)宛如出(chu)(chu)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)芙蓉雍(yong)容而(er)清冽,劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)柄上的(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)飾如星宿(su)運(yun)行閃(shan)出(chu)(chu)深(shen)(shen)邃的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)芒,劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)、陽(yang)光(guang)渾(hun)然(ran)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體象(xiang)清水(shui)漫過(guo)池塘從(cong)容而(er)舒緩(huan)(huan),而(er)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)刃就象(xiang)壁立千(qian)丈(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)斷崖崇高而(er)巍峨……過(guo)了(le)好(hao)久(jiu),薛(xue)燭(zhu)才用顫抖的(de)(de)(de)聲音問(wen)道(dao):“這(zhe)(zhe)就是純鈞嗎(ma)?!”勾(gou)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)點(dian)(dian)了(le)點(dian)(dian)頭(tou)(tou):“是,”他得(de)意(yi)地(di)(di)接(jie)著(zhu)說(shuo)道(dao):“有(you)人(ren)要(yao)用千(qian)匹駿馬(ma)三處富(fu)鄉(xiang)兩(liang)座大(da)城來(lai)換這(zhe)(zhe)把(ba)寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),你看(kan)行嗎(ma)?”薛(xue)燭(zhu)連(lian)忙(mang)說(shuo)道(dao):“不能換。”勾(gou)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)做作地(di)(di)皺了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下眉頭(tou)(tou)問(wen)道(dao):“為(wei)什(shen)(shen)么(me)?你說(shuo)說(shuo)道(dao)理。”薛(xue)燭(zhu)激動地(di)(di)大(da)聲對道(dao):“因為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是天(tian)(tian)人(ren)共鑄(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)不二之作。為(wei)鑄(zhu)這(zhe)(zhe)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),千(qian)年(nian)赤(chi)堇(jin)山山破(po)而(er)出(chu)(chu)錫,萬載若耶(ye)江江水(shui)干涸(he)而(er)出(chu)(chu)銅(tong)。鑄(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之時,雷(lei)公(gong)打鐵(tie),雨娘淋水(shui),蛟龍捧(peng)爐,天(tian)(tian)帝(di)裝炭。鑄(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)師(shi)歐冶子(zi)(zi)承天(tian)(tian)之命嘔(ou)心(xin)瀝(li)血與眾神鑄(zhu)磨十(shi)載此劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方成。劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成之后,眾神歸天(tian)(tian),赤(chi)堇(jin)山閉合如初(chu),若耶(ye)江波濤再起,歐冶子(zi)(zi)也力盡神竭(jie)而(er)亡,這(zhe)(zhe)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)已成絕唱,區區駿馬(ma)城池何(he)足(zu)道(dao)哉……”勾(gou)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)滿意(yi)地(di)(di)頻頻點(dian)(dian)頭(tou)(tou):“說(shuo)得(de)有(you)理,既是無價之寶(bao),我就永遠(yuan)把(ba)它珍(zhen)藏吧(ba)。
故事見(jian)于《越絕書》。
越王(wang)允常命歐冶子鑄造(zao)了五(wu)(wu)把寶劍(jian),歐冶乃因天之精(jing)神,悉其伎巧(qiao),造(zao)為(wei)大刑三(san)、小刑二:一(yi)曰湛盧,二曰純鈞,三(san)曰勝邪(xie),四曰魚腸,五(wu)(wu)曰巨(ju)闕。并稱越五(wu)(wu)劍(jian)。
1.圣道之劍:軒轅夏(xia)禹(yu)
2.仁道之劍(jian):湛盧
3.帝道之劍:赤霄
4.威道之劍:泰(tai)阿(a)
5.誠信之劍(jian):七星龍淵(yuan)
6/7.摯情之劍:干將/莫邪
8. 勇絕之劍(jian):魚腸
9.尊貴無雙之劍:純(chun)鈞
10.精致(zhi)優雅之劍:承影