董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian),字圣卿,馮翊云陽(yang)(今陜西涇陽(yang)西北(bei))人(ren)。父親董(dong)(dong)恭,擔任御史時,起用董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)擔任太(tai)子舍人(ren)。綏和二(er)年(前(qian)7年),漢哀(ai)帝劉欣即位,董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)隨之升任為(wei)郎官。
建(jian)平二年(前5年),董賢在殿下傳(chuan)奏時,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)因為(wei)人(ren)漂亮(liang)而沾(zhan)沾(zhan)自喜,漢哀(ai)帝望見后(hou),對他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的容貌(mao)很(hen)喜歡,記住而后(hou)問他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),說:“是舍人(ren)董賢嗎?”于是招他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)上前與他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)談話,升任(ren)黃門郎,由此開始受到(dao)寵幸。當問到(dao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的父親是云(yun)中侯董恭時,當日(ri)征召擔任(ren)霸陵縣(xian)令,升為(wei)光(guang)祿大夫。董賢得(de)寵日(ri)甚,擔任(ren)駙馬(ma)都尉、侍中,漢哀(ai)帝出(chu)則(ze)陪同乘車,入則(ze)隨侍左(zuo)右,一(yi)月之內所(suo)得(de)賞賜總共(gong)達一(yi)萬萬錢,其富貴(gui)震動(dong)朝廷。
董賢性情(qing)柔(rou)和(he)喜歡逢迎漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)(di),他會用諂媚來鞏固自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)地位。漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)(di)每次給(gei)他休息日(ri),他都(dou)不肯(ken)出去,常(chang)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)宮(gong)中服侍漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)(di)。漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)(di)認為董賢難以(yi)回家,于是下詔(zhao)讓董賢的(de)(de)(de)妻子能夠直(zhi)接進到宮(gong)殿中,住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)殿中董賢的(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)處,像長吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)妻子能夠住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)官舍一樣。又召來董賢的(de)(de)(de)妹妹讓她做了昭儀(yi),地位僅次于皇(huang)后,把她的(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)舍改(gai)名為椒(jiao)風,來與(yu)皇(huang)后的(de)(de)(de)椒(jiao)房相配。
董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)從早到(dao)(dao)晚侍立(li)漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)左右,漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)賞(shang)(shang)賜(si)董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)也各以千萬來計算。漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)升任(ren)(ren)董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)父親董(dong)(dong)恭擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)少府,賜(si)爵關內侯收其賦(fu)稅而(er)食(shi),后又遷徙擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)衛尉。漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)又讓董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)岳父擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)將(jiang)作(zuo)大(da)匠,董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)內弟擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)執金(jin)(jin)吾。漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)下(xia)詔令將(jiang)作(zuo)大(da)匠替董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)在北闕下(xia)建造大(da)房屋,其有前后殿并(bing)且門門相對,建筑極盡精(jing)巧華麗。董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)以下(xia)到(dao)(dao)董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)家的(de)(de)(de)仆人都受到(dao)(dao)漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)賞(shang)(shang)賜(si),賞(shang)(shang)及(ji)武庫兵器、上方珍(zhen)寶。選取(qu)物用時(shi),上等的(de)(de)(de)盡由董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian),而(er)乘車所穿的(de)(de)(de)衣服,其級別僅次于皇(huang)帝(di)。直到(dao)(dao)棺梓、由黃金(jin)(jin)連縫(feng)珠(zhu)寶而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)珠(zhu)襦、由黃金(jin)(jin)連縫(feng)玉(yu)塊而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)柙,準備(bei)將(jiang)它(ta)們賞(shang)(shang)賜(si)給董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de),沒(mei)有不(bu)齊備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)。漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)又讓將(jiang)作(zuo)大(da)匠為董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)在義(yi)陵(ling)旁建造墳塋(ying),內有小(xiao)室用堅剛之柏向內致累(lei)而(er)成(cheng),外為巡行警戒(jie)之道,周圍幾里,門闕以及(ji)門外之屏很多。
建平(ping)(ping)四年(前3年)三(san)月,漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)想(xiang)給(gei)董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)封侯(hou)但沒(mei)有緣由。正好待詔孫(sun)寵、息(xi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)躬(gong)等控告東(dong)(dong)平(ping)(ping)王(wang)(wang)劉云的(de)妻(qi)子伍謁在祭祀(si)時(shi)訴于(yu)鬼神,使其降(jiang)禍(huo)于(yu)所(suo)憎惡(e)之人(ren),漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)把這(zhe)事(shi)委付給(gei)有關(guan)部門處理,都認(ren)了罪。漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)這(zhe)時(shi)命令孫(sun)寵、息(xi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)躬(gong)通(tong)過董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)控告東(dong)(dong)平(ping)(ping)王(wang)(wang)這(zhe)件事(shi)的(de),就因其功勞下(xia)詔封董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)為(wei)高安侯(hou),息(xi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)躬(gong)為(wei)宜陵侯(hou),孫(sun)寵為(wei)方陽(yang)侯(hou),食邑各一(yi)千戶(hu)。不久,又增封董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)二(er)千戶(hu)。丞相王(wang)(wang)嘉心里懷疑東(dong)(dong)平(ping)(ping)王(wang)(wang)一(yi)事(shi)冤(yuan)枉,非常討厭(yan)息(xi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)躬(gong)等人(ren),并(bing)多次力諫漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di),認(ren)為(wei)董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)擾亂(luan)了國家(jia)制度(du),王(wang)(wang)嘉最后因談論此事(shi)下(xia)獄(yu)而死。八月,漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)派中黃門到武庫拿兵器,前后十次,送(song)到董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)的(de)住所(suo)。
漢(han)(han)哀(ai)帝剛(gang)剛(gang)即位時,其祖母(mu)傅太(tai)后(hou)、母(mu)親丁(ding)太(tai)后(hou)都還活著,傅、丁(ding)兩家先富貴(gui)起來。傅太(tai)后(hou)的堂弟傅喜最初擔任大司(si)馬輔(fu)政(zheng),多次勸(quan)諫漢(han)(han)哀(ai)帝,違(wei)背傅太(tai)后(hou)的意圖(tu),而被免(mian)官(guan)。漢(han)(han)哀(ai)帝的舅舅丁(ding)明代任大司(si)馬,也很(hen)稱職,但很(hen)忌妒董賢受寵。
元(yuan)壽元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(前2年(nian)(nian))三(san)月(yue),丞(cheng)相王嘉因(yin)罪被(bei)殺,丁(ding)(ding)(ding)明(ming)(ming)非常(chang)同(tong)情他(ta)(ta)。漢(han)哀(ai)帝更加器(qi)重董(dong)賢(xian),想給予(yu)他(ta)(ta)最高職位,但丁(ding)(ding)(ding)明(ming)(ming)不滿意,于是以詔(zhao)令的形式數落了丁(ding)(ding)(ding)明(ming)(ming)的罪狀,將(jiang)其免官(guan)讓其回家(jia)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)十二(er)月(yue)初六日,漢(han)哀(ai)帝讓董(dong)賢(xian)代替(ti)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)明(ming)(ming)擔(dan)任大司馬(ma)、衛將(jiang)軍。當時董(dong)賢(xian)年(nian)(nian)齡為(wei)(wei)二(er)十二(er)歲,雖為(wei)(wei)三(san)公,但常(chang)在(zai)(zai)殿中執事,掌(zhang)管尚書(shu),百官(guan)靠(kao)董(dong)賢(xian)向漢(han)哀(ai)帝奏(zou)事。董(dong)賢(xian)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)的父親董(dong)恭不應處在(zai)(zai)卿(qing)位,于是調任光(guang)祿(lu)大夫,俸祿(lu)為(wei)(wei)中二(er)千石。董(dong)賢(xian)的弟弟董(dong)寬信(xin)代替(ti)董(dong)賢(xian)擔(dan)任駙馬(ma)都尉。董(dong)氏親屬(shu)都以侍中諸曹的身份奉朝(chao)請,他(ta)(ta)們所得漢(han)哀(ai)帝的寵愛在(zai)(zai)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)、傅(fu)兩家(jia)之上。
元壽二年(nian)(nian)(前1年(nian)(nian))正月(yue),匈奴單于(yu)來朝,漢哀(ai)帝賜宴時召見(jian)使者,群臣在前面。匈奴單于(yu)對于(yu)董賢年(nian)(nian)輕感到(dao)驚疑,于(yu)是詢問(wen)翻譯,漢哀(ai)帝令翻譯回答(da)說:“大司馬年(nian)(nian)輕,因非常有賢能擔任(ren)官職。”匈奴單于(yu)于(yu)是起身拜(bai)見(jian),恭賀漢朝獲得(de)賢臣。
起初,丞相(xiang)孔(kong)光(guang)(guang)擔(dan)任(ren)御(yu)史大(da)夫(fu),當時董(dong)(dong)賢的(de)(de)父親董(dong)(dong)恭(gong)擔(dan)任(ren)御(yu)史,侍(shi)(shi)奉孔(kong)光(guang)(guang)。到元壽二年(前1年)五(wu)月初二日(ri),朝廷正式(shi)確定三公官名和各自的(de)(de)分工(gong)職(zhi)掌。任(ren)命(ming)董(dong)(dong)賢為大(da)司馬;丞相(xiang)孔(kong)光(guang)(guang)為大(da)司徒(tu);彭宣為大(da)司空,封長平侯。漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)(di)有(you)意讓(rang)董(dong)(dong)賢暗中(zhong)超過孔(kong)光(guang)(guang)。孔(kong)光(guang)(guang)極其恭(gong)謹(jin),知道漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)(di)想使董(dong)(dong)賢受到別(bie)人(ren)尊寵,到聽說董(dong)(dong)賢快來(lai)時,孔(kong)光(guang)(guang)穿好衣服戴好帽子(zi)出門(men)等(deng)待,在遠處望(wang)見董(dong)(dong)賢的(de)(de)車子(zi)就退進去。董(dong)(dong)賢到達中(zhong)門(men),孔(kong)光(guang)(guang)又進入門(men)旁小屋,董(dong)(dong)賢下車之后,孔(kong)光(guang)(guang)就出來(lai)拜請他,送迎(ying)非常(chang)(chang)謹(jin)慎,不敢(gan)以(yi)接待同等(deng)地位的(de)(de)人(ren)的(de)(de)禮節(jie)接待他。董(dong)(dong)賢回去后,漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)(di)聽說這件事后很高興,立即提拔孔(kong)光(guang)(guang)兩個哥(ge)哥(ge)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)擔(dan)任(ren)諫大(da)夫(fu)常(chang)(chang)侍(shi)(shi)。董(dong)(dong)賢從此擁(yong)有(you)的(de)(de)權力(li)與皇帝(di)(di)相(xiang)等(deng)。
當(dang)(dang)時(shi),漢(han)(han)成(cheng)帝(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外戚王氏家(jia)(jia)道衰落,只有平阿侯王譚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子王去疾,在(zai)(zai)漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)為太子時(shi)擔(dan)任(ren)庶(shu)子得(de)到(dao)(dao)寵幸(xing),到(dao)(dao)漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)即位(wei)(wei)后,擔(dan)任(ren)侍中騎都(dou)(dou)(dou)尉。漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)上(shang)認為王氏沒(mei)有高(gao)(gao)居官位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人,于是因(yin)舊(jiu)(jiu)恩親(qin)近王去疾,又提拔他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弟(di)弟(di)王閎擔(dan)任(ren)中常侍。王閎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)岳父(fu)(fu)(fu)蕭咸(xian),是前任(ren)將(jiang)軍蕭望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子,長久擔(dan)任(ren)郡守,因(yin)患病(bing)被免(mian),擔(dan)任(ren)中郎將(jiang)。蕭咸(xian)、蕭育(yu)兄弟(di)并(bing)在(zai)(zai)朝(chao)廷,董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)董(dong)(dong)(dong)恭很羨慕他們,想與他們結為親(qin)家(jia)(jia)。王閎替董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弟(di)弟(di)駙(fu)馬(ma)都(dou)(dou)(dou)尉董(dong)(dong)(dong)寬信求娶蕭咸(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)女兒(er)為妻,蕭咸(xian)惶恐(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢當(dang)(dang),暗中對王閎說(shuo):“董(dong)(dong)(dong)公為大司馬(ma),皇上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冊文(wen)說(shuo)‘在(zai)(zai)朝(chao)中掌事誠(cheng)信’,這(zhe)乃是堯禪(chan)位(wei)(wei)給舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是三公舊(jiu)(jiu)制,年長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人見到(dao)(dao)這(zhe),沒(mei)有誰不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)害怕(pa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)難道是我(wo)家(jia)(jia)女兒(er)所(suo)(suo)能(neng)承(cheng)受得(de)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嗎?”王閎秉性有智(zhi)略,聽了(le)蕭咸(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua),內心里也明白了(le)。于是回(hui)去告(gao)訴董(dong)(dong)(dong)恭,巧妙地(di)表達了(le)蕭咸(xian)自我(wo)謙虛不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢高(gao)(gao)攀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思。董(dong)(dong)(dong)恭嘆息說(shuo):“我(wo)家(jia)(jia)因(yin)什么對不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,而被人所(suo)(suo)害怕(pa)到(dao)(dao)這(zhe)種程(cheng)度!”心里不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)興(xing)。后來漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)在(zai)(zai)麟(lin)麒(qi)殿擺酒(jiu)(jiu)宴,與董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)父(fu)(fu)(fu)子及親(qin)屬聚飲,王閎兄弟(di)侍中、中常侍都(dou)(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)旁侍候。漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)有一些酒(jiu)(jiu)意(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慌不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忙(mang)地(di)看著董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)而笑,說(shuo)道:“我(wo)想效(xiao)法(fa)堯禪(chan)位(wei)(wei)舜,怎么樣?”王閎進言道:“天(tian)下(xia)(xia)是高(gao)(gao)皇帝(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)下(xia)(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)繼承(cheng)帝(di)系,應(ying)當(dang)(dang)傳(chuan)位(wei)(wei)給子孫(sun)直到(dao)(dao)無(wu)窮。世代相(xiang)傳(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大事至關重要(yao),皇上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)隨口說(shuo)!”漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)默然不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)興(xing),左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人都(dou)(dou)(dou)害怕(pa)。于是把王閎趕(gan)出去,以后不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)再侍宴。
元壽二年(前1年)六月二十(shi)六日,漢哀(ai)帝(di)(di)駕崩。太(tai)皇太(tai)后王(wang)政(zheng)君召來大司(si)馬董賢(xian)(xian)(xian),在東廂接見,問他如何(he)安排(pai)喪事。董賢(xian)(xian)(xian)內心擔憂發愁,回答不(bu)(bu)出(chu),免冠(guan)道歉。王(wang)政(zheng)君說:“新都侯王(wang)莽(mang)以前以大司(si)馬的身(shen)份處理過先帝(di)(di)喪事,知曉舊例,我(wo)令王(wang)莽(mang)幫助你(ni)。”董賢(xian)(xian)(xian)叩頭以示自己(ji)受到很大寵(chong)幸。王(wang)政(zheng)君派遣(qian)使(shi)者召見王(wang)莽(mang)。王(wang)莽(mang)到達(da)后,借助太(tai)皇太(tai)后指使(shi)尚書(shu)彈劾董賢(xian)(xian)(xian)在漢哀(ai)帝(di)(di)臥病時不(bu)(bu)親侍醫藥,禁止董賢(xian)(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)得出(chu)入殿中司(si)馬府大門。董賢(xian)(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)知為何(he),到殿庭摘帽赤腳步行謝(xie)罪。
六月二十(shi)七日,王莽(mang)派謁者以太皇(huang)太后詔(zhao)書的(de)名義(yi)就在宮殿(dian)下給董(dong)賢下詔(zhao)說:“自從(cong)董(dong)賢入宮以來,陰陽不(bu)調,災害并(bing)至,平民遭罪。三公(gong),是皇(huang)上最重要的(de)輔(fu)臣,高安(an)侯董(dong)賢不(bu)懂得事物道理,擔任(ren)大(da)司(si)馬(ma)不(bu)能(neng)令眾人滿意,不(bu)能(neng)用來擊敗敵人安(an)撫邊遠(yuan)地方。收回(hui)大(da)司(si)馬(ma)印綬,令董(dong)賢罷官(guan)回(hui)家。”
當日董(dong)賢(xian)與(yu)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)妻子(zi)都(dou)自殺(sha),他們家里的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)非常(chang)害怕就在夜晚(wan)埋(mai)(mai)葬了。王(wang)莽懷疑(yi)他假裝(zhuang)稱死,有(you)司(si)奏請(qing)打開(kai)董(dong)賢(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)棺(guan)材(cai),前(qian)去(qu)驗看。王(wang)莽又暗(an)示大司(si)徒孔光上奏:“董(dong)賢(xian)生性(xing)善于(yu)(yu)諂媚,與(yu)邪惡(e)不(bu)(bu)正之人(ren)相勾結來獲取封侯,父(fu)(fu)子(zi)把持(chi)朝政,兄(xiong)弟(di)并(bing)受寵愛,過多地接受賞賜,大規模建造住宅,建筑墳塋(ying),仿效君王(wang)沒有(you)節度(du),與(yu)皇上的(de)(de)(de)(de)陵墓無異,其(qi)費用以(yi)(yi)萬萬錢來計算,國家因此空虛(xu)。父(fu)(fu)子(zi)傲慢不(bu)(bu)順,直到(dao)不(bu)(bu)敬皇上派遣的(de)(de)(de)(de)使者,接受賞賜不(bu)(bu)跪拜,罪惡(e)非常(chang)明(ming)顯。董(dong)賢(xian)自殺(sha)認罪,死后(hou)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)親(qin)董(dong)恭(gong)以(yi)(yi)及其(qi)他人(ren)不(bu)(bu)悔過,并(bing)且又在棺(guan)材(cai)涂上朱(zhu)砂,并(bing)雕畫以(yi)(yi)四(si)季之色,左邊是(shi)蒼龍,右(you)邊是(shi)白虎,上邊附著金銀日月,用玉衣珠(zhu)璧裝(zhuang)殮,其(qi)至(zhi)尊(zun)無以(yi)(yi)復加。董(dong)恭(gong)等(deng)人(ren)僥幸(xing)免于(yu)(yu)誅殺(sha),不(bu)(bu)應該(gai)在朝廷(ting)(ting)。我(wo)請(qing)求將其(qi)財物沒收納于(yu)(yu)朝廷(ting)(ting)。所有(you)靠(kao)董(dong)賢(xian)擔任官職的(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)予免官。”董(dong)賢(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)親(qin)董(dong)恭(gong)、弟(di)弟(di)董(dong)寬(kuan)信(xin)與(yu)家屬遷到(dao)合浦,董(dong)賢(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)母親(qin)回到(dao)故鄉巨鹿。朝廷(ting)(ting)賣掉董(dong)氏(shi)財產總共有(you)四(si)十三萬萬錢。董(dong)賢(xian)被開(kai)棺(guan)后(hou),露現其(qi)尸進行檢驗,然后(hou)才埋(mai)(mai)在墓中(zhong)。董(dong)賢(xian)所重待的(de)(de)(de)(de)官吏沛國人(ren)朱(zhu)詡自我(wo)劾奏離(li)開(kai)大司(si)馬(ma)府,購(gou)買(mai)棺(guan)材(cai)衣服收拾董(dong)賢(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尸體(ti)而埋(mai)(mai)葬了他。
唐(tang)·楊衡《舞曲歌辭·白纻辭二首》
唐·岑(cen)參(can)《醉后戲(xi)與趙歌兒》
元(yuan)·楊維楨《吳農謠》
劉(liu)欣(xin):大司馬年少,以大賢居(ju)位。
孔光:賢質性巧佞(ning),翼奸以獲(huo)封侯,父子(zi)專朝,兄弟并寵,多受賞賜,治第宅,造冢壙,放效無(wu)極,不(bu)異王制,費以萬萬計(ji),國(guo)家為(wei)空虛。父子(zi)驕蹇(jian),至不(bu)為(wei)使者禮。
班固:①賢(xian)亦性(xing)柔和便辟,善(shan)為(wei)(wei)媚(mei)以自固。②董賢(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)寵尤盛,父子(zi)并為(wei)(wei)公(gong)卿,可(ke)謂貴(gui)重人臣無二矣。然進不(bu)(bu)由道,位過其任,莫能有終(zhong),所謂愛之(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)足(zu)以害之(zhi)(zhi)者也(ye)。③高安侯賢(xian)未更事理(li),為(wei)(wei)大司(si)馬不(bu)(bu)合眾心(xin),非所以折沖綏遠也(ye)。
丁耀亢:敝冠不加于足,屨新(xin)不加于頂,上下之(zhi)殊分也。賢(xian)以(yi)倡優(you)弄(nong)臣,僭位(wei)元僚,終(zhong)自夷滅(mie)。使賢(xian)得為老丑庸鈍之(zhi)人,以(yi)斯役終(zhong),不亦善乎!非其器而盈之(zhi),求毀(hui)之(zhi)道也。吾于賢(xian)何罪焉。
蔡東(dong)藩:董賢則以(yi)色見幸,且舉妻妹而并進之(zhi),無惑乎(hu)其得君(jun)益甚,受寵益隆也(ye)!