太原古縣城(cheng)位于(yu)太原市(shi)晉源區(qu),始建(jian)于(yu)明洪武八年(nian)(公元1375年(nian)),占地面(mian)積(ji)約0.8平(ping)方公里。城(cheng)內(nei)歷史建(jian)筑遺存眾(zhong)多,十字(zi)街(jie)格(ge)局(ju)清晰,街(jie)巷肌理(li)完善,沿襲了晉陽(yang)古城(cheng)“城(cheng)池鳳(feng)翔余”的古老建(jian)筑格(ge)局(ju),猶如一只頭(tou)北尾南的鳳(feng)凰(huang)(huang),自古就有“鳳(feng)凰(huang)(huang)城(cheng)”的美譽,是2500年(nian)晉陽(yang)古城(cheng)文脈的延續(xu)。
太原(yuan)古縣城(cheng)占(zhan)地面(mian)積0.8平方(fang)公里,東(dong)(dong)西長(chang)約1120米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北寬(kuan)約670-740米(mi)(mi)。長(chang)墻(qiang)(qiang)總長(chang)3732米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)底座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)寬(kuan)13米(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)口(kou)外寬(kuan)9.28米(mi)(mi)、上(shang)(shang)口(kou)內寬(kuan)8米(mi)(mi)。外墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)13米(mi)(mi),內墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)12米(mi)(mi)。有城(cheng)樓4座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),角樓4座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),望樓37座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),官翅敵樓1座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),東(dong)(dong)南(nan)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)(shang)還(huan)有八角魁星閣1座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),由豆(dou)青色砂巖石(shi)條組成,內填夯(hang)土外包(bao)青磚,外圍有護城(cheng)河環繞(rao),形(xing)成了(le)(le)一(yi)個完備的(de)軍(jun)事防御系統(tong)。城(cheng)內地勢西高(gao)東(dong)(dong)低(di),北高(gao)南(nan)低(di),天然落差13米(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)南(nan)角較低(di)洼地帶(dai)自然形(xing)成了(le)(le)一(yi)個泉(quan)水湖泊---金牛(niu)湖。太原(yuan)古縣城(cheng)分(fen)設四門(men)(men)(men)(men)---北門(men)(men)(men)(men)、東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、西門(men)(men)(men)(men)、南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men),北門(men)(men)(men)(men)外曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“奉宣(xuan)”、內曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“德(de)化(hua)”,南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“進賢”,東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“觀瀾(lan)”,西門(men)(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“望翠”;四門(men)(men)(men)(men)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e)反(fan)映的(de)都(dou)是縣城(cheng)山川水秀,自然風光(guang)。
太(tai)原古(gu)縣(xian)城十(shi)字(zi)街是古(gu)縣(xian)城較為(wei)寬敞的街道(dao)。東(dong)、西、南(nan)(nan)、北四條(tiao)大(da)街在縣(xian)城中(zhong)心相交,東(dong)西長約1100多米,南(nan)(nan)北寬約700米,有院落173個、店鋪(pu)255家,涵蓋10種業態。南(nan)(nan)街以非(fei)遺(yi)文創、博(bo)物(wu)館、展館為(wei)主,北街主要是山西的特(te)(te)色(se)小吃,東(dong)街是文廟、進士第、縣(xian)衙(ya)等(deng)(deng)歷史文化景點,西街則(ze)以休閑、休憩為(wei)主。整個十(shi)字(zi)街,融匯了(le)生(sheng)活配套、非(fei)遺(yi)文創、餐飲美食、特(te)(te)色(se)零售、酒店民宿等(deng)(deng)功能。2022年10月,太(tai)原古(gu)縣(xian)城十(shi)字(zi)街入選(xuan)山西省(sheng)省(sheng)級步行街。
太(tai)原縣衙(ya)衙(ya)門位于(yu)(yu)古縣城十字街(jie)東路(lu)北(bei),南向(xiang);占地(di)面積(ji)約35700平方(fang)(fang)米,縣衙(ya)是封建(jian)社會地(di)方(fang)(fang)行政長(chang)官形(xing)式職權(quan)場所,也是縣官及(ji)吏員(yuan)、差役辦理公務之處,是地(di)方(fang)(fang)權(quan)力(li)的象征。始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)明初,其后(hou)歷任多(duo)有增修(xiu)。
布政(zheng)分司位(wei)于縣(xian)城(cheng)東(dong)街(jie)東(dong)端路北,南(nan)向;明初,全國各行省(sheng)改(gai)為(wei)承(cheng)宣布政(zheng)使(shi)司、按察使(shi)司、都指揮(hui)使(shi)司,形成(cheng)3個各行其職互(hu)不(bu)統屬的地方政(zheng)權機構,合(he)稱“三司”。布政(zheng)司以下設府、州、縣(xian)建置,布政(zheng)分司,掌管(guan)太(tai)原縣(xian)的民政(zheng)、財政(zheng)、和人(ren)事。其布局(ju)為(wei)重疊(die)院落,有廳(ting)、堂、樓、閣等許(xu)多建筑。
玉(yu)帝廟(miao),區級文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)。坐(zuo)北朝南,據說(shuo)此廟(miao)建(jian)于明嘉靖至(zhi)清(qing)道光(guang)年間,現(xian)存主體結構為(wei)清(qing)代建(jian)筑(zhu),是供奉玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang)大帝的廟(miao)道教宇。如今(jin)的玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang)廟(miao)由東西(xi)兩組院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)(luo)組成。東組院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)(luo)為(wei)進(jin)眾日常(chang)生活區,包括東花園、廚院(yuan)(yuan)、道院(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)筑(zhu)群。西(xi)組院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)(luo)為(wei)玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang)廟(miao)主院(yuan)(yuan)。整個廟(miao)宇呈(cheng)長(chang)方形(xing),主院(yuan)(yuan)講究中軸對稱(cheng),一進(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)(yao)是修建(jian)的院(yuan)(yuan)子,二進(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)廟(miao)院(yuan)(yuan),主要(yao)(yao)有(you)戲(xi)臺(tai)、地(di)藏殿(dian)、十二辰殿(dian)、十三曜星殿(dian)、獻殿(dian)、玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang)殿(dian)、魯班(ban)殿(dian)、藥王殿(dian)等組成。
太原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)城文廟位于縣(xian)城東(dong)街中(zhong)段(duan)路北,南向;明朝修建(jian),此(ci)后歷(li)經增補修繕。文廟歷(li)來(lai)是縣(xian)學所在,直(zhi)至清光(guang)緒末(mo)年(nian)廢除科(ke)舉后,縣(xian)學才停,此(ci)次修復也(ye)是在原(yuan)(yuan)有縣(xian)志地(di)方志等基礎上恢復了縣(xian)城文廟的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)貌。保留了文廟里的(de)歷(li)史建(jian)筑。
太原縣關帝廟,位(wei)于縣城北街中段路西,東(dong)向。創建于明嘉(jia)靖以(yi)(yi)前(qian)。這里供(gong)奉著以(yi)(yi)“忠、孝、節、義(yi)”著稱的(de)武圣關羽。抗日(ri)戰爭初期,前(qian)院(yuan)正殿之南(nan)小院(yuan),曾是抗日(ri)統一戰線組織(zhi)---山西省救國同盟會太原縣分(fen)會會址(zhi)。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)位于(yu)太(tai)原古(gu)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南街之(zhi)東的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)街,左有奶奶廟(miao),右為梁公祠,其廟(miao)南向。在(zai)太(tai)原縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)舊(jiu)日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)風俗(su)中(zhong),把城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神(shen)當做城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)守(shou)護神(shen),原太(tai)原縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)里的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)占地(di)規(gui)模(mo)較(jiao)大,約(yue)28000平方米。可見(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺在(zai)民眾中(zhong)有很高的(de)(de)(de)威望(wang)和(he)信仰程度。據說(shuo)太(tai)原縣(xian)知縣(xian)到(dao)任時,首先要到(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)祭供和(he)夜(ye)宿,以得到(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)護佑(you),然后才(cai)回(hui)縣(xian)衙辦(ban)公。每年(nian)春節一早,要到(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)去燒頭香。
東岳祠,市(shi)級(ji)文物保(bao)護單(dan)位,俗(su)稱東岳廟(miao),又(you)名“泰山廟(miao)”,主要供奉“東岳泰山之神”,歷代帝王多加以封(feng)號。東岳祠建于(yu)明初,有山門、樂樓、鐘鼓二樓、正(zheng)殿、東西廂(xiang)房,每年三月二十八當地老百姓都會(hui)來這里祭祀。
西面院(yuan)供奉泰山奶奶,又稱(cheng)“碧(bi)霞元君(jun)”,傳說為東岳大帝的(de)女兒,父女倆(lia)都居泰山,民間(jian)也(ye)親切的(de)稱(cheng)呼她為送子娘娘。
隆恩寺,又(you)名西寺,隆恩寺創建(jian)于清道光之前(qian)(qian),是(shi)一所佛教建(jian)筑(zhu)。分為前(qian)(qian)后兩個院(yuan)落。山(shan)門(men)(men),是(shi)寺院(yuan)的(de)正門(men)(men)。一般寺院(yuan)都有(you)三個門(men)(men),所以又(you)稱"三門(men)(men)"。象(xiang)征“三解脫(tuo)門(men)(men)”,即“空(kong)門(men)(men)”、“無相門(men)(men)”、“無作門(men)(men)”。這里(li)的(de)山(shan)門(men)(men)有(you)磚雕頭拱(gong)、仿瓦(wa)頂鋪設、云(yun)形圖案裝飾(shi)頗(po)具(ju)特色。前(qian)(qian)院(yuan)內東建(jian)鐘(zhong)樓、西建(jian)鼓樓,講求的(de)是(shi)晨鐘(zhong)暮鼓。
王(wang)(wang)瓊(qiong)府(fu)位于縣(xian)(xian)城東(dong)街路南,東(dong)西寬約130米,南北深(shen)約120米。占(zhan)地面積約15600平方(fang)(fang)米。王(wang)(wang)瓊(qiong)是(shi)明代太原縣(xian)(xian)人(ren),歷任成化(hua)、弘治、正(zheng)德、嘉(jia)靖4朝,官職戶部、兵(bing)部、吏部尚書(shu),為明代“三重臣”之一。王(wang)(wang)瓊(qiong)府(fu)宅(zhai)(zhai)由(you)其父永亨、伯父永壽(shou)始(shi)建(jian)(jian),王(wang)(wang)瓊(qiong)顯赫之后又擴建(jian)(jian)。該府(fu)宅(zhai)(zhai)系由(you)主院和(he)數座偏院以及花園組(zu)成,亭、臺、樓、閣、橋、榭、假山、魚池、奇花異木應(ying)有盡有,縣(xian)(xian)城罕有其匹敵者。嘉(jia)靖七年,皇帝(di)御書(shu)“方(fang)(fang)岳重寄”匾(bian),賜(si)送太原縣(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)府(fu)懸(xuan)掛。
記載魁星樓(lou)在城上東南隅,六角形,崇三丈(zhang),此次(ci)重修也是(shi)恢復魁星樓(lou)原始建筑面貌,登樓(lou)奪魁,《漢書(shu)》記載:魁星是(shi)古代神(shen)話傳說(shuo)中的“神(shen)”,主(zhu)宰文運。魁星樓(lou)是(shi)古代村莊里供(gong)奉(feng)魁星的圣地(di),讀書(shu)人在魁星樓(lou)拜魁星。所謂(wei)“魁星點狀元”,就(jiu)是(shi)如此。
基督教堂是(shi)基督教徒集會以及宣(xuan)揚教義的地(di)方(fang),據載,也被稱(cheng)為(wei)太原縣(xian)福音堂,民(min)國二年(1913)由挪威教士達亞拿成(cheng)立福音堂。民(min)國九(jiu)年(1919),牧師聶爾德與信(xin)徒葛(ge)秉祿、郝鳳(feng)鳴在古(gu)城租(zu)房三(san)(san)間建立恩神召會典福音堂。由于信(xin)教者逐漸增多(duo),便在縣(xian)城南街(jie)朱(zhu)家巷購置房產一所,空地(di)三(san)(san)二八畝,修建房屋(wu)三(san)(san)十二間分(fen)前、中、后三(san)(san)院,西洋式(shi)風格。
金牛湖公(gong)園位于太原(yuan)縣城東南(nan)角,公(gong)園用地面積約48000平方米(mi)。景觀(guan)包括公(gong)園綠化、景觀(guan)橋梁、園路場地鋪裝及配套工程等(deng),金牛湖公(gong)園景觀(guan)有:仿古建筑、掬月(yue)小院(yuan)區、輕舟泊影區、金牛博物館區、金牛泉區、等(deng)眾仿古建筑群,以及相(xiang)關牌樓(lou)、亭(ting)、廊、軒、橋等(deng)單體建筑,建筑風貌具有明清風格,優雅別(bie)致,為市民營(ying)造愉悅身心的好去處(chu)。
免(mian)(mian)費入(ru)(ru)城:太原(yuan)古縣(xian)城景區實行雙免(mian)(mian)政策,免(mian)(mian)費入(ru)(ru)城,注冊會員免(mian)(mian)預約。
太原古縣城緊鄰新晉(jin)祠路,距離古城營高(gao)速口4.6公里(li),羅城高(gao)速口5.3公里(li),晉(jin)祠高(gao)速口6公里(li),機場20公里(li),高(gao)鐵南站22公里(li)。擁有停(ting)車(che)位約(yue)6000個,交(jiao)通(tong)便利。
太(tai)原(yuan)公交856、804、905、301、317、79、908、311、318、804支等公交經過新晉(jin)祠路(lu)在晉(jin)源站下車可直達太(tai)原(yuan)古(gu)縣城。
從各交(jiao)通樞紐出發(fa)可乘坐的公(gong)交(jiao)線路:
太(tai)原火車(che)站(zhan):乘坐(zuo)856路(lu)或804路(lu)在(zai)晉源站(zhan)下車(che)。
太原南站:乘坐79路在晉源(yuan)站下車。
下元(yuan)公交樞紐:乘坐905路在晉源站下車。
太原汽車客運西站(zhan):乘坐72路在南中環(huan)新(xin)晉(jin)祠路口站(zhan)換乘905路、856路或804路在晉(jin)源站(zhan)下車。
太原古(gu)(gu)縣(xian)城位于太原市(shi)晉(jin)源(yuan)區(qu),是全國唯(wei)一坐落在省會城市(shi)中心區(qu)半小時生活圈內的古(gu)(gu)城類文(wen)(wen)化旅游項目,與晉(jin)祠(ci)、天龍(long)山、龍(long)山、蒙(meng)山、晉(jin)陽(yang)湖(hu)等景區(qu)連成一片,形成一個晉(jin)陽(yang)文(wen)(wen)化旅游系列,同時,發展具(ju)有休閑(xian)觀賞、民(min)俗風情(qing)、游客參與等于一體(ti)的綜合性文(wen)(wen)化旅游。
公(gong)元前497年,晉(jin)國公(gong)卿趙(zhao)簡子(zi)的家臣董安于在西依懸甕山(shan)、東(dong)臨(lin)汾河地帶據險筑城(cheng),因(yin)在晉(jin)水之(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang),取名(ming)晉(jin)陽(yang),為晉(jin)陽(yang)建城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)始。公(gong)元前453年,趙(zhao)、韓、魏(wei)三家分(fen)晉(jin),"春秋五霸"之(zhi)(zhi)一晉(jin)國解體,晉(jin)陽(yang)成為"戰國七雄"之(zhi)(zhi)一趙(zhao)國的都城(cheng),山(shan)西始有"三晉(jin)"之(zhi)(zhi)稱。
據《晉陽(yang)古城勘察記》載(zai),1961年考古工作(zuo)者在太(tai)原市(shi)南(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)古城營村,發現(xian)了春秋(qiu)晚期董安于(yu)所(suo)筑的(de)(de)晉陽(yang)古城遺(yi)(yi)址。當時所(suo)存的(de)(de)晉陽(yang)城南(nan)(nan)城墻(qiang)殘(can)長(chang)626米(mi),寬30米(mi);西城墻(qiang)殘(can)長(chang)2700米(mi),其(qi)中有(you)900米(mi)高出地面約7米(mi)。從連接現(xian)存于(yu)地上和地下的(de)(de)城垣遺(yi)(yi)跡來看,此(ci)城的(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)度估計可達4500米(mi)左右。經過二千五百年的(de)(de)風風雨雨,仍能保(bao)存如此(ci)“完整(zheng)”,可見當年的(de)(de)晉陽(yang)城絕對(dui)是大邑(yi)。
太(tai)原古(gu)縣城(cheng)(cheng)作為古(gu)晉陽城(cheng)(cheng)的文(wen)脈延續,蘊(yun)藏著深(shen)厚的歷史(shi)積淀。從(cong)古(gu)到今,各種文(wen)化在這(zhe)里碰撞交融,并被傳(chuan)承下來。如今城(cheng)(cheng)內遺留的文(wen)廟、縣衙、關(guan)帝廟、以及(ji)隨處可見的歷史(shi)民居建(jian)筑等無(wu)不彰顯這(zhe)座古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)曾經的輝煌。而趙氏與(yu)鳳凰落晉陽的故事也就(jiu)這(zhe)樣被流傳(chuan)。
宋(song)太(tai)平興國四(si)年(979),宋(song)太(tai)宗趙光義下令焚(fen)毀晉陽城(cheng)(cheng),在晉陽故城(cheng)(cheng)北,今太(tai)原市小(xiao)店(dian)區(qu)一帶,新(xin)筑了平晉縣城(cheng)(cheng),后又選擇在東(dong)北方向十(shi)余公里的唐明鎮,今太(tai)原老城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu),修筑城(cheng)(cheng)墻,興建(jian)了太(tai)原府城(cheng)(cheng)。
明朝(chao)初年,平晉縣(xian)(xian)城被洪(hong)水(shui)淹溢,山西(xi)巡(xun)撫和太(tai)原知府上報朝(chao)廷,請(qing)求朝(chao)廷重建。經核準后,公元(yuan)1375年,開始在汾(fen)河(he)以西(xi)晉陽(yang)古城遺(yi)址上的南關村,建立太(tai)原縣(xian)(xian)城。明清兩朝(chao),太(tai)原府城和太(tai)原縣(xian)(xian)城并存,具有隸(li)屬(shu)關系。
明太原縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),東(dong)門(men)(men)曰觀瀾,西(xi)門(men)(men)曰望翠,北(bei)門(men)(men)曰奉宣,南(nan)門(men)(men)曰進賢,其中北(bei)門(men)(men)朝東(dong)開,東(dong)西(xi)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)都朝南(nan)開,南(nan)門(men)(men)正(zheng)南(nan),恰(qia)似(si)展翅(chi)高(gao)(gao)飛的鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)在(zai)空(kong)中翱翔(xiang),北(bei)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)有兩口(kou)水井、恰(qia)似(si)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)的一雙(shuang)眼睛,南(nan)門(men)(men)正(zheng)對關外(wai)的寶華閣,恰(qia)似(si)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)的尾羽高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)翹起,古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)的十字街(jie),恰(qia)似(si)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)的腹(fu)部高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)隆起,時人美其稱為好漢坡、鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)腹(fu),故曰鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),內(nei)有九街(jie)十八巷,設四(si)門(men)(men),其中四(si)周(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堵51堵,敵臺32座,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)三丈(zhang),壕深(shen)一丈(zhang),周(zhou)長為3.8公(gong)里,不及晉(jin)陽古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二(er)十分之一。
“鳳(feng)凰城”因其獨特的(de)(de)造型,不規則(ze)的(de)(de)城垣,曲線形成(cheng)的(de)(de)街(jie)型,高低錯(cuo)落的(de)(de)建筑,而有活城之(zhi)說;每臨集市(shi)、廟會,遠離縣城五(wu)里之(zhi)外,都能(neng)聽到里面的(de)(de)叫(jiao)賣(mai)聲。
明太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)縣(xian)城(cheng)歷史(shi)悠久,人杰地(di)靈,在(zai)明清兩(liang)朝既(ji)有(you)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)府(fu)城(cheng),又有(you)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)縣(xian)城(cheng),但行政級(ji)別不同,具有(you)隸屬關系。太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)縣(xian)城(cheng)內外共有(you)大(da)小(xiao)寺廟、樓閣、祠(ci)(ci)堂50余處,如:劉王祠(ci)(ci)、尹公祠(ci)(ci)、關王祠(ci)(ci)、崇圣(sheng)祠(ci)(ci)、節孝祠(ci)(ci)、洪侯(hou)祠(ci)(ci)、梁公祠(ci)(ci)、趙襄子祠(ci)(ci)等,這些祠(ci)(ci)堂的存在(zai)與(yu)形成都是對古晉陽(yang)歷史(shi)文化傳承(cheng)有(you)力的佐證。
明(ming)(ming)正德(de)七(qi)年(1512),太(tai)原縣(xian)(xian)河東柳林人(ren)(今太(tai)原市小店區劉家(jia)堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)人(ren))王瓊(qiong),時任戶部(bu)右侍郎兼左僉都御(yu)史,因母喪回鄉(xiang)(xiang)丁(ding)憂。王瓊(qiong)作為京官(guan),十(shi)分關心(xin)家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)建(jian)設發展。他主動(dong)幫助太(tai)原縣(xian)(xian)知縣(xian)(xian)白(bai)晟(sheng)、梅寧,新建(jian)了(le)四(si)座城門(men)樓、城墻(qiang)上四(si)個(ge)角樓,修繕(shan)了(le)殘(can)損(sun)的城墻(qiang),增強了(le)縣(xian)(xian)城防御(yu)功能,崇墉壯(zhuang)麗(li)甲縣(xian)(xian)城。明(ming)(ming)正德(de)十(shi)四(si)年(1519),王瓊(qiong)擢升少師、太(tai)子太(tai)師、兵部(bu)尚書。當(dang)時邊境地區很不安寧,瓦(wa)剌(la)又有犯境之虞,他倡(chang)議太(tai)原知縣(xian)(xian)吳方,增高(gao)縣(xian)(xian)城墻(qiang)5尺(chi),在(zai)夯(hang)土城墻(qiang)頂部(bu),用磚砌起高(gao)6尺(chi)的垛(duo)口(kou)。明(ming)(ming)嘉靖十(shi)九年(1540)、二十(shi)一年(1542),瓦(wa)剌(la)軍兩次突襲太(tai)原縣(xian)(xian),劫掠富戶財物北去。瓦(wa)剌(la)軍雖(sui)未攻擊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)城,但山西各府、縣(xian)(xian)極為震驚,外患已到家(jia)門(men)口(kou)了(le)。
明(ming)(ming)嘉靖二(er)十(shi)一年(1542),曾任浙江按(an)察副使的(de)高(gao)(gao)汝行,去職(zhi)還(huan)鄉。他與(yu)(yu)王瓊長子王朝(chao)立(li)等士(shi)紳,帶頭捐資輸款,與(yu)(yu)時(shi)任知(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)合作,對(dui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)進(jin)行了增(zeng)補和加固(gu),并(bing)在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)38處馬面(mian)(mian)上,新筑(zhu)(zhu)敵(di)臺(tai)32座。明(ming)(ming)隆(long)慶(qing)二(er)年(1568),知(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)王世業又組(zu)織(zhi)人(ren)(ren)力,對(dui)里城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)增(zeng)寬1丈、高(gao)(gao)3丈5尺,雖未砌磚(zhuan),但夯墻(qiang)堅實。明(ming)(ming)萬歷十(shi)八(ba)年(1590),知(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)陳增(zeng)美(mei)用(yong)條(tiao)石(shi)筑(zhu)(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基、四(si)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門洞內側及(ji)距(ju)地面(mian)(mian)3尺余的(de)墻(qiang)體,進(jin)行砌護(hu)加固(gu)。條(tiao)石(shi)來自大井峪(yu)石(shi)料廠,系(xi)僧人(ren)(ren)妙峰化(hua)(hua)緣(yuan)籌資,擬在汾河上建(jian)一座石(shi)橋,了卻(que)自己一樁心愿。當鑿好的(de)條(tiao)石(shi)堆放得(de)和山(shan)一樣高(gao)(gao)的(de)時(shi)候,妙峰和尚去世了,知(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)方將筑(zhu)(zhu)橋的(de)石(shi)料,用(yong)于(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)。除(chu)此之外(wai)(wai),環城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑(zhu)(zhu)女墻(qiang),也稱(cheng)羊(yang)馬垣(yuan)或羊(yang)馬城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)(wai),開挖深(shen)3丈、闊10丈的(de)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕,在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕內側廣植柳樹,起到(dao)注水后護(hu)堤及(ji)美(mei)化(hua)(hua)環境的(de)作用(yong)。明(ming)(ming)崇禎年間,知(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)朱萬欽與(yu)(yu)鄉紳李中馥等,組(zu)織(zhi)動(dong)員(yuan)本(ben)邑人(ren)(ren)士(shi)捐款集資,燒制城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚(zhuan),并(bing)用(yong)磚(zhuan)砌護(hu)了東、西、北(bei)三面(mian)(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堵,剩下南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)未包(bao)磚(zhuan)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堵,為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)凸(tu)出(chu)部(bu)門,因(yin)其形狀像(xiang)馬長而寬的(de)面(mian)(mian)部(bu),俗稱(cheng)馬面(mian)(mian)。明(ming)(ming)太(tai)原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設,因(yin)政(zheng)治因(yin)素(su)、經濟(ji)因(yin)素(su)、軍事因(yin)素(su)等,斷斷續(xu)續(xu)持續(xu)了200多年,與(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)王朝(chao)共始終。
后因戰亂等(deng)原(yuan)因,明(ming)太原(yuan)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)的城(cheng)(cheng)垣人(ren)為損毀(hui)殆盡,僅存北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)洞(dong)及(ji)其甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)洞(dong)和甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)東殘垣一段(duan),遺(yi)存西城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)洞(dong)及(ji)其南北(bei)兩翼一段(duan)殘垣,遺(yi)留西北(bei)隅城(cheng)(cheng)墻殘垣和南門(men)洞(dong)西側的一截殘垣等(deng)。
明朝滅亡后,清順(shun)治(zhi)年(nian)知縣(xian)郜煥(huan)元,籌集(ji)資金、組(zu)織人(ren)力(li),對(dui)南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堵用(yong)磚(zhuan)進行了(le)(le)砌(qi)護(hu)。清朝康熙十七(qi)年(nian)(1678)至乾隆(long)二(er)十九年(nian)(1764),先后對(dui)西、北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)損壞段進行修(xiu)繕,對(dui)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)疏(shu)浚并植柳(liu)。清道(dao)光《太原縣(xian)志(zhi)》記載(zai):“乾隆(long)三十三年(nian)(1768)七(qi)月初(chu)三日夜,大雨如(ru)注,風(feng)峪(yu)水暴發(fa),浪(lang)高(gao)(gao)數(shu)丈(zhang)(zhang),怒吼如(ru)雷,西郊尹公祠、戲樓(lou)逐波傾圯,居(ju)民(min)廬舍為之一空,壞西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四(si)十余丈(zhang)(zhang)。越明年(nian),知縣(xian)江二(er)儀始為補(bu)葺,七(qi)月而工乃竣。”從清同(tong)治(zhi)七(qi)年(nian)(1868)三月至光緒元年(nian)(1875)四(si)月,縣(xian)署先后組(zu)織重(zhong)修(xiu)垛墻(qiang)(qiang)854丈(zhang)(zhang)、高(gao)(gao)4尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)5寸,補(bu)筑了(le)(le)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)馬(ma)(ma)道(dao)91丈(zhang)(zhang)、西南(nan)(nan)馬(ma)(ma)道(dao)87丈(zhang)(zhang)、北馬(ma)(ma)道(dao)32丈(zhang)(zhang)、東(dong)馬(ma)(ma)道(dao)70丈(zhang)(zhang)、南(nan)(nan)馬(ma)(ma)道(dao)120丈(zhang)(zhang);重(zhong)修(xiu)了(le)(le)北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)31丈(zhang)(zhang)、高(gao)(gao)3丈(zhang)(zhang)1尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),并全(quan)部包(bao)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)護(hu);補(bu)碹了(le)(le)東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門石硂一層、補(bu)修(xiu)了(le)(le)四(si)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門扉16頁,并全(quan)部用(yong)鐵皮包(bao)門;又補(bu)修(xiu)了(le)(le)四(si)周城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)損毀的(de)基礎共20丈(zhang)(zhang);重(zhong)建了(le)(le)四(si)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)角(jiao)樓(lou)共24間、高(gao)(gao)1丈(zhang)(zhang)5尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、深(shen)1丈(zhang)(zhang)7尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、闊28丈(zhang)(zhang)8尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi);補(bu)修(xiu)了(le)(le)4座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)、殘損的(de)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雄姿依(yi)舊。
太(tai)原(yuan)老城區(qu)被稱(cheng)為太(tai)原(yuan)府城,晉(jin)源(yuan)鎮則被稱(cheng)為太(tai)原(yuan)縣(xian)城。民(min)國時期,沿用了(le)1200多年的太(tai)原(yuan)府被撤銷,繼而產生了(le)太(tai)原(yuan)市這(zhe)一名(ming)稱(cheng),然而太(tai)原(yuan)縣(xian)改(gai)名(ming)為晉(jin)源(yuan)縣(xian),取意(yi)“晉(jin)水之(zhi)源(yuan)”。
太(tai)原(yuan)古(gu)縣城修復保護工程于2013年(nian)開工,由太(tai)原(yuan)市政府啟動修復,太(tai)原(yuan)市龍(long)城發展投(tou)資集團有(you)限公(gong)司投(tou)資興(xing)建,建筑面積(ji)36萬平方(fang)米。距市中心20公(gong)里。
2020年已基本完工。游(you)客進入修葺(qi)后的景(jing)區(qu),就能領略到(dao)明清時期太原縣城的歷史(shi)風貌。順著城墻、歷史(shi)遺存(cun)、掛牌歷史(shi)民居(ju)、護(hu)城河、金牛湖(hu)等景(jing)觀(guan)游(you)覽一(yi)番,更能夠感受這座古老縣城悠久而深厚的歷史(shi)文化。
2021年(nian)5月1日(ri),始建(jian)于1375年(nian)的明代太(tai)原(yuan)古縣城歷經八年(nian)修復(fu)后正式(shi)開(kai)放,“鳳凰城”開(kai)城迎客。
太原縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規劃(hua)設計理念(nian),寓意(yi)像一只展翅高(gao)飛的(de)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang),東、西門(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)雙翼;南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)尾,北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)及甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),為(wei)(wei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)的(de)頸和鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)首(shou),甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)有兩眼水井,為(wei)(wei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)雙目。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)頸北(bei)(bei)(bei)首(shou)東,意(yi)寓丹鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)朝陽,吉祥如意(yi)。縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內規劃(hua)了9街18巷,主要道(dao)路有東、西、南(nan)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)4條大(da)街,為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統的(de)棋盤式道(dao)路格局。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)央十字(zi)街高(gao)高(gao)隆起,以為(wei)(wei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)胸部,因推車載物過十字(zi)街吃(chi)力,當地(di)人(ren)稱“好漢坡”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)四門(men)(men)(men):東門(men)(men)(men)曰“觀瀾”,甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外青(qing)石匾(bian)(bian)(bian)額(e)“東汾聚(ju)秀”;西門(men)(men)(men)曰“望翠(cui)”,甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外青(qing)石匾(bian)(bian)(bian)額(e)“西兌金(jin)湯”;南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)曰“進賢(xian)”,甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)外青(qing)石匾(bian)(bian)(bian)額(e)“桐封(feng)晉陽”;北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)曰“奉宣”,甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)外青(qing)石匾(bian)(bian)(bian)額(e)“古原屏翰”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)上有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)樓4座,北(bei)(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)樓供奉“伏魔大(da)帝(di)(di)”關(guan)羽(yu),坐鎮北(bei)(bei)(bei)方之(zhi)(zhi)神位(wei),保一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)平安;東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)樓供奉文(wen)昌帝(di)(di)君,期盼(pan)文(wen)化發(fa)達、科(ke)舉考(kao)試人(ren)才輩出;西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)樓供奉財(cai)神,希冀縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)繁榮(rong)、百(bai)姓富裕;南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)樓供奉藥王(wang),保佑人(ren)人(ren)健康平安。各類功能(neng)建(jian)筑(zhu),滲透(tou)著古人(ren)期盼(pan)幸(xing)福(fu)的(de)美好愿景。為(wei)(wei)上下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)行走(zou)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防拉運(yun)軍需便(bian)利,在四個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)內側,修筑(zhu)了斜坡馬道(dao),使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池功能(neng)逐步完(wan)善(shan)。
2011年,被評為國家歷史文(wen)化街區;
2021年,被評為山西(xi)省省級旅游休閑街區;
2022年,入選山西(xi)首批省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)夜間文(wen)化和旅(lv)游消費(fei)(fei)集(ji)聚(ju)區、國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)(ji)夜間文(wen)化和旅(lv)游消費(fei)(fei)集(ji)聚(ju)區、太原古縣城(cheng)十字(zi)街(jie)(jie)入選山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)步(bu)行街(jie)(jie)、山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)夜經(jing)濟生活集(ji)聚(ju)區。