官話(hua)(hua)方言(yan)通行于長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以北(bei)各省(sheng)漢族地(di)區（除(chu)(chu)山西）；長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下游(you)鎮江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)（除(chu)(chu)丹(dan)陽丹(dan)徒）、南(nan)(nan)京北(bei)部(bu)及皖南(nan)(nan)部(bu)分沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)地(di)帶；湖北(bei)省(sheng)除(chu)(chu)東南(nan)(nan)角以外(wai)的全部(bu)地(di)區；廣西省(sheng)北(bei)部(bu)和(he)湖南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)西北(bei)角地(di)區；云南(nan)(nan)、四川、貴州三省(sheng)少數(shu)民族區域以外(wai)的全部(bu)漢族地(di)區。此外(wai)，在非官話(hua)(hua)方言(yan)區中。還(huan)有(you)少數(shu)由(you)于歷(li)史原因而形成的官話(hua)(hua)方言(yan)島。如海南(nan)(nan)島崖(ya)縣、儋縣的“軍話(hua)(hua)”，福(fu)建南(nan)(nan)平城關的“土官話(hua)(hua)”，長樂洋嶼(yu)的“京都話(hua)(hua)”等。使用(yong)人(ren)口(kou) 7億以上。
漢族的(de)先民開始時人數很少，使(shi)用的(de)漢語(yu)也(ye)比較(jiao)單(dan)純。后來(lai)由于社會(hui)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展，居民逐漸向四周(zhou)擴(kuo)展，或者集體向遠(yuan)方遷移，或者跟(gen)異族人發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)接觸，漢語(yu)就逐漸地(di)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)分(fen)化，產生(sheng)了(le)分(fen)布(bu)在不同(tong)地(di)域(yu)上的(de)方言(yan)(yan)。漢語(yu)方言(yan)(yan)分(fen)布(bu)區域(yu)遼(liao)闊(kuo)，使(shi)用人口在9億(yi)以上。
官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)可細分為(wei)八種次方(fang)言：東北官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、北京官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、冀魯官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、膠遼官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、中原官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、蘭(lan)銀官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、江淮官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)。
東北官話(hua)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)于黑(hei)龍江、吉(ji)林絕大部、遼(liao)寧部分(fen)(fen)地區、內蒙古東部和河北東北部。東北官話(hua)具體可分(fen)(fen)為吉(ji)沈片(pian)、哈阜(fu)片(pian)、黑(hei)松片(pian)，每片(pian)又可分(fen)(fen)為幾小片(pian)。主(zhu)要(yao)特征是古入聲(sheng)派(pai)入平、上、去(qu)。
北京官話又稱華北官話，主要分布于北京、河(he)北北部和內蒙(meng)古中部，可(ke)分為京師、懷(huai)承(cheng)、朝峰、石克四片。使用人口約(yue)1500萬。三聲四調，古入聲派入平(ping)、上、去聲。
冀魯(lu)官話(hua)主(zhu)要分布于河北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)部、天津(jin)、山東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部和(he)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)部，以及北(bei)(bei)(bei)京市平(ping)谷區，山西廣靈(ling)縣，內蒙古寧城縣，使(shi)用人口約9000余萬。冀魯(lu)官話(hua)是除東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)官話(hua)外，與北(bei)(bei)(bei)京官話(hua)最為接近的官話(hua)。主(zhu)要特征(zheng)是三聲(sheng)四調，古入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)派入(ru)(ru)平(ping)、去聲(sheng)。
膠遼官話主(zhu)要分(fen)布于山東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)膠東半島(dao)、遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)遼東半島(dao)和(he)鴨綠江下(xia)游(you)地(di)帶及江蘇省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)贛(gan)榆縣(xian)。歷史上在一些地(di)區如(ru)黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)還存在過膠遼官話的(de)方言島(dao)，但漸漸都消失(shi)在周圍方言的(de)“汪洋(yang)大海”之中了。膠遼官話內(nei)分(fen)登連片(pian)(pian)、青州片(pian)(pian)（青萊片(pian)(pian)）和(he)蓋桓片(pian)(pian)（營通片(pian)(pian)）。主(zhu)要特征是三聲三調或四調，古入聲派入平、上、去聲。
中原官話(hua)的分布(bu)以河(he)南、陜西(xi)關(guan)中、山(shan)(shan)東南部(bu)為(wei)中心，覆及山(shan)(shan)東、河(he)北、河(he)南、山(shan)(shan)西(xi)、安徽、陜西(xi)、甘肅、寧(ning)夏、青海、新疆(jiang)。根據(ju)1987版的《中國語(yu)言(yan)地圖集》，一共(gong)分為(wei)鄭開、洛襄、兗菏、漯(luo)項、商阜(fu)、關(guan)中、南魯、秦隴、隴中、南疆(jiang)等(deng)十(shi)片。代表(biao)方言(yan)為(wei)河(he)南方言(yan)。中原官話(hua)的古入(ru)聲(sheng)清音聲(sheng)母(mu)和次濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)今(jin)讀(du)陰平，古全濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)今(jin)讀(du)陽平是中原官話(hua)區的主要(yao)特(te)點。中原官話(hua)和冀魯官話(hua)、膠遼官話(hua)的主要(yao)區別(bie)是古入(ru)聲(sheng)次濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)今(jin)讀(du)陰平。
蘭(lan)(lan)銀官話主要分(fen)布于甘肅（蘭(lan)(lan)州及周(zhou)邊、河西(xi)走廊）、寧夏(xia)（中北部）、新疆（北疆）。分(fen)為四片：金城(cheng)（蘭(lan)(lan)州古(gu)稱）片、銀吳片、河西(xi)片、新疆北疆片。蘭(lan)(lan)銀官話分(fen)布區人(ren)口(kou)密度小，使用人(ren)數在八個官話中屬于較少的。在蘭(lan)(lan)銀官話中古(gu)入聲清音(yin)和次濁聲母字今(jin)讀去聲。
江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)分(fen)布于(yu)今江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇和安(an)徽(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)大部、湖北局部、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西部分(fen)地(di)區等(deng)地(di)，江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)使用人口(kou)大約(yue)為7000萬(wan)，其中(zhong)主要分(fen)布于(yu)安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省除蚌埠(bu)的(de)(de)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以北地(di)區、鎮江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以西九江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以東的(de)(de)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南岸沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一帶。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)自東向西分(fen)為通泰片、洪巢片、黃孝片。
西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)是(shi)流行于中(zhong)國西(xi)(xi)南部(bu)四(si)川(chuan)、重慶、貴州(zhou)(zhou)、云南、湖北，以及鄰近的(de)廣西(xi)(xi)壯(zhuang)族自治(zhi)區(qu)北部(bu)、湖南省西(xi)(xi)部(bu)、陜西(xi)(xi)省南部(bu)、緬甸果敢的(de)主要(yao)語言，在老撾、越(yue)南等地(di)(di)(di)也有(you)部(bu)分華人使用。西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)在緬甸撣邦第一(yi)特區(qu)（果敢）具有(you)官(guan)(guan)方地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)，是(shi)僅有(you)的(de)3個具有(you)官(guan)(guan)方地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)的(de)漢語分支之一(yi)。西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)的(de)主要(yao)特征是(shi)古入(ru)聲不(bu)分化，整體保留或整體混(hun)入(ru)它調（陽平(ping)(ping)、陰平(ping)(ping)或去聲）。《中(zhong)國語言地(di)(di)(di)圖集》中(zhong)將西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)分為十(shi)二片，其(qi)通常也可按照(zhao)地(di)(di)(di)域分為四(si)川(chuan)話(hua)(hua)、重慶話(hua)(hua)、貴州(zhou)(zhou)話(hua)(hua)、云南話(hua)(hua)、桂柳話(hua)(hua)、湖北話(hua)(hua)等。
①塞音(yin)和塞擦音(yin)聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)大都(dou)有(you)清聲(sheng)送(song)(song)氣與清聲(sheng)不送(song)(song)氣之(zhi)分，而沒有(you)清聲(sheng)與濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)的對(dui)立，反(fan)映出清聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)多(duo)而濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)少的特點。古(gu)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字在現(xian)代官話方言各支系中幾乎都(dou)念(nian)為清聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字，很少例(li)外。一(yi)(yi)般古(gu)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)平聲(sheng)念(nian)送(song)(song)氣清聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)，古(gu)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)仄聲(sheng)念(nian)不送(song)(song)氣清聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)。不過(guo)值得一(yi)(yi)提的是(shi)湘西(xi)一(yi)(yi)些西(xi)南官話保(bao)留了全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)音(yin)。
②韻(yun)母方面最突(tu)出的(de)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)輔音韻(yun)尾(wei)比較少。
③聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)方面最突出的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)類的(de)(de)(de)數目比較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)。除(chu)江淮官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江小片(pian)、華(hua)(hua)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)河(he)南黃河(he)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南端、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)及(ji)(ji)內蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)外，其(qi)余(yu)各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)大都(dou)(dou)(dou)沒(mei)有(you)(you)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)。整個官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)方言區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)以(yi)4～5個為最多(duo)，尤以(yi)4個聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)最普(pu)遍，少(shao)于4個或多(duo)于 5個的(de)(de)(de)都(dou)(dou)(dou)比較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)四(si)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)、去三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)化(hua)、發展情況大體(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)，即(ji)：古(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)大都(dou)(dou)(dou)念(nian)(nian)為陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)包、周、基(ji)、夫、甘、尊、當、江、光(guang)等(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)大都(dou)(dou)(dou)念(nian)(nian)為陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)爬、徒、鋤、奇(qi)、條(tiao)、林、沉、群(qun)、同(tong)、紅等(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)和(he)次濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)大都(dou)(dou)(dou)念(nian)(nian)為上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)補(bu)、早(zao)、膽、粉(fen)、黨(dang)、井、榜、選、暖、染、老(lao)等(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)念(nian)(nian)去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)古(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)部(bu)、父、道、憤、蕩和(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)過、怕、步、帶、共、耀等(deng)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)方言中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)念(nian)(nian)法(fa)比較(jiao)(jiao)復雜，除(chu)江淮官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江小片(pian)及(ji)(ji)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)、華(hua)(hua)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)黃河(he)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)河(he)南省部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)保留(liu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自成調(diao)(diao)(diao)類外，其(qi)余(yu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)消失的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)歸屬各(ge)不相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)。大致(zhi)說來，華(hua)(hua)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)跟北(bei)(bei)京(jing)話(hua)(hua)(hua)一樣，入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消失后入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)派(pai)(pai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)、去各(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，即(ji)所謂(wei)"入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)派(pai)(pai)三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)":全(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，次濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)派(pai)(pai)到陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)各(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)中(zhong)(zhong)去；少(shao)數地(di)(di)方（如(ru)濟(ji)南、大連）與(yu)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)略有(you)(you)不同(tong)：古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或全(quan)(quan)歸 陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)（如(ru)濟(ji)南），或全(quan)(quan)歸上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)（如(ru)大連）。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)沒(mei)有(you)(you)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)派(pai)(pai)有(you)(you)兩種(zhong)情況：或是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，其(qi)余(yu)歸陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)西(xi)(xi)(xi)安；或是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，其(qi)余(yu)歸去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)蘭州。西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)（除(chu)灌赤片(pian)和(he)其(qi)他部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)方言點(dian)外）古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)派(pai)(pai)最為劃一：只要是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，不論聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)是(shi)什么，一律念(nian)(nian)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)調(diao)(diao)(diao)，幾乎沒(mei)有(you)(you)例外。
官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯和現代漢(han)民族共同(tong)語(yu)普通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯大同(tong)小(xiao)異。官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中通行(xing)范圍比較(jiao)廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，大都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)已進入共同(tong)語(yu)，作為(wei)(wei)(wei)基本(ben)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯，沒(mei)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)共同(tong)語(yu)吸收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，大都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)只流行(xing)于某一個官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)片(pian)或方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)小(xiao)片(pian)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)各地(di)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異，比官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和其他各大方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異小(xiao)。但官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)通行(xing)范圍如此(ci)遼闊，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)也有與眾不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)語(yu)。例如北(bei)(bei)(bei)京土話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"二乎(hu)"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"猶(you)疑"，"咋(za)呼"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"囂張"，"沖道"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"敢做敢說";天(tian)津(jin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"廣(guang)"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"打","老(lao)公"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"烏鴉(ya)"，"罷了(le)"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"了(le)不(bu)起"；西(xi)安(an)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"瞎了(le)"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"浪費"、"糟(zao)踏";山東聊(liao)城話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"毀"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"打"；河南(nan)洛陽(yang)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"連(lian)連(lian)兒(er)"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"趕快"。新(xin)鄉話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用"亂"表示"住"，用"紅"表示"賣力氣"；成都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、昆明(ming)等地(di)"聊(liao)天(tian)"說成"擺龍門陣"，武漢(han)、重慶等地(di)"倒霉(mei)"說成"背時"，"可(ke)憐(lian)"說成"造孽"；……如此(ci)等等，都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)各具一格(ge)。"太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)"一詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)區有各種不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呼：北(bei)(bei)(bei)京、保定稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"老(lao)爺(ye)(ye)兒(er)"(北(bei)(bei)(bei)京也稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)")，沈陽(yang)、西(xi)安(an)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"日(ri)(ri)頭"，太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)、呼和浩(hao)特稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"陽(yang)婆(po)",合肥稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"熱頭",成都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、武漢(han)、昆明(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)";光是河北(bei)(bei)(bei)一省(sheng)，對(dui)"太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呼就有"老(lao)爺(ye)(ye)兒(er)、爺(ye)(ye)爺(ye)(ye)兒(er)、爺(ye)(ye)爺(ye)(ye)、日(ri)(ri)頭、日(ri)(ri)頭爺(ye)(ye)、日(ri)(ri)頭影(ying)兒(er)、陽(yang)婆(po)兒(er)、陽(yang)婆(po)、前天(tian)爺(ye)(ye)、佛爺(ye)(ye)兒(er)"等等，可(ke)見詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分歧，即使是在官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)內部(bu)，仍然不(bu)容忽視。官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯跟其他方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)比較(jiao)，還顯(xian)示出以(yi)下一些(xie)特色：
①雙音節(jie)詞(ci)特別占優勢(shi)。雙音節(jie)詞(ci)在漢語中是(shi)整個詞(ci)匯里占比重最大的一部分，在官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中表現(xian)得尤為突出，如許多在官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中加"子(zi)"而(er)(er)成為雙音節(jie)詞(ci)的，在其他方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)沒有"子(zi)"的單音節(jie)詞(ci)，如"稻子(zi)"在南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或叫(jiao)"稻"（吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)），或叫(jiao)"禾"（客(ke)(ke)家方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、湘(xiang)(xiang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、贛方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"谷子(zi)"在南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或叫(jiao)"谷"（吳、湘(xiang)(xiang)、贛、客(ke)(ke)家、粵等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)），或叫(jiao)"粟"（閩(min)(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"相(xiang)片(pian)(pian)"一詞(ci)官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區各地大都叫(jiao)"相(xiang)片(pian)(pian)"或"相(xiang)片(pian)(pian)兒(er)",而(er)(er)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，除客(ke)(ke)、贛方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)仍用雙音節(jie)"相(xiang)片(pian)(pian)"外(wai)，吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都是(shi)單音節(jie)詞(ci)，或叫(jiao)"照(zhao)"(吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蘇州(zhou)話(hua)），或叫(jiao)"相(xiang)"（粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)）。
②古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)語(yu)詞保留(liu)得比較(jiao)少。盡管每個漢語(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都繼承了(le)不少古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)漢語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)詞，但是(shi)相對(dui)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)各地方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保留(liu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)語(yu)詞的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)比較(jiao)少。例如(ru)"眼(yan)睛"一詞，官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)各地大都說(shuo)"眼(yan)睛",而(er)(er)閩(min)(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)至今仍叫"目(mu)",粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)仍叫"眼(yan)"，保留(liu)了(le)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)漢語(yu)對(dui)這一人體器(qi)官(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱；又如(ru)"站立"一詞，除官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)及(ji)湘方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外(wai)，吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)叫"立"，閩(min)(min)、粵、客(ke)家、贛等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)叫"企"，都沿(yan)用了(le)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)漢語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法；此外(wai)，還(huan)有一批極常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)用詞，南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保留(liu)了(le)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法，而(er)(er)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)則采(cai)用了(le)跟(gen)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)漢語(yu)普通話(hua)(hua)一致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法。如(ru)"看"是(shi)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)普遍(bian)通用的(de)(de)(de)(de)；而(er)(er)粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)（部分(fen)地區(qu)）卻用古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)詞"睇(di)"。
③外(wai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)借(jie)(jie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)比較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)(shao)。和南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)諸方(fang)(fang)言(yan)比較(jiao)(jiao)，官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中外(wai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)借(jie)(jie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)比較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)(shao)。南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)閩(min)、粵等地(di)向來(lai)(lai)(lai)為出(chu)海(hai)門(men)戶，與(yu)外(wai)國接(jie)觸多，方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中較(jiao)(jiao)易借(jie)(jie)入(ru)外(wai)語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，如閩(min)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中借(jie)(jie)入(ru)不(bu)(bu)少(shao)(shao)印(yin)度尼(ni)西亞 -馬來(lai)(lai)(lai)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，粵方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中借(jie)(jie)入(ru)不(bu)(bu)少(shao)(shao)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。有(you)時候(hou)同(tong)一個事物，官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)與(yu)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)言(yan)卻(que)采用(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)語(yu)(yu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)表達，顯(xian)示出(chu)"舶來(lai)(lai)(lai)"詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)與(yu)"土產"詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)差別。例如"水(shui)泥"一詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，粵方(fang)(fang)言(yan)區有(you)人叫"士敏土",吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)叫"水(shui)門(men)汀"，都(dou)是英(ying)語(yu)(yu)cement的(de)(de)(de)譯(yi)音；閩(min)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)叫"番家(jia)灰(hui)"、"紅毛(mao)灰(hui)"之類，也顯(xian)示出(chu)外(wai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)色彩，而官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)大多數和共(gong)同(tong)語(yu)(yu)一樣用(yong)"水(shui)泥"(部分地(di)方(fang)(fang)叫"洋灰(hui)")則(ze)是地(di)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)漢語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。又(you)如照相用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)"膠卷",官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)各地(di)都(dou)叫"膠卷"，而粵方(fang)(fang)言(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)、客家(jia)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)卻(que)都(dou)采用(yong)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)film的(de)(de)(de)譯(yi)音詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)"菲林(lin)"。
④語(yu)氣(qi)詞比(bi)(bi)較少，用法(fa)比(bi)(bi)較概(gai)(gai)括。和南(nan)方各方言(yan)(yan)比(bi)(bi)較，官話(hua)方言(yan)(yan)的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)詞比(bi)(bi)較少，用法(fa)更(geng)加(jia)概(gai)(gai)括，分工不(bu)那么細。例(li)如常(chang)見(jian)的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)詞"呢、嗎、啊"之類(lei)，官話(hua)方言(yan)(yan)跟共同語(yu)是一致的(de)，而(er)南(nan)方吳(wu)、粵等(deng)方言(yan)(yan)的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)詞則豐(feng)富得多。
語(yu)法方面 比較突出的(de)特點是：
①構詞方(fang)(fang)面，修飾性(xing)的(de)(de)詞素(su)(su)一(yi)般(ban)在前(qian)。如除(chu)西南官話偶有"雞公(gong)"、"雞母"一(yi)類(lei)說法外，各地官話大都是"公(gong)雞"、"母雞"、"客人(ren)"、"拖(tuo)鞋"等說法，不象南方(fang)(fang)某些方(fang)(fang)言(yan)把修飾性(xing)的(de)(de)詞素(su)(su)加在后面。如"雞公(gong)"、 "人(ren)客"、"鞋拖(tuo)"（閩方(fang)(fang)言(yan)）之類(lei)。
②運用語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)內部屈折變(bian)化表(biao)現語(yu)(yu)法(fa)意(yi)義(yi)的現象比較(jiao)少(shao)。除個別地方(fang)(fang)(fang)外，官話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)很(hen)少(shao)有語(yu)(yu)法(fa)學(xue)上所謂(wei)"構形(xing)法(fa)",即"狹義(yi)形(xing)態"的東(dong)西，粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)用變(bian)音(yin)(yin)的方(fang)(fang)(fang)式來表(biao)現某(mou)種語(yu)(yu)法(fa)意(yi)義(yi)的現象在(zai)官話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)很(hen)少(shao)見。
③結(jie)(jie)(jie)構助詞"的、地、得(de)"的運用(yong)。官(guan)話(hua)方言(yan)中(zhong)不少地方有結(jie)(jie)(jie)構助詞"的、地、得(de)"，用(yong)途各不相(xiang)同。這幾個結(jie)(jie)(jie)構助詞以(yi)北方官(guan)話(hua)用(yong)得(de)最普遍，已進入共(gong)同語(yu)的語(yu)法體系中(zhong)。在官(guan)話(hua)以(yi)外的南方各大方言(yan)中(zhong)，卻很(hen)少見，就是有類似(si)的結(jie)(jie)(jie)構助詞，也不象官(guan)話(hua)方言(yan)那樣"的、地、得(de)"分工明(ming)確(que)，用(yong)法不混。
④重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)相(xiang)當廣。官話(hua)方(fang)言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)式內容相(xiang)當豐(feng)富，使用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)相(xiang)當廣泛。例如(ru)親屬稱呼(hu)(hu)，南方(fang)閩、粵、客家、吳(wu)等(deng)方(fang)言(yan)一(yi)(yi)般都(dou)不用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)式，多用(yong)(yong)單(dan)音節詞素前加"阿"來(lai)稱呼(hu)(hu)，如(ru)"阿爸"、"阿弟(di)"、"阿嫂(sao)(sao)(sao)"之(zhi)類。而在(zai)官話(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中，則普遍用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)音節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式來(lai)稱呼(hu)(hu)人，如(ru)"哥哥"、"舅舅"、"爸爸"、"嫂(sao)(sao)(sao)嫂(sao)(sao)(sao)"、 "叔叔"之(zhi)類。又如(ru)某(mou)些(xie)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名詞，在(zai)南方(fang)各方(fang)言(yan)中是(shi)不能重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)官話(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中卻以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式出現(xian)，如(ru)"星星"一(yi)(yi)詞。在(zai)西(xi)南官話(hua)、西(xi)北官話(hua)中，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)表(biao)示(shi)(shi)附加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小義。如(ru)成都(dou)話(hua)"盤(pan)盤(pan)"意為(wei)"盤(pan)兒","眼眼"意為(wei)"眼兒"。"豆(dou)豆(dou)"意為(wei)"豆(dou)兒",西(xi)安話(hua)"帽(mao)帽(mao)"意為(wei)"帽(mao)兒"。西(xi)北官話(hua)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)量(liang)詞和指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)詞也可以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)，如(ru)西(xi)安話(hua)度(du)量(liang)詞重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)表(biao)示(shi)(shi)計量(liang)方(fang)式："這米不賣升(sheng)升(sheng)"(不按(an)升(sheng)賣）；指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)詞重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)表(biao)示(shi)(shi)所指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體位(wei)置："你的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)站在(zai)這這等(deng)著"（你們站在(zai)這兒等(deng)著），這些(xie)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)法(fa)在(zai)南方(fang)各大方(fang)言(yan)中都(dou)是(shi)沒有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
⑤量(liang)詞(ci)的(de)(de)使用(yong)比(bi)較概括。官(guan)話方言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)最常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)量(liang)詞(ci)"個(ge)"用(yong)途(tu)很(hen)廣，可以用(yong)在(zai)許多事物上面，虛的(de)(de)實(shi)的(de)(de)，都能和(he)" 個(ge) "配搭(da)。稱人一般在(zai)官(guan)話方言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)"個(ge)"和(he)"位"（尊稱），而在(zai)其(qi)他各大方言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)，卻用(yong)各種不(bu)同的(de)(de)量(liang)詞(ci)，并(bing)往往在(zai)量(liang)詞(ci)的(de)(de)選用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)現出一定(ding)的(de)(de)感情色彩和(he)修辭風格。例如粵(yue)方言(yan)，既(ji)有"這位先生(sheng)"、"那個(ge) 同學"等(deng)合乎(hu)規范的(de)(de)叫法(fa)，而在(zai)某些場合， "呢條老(lao)(lao)坑"(這個(ge)老(lao)(lao)頭兒(er)）等(deng)指(zhi)人量(liang)詞(ci)的(de)(de)獨(du)特用(yong)法(fa)。
⑥官話方(fang)言中一個句(ju)子里可出現兩(liang)個"了(le)"字，前者(zhe)表示動作、行為的完成，后(hou)者(zhe)作為句(ju)末的語氣(qi)詞。如："他吃了(le)飯了(le)"，這種(zhong)用法在南方(fang)各(ge)方(fang)言中比(bi)較少見。
⑦表示被(bei)動的介詞比較多。在被(bei)動句里，表被(bei)動的詞在官話(hua)方言中除了用(yong)(yong)"被(bei)"以(yi)外，還可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)"給(gei)"（他給(gei)人罵了）、"受"（小張(zhang)受人欺負）、"讓"（老(lao)鼠讓貓逮(dai)住了）、"叫(jiao)（教(jiao)）"（我今天叫(jiao)雨淋了一場(chang)）等。
⑧官(guan)話(hua)方言疑問(wen)句有(you)兩類不同(tong)的格式。一(yi)(yi)類是北方官(guan)話(hua)用(yong)的，跟共同(tong)語一(yi)(yi)樣，有(you)"是什么？""好嗎？""是不是？"等句式；另一(yi)(yi)類是西北官(guan)話(hua)、西南官(guan)話(hua)（云(yun)南、貴州）及江淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)用(yong)的，跟共同(tong)語不一(yi)(yi)樣，有(you)"ke（果）是？（或'可是'？）""ke（果）好？""是不？"等句式。
