官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)通行于(yu)(yu)長江以(yi)北(bei)(bei)各(ge)省漢(han)族(zu)地區(qu)（除山西(xi)）；長江下游鎮江（除丹陽丹徒）、南京北(bei)(bei)部(bu)及皖南部(bu)分沿江地帶；湖北(bei)(bei)省除東南角(jiao)以(yi)外(wai)的(de)全(quan)部(bu)地區(qu)；廣西(xi)省北(bei)(bei)部(bu)和(he)湖南省西(xi)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao)地區(qu)；云南、四川(chuan)、貴(gui)州三省少數民(min)族(zu)區(qu)域以(yi)外(wai)的(de)全(quan)部(bu)漢(han)族(zu)地區(qu)。此外(wai)，在非官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)區(qu)中。還有少數由(you)于(yu)(yu)歷史原(yuan)因而形成(cheng)的(de)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)島(dao)。如海(hai)南島(dao)崖縣、儋縣的(de)“軍話(hua)(hua)”，福(fu)建(jian)南平城關的(de)“土官(guan)話(hua)(hua)”，長樂洋嶼的(de)“京都話(hua)(hua)”等。使(shi)用人口 7億以(yi)上(shang)。
漢族的先(xian)民開始(shi)時人數(shu)很少，使用的漢語也比較單純。后(hou)來由于社(she)會的發展，居(ju)民逐(zhu)漸向四(si)周擴展，或(huo)者(zhe)集(ji)體向遠方(fang)遷移，或(huo)者(zhe)跟異(yi)族人發生接觸，漢語就逐(zhu)漸地發生分(fen)化(hua)，產生了分(fen)布在不(bu)同(tong)地域上的方(fang)言(yan)。漢語方(fang)言(yan)分(fen)布區域遼(liao)闊，使用人口(kou)在9億(yi)以(yi)上。
官(guan)話(hua)(hua)可(ke)細分為八種次方言：東(dong)北官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、北京官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、冀魯(lu)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、膠(jiao)遼(liao)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、中原(yuan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、蘭銀官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、江淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、西南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)。
東(dong)北官(guan)(guan)話主(zhu)要分布于黑龍江、吉(ji)林絕(jue)大部、遼寧部分地區、內蒙古(gu)東(dong)部和河北東(dong)北部。東(dong)北官(guan)(guan)話具體可分為吉(ji)沈片(pian)、哈(ha)阜片(pian)、黑松片(pian)，每片(pian)又可分為幾小片(pian)。主(zhu)要特征是(shi)古(gu)入聲派入平(ping)、上、去。
北(bei)京官(guan)話(hua)又稱華北(bei)官(guan)話(hua)，主要分(fen)布于北(bei)京、河北(bei)北(bei)部(bu)和內蒙古中(zhong)部(bu)，可分(fen)為京師、懷承(cheng)、朝峰(feng)、石(shi)克四(si)片。使用人口約(yue)1500萬。三聲(sheng)(sheng)四(si)調，古入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)派入(ru)平、上、去聲(sheng)(sheng)。
冀魯官(guan)(guan)話主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)于河北大部、天津、山東北部和西(xi)北部，以及北京市平(ping)谷區，山西(xi)廣(guang)靈縣(xian)，內蒙(meng)古寧城縣(xian)，使用人口約9000余萬(wan)。冀魯官(guan)(guan)話是除東北官(guan)(guan)話外，與(yu)北京官(guan)(guan)話最為接近的官(guan)(guan)話。主(zhu)要特征是三聲四調，古入(ru)聲派(pai)入(ru)平(ping)、去聲。
膠遼(liao)官(guan)話(hua)主(zhu)要分布(bu)于山東省(sheng)的膠東半(ban)島(dao)(dao)、遼(liao)寧省(sheng)的遼(liao)東半(ban)島(dao)(dao)和(he)鴨綠(lv)江(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)游(you)地帶(dai)及江(jiang)(jiang)蘇省(sheng)的贛榆(yu)縣(xian)。歷史(shi)上(shang)在(zai)一些地區(qu)如(ru)黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)還存在(zai)過膠遼(liao)官(guan)話(hua)的方言島(dao)(dao)，但漸(jian)漸(jian)都消失在(zai)周圍(wei)方言的“汪洋大海(hai)”之(zhi)中了。膠遼(liao)官(guan)話(hua)內分登連片(pian)、青州片(pian)（青萊片(pian)）和(he)蓋桓片(pian)（營通片(pian)）。主(zhu)要特征是三(san)聲三(san)調(diao)或四調(diao)，古入聲派(pai)入平、上(shang)、去聲。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原官(guan)話(hua)的(de)分布以河南、陜西(xi)關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、山(shan)東(dong)南部為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，覆及山(shan)東(dong)、河北、河南、山(shan)西(xi)、安徽、陜西(xi)、甘肅、寧夏、青海、新疆。根據1987版(ban)的(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國語言地圖集》，一共分為鄭開(kai)、洛襄、兗菏(he)、漯項(xiang)、商阜、關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南魯(lu)、秦隴、隴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南疆等十片。代表方(fang)言為河南方(fang)言。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原官(guan)話(hua)的(de)古(gu)入聲清(qing)音聲母和次濁聲母字(zi)今讀陰(yin)(yin)平，古(gu)全濁聲母字(zi)今讀陽平是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原官(guan)話(hua)區的(de)主(zhu)要特點。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原官(guan)話(hua)和冀(ji)魯(lu)官(guan)話(hua)、膠(jiao)遼官(guan)話(hua)的(de)主(zhu)要區別是古(gu)入聲次濁聲母字(zi)今讀陰(yin)(yin)平。
蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)話主要分布于甘肅（蘭(lan)州(zhou)及周邊(bian)、河西(xi)(xi)走(zou)廊）、寧夏（中(zhong)北(bei)部）、新疆（北(bei)疆）。分為四(si)片(pian)(pian)：金城（蘭(lan)州(zhou)古稱）片(pian)(pian)、銀(yin)吳片(pian)(pian)、河西(xi)(xi)片(pian)(pian)、新疆北(bei)疆片(pian)(pian)。蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)話分布區(qu)人(ren)口密度小(xiao)，使用人(ren)數在(zai)八個官(guan)話中(zhong)屬于較少的。在(zai)蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)話中(zhong)古入聲清音和次濁(zhuo)聲母字今讀去聲。
江淮(huai)(huai)官(guan)話分布于今(jin)江蘇和安(an)(an)徽的(de)大部(bu)、湖北(bei)(bei)局(ju)部(bu)、江西(xi)(xi)部(bu)分地(di)區等地(di)，江淮(huai)(huai)官(guan)話使用(yong)人口大約(yue)為(wei)(wei)7000萬，其中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)分布于安(an)(an)徽省除蚌埠的(de)長(chang)江以(yi)北(bei)(bei)地(di)區、鎮江以(yi)西(xi)(xi)九江以(yi)東(dong)的(de)長(chang)江南岸(an)沿江一帶(dai)。江淮(huai)(huai)官(guan)話自東(dong)向西(xi)(xi)分為(wei)(wei)通泰片、洪(hong)巢片、黃(huang)孝片。
西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)是(shi)流(liu)行于中(zhong)國(guo)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)四川、重慶(qing)、貴州、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、湖北(bei)，以及鄰近的(de)(de)廣(guang)西(xi)壯族自(zi)治區(qu)北(bei)部(bu)、湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)省西(xi)部(bu)、陜西(xi)省南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)、緬甸(dian)果敢(gan)的(de)(de)主要語言，在(zai)老撾、越南(nan)(nan)(nan)等地也有部(bu)分(fen)華人使用。西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)在(zai)緬甸(dian)撣邦第(di)一(yi)特(te)(te)區(qu)（果敢(gan)）具(ju)有官方地位，是(shi)僅(jin)有的(de)(de)3個具(ju)有官方地位的(de)(de)漢(han)語分(fen)支(zhi)之一(yi)。西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)主要特(te)(te)征是(shi)古(gu)入聲(sheng)不分(fen)化，整(zheng)體(ti)保留(liu)或整(zheng)體(ti)混入它調（陽平(ping)(ping)、陰平(ping)(ping)或去聲(sheng)）。《中(zhong)國(guo)語言地圖集》中(zhong)將西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)分(fen)為(wei)十二片，其通常也可按照地域(yu)分(fen)為(wei)四川話(hua)(hua)、重慶(qing)話(hua)(hua)、貴州話(hua)(hua)、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)話(hua)(hua)、桂柳話(hua)(hua)、湖北(bei)話(hua)(hua)等。
①塞(sai)音和塞(sai)擦音聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)大(da)都有(you)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)送(song)氣(qi)與(yu)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)送(song)氣(qi)之分，而(er)沒有(you)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)對(dui)立，反映出清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)多而(er)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)少的(de)特點。古全(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字在現代官(guan)話方言各(ge)支(zhi)系中幾乎都念為清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字，很少例外(wai)。一(yi)般(ban)古全(quan)濁(zhuo)平聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)念送(song)氣(qi)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)，古全(quan)濁(zhuo)仄聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)念不(bu)送(song)氣(qi)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)。不(bu)過值得一(yi)提的(de)是湘西一(yi)些西南官(guan)話保留(liu)了全(quan)濁(zhuo)音。
②韻(yun)母方面最突出的特點是輔音韻(yun)尾(wei)比較少。
③聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)方(fang)面最(zui)突出(chu)的(de)(de)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)類的(de)(de)數目比較(jiao)少。除(chu)江淮(huai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江小(xiao)片(pian)、華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)河南(nan)(nan)黃(huang)(huang)河以北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)、西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)端(duan)、陜西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)陜北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)及內蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)西(xi)(xi)部部分地(di)(di)區(qu)有(you)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)外(wai)，其余(yu)(yu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)都(dou)沒有(you)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)。整個(ge)(ge)(ge)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)區(qu)的(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)以4～5個(ge)(ge)(ge)為最(zui)多，尤以4個(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)最(zui)普遍，少于4個(ge)(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)多于 5個(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)都(dou)比較(jiao)少。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、去(qu)(qu)三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)分化、發展情(qing)況大(da)(da)體相似(si)，即(ji)：古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)都(dou)念為陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)包、周、基、夫(fu)、甘、尊、當、江、光等(deng)(deng)(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)都(dou)念為陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)爬、徒(tu)、鋤(chu)、奇(qi)、條、林、沉、群、同(tong)、紅等(deng)(deng)(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)和次(ci)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)都(dou)念為上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)補(bu)、早、膽(dan)、粉、黨、井、榜(bang)、選、暖、染、老(lao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)和古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多念去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)部、父、道、憤、蕩和古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)過(guo)、怕、步、帶、共(gong)、耀等(deng)(deng)(deng)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)在官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)念法比較(jiao)復雜，除(chu)江淮(huai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江小(xiao)片(pian)及西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)部分地(di)(di)區(qu)、華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)(huang)河以北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)河南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)部分地(di)(di)區(qu)保(bao)留入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自成調(diao)(diao)(diao)類外(wai)，其余(yu)(yu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)消(xiao)失的(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)歸(gui)(gui)屬各(ge)(ge)(ge)不相同(tong)。大(da)(da)致說來，華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)跟(gen)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)樣，入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消(xiao)失后入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)分派平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、去(qu)(qu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，即(ji)所謂"入(ru)派三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)":全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，次(ci)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)分派到(dao)陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)各(ge)(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)中(zhong)(zhong)去(qu)(qu)；少數地(di)(di)方(fang)（如(ru)濟南(nan)(nan)、大(da)(da)連）與北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京略有(you)不同(tong)：古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)(huo)全(quan)(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui) 陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)（如(ru)濟南(nan)(nan)），或(huo)(huo)全(quan)(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)（如(ru)大(da)(da)連）。西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)沒有(you)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)分派有(you)兩種情(qing)況：或(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，其余(yu)(yu)歸(gui)(gui)陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)西(xi)(xi)安；或(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，其余(yu)(yu)歸(gui)(gui)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)蘭(lan)州。西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（除(chu)灌赤片(pian)和其他部分方(fang)言(yan)點(dian)外(wai)）古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)分派最(zui)為劃一(yi)：只要是(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，不論聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)是(shi)(shi)什么，一(yi)律念陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)調(diao)(diao)(diao)，幾乎沒有(you)例外(wai)。
官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詞匯(hui)(hui)和現代漢(han)(han)民族(zu)共同語(yu)普通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詞匯(hui)(hui)大同小異。官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中通行(xing)范圍(wei)比(bi)較(jiao)廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)詞，大都(dou)已(yi)進(jin)入(ru)共同語(yu)，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基本詞匯(hui)(hui)，沒能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)共同語(yu)吸收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)詞，大都(dou)只流行(xing)于某一(yi)個官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)片或方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)小片，南(nan)北(bei)各地(di)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在詞匯(hui)(hui)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異，比(bi)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和其他各大方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異小。但官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)通行(xing)范圍(wei)如此(ci)遼闊，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)也(ye)有(you)與眾不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)詞語(yu)。例如北(bei)京土話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"二乎"意(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"猶疑"，"咋呼"意(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"囂張(zhang)"，"沖道"意(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"敢做敢說(shuo)";天(tian)津話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"廣"意(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"打(da)","老公"意(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"烏鴉"，"罷了"意(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"了不起"；西安話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"瞎了"意(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"浪(lang)費"、"糟踏";山東聊城(cheng)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"毀"意(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"打(da)"；河(he)(he)南(nan)洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"連(lian)連(lian)兒"意(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"趕快(kuai)"。新鄉話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用"亂"表示"住"，用"紅(hong)"表示"賣力氣"；成(cheng)都(dou)、昆(kun)明等地(di)"聊天(tian)"說(shuo)成(cheng)"擺龍(long)門陣"，武漢(han)(han)、重慶等地(di)"倒霉"說(shuo)成(cheng)"背時(shi)"，"可憐"說(shuo)成(cheng)"造孽"；……如此(ci)等等，都(dou)各具一(yi)格。"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)"一(yi)詞在官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)有(you)各種不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呼：北(bei)京、保定稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"老爺(ye)(ye)(ye)兒"(北(bei)京也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)")，沈陽(yang)(yang)(yang)、西安稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"日頭(tou)(tou)"，太(tai)原(yuan)、呼和浩特稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"陽(yang)(yang)(yang)婆",合肥稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"熱頭(tou)(tou)",成(cheng)都(dou)、武漢(han)(han)、昆(kun)明稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)";光是河(he)(he)北(bei)一(yi)省，對"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呼就有(you)"老爺(ye)(ye)(ye)兒、爺(ye)(ye)(ye)爺(ye)(ye)(ye)兒、爺(ye)(ye)(ye)爺(ye)(ye)(ye)、日頭(tou)(tou)、日頭(tou)(tou)爺(ye)(ye)(ye)、日頭(tou)(tou)影兒、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)婆兒、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)婆、前天(tian)爺(ye)(ye)(ye)、佛(fo)爺(ye)(ye)(ye)兒"等等，可見詞匯(hui)(hui)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分歧(qi)，即使是在官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)內部，仍然(ran)不容忽視(shi)。官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詞匯(hui)(hui)跟其他方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)比(bi)較(jiao)，還顯示出以下一(yi)些特色：
①雙(shuang)音節詞(ci)(ci)特別占(zhan)(zhan)優勢。雙(shuang)音節詞(ci)(ci)在漢語中(zhong)是(shi)整(zheng)個詞(ci)(ci)匯里占(zhan)(zhan)比重最大的一(yi)部分(fen)，在官話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)表現得尤為(wei)突出，如許多(duo)在官話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)加"子"而成(cheng)為(wei)雙(shuang)音節詞(ci)(ci)的，在其他方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)往往是(shi)沒有"子"的單音節詞(ci)(ci)，如"稻子"在南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"稻"（吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)），或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"禾"（客家方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、湘(xiang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、贛方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"谷子"在南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"谷"（吳(wu)、湘(xiang)、贛、客家、粵等方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)），或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"粟"（閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"相(xiang)片(pian)"一(yi)詞(ci)(ci)官話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區各地大都叫(jiao)"相(xiang)片(pian)"或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)"相(xiang)片(pian)兒",而南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，除(chu)客、贛方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)仍用雙(shuang)音節"相(xiang)片(pian)"外，吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都是(shi)單音節詞(ci)(ci)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"照"(吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蘇州(zhou)話），或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"相(xiang)"（粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)）。
②古(gu)(gu)代(dai)語詞(ci)(ci)保留得比較少(shao)。盡(jin)管每個漢語方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都繼承(cheng)了不(bu)少(shao)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)漢語的語詞(ci)(ci)，但是相對(dui)而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)各(ge)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保留古(gu)(gu)語詞(ci)(ci)的現象比較少(shao)。例(li)如(ru)"眼(yan)睛"一詞(ci)(ci)，官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)各(ge)地(di)大都說"眼(yan)睛",而(er)閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)至今仍(reng)叫"目(mu)",粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)仍(reng)叫"眼(yan)"，保留了古(gu)(gu)代(dai)漢語對(dui)這一人體器官(guan)的名稱(cheng)；又如(ru)"站立(li)"一詞(ci)(ci)，除官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)及(ji)湘方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外，吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)叫"立(li)"，閩(min)、粵(yue)、客家、贛等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)叫"企"，都沿用(yong)(yong)了古(gu)(gu)代(dai)漢語的說法；此外，還(huan)有(you)一批極常見的生活用(yong)(yong)詞(ci)(ci)，南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保留了古(gu)(gu)代(dai)的說法，而(er)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了跟現代(dai)漢語普通話(hua)一致的說法。如(ru)"看(kan)"是官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)普遍通用(yong)(yong)的；而(er)粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)（部分地(di)區(qu)）卻用(yong)(yong)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)的語詞(ci)(ci)"睇"。
③外來借詞(ci)(ci)比(bi)(bi)較少。和南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)諸方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)比(bi)(bi)較，官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中外來的(de)(de)借詞(ci)(ci)比(bi)(bi)較少。南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)閩(min)、粵(yue)等地(di)向來為出(chu)海門戶(hu)，與(yu)外國接觸(chu)多，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中較易借入(ru)(ru)外語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)，如(ru)閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中借入(ru)(ru)不(bu)少印度尼西亞 -馬(ma)來語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)，粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中借入(ru)(ru)不(bu)少英語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)。有時候同一(yi)個事(shi)物，官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)與(yu)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)卻采用(yong)不(bu)同的(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)語(yu)(yu)來表達，顯(xian)示(shi)出(chu)"舶來"詞(ci)(ci)與(yu)"土(tu)產"詞(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)差別。例如(ru)"水泥(ni)"一(yi)詞(ci)(ci)，粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區有人叫(jiao)"士(shi)敏土(tu)",吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"水門汀(ting)"，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)英語(yu)(yu)cement的(de)(de)譯(yi)(yi)音(yin)；閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"番家灰"、"紅毛灰"之類，也顯(xian)示(shi)出(chu)外來的(de)(de)色彩，而(er)官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)大多數和共同語(yu)(yu)一(yi)樣用(yong)"水泥(ni)"(部分(fen)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)叫(jiao)"洋灰")則(ze)是(shi)(shi)地(di)道(dao)的(de)(de)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)。又如(ru)照相(xiang)用(yong)的(de)(de)"膠卷(juan)",官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)各(ge)地(di)都(dou)叫(jiao)"膠卷(juan)"，而(er)粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、客(ke)家方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)卻都(dou)采用(yong)英語(yu)(yu)film的(de)(de)譯(yi)(yi)音(yin)詞(ci)(ci)"菲(fei)林(lin)"。
④語(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)比較少(shao)，用法比較概(gai)括。和(he)南方(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)比較，官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)比較少(shao)，用法更加(jia)概(gai)括，分工不那么細。例如常見的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)"呢、嗎、啊"之類，官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)跟共(gong)同(tong)語(yu)是一致的(de)，而(er)南方(fang)(fang)吳、粵等方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)則豐(feng)富得多。
語法(fa)方(fang)面 比(bi)較突出的特點是：
①構(gou)詞(ci)方(fang)面，修飾性(xing)(xing)的(de)詞(ci)素一般在前(qian)。如除西南官(guan)話(hua)偶有"雞(ji)公(gong)"、"雞(ji)母"一類說法外(wai)，各地官(guan)話(hua)大都是"公(gong)雞(ji)"、"母雞(ji)"、"客(ke)(ke)人(ren)"、"拖鞋(xie)"等說法，不象南方(fang)某(mou)些(xie)方(fang)言把(ba)修飾性(xing)(xing)的(de)詞(ci)素加在后面。如"雞(ji)公(gong)"、 "人(ren)客(ke)(ke)"、"鞋(xie)拖"（閩方(fang)言）之類。
②運(yun)用語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)內部(bu)屈折變化(hua)表現語(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)意(yi)義(yi)的現象(xiang)比(bi)較少。除個別地方(fang)外(wai)，官話方(fang)言很(hen)少有(you)語(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)學上所謂"構形法(fa)(fa)",即(ji)"狹義(yi)形態"的東西(xi)，粵(yue)方(fang)言、閩方(fang)言用變音(yin)(yin)的方(fang)式(shi)來(lai)表現某種語(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)意(yi)義(yi)的現象(xiang)在官話方(fang)言中很(hen)少見。
③結構(gou)助(zhu)詞(ci)"的(de)、地(di)、得"的(de)運用(yong)。官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)少地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)有結構(gou)助(zhu)詞(ci)"的(de)、地(di)、得"，用(yong)途各不(bu)(bu)相同。這幾個結構(gou)助(zhu)詞(ci)以北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)官(guan)話(hua)用(yong)得最普(pu)遍，已進入共(gong)同語(yu)的(de)語(yu)法體系(xi)中(zhong)。在官(guan)話(hua)以外的(de)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)各大方(fang)(fang)(fang)言中(zhong)，卻很少見，就是(shi)有類似(si)的(de)結構(gou)助(zhu)詞(ci)，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)象官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言那樣"的(de)、地(di)、得"分(fen)工明確(que)，用(yong)法不(bu)(bu)混。
④重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)式的(de)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍相當(dang)(dang)廣。官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)式內容相當(dang)(dang)豐富，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍相當(dang)(dang)廣泛。例如親屬稱呼(hu)，南(nan)方(fang)閩、粵、客(ke)家、吳等方(fang)言(yan)一般(ban)都(dou)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)式，多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單音節詞(ci)(ci)素前加"阿(a)"來稱呼(hu)，如"阿(a)爸(ba)(ba)(ba)"、"阿(a)弟"、"阿(a)嫂(sao)(sao)"之(zhi)類。而在(zai)(zai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)，則普遍用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)音節的(de)方(fang)式來稱呼(hu)人，如"哥(ge)哥(ge)"、"舅(jiu)舅(jiu)"、"爸(ba)(ba)(ba)爸(ba)(ba)(ba)"、"嫂(sao)(sao)嫂(sao)(sao)"、 "叔叔"之(zhi)類。又如某些常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)名詞(ci)(ci)，在(zai)(zai)南(nan)方(fang)各(ge)(ge)方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)不(bu)能重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)的(de)，在(zai)(zai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)卻以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)的(de)形式出(chu)現(xian)，如"星星"一詞(ci)(ci)。在(zai)(zai)西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、西(xi)北官(guan)話(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)表示(shi)附加的(de)小(xiao)義。如成都(dou)話(hua)(hua)"盤(pan)盤(pan)"意(yi)為"盤(pan)兒","眼(yan)眼(yan)"意(yi)為"眼(yan)兒"。"豆(dou)(dou)豆(dou)(dou)"意(yi)為"豆(dou)(dou)兒",西(xi)安話(hua)(hua)"帽帽"意(yi)為"帽兒"。西(xi)北官(guan)話(hua)(hua)有(you)的(de)地方(fang)量詞(ci)(ci)和指(zhi)示(shi)詞(ci)(ci)也可(ke)以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)，如西(xi)安話(hua)(hua)度量詞(ci)(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)表示(shi)計量方(fang)式："這(zhe)(zhe)米不(bu)賣升升"(不(bu)按升賣）；指(zhi)示(shi)詞(ci)(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)表示(shi)所指(zhi)的(de)具體位置："你的(de)站(zhan)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)這(zhe)(zhe)等著(zhu)(zhu)"（你們站(zhan)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)兒等著(zhu)(zhu)），這(zhe)(zhe)些重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法在(zai)(zai)南(nan)方(fang)各(ge)(ge)大方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)是(shi)沒有(you)的(de)。
⑤量(liang)(liang)詞(ci)(ci)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比較概括。官話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中最常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)量(liang)(liang)詞(ci)(ci)"個(ge)"用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)很(hen)廣，可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)許多事物(wu)上面，虛的(de)實的(de)，都能和" 個(ge) "配搭(da)。稱(cheng)人一般在(zai)官話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)"個(ge)"和"位"（尊稱(cheng)），而在(zai)其他各大方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中，卻(que)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)各種不同(tong)的(de)量(liang)(liang)詞(ci)(ci)，并往往在(zai)量(liang)(liang)詞(ci)(ci)的(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中體(ti)現出一定的(de)感情(qing)色(se)彩和修(xiu)辭(ci)風(feng)格。例如粵方(fang)(fang)言(yan)，既有(you)"這位先生"、"那(nei)個(ge) 同(tong)學"等合(he)乎規范的(de)叫法(fa)，而在(zai)某些場合(he)， "呢條老(lao)坑"(這個(ge)老(lao)頭兒）等指人量(liang)(liang)詞(ci)(ci)的(de)獨特用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)。
⑥官話方(fang)言中一個(ge)句子里可出現兩個(ge)"了"字(zi)，前者表示動作(zuo)、行為的完成，后者作(zuo)為句末的語氣詞(ci)。如："他吃了飯了"，這(zhe)種(zhong)用法(fa)在南(nan)方(fang)各方(fang)言中比較少見。
⑦表示被動的(de)介詞(ci)(ci)比較(jiao)多。在被動句(ju)里，表被動的(de)詞(ci)(ci)在官(guan)話方言(yan)中除了用(yong)"被"以(yi)外，還可以(yi)用(yong)"給"（他給人罵(ma)了）、"受"（小(xiao)張受人欺負(fu)）、"讓"（老(lao)鼠讓貓逮(dai)住了）、"叫（教）"（我今(jin)天叫雨(yu)淋了一場）等。
⑧官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言疑問(wen)句有兩(liang)類(lei)不同的(de)格(ge)式(shi)。一(yi)類(lei)是北方(fang)官(guan)話(hua)用的(de)，跟(gen)共同語一(yi)樣，有"是什(shen)么？""好嗎？""是不是？"等句式(shi)；另一(yi)類(lei)是西北官(guan)話(hua)、西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)（云南(nan)、貴州）及江(jiang)淮官(guan)話(hua)用的(de)，跟(gen)共同語不一(yi)樣，有"ke（果(guo)）是？（或'可是'？）""ke（果(guo)）好？""是不？"等句式(shi)。
