官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言通行于長江(jiang)以(yi)北各省(sheng)漢族地(di)(di)區(qu)（除(chu)山(shan)西）；長江(jiang)下游鎮江(jiang)（除(chu)丹陽(yang)丹徒）、南(nan)京北部(bu)(bu)及皖南(nan)部(bu)(bu)分沿江(jiang)地(di)(di)帶；湖北省(sheng)除(chu)東南(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)外的全部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)；廣西省(sheng)北部(bu)(bu)和(he)湖南(nan)省(sheng)西北角(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)區(qu)；云南(nan)、四(si)川、貴(gui)州三省(sheng)少數民族區(qu)域以(yi)外的全部(bu)(bu)漢族地(di)(di)區(qu)。此(ci)外，在(zai)非官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言區(qu)中。還(huan)有少數由于歷史原因而形成的官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言島(dao)。如(ru)海南(nan)島(dao)崖縣(xian)、儋縣(xian)的“軍話(hua)(hua)”，福建(jian)南(nan)平城關(guan)的“土官(guan)話(hua)(hua)”，長樂洋(yang)嶼的“京都(dou)話(hua)(hua)”等。使用人口(kou) 7億以(yi)上。
漢族的(de)先民開始時人數(shu)很少，使(shi)用(yong)的(de)漢語也比較單(dan)純。后(hou)來由(you)于社會的(de)發(fa)(fa)展，居民逐漸向四周擴展，或(huo)者集體向遠方遷移，或(huo)者跟異(yi)族人發(fa)(fa)生接觸，漢語就逐漸地發(fa)(fa)生分(fen)(fen)化，產生了分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在不同地域(yu)上的(de)方言。漢語方言分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區域(yu)遼闊，使(shi)用(yong)人口在9億(yi)以上。
官(guan)(guan)話(hua)可細分為八(ba)種次方言(yan)：東(dong)北官(guan)(guan)話(hua)、北京官(guan)(guan)話(hua)、冀魯官(guan)(guan)話(hua)、膠遼(liao)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)、中原官(guan)(guan)話(hua)、蘭銀官(guan)(guan)話(hua)、江淮(huai)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)、西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)。
東(dong)北(bei)官話主要分(fen)布(bu)于黑龍江、吉(ji)(ji)林絕大部(bu)、遼(liao)寧部(bu)分(fen)地區、內蒙古(gu)東(dong)部(bu)和河(he)北(bei)東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)。東(dong)北(bei)官話具體可分(fen)為吉(ji)(ji)沈片(pian)、哈阜片(pian)、黑松片(pian)，每片(pian)又(you)可分(fen)為幾小片(pian)。主要特(te)征是古(gu)入(ru)聲派入(ru)平、上、去。
北京官(guan)話又稱華北官(guan)話，主要分布于北京、河北北部和(he)內蒙古(gu)(gu)中部，可分為京師、懷承、朝峰、石(shi)克四(si)片。使(shi)用人口(kou)約1500萬。三聲(sheng)四(si)調(diao)，古(gu)(gu)入聲(sheng)派(pai)入平、上、去聲(sheng)。
冀魯(lu)官(guan)話(hua)主要分(fen)布于河北(bei)(bei)(bei)大部、天津(jin)、山東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部和西北(bei)(bei)(bei)部，以及北(bei)(bei)(bei)京市(shi)平(ping)谷區(qu)，山西廣靈縣，內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)寧城縣，使用人口約9000余萬。冀魯(lu)官(guan)話(hua)是(shi)除東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)話(hua)外，與北(bei)(bei)(bei)京官(guan)話(hua)最(zui)為(wei)接近的官(guan)話(hua)。主要特(te)征(zheng)是(shi)三(san)聲(sheng)四調，古(gu)(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)派入(ru)平(ping)、去聲(sheng)。
膠遼(liao)(liao)官(guan)話主要(yao)分布(bu)于(yu)山東(dong)(dong)省的膠東(dong)(dong)半島、遼(liao)(liao)寧省的遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)半島和鴨綠江(jiang)下游地帶及江(jiang)蘇省的贛榆縣。歷史上在(zai)一些地區(qu)如(ru)黑龍江(jiang)省還存(cun)在(zai)過膠遼(liao)(liao)官(guan)話的方言島，但漸漸都(dou)消失在(zai)周圍方言的“汪(wang)洋(yang)大海(hai)”之中了。膠遼(liao)(liao)官(guan)話內分登連片(pian)、青州(zhou)片(pian)（青萊(lai)片(pian)）和蓋桓(huan)片(pian)（營通(tong)片(pian)）。主要(yao)特征是三聲三調或四(si)調，古入聲派入平、上、去聲。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)的分(fen)布以河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、陜西(xi)(xi)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、山(shan)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)部為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，覆及山(shan)東、河(he)(he)北(bei)、河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、山(shan)西(xi)(xi)、安(an)徽、陜西(xi)(xi)、甘肅(su)、寧夏、青海(hai)、新(xin)疆。根據1987版的《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國語言地圖(tu)集》，一(yi)共分(fen)為鄭(zheng)開、洛襄(xiang)、兗菏、漯項、商阜、關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)魯、秦隴、隴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)疆等十片。代表(biao)方(fang)言為河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)言。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)的古(gu)入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清音聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)和次濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字今讀陰平，古(gu)全濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字今讀陽平是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)區(qu)的主(zhu)要特點。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)和冀(ji)魯官話(hua)、膠(jiao)遼官話(hua)的主(zhu)要區(qu)別是(shi)古(gu)入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)次濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字今讀陰平。
蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)主要分(fen)布(bu)于甘(gan)肅（蘭(lan)州及周邊、河西走廊）、寧夏（中(zhong)北部(bu)）、新疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)（北疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)）。分(fen)為(wei)四(si)片(pian)：金(jin)城（蘭(lan)州古(gu)(gu)稱(cheng)）片(pian)、銀(yin)吳片(pian)、河西片(pian)、新疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)北疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)片(pian)。蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)分(fen)布(bu)區人(ren)口密度(du)小，使用人(ren)數在(zai)八個官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)中(zhong)屬(shu)于較少的(de)。在(zai)蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)中(zhong)古(gu)(gu)入聲(sheng)清音和次濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)母字今讀去聲(sheng)。
江淮(huai)官話分(fen)(fen)布于今江蘇和安(an)徽的(de)(de)大(da)部、湖(hu)北局部、江西部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)等地(di)(di)，江淮(huai)官話使用人口大(da)約(yue)為(wei)7000萬，其中主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布于安(an)徽省(sheng)除蚌(bang)埠(bu)的(de)(de)長江以北地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)、鎮江以西九江以東的(de)(de)長江南(nan)岸沿江一帶。江淮(huai)官話自東向西分(fen)(fen)為(wei)通泰(tai)片(pian)、洪巢(chao)片(pian)、黃孝(xiao)片(pian)。
西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)是流行于(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)西南(nan)部四川(chuan)、重(zhong)慶、貴(gui)州、云南(nan)、湖北(bei)，以及(ji)鄰(lin)近的(de)(de)廣西壯族自治(zhi)區(qu)北(bei)部、湖南(nan)省西部、陜西省南(nan)部、緬甸果敢(gan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要語(yu)言，在(zai)老撾(zhua)、越南(nan)等地(di)(di)也(ye)有(you)(you)部分(fen)華人使用。西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)在(zai)緬甸撣邦第一特區(qu)（果敢(gan)）具有(you)(you)官(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)地(di)(di)位(wei)，是僅有(you)(you)的(de)(de)3個具有(you)(you)官(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)地(di)(di)位(wei)的(de)(de)漢語(yu)分(fen)支(zhi)之一。西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要特征是古入(ru)聲不分(fen)化(hua)，整體保(bao)留或整體混入(ru)它(ta)調（陽平、陰平或去聲）。《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)語(yu)言地(di)(di)圖集》中(zhong)將西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)分(fen)為(wei)十二片，其(qi)通常也(ye)可按照地(di)(di)域分(fen)為(wei)四川(chuan)話(hua)(hua)、重(zhong)慶話(hua)(hua)、貴(gui)州話(hua)(hua)、云南(nan)話(hua)(hua)、桂柳話(hua)(hua)、湖北(bei)話(hua)(hua)等。
①塞音(yin)和(he)塞擦音(yin)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)大都(dou)(dou)有(you)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)送(song)氣(qi)與清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)送(song)氣(qi)之(zhi)分(fen)，而沒有(you)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)對立，反映(ying)出清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)多而濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)少的(de)特點。古全(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)在(zai)現代官話方言各支系中幾(ji)乎都(dou)(dou)念(nian)為清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)，很(hen)少例外。一般古全(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)平聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)念(nian)送(song)氣(qi)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)，古全(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)仄聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)念(nian)不(bu)送(song)氣(qi)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)。不(bu)過值得一提(ti)的(de)是湘(xiang)西一些(xie)西南(nan)官話保留(liu)了全(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)音(yin)。
②韻母方(fang)面最突出的特點是輔音韻尾比(bi)較少。
③聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)方(fang)面最(zui)(zui)突出的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是調(diao)(diao)類的(de)(de)(de)數目(mu)比較少。除(chu)江(jiang)淮官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江(jiang)小片、華北官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中河南(nan)(nan)黃河以北地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區、西(xi)(xi)北官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中山西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)端、陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)陜(shan)(shan)北及內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)西(xi)(xi)部部分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區有入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)外(wai)，其(qi)余各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)都(dou)沒(mei)有入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)。整個官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)區的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)以4～5個為(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)多，尤以4個聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)最(zui)(zui)普遍，少于4個或(huo)多于 5個的(de)(de)(de)都(dou)比較少。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中，平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上、去(qu)三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)化(hua)、發展情況大(da)體(ti)相(xiang)似(si)，即：古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)都(dou)念(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)包、周、基、夫、甘(gan)、尊、當、江(jiang)、光等(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)都(dou)念(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)爬(pa)、徒、鋤、奇、條、林、沉、群、同、紅等(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和次(ci)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)都(dou)念(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)補、早、膽、粉、黨、井、榜、選(xuan)、暖、染、老等(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)和古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多念(nian)(nian)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)部、父、道、憤、蕩和古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)過、怕、步(bu)、帶、共(gong)、耀等(deng)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)在官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中的(de)(de)(de)念(nian)(nian)法比較復雜，除(chu)江(jiang)淮官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江(jiang)小片及西(xi)(xi)北官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中山西(xi)(xi)、陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)部分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區、華北官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中黃河以北河南(nan)(nan)省部分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區保(bao)留(liu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)成(cheng)調(diao)(diao)類外(wai)，其(qi)余入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)消失的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)屬各(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)相(xiang)同。大(da)致說來，華北官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)跟北京話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)樣，入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消失后入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)派平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上、去(qu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，即所謂"入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)派三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)":全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，次(ci)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)派到(dao)陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)各(ge)(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)中去(qu)；少數地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)（如(ru)(ru)濟南(nan)(nan)、大(da)連）與北京略有不(bu)同：古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)全(quan)(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui) 陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)（如(ru)(ru)濟南(nan)(nan)），或(huo)全(quan)(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)（如(ru)(ru)大(da)連）。西(xi)(xi)北官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)沒(mei)有入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)派有兩種情況：或(huo)是古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，其(qi)余歸(gui)(gui)(gui)陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)西(xi)(xi)安；或(huo)是古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，其(qi)余歸(gui)(gui)(gui)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)蘭(lan)州。西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（除(chu)灌(guan)赤(chi)片和其(qi)他部分(fen)方(fang)言(yan)點外(wai)）古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)派最(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)劃一(yi)：只要是古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，不(bu)論聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是什么，一(yi)律念(nian)(nian)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)調(diao)(diao)，幾乎沒(mei)有例外(wai)。
官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)的(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯和(he)現代漢(han)民族(zu)共(gong)同(tong)語(yu)普通(tong)話(hua)(hua)的(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯大(da)(da)同(tong)小(xiao)(xiao)異。官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中通(tong)行(xing)范(fan)圍比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)廣(guang)的(de)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，大(da)(da)都(dou)已(yi)進入共(gong)同(tong)語(yu)，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基本詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯，沒能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)共(gong)同(tong)語(yu)吸收的(de)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，大(da)(da)都(dou)只流行(xing)于某一(yi)個官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)片或(huo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)小(xiao)(xiao)片，南北各(ge)(ge)(ge)地官(guan)話(hua)(hua)在(zai)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯上(shang)的(de)差異，比(bi)(bi)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)和(he)其他各(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)之間的(de)差異小(xiao)(xiao)。但官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)通(tong)行(xing)范(fan)圍如(ru)此遼闊(kuo)，有的(de)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)有與眾不(bu)同(tong)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)語(yu)。例如(ru)北京(jing)土話(hua)(hua)"二乎(hu)"意為(wei)(wei)(wei)"猶疑"，"咋(za)呼"意為(wei)(wei)(wei)"囂張"，"沖(chong)道(dao)"意為(wei)(wei)(wei)"敢(gan)做敢(gan)說";天(tian)津(jin)話(hua)(hua)"廣(guang)"意為(wei)(wei)(wei)"打","老公"意為(wei)(wei)(wei)"烏鴉"，"罷了"意為(wei)(wei)(wei)"了不(bu)起"；西安話(hua)(hua)"瞎(xia)了"意為(wei)(wei)(wei)"浪費(fei)"、"糟踏";山東聊城話(hua)(hua)"毀"意為(wei)(wei)(wei)"打"；河(he)(he)南洛陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)話(hua)(hua)"連連兒"意為(wei)(wei)(wei)"趕快(kuai)"。新鄉話(hua)(hua)用(yong)"亂"表(biao)示"住(zhu)"，用(yong)"紅"表(biao)示"賣(mai)力(li)氣"；成(cheng)都(dou)、昆明等(deng)地"聊天(tian)"說成(cheng)"擺龍門陣"，武漢(han)、重慶等(deng)地"倒霉"說成(cheng)"背時"，"可憐"說成(cheng)"造孽"；……如(ru)此等(deng)等(deng)，都(dou)各(ge)(ge)(ge)具一(yi)格。"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)"一(yi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)區(qu)有各(ge)(ge)(ge)種不(bu)同(tong)的(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼：北京(jing)、保定稱(cheng)(cheng)"老爺(ye)(ye)兒"(北京(jing)也(ye)(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)")，沈陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、西安稱(cheng)(cheng)"日頭"，太(tai)原、呼和(he)浩(hao)特(te)稱(cheng)(cheng)"陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)婆",合肥稱(cheng)(cheng)"熱頭",成(cheng)都(dou)、武漢(han)、昆明稱(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)";光是(shi)河(he)(he)北一(yi)省，對"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)"的(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼就有"老爺(ye)(ye)兒、爺(ye)(ye)爺(ye)(ye)兒、爺(ye)(ye)爺(ye)(ye)、日頭、日頭爺(ye)(ye)、日頭影兒、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)婆兒、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)婆、前天(tian)爺(ye)(ye)、佛爺(ye)(ye)兒"等(deng)等(deng)，可見詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯上(shang)的(de)分歧，即使是(shi)在(zai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)內(nei)部，仍然不(bu)容(rong)忽視。官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)的(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匯跟其他方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)，還顯(xian)示出以下(xia)一(yi)些(xie)特(te)色：
①雙(shuang)音節(jie)(jie)(jie)詞(ci)特別占優勢(shi)。雙(shuang)音節(jie)(jie)(jie)詞(ci)在(zai)漢語中(zhong)是整個詞(ci)匯里(li)占比(bi)重最大(da)的一(yi)部分，在(zai)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)表現得(de)尤為(wei)突(tu)出，如許多在(zai)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)加"子(zi)"而成為(wei)雙(shuang)音節(jie)(jie)(jie)詞(ci)的，在(zai)其他方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)往往是沒有"子(zi)"的單(dan)音節(jie)(jie)(jie)詞(ci)，如"稻(dao)子(zi)"在(zai)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)或(huo)(huo)叫"稻(dao)"（吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)），或(huo)(huo)叫"禾"（客家(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、湘方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、贛方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"谷子(zi)"在(zai)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)或(huo)(huo)叫"谷"（吳(wu)、湘、贛、客家(jia)、粵等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)），或(huo)(huo)叫"粟"（閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"相(xiang)(xiang)片(pian)"一(yi)詞(ci)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)各地(di)大(da)都(dou)叫"相(xiang)(xiang)片(pian)"或(huo)(huo)"相(xiang)(xiang)片(pian)兒",而南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，除客、贛方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)仍用(yong)雙(shuang)音節(jie)(jie)(jie)"相(xiang)(xiang)片(pian)"外，吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)都(dou)是單(dan)音節(jie)(jie)(jie)詞(ci)，或(huo)(huo)叫"照"(吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)蘇州話(hua)），或(huo)(huo)叫"相(xiang)(xiang)"（粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)）。
②古(gu)(gu)代語(yu)詞保留(liu)得比較少。盡管(guan)每(mei)個漢(han)語(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)都(dou)繼承了(le)不少古(gu)(gu)代漢(han)語(yu)的(de)語(yu)詞，但(dan)是(shi)相對而言(yan)(yan)(yan)，官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)各(ge)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)保留(liu)古(gu)(gu)語(yu)詞的(de)現象比較少。例如"眼(yan)(yan)睛(jing)"一(yi)詞，官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)各(ge)地(di)大都(dou)說(shuo)"眼(yan)(yan)睛(jing)",而閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)至今仍(reng)叫(jiao)"目(mu)",粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)仍(reng)叫(jiao)"眼(yan)(yan)"，保留(liu)了(le)古(gu)(gu)代漢(han)語(yu)對這一(yi)人體(ti)器(qi)官(guan)的(de)名稱；又如"站立"一(yi)詞，除官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)及(ji)湘方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)外(wai)，吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"立"，閩、粵(yue)(yue)、客家、贛等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"企"，都(dou)沿用(yong)(yong)了(le)古(gu)(gu)代漢(han)語(yu)的(de)說(shuo)法(fa)；此外(wai)，還有(you)一(yi)批極(ji)常見(jian)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)(yong)詞，南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)保留(liu)了(le)古(gu)(gu)代的(de)說(shuo)法(fa)，而官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了(le)跟現代漢(han)語(yu)普通話一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)說(shuo)法(fa)。如"看"是(shi)官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)普遍通用(yong)(yong)的(de)；而粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)（部分地(di)區(qu)）卻(que)用(yong)(yong)古(gu)(gu)代的(de)語(yu)詞"睇"。
③外來(lai)借詞(ci)比(bi)較(jiao)少。和南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)諸(zhu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)比(bi)較(jiao)，官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)外來(lai)的(de)(de)借詞(ci)比(bi)較(jiao)少。南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)閩、粵等(deng)地(di)向來(lai)為(wei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)海(hai)門(men)戶，與外國接觸多(duo)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)較(jiao)易借入(ru)外語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)，如閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)借入(ru)不少印(yin)度尼西(xi)亞(ya) -馬(ma)來(lai)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)，粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)借入(ru)不少英語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)。有時候同一(yi)個事物，官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)與南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)卻采(cai)用不同的(de)(de)詞(ci)語(yu)(yu)來(lai)表達，顯示出(chu)(chu)(chu)"舶來(lai)"詞(ci)與"土(tu)產"詞(ci)的(de)(de)差別。例如"水泥"一(yi)詞(ci)，粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)區有人(ren)叫(jiao)"士敏土(tu)",吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"水門(men)汀"，都(dou)是英語(yu)(yu)cement的(de)(de)譯音(yin)；閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"番家(jia)(jia)灰"、"紅毛灰"之(zhi)類(lei)，也顯示出(chu)(chu)(chu)外來(lai)的(de)(de)色彩(cai)，而(er)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)大(da)多(duo)數和共同語(yu)(yu)一(yi)樣用"水泥"(部分地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)叫(jiao)"洋灰")則是地(di)道的(de)(de)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)。又如照相用的(de)(de)"膠卷(juan)",官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)各(ge)地(di)都(dou)叫(jiao)"膠卷(juan)"，而(er)粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、客家(jia)(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)卻都(dou)采(cai)用英語(yu)(yu)film的(de)(de)譯音(yin)詞(ci)"菲(fei)林"。
④語(yu)(yu)(yu)氣(qi)詞比較(jiao)少，用法比較(jiao)概括。和南(nan)方(fang)各方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)比較(jiao)，官話方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)氣(qi)詞比較(jiao)少，用法更加(jia)概括，分工不那么細。例如常見(jian)的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)氣(qi)詞"呢、嗎、啊"之類，官話方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)跟(gen)共同語(yu)(yu)(yu)是一(yi)致的(de)(de)，而(er)南(nan)方(fang)吳、粵等方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)氣(qi)詞則豐富得多。
語法方(fang)面 比較突出(chu)的特(te)點是：
①構詞(ci)方(fang)面，修(xiu)飾性(xing)的(de)詞(ci)素一般(ban)在前。如除西南(nan)官話(hua)偶有"雞(ji)公"、"雞(ji)母"一類說法外(wai)，各地官話(hua)大都是"公雞(ji)"、"母雞(ji)"、"客人(ren)"、"拖鞋(xie)"等說法，不(bu)象南(nan)方(fang)某些方(fang)言把修(xiu)飾性(xing)的(de)詞(ci)素加在后面。如"雞(ji)公"、 "人(ren)客"、"鞋(xie)拖"（閩方(fang)言）之類。
②運用(yong)語(yu)音(yin)內(nei)部屈折變(bian)化表現語(yu)法意(yi)(yi)義(yi)的現象比較少(shao)。除(chu)個別地方(fang)(fang)外，官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)很少(shao)有語(yu)法學上所謂"構形法",即"狹義(yi)形態(tai)"的東西(xi)，粵方(fang)(fang)言(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)言(yan)用(yong)變(bian)音(yin)的方(fang)(fang)式來表現某種語(yu)法意(yi)(yi)義(yi)的現象在官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中很少(shao)見。
③結(jie)構助(zhu)(zhu)詞"的、地(di)、得"的運用。官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言中不(bu)少(shao)(shao)地(di)方(fang)有結(jie)構助(zhu)(zhu)詞"的、地(di)、得"，用途各不(bu)相同。這幾(ji)個結(jie)構助(zhu)(zhu)詞以北方(fang)官(guan)話(hua)用得最普遍，已進(jin)入共同語的語法(fa)體系中。在(zai)官(guan)話(hua)以外(wai)的南方(fang)各大方(fang)言中，卻很少(shao)(shao)見，就(jiu)是有類似的結(jie)構助(zhu)(zhu)詞，也不(bu)象官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言那(nei)樣"的、地(di)、得"分工明(ming)確，用法(fa)不(bu)混。
④重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式的(de)(de)運(yun)用范(fan)圍相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)廣(guang)。官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式內(nei)容相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)豐富，使用范(fan)圍相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)廣(guang)泛。例如(ru)親屬稱呼，南方(fang)閩、粵、客家、吳(wu)等(deng)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)一般(ban)都(dou)(dou)(dou)不(bu)用重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式，多用單音節(jie)詞(ci)素前加(jia)"阿"來(lai)(lai)稱呼，如(ru)"阿爸(ba)(ba)"、"阿弟"、"阿嫂"之(zhi)類。而在(zai)(zai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中，則(ze)普遍用重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)音節(jie)的(de)(de)方(fang)式來(lai)(lai)稱呼人，如(ru)"哥(ge)哥(ge)"、"舅舅"、"爸(ba)(ba)爸(ba)(ba)"、"嫂嫂"、 "叔叔"之(zhi)類。又(you)如(ru)某(mou)些(xie)常用的(de)(de)名詞(ci)，在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)各方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中是不(bu)能重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)的(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中卻以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)的(de)(de)形式出現，如(ru)"星星"一詞(ci)。在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)北官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中，重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)表(biao)示附(fu)加(jia)的(de)(de)小義(yi)。如(ru)成都(dou)(dou)(dou)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"盤盤"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)"盤兒","眼(yan)眼(yan)"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)"眼(yan)兒"。"豆(dou)豆(dou)"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)"豆(dou)兒",西(xi)(xi)(xi)安話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"帽帽"意(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)"帽兒"。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有的(de)(de)地方(fang)量詞(ci)和(he)指(zhi)示詞(ci)也可以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)，如(ru)西(xi)(xi)(xi)安話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)度量詞(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)表(biao)示計量方(fang)式："這(zhe)米(mi)不(bu)賣升升"(不(bu)按升賣）；指(zhi)示詞(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)表(biao)示所指(zhi)的(de)(de)具體位置："你(ni)的(de)(de)站在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)這(zhe)等(deng)著"（你(ni)們站在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)兒等(deng)著），這(zhe)些(xie)重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)的(de)(de)用法在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)各大方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中都(dou)(dou)(dou)是沒有的(de)(de)。
⑤量詞的(de)(de)使用(yong)比較(jiao)概括(kuo)。官話方(fang)言(yan)中最常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)量詞"個"用(yong)途很廣，可以用(yong)在(zai)(zai)許多事物上面，虛(xu)的(de)(de)實(shi)的(de)(de)，都(dou)能和" 個 "配(pei)搭(da)。稱(cheng)(cheng)人一般在(zai)(zai)官話方(fang)言(yan)中用(yong)"個"和"位"（尊稱(cheng)(cheng)），而(er)在(zai)(zai)其他各(ge)(ge)大方(fang)言(yan)中，卻用(yong)各(ge)(ge)種不同的(de)(de)量詞，并往往在(zai)(zai)量詞的(de)(de)選(xuan)用(yong)中體現出(chu)一定(ding)的(de)(de)感情色彩和修辭風格。例如粵方(fang)言(yan)，既有"這位先(xian)生"、"那個 同學(xue)"等合乎(hu)規范(fan)的(de)(de)叫法，而(er)在(zai)(zai)某(mou)些場合， "呢條老坑"(這個老頭兒(er)）等指人量詞的(de)(de)獨特用(yong)法。
⑥官話方(fang)言(yan)中一個(ge)句(ju)子里可出現兩(liang)個(ge)"了(le)"字，前者(zhe)表示動作、行為(wei)的(de)完成，后(hou)者(zhe)作為(wei)句(ju)末的(de)語氣詞。如："他吃了(le)飯了(le)"，這種(zhong)用法在南(nan)方(fang)各方(fang)言(yan)中比較少見。
⑦表示被動的介詞比較多。在(zai)被動句里(li)，表被動的詞在(zai)官話方言(yan)中(zhong)除(chu)了用(yong)"被"以外，還可(ke)以用(yong)"給(gei)"（他給(gei)人(ren)罵了）、"受"（小張受人(ren)欺負）、"讓"（老鼠讓貓逮住了）、"叫（教）"（我今(jin)天叫雨(yu)淋了一場）等(deng)。
⑧官(guan)話(hua)方言疑問句(ju)有(you)兩類不同(tong)的(de)格式。一類是(shi)北(bei)方官(guan)話(hua)用的(de)，跟共同(tong)語一樣，有(you)"是(shi)什么？""好嗎？""是(shi)不是(shi)？"等句(ju)式；另(ling)一類是(shi)西(xi)北(bei)官(guan)話(hua)、西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)（云南、貴州）及江淮官(guan)話(hua)用的(de)，跟共同(tong)語不一樣，有(you)"ke（果(guo)）是(shi)？（或'可是(shi)'？）""ke（果(guo)）好？""是(shi)不？"等句(ju)式。
