官話(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)通行于長江以(yi)北各省漢(han)族地區(qu)(qu)（除山西(xi)）；長江下游鎮江（除丹(dan)陽丹(dan)徒(tu)）、南(nan)(nan)京北部(bu)及皖南(nan)(nan)部(bu)分沿(yan)江地帶；湖北省除東(dong)南(nan)(nan)角(jiao)以(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)地區(qu)(qu)；廣(guang)西(xi)省北部(bu)和湖南(nan)(nan)省西(xi)北角(jiao)地區(qu)(qu)；云南(nan)(nan)、四(si)川(chuan)、貴(gui)州三省少(shao)數(shu)(shu)民族區(qu)(qu)域以(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)漢(han)族地區(qu)(qu)。此外，在非官話(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)。還有少(shao)數(shu)(shu)由于歷史原因而形成的(de)(de)(de)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)島(dao)。如海南(nan)(nan)島(dao)崖縣、儋縣的(de)(de)(de)“軍話(hua)(hua)(hua)”，福建南(nan)(nan)平城關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)“土官話(hua)(hua)(hua)”，長樂洋嶼的(de)(de)(de)“京都話(hua)(hua)(hua)”等。使用人口 7億以(yi)上(shang)。
漢族的先民(min)開始(shi)時(shi)人數很少，使用的漢語也比較單純。后來由于社會的發展，居民(min)逐漸(jian)向四周擴展，或者集體向遠方遷移，或者跟(gen)異(yi)族人發生(sheng)接觸(chu)，漢語就逐漸(jian)地發生(sheng)分化，產生(sheng)了分布(bu)(bu)在不同地域(yu)上的方言(yan)。漢語方言(yan)分布(bu)(bu)區域(yu)遼闊，使用人口在9億以上。
官話(hua)(hua)可細分為八(ba)種次(ci)方言：東北官話(hua)(hua)、北京官話(hua)(hua)、冀魯官話(hua)(hua)、膠(jiao)遼官話(hua)(hua)、中(zhong)原官話(hua)(hua)、蘭(lan)銀官話(hua)(hua)、江(jiang)淮官話(hua)(hua)、西(xi)南官話(hua)(hua)。
東(dong)北官(guan)話(hua)主要(yao)分(fen)布于黑龍江(jiang)、吉林絕(jue)大(da)部、遼寧(ning)部分(fen)地區、內蒙古東(dong)部和河北東(dong)北部。東(dong)北官(guan)話(hua)具體可分(fen)為吉沈片、哈阜片、黑松片，每片又可分(fen)為幾(ji)小(xiao)片。主要(yao)特征是(shi)古入聲(sheng)派入平、上、去(qu)。
北(bei)京官話又稱華(hua)北(bei)官話，主要分(fen)布于(yu)北(bei)京、河(he)北(bei)北(bei)部和(he)內蒙古(gu)中(zhong)部，可分(fen)為京師、懷承、朝峰、石克四片。使(shi)用人口約1500萬。三聲四調(diao)，古(gu)入聲派(pai)入平、上、去(qu)聲。
冀魯官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)主要(yao)分布于河北(bei)(bei)大(da)部、天津、山東北(bei)(bei)部和(he)西北(bei)(bei)部，以及(ji)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)市(shi)平谷(gu)區，山西廣靈縣(xian)，內蒙古(gu)寧城縣(xian)，使用人口(kou)約(yue)9000余萬。冀魯官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)除東北(bei)(bei)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)外(wai)，與北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)最為接(jie)近的官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)。主要(yao)特征是(shi)三聲(sheng)四(si)調，古(gu)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)派入(ru)(ru)平、去聲(sheng)。
膠遼官(guan)話主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)于山東(dong)省(sheng)的(de)(de)膠東(dong)半島(dao)、遼寧省(sheng)的(de)(de)遼東(dong)半島(dao)和鴨綠江(jiang)下(xia)游地(di)帶及(ji)江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)的(de)(de)贛榆縣。歷史上(shang)在(zai)(zai)一些地(di)區如黑龍江(jiang)省(sheng)還存在(zai)(zai)過膠遼官(guan)話的(de)(de)方言(yan)島(dao)，但漸(jian)漸(jian)都(dou)消失在(zai)(zai)周圍方言(yan)的(de)(de)“汪洋大海”之中了。膠遼官(guan)話內分(fen)登連(lian)片、青(qing)(qing)州片（青(qing)(qing)萊片）和蓋桓(huan)片（營(ying)通(tong)片）。主(zhu)要特征(zheng)是三(san)聲三(san)調或四調，古入聲派入平(ping)、上(shang)、去聲。
中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)的(de)分布以(yi)河南(nan)、陜西關中(zhong)(zhong)、山東南(nan)部為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心，覆及山東、河北、河南(nan)、山西、安(an)徽、陜西、甘(gan)肅、寧夏(xia)、青海、新疆(jiang)。根據1987版(ban)的(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)語言地圖集》，一共分為(wei)鄭(zheng)開、洛襄、兗菏、漯項、商(shang)阜、關中(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)魯、秦隴、隴中(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)疆(jiang)等十片。代(dai)表方言為(wei)河南(nan)方言。中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)的(de)古入聲清音聲母和(he)(he)次濁聲母字今讀陰平(ping)，古全濁聲母字今讀陽(yang)平(ping)是中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)區的(de)主要特點(dian)。中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)和(he)(he)冀魯官話(hua)、膠遼官話(hua)的(de)主要區別是古入聲次濁聲母字今讀陰平(ping)。
蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)主(zhu)要(yao)分布于甘肅（蘭(lan)州及周邊、河(he)西走(zou)廊）、寧夏（中(zhong)北部）、新疆（北疆）。分為四(si)片(pian)：金城(cheng)（蘭(lan)州古稱）片(pian)、銀(yin)吳片(pian)、河(he)西片(pian)、新疆北疆片(pian)。蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)分布區人口密度小，使用人數在八個官(guan)話(hua)(hua)中(zhong)屬于較少的。在蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)中(zhong)古入聲清音和(he)次濁聲母字今讀(du)去(qu)聲。
江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)于(yu)今江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇和安徽的(de)大部(bu)、湖北局部(bu)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區等地(di)(di)，江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)使用(yong)人口大約為(wei)7000萬，其中(zhong)主要分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)于(yu)安徽省除蚌埠的(de)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以北地(di)(di)區、鎮江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以西(xi)(xi)九江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以東(dong)的(de)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南岸沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一(yi)帶。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)自東(dong)向西(xi)(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)通泰片(pian)(pian)、洪巢(chao)片(pian)(pian)、黃孝(xiao)片(pian)(pian)。
西南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)是流行于(yu)中國(guo)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)四川(chuan)、重慶、貴(gui)州(zhou)、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)，以(yi)及鄰近的(de)廣西壯族自治區北(bei)部(bu)、湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)省西部(bu)、陜西省南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)、緬甸果敢的(de)主要語(yu)言(yan)，在(zai)老撾、越(yue)南(nan)(nan)(nan)等(deng)地(di)(di)也有部(bu)分(fen)(fen)華(hua)人使用。西南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)在(zai)緬甸撣邦第一特區（果敢）具(ju)有官(guan)方地(di)(di)位，是僅有的(de)3個具(ju)有官(guan)方地(di)(di)位的(de)漢(han)語(yu)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)之(zhi)一。西南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)的(de)主要特征是古(gu)入聲不分(fen)(fen)化，整體保(bao)留或(huo)(huo)整體混入它(ta)調（陽平(ping)、陰平(ping)或(huo)(huo)去(qu)聲）。《中國(guo)語(yu)言(yan)地(di)(di)圖集》中將西南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)十(shi)二片，其通常也可(ke)按照(zhao)地(di)(di)域分(fen)(fen)為(wei)四川(chuan)話(hua)(hua)、重慶話(hua)(hua)、貴(gui)州(zhou)話(hua)(hua)、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)話(hua)(hua)、桂(gui)柳話(hua)(hua)、湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)話(hua)(hua)等(deng)。
①塞音(yin)和(he)塞擦(ca)音(yin)聲(sheng)母大(da)都有清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)送(song)氣(qi)(qi)與清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)不(bu)送(song)氣(qi)(qi)之分，而沒有清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)與濁聲(sheng)的對(dui)立，反映出清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)母多而濁聲(sheng)母少的特點。古全(quan)濁聲(sheng)母字(zi)在現代(dai)官話方言(yan)各支系(xi)中幾乎都念為清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)母字(zi)，很少例外。一般(ban)古全(quan)濁平聲(sheng)念送(song)氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)母，古全(quan)濁仄聲(sheng)念不(bu)送(song)氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)母。不(bu)過值得一提的是湘西(xi)一些西(xi)南官話保留了全(quan)濁音(yin)。
②韻(yun)母(mu)方面最突出(chu)的(de)特(te)點是輔音韻(yun)尾(wei)比較少。
③聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)方(fang)面最(zui)(zui)突出的(de)特點(dian)是(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)類的(de)數(shu)目比(bi)(bi)較少(shao)。除江淮(huai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江小片(pian)(pian)、華北(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中河(he)南(nan)黃河(he)以北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、西(xi)北(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中山西(xi)南(nan)端、陜(shan)西(xi)的(de)陜(shan)北(bei)及內蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)西(xi)部(bu)部(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)有(you)(you)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)外，其余各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大都沒有(you)(you)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。整個官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)區(qu)的(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)以4～5個為(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)，尤以4個聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)最(zui)(zui)普(pu)遍，少(shao)于4個或(huo)(huo)多(duo)于 5個的(de)都比(bi)(bi)較少(shao)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)、去(qu)三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中的(de)分(fen)化、發展情況大體相似，即：古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大都念(nian)為(wei)(wei)陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)包(bao)、周(zhou)、基、夫、甘、尊、當、江、光(guang)等；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大都念(nian)為(wei)(wei)陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)爬、徒、鋤、奇、條、林、沉、群、同(tong)、紅等；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母和(he)次(ci)(ci)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大都念(nian)為(wei)(wei)上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)補、早、膽、粉、黨、井、榜、選、暖、染、老等；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)念(nian)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)部(bu)、父、道、憤、蕩和(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)過(guo)、怕、步、帶、共、耀等。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中的(de)念(nian)法比(bi)(bi)較復雜，除江淮(huai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江小片(pian)(pian)及西(xi)北(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中山西(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)部(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、華北(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中黃河(he)以北(bei)河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)部(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)保留入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自成調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)類外，其余入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)消失的(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)歸屬各(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)相同(tong)。大致說來，華北(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)跟北(bei)京話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一樣(yang)，入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消失后入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)派(pai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)、去(qu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，即所(suo)謂"入(ru)(ru)派(pai)三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)":全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，次(ci)(ci)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)派(pai)到(dao)陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)各(ge)(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)中去(qu)；少(shao)數(shu)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)（如(ru)(ru)濟(ji)南(nan)、大連）與北(bei)京略有(you)(you)不(bu)同(tong)：古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)(huo)全歸 陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)（如(ru)(ru)濟(ji)南(nan)），或(huo)(huo)全歸上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)（如(ru)(ru)大連）。西(xi)北(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)沒有(you)(you)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)分(fen)派(pai)有(you)(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)情況：或(huo)(huo)是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，其余歸陰平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)西(xi)安；或(huo)(huo)是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，其余歸去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)蘭州(zhou)。西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（除灌赤片(pian)(pian)和(he)其他部(bu)分(fen)方(fang)言(yan)點(dian)外）古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)分(fen)派(pai)最(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)劃(hua)一：只要是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，不(bu)論聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母是(shi)什么，一律(lv)念(nian)陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，幾乎沒有(you)(you)例外。
官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)和現代漢(han)民族共(gong)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)(yu)普通話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)大(da)同(tong)(tong)小異(yi)。官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中通行范(fan)(fan)圍比較(jiao)廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)，大(da)都已進入(ru)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)(yu)，作為(wei)基本詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)，沒能為(wei)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)(yu)吸收的(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)詞(ci)(ci)，大(da)都只流行于(yu)某(mou)一(yi)(yi)個官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)片或方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)小片，南(nan)北(bei)各地(di)(di)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)在(zai)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)，比官(guan)話(hua)(hua)和其他各大(da)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)小。但官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)通行范(fan)(fan)圍如此遼(liao)闊，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)也(ye)(ye)有與眾不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)詞(ci)(ci)語(yu)(yu)。例(li)如北(bei)京(jing)土(tu)話(hua)(hua)"二(er)乎"意(yi)為(wei)"猶疑"，"咋呼(hu)"意(yi)為(wei)"囂張"，"沖道(dao)"意(yi)為(wei)"敢做敢說";天(tian)津(jin)話(hua)(hua)"廣(guang)"意(yi)為(wei)"打","老(lao)公"意(yi)為(wei)"烏鴉(ya)"，"罷了"意(yi)為(wei)"了不(bu)起"；西安話(hua)(hua)"瞎了"意(yi)為(wei)"浪(lang)費"、"糟踏";山(shan)東聊城話(hua)(hua)"毀"意(yi)為(wei)"打"；河南(nan)洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)話(hua)(hua)"連(lian)連(lian)兒(er)(er)"意(yi)為(wei)"趕快"。新(xin)鄉話(hua)(hua)用"亂"表(biao)示"住"，用"紅"表(biao)示"賣(mai)力氣"；成(cheng)都、昆明等(deng)地(di)(di)"聊天(tian)"說成(cheng)"擺(bai)龍(long)門(men)陣"，武(wu)漢(han)、重慶(qing)等(deng)地(di)(di)"倒霉"說成(cheng)"背(bei)時"，"可憐"說成(cheng)"造孽"；……如此等(deng)等(deng)，都各具(ju)一(yi)(yi)格。"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)"一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)在(zai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區有各種(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼(hu)：北(bei)京(jing)、保定稱(cheng)(cheng)"老(lao)爺(ye)(ye)兒(er)(er)"(北(bei)京(jing)也(ye)(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)")，沈陽(yang)(yang)、西安稱(cheng)(cheng)"日頭"，太(tai)原、呼(hu)和浩特(te)稱(cheng)(cheng)"陽(yang)(yang)婆",合(he)肥稱(cheng)(cheng)"熱(re)頭",成(cheng)都、武(wu)漢(han)、昆明稱(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)";光是河北(bei)一(yi)(yi)省，對(dui)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼(hu)就(jiu)有"老(lao)爺(ye)(ye)兒(er)(er)、爺(ye)(ye)爺(ye)(ye)兒(er)(er)、爺(ye)(ye)爺(ye)(ye)、日頭、日頭爺(ye)(ye)、日頭影兒(er)(er)、陽(yang)(yang)婆兒(er)(er)、陽(yang)(yang)婆、前天(tian)爺(ye)(ye)、佛爺(ye)(ye)兒(er)(er)"等(deng)等(deng)，可見(jian)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分歧，即使是在(zai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)內(nei)部，仍(reng)然不(bu)容(rong)忽(hu)視。官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)跟其他方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)比較(jiao)，還顯示出(chu)以下一(yi)(yi)些特(te)色：
①雙音(yin)節(jie)詞(ci)特(te)別占優勢。雙音(yin)節(jie)詞(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)漢語中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)整個詞(ci)匯里占比重最大的(de)(de)一部(bu)分，在(zai)(zai)(zai)官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)表(biao)現得(de)尤為(wei)突出，如許多在(zai)(zai)(zai)官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)加"子(zi)"而成為(wei)雙音(yin)節(jie)詞(ci)的(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)其他方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)往往是(shi)(shi)沒有"子(zi)"的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)音(yin)節(jie)詞(ci)，如"稻子(zi)"在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)或叫(jiao)"稻"（吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)），或叫(jiao)"禾"（客家方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、湘(xiang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、贛方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"谷子(zi)"在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)或叫(jiao)"谷"（吳(wu)、湘(xiang)、贛、客家、粵等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)），或叫(jiao)"粟"（閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"相片(pian)(pian)"一詞(ci)官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區各地大都叫(jiao)"相片(pian)(pian)"或"相片(pian)(pian)兒(er)",而南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，除(chu)客、贛方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)仍用雙音(yin)節(jie)"相片(pian)(pian)"外，吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)都是(shi)(shi)單(dan)(dan)音(yin)節(jie)詞(ci)，或叫(jiao)"照"(吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)蘇州話(hua)），或叫(jiao)"相"（粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)）。
②古(gu)代(dai)語(yu)詞保留得(de)比(bi)較少。盡管每個漢(han)(han)語(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)都繼承了不少古(gu)代(dai)漢(han)(han)語(yu)的(de)(de)語(yu)詞，但(dan)是相對而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區各地方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)保留古(gu)語(yu)詞的(de)(de)現象(xiang)比(bi)較少。例如"眼(yan)(yan)睛"一詞，官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區各地大(da)都說(shuo)"眼(yan)(yan)睛",而(er)閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)至今仍(reng)叫(jiao)"目",粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)仍(reng)叫(jiao)"眼(yan)(yan)"，保留了古(gu)代(dai)漢(han)(han)語(yu)對這(zhe)一人體器官(guan)的(de)(de)名(ming)稱；又(you)如"站立(li)"一詞，除官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區及湘方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)外，吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"立(li)"，閩(min)、粵(yue)、客家、贛等(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"企"，都沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)了古(gu)代(dai)漢(han)(han)語(yu)的(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)；此外，還有一批極常(chang)見的(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)(yong)詞，南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)保留了古(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)，而(er)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)則采用(yong)(yong)了跟(gen)現代(dai)漢(han)(han)語(yu)普通話(hua)一致(zhi)的(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)。如"看"是官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)普遍通用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)；而(er)粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)（部(bu)分地區）卻用(yong)(yong)古(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)語(yu)詞"睇"。
③外(wai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)借(jie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)比(bi)較(jiao)少(shao)(shao)(shao)。和南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)諸方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)比(bi)較(jiao)，官話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)外(wai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)借(jie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)比(bi)較(jiao)少(shao)(shao)(shao)。南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)閩(min)、粵等地(di)向(xiang)來(lai)(lai)(lai)為出(chu)海門戶，與外(wai)國接觸多，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)較(jiao)易借(jie)入外(wai)語(yu)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，如閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)借(jie)入不少(shao)(shao)(shao)印度尼(ni)西(xi)亞 -馬來(lai)(lai)(lai)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)借(jie)入不少(shao)(shao)(shao)英(ying)語(yu)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。有時候(hou)同一個(ge)事物，官話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)與南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)卻采用(yong)不同的(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)語(yu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)表達，顯(xian)示出(chu)"舶(bo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)"詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)與"土產(chan)"詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)差別。例如"水泥"一詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區有人叫"士敏土",吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫"水門汀"，都(dou)是英(ying)語(yu)cement的(de)譯音(yin)；閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫"番家(jia)(jia)灰"、"紅毛(mao)灰"之類，也(ye)顯(xian)示出(chu)外(wai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)色(se)彩，而官話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)大多數和共同語(yu)一樣用(yong)"水泥"(部(bu)分地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)叫"洋灰")則是地(di)道(dao)的(de)漢語(yu)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。又如照(zhao)相用(yong)的(de)"膠卷(juan)",官話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)各地(di)都(dou)叫"膠卷(juan)"，而粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、客(ke)家(jia)(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)卻都(dou)采用(yong)英(ying)語(yu)film的(de)譯音(yin)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)"菲林"。
④語(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)少，用(yong)法(fa)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)概(gai)括。和(he)南方各方言(yan)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)，官(guan)(guan)話方言(yan)的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)少，用(yong)法(fa)更加(jia)概(gai)括，分工(gong)不那么(me)細。例如常見的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)"呢、嗎、啊"之類，官(guan)(guan)話方言(yan)跟共同(tong)語(yu)是(shi)一(yi)致的(de)，而南方吳、粵等方言(yan)的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)則豐(feng)富得(de)多。
語法方面 比較突出(chu)的特點(dian)是(shi)：
①構詞方(fang)(fang)面，修飾(shi)性(xing)的詞素(su)一(yi)般在前。如(ru)除西(xi)南官(guan)話偶有"雞公"、"雞母"一(yi)類說法外，各地官(guan)話大都是"公雞"、"母雞"、"客人(ren)(ren)"、"拖鞋(xie)"等說法，不(bu)象(xiang)南方(fang)(fang)某(mou)些(xie)方(fang)(fang)言把修飾(shi)性(xing)的詞素(su)加在后面。如(ru)"雞公"、 "人(ren)(ren)客"、"鞋(xie)拖"（閩方(fang)(fang)言）之(zhi)類。
②運用語(yu)音內部屈折變化(hua)表現(xian)(xian)語(yu)法意義(yi)(yi)的(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)比較少(shao)(shao)。除(chu)個別地方(fang)(fang)外，官話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)很少(shao)(shao)有語(yu)法學(xue)上所謂"構形法",即"狹義(yi)(yi)形態"的(de)東(dong)西(xi)，粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)用變音的(de)方(fang)(fang)式來表現(xian)(xian)某種語(yu)法意義(yi)(yi)的(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)在官話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中很少(shao)(shao)見。
③結(jie)構(gou)助詞(ci)(ci)"的、地、得(de)"的運用。官(guan)(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)結(jie)構(gou)助詞(ci)(ci)"的、地、得(de)"，用途各不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同。這(zhe)幾個結(jie)構(gou)助詞(ci)(ci)以(yi)北方(fang)(fang)(fang)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)用得(de)最(zui)普遍，已進(jin)入共同語(yu)的語(yu)法體系(xi)中(zhong)。在官(guan)(guan)話(hua)以(yi)外的南方(fang)(fang)(fang)各大方(fang)(fang)(fang)言中(zhong)，卻(que)很少(shao)見，就是(shi)有(you)類似的結(jie)構(gou)助詞(ci)(ci)，也不(bu)(bu)(bu)象官(guan)(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言那樣(yang)"的、地、得(de)"分工明(ming)確，用法不(bu)(bu)(bu)混。
④重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)式(shi)的運(yun)用(yong)范圍相當廣(guang)(guang)。官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)式(shi)內容相當豐富，使用(yong)范圍相當廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)。例如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)親屬稱呼(hu)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)閩、粵(yue)、客家、吳等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)一(yi)般都不(bu)(bu)用(yong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)式(shi)，多用(yong)單音(yin)節詞(ci)素前加"阿"來稱呼(hu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)"阿爸(ba)"、"阿弟"、"阿嫂"之類(lei)。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)，則(ze)普遍用(yong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)音(yin)節的方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)來稱呼(hu)人(ren)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)"哥哥"、"舅舅"、"爸(ba)爸(ba)"、"嫂嫂"、 "叔叔"之類(lei)。又如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)某些常用(yong)的名詞(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)是不(bu)(bu)能重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)的，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)卻(que)以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)的形(xing)式(shi)出現，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)"星(xing)星(xing)"一(yi)詞(ci)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)、西(xi)(xi)北官(guan)話(hua)中(zhong)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)表示附加的小義。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)成都話(hua)"盤盤"意為(wei)"盤兒(er)(er)","眼眼"意為(wei)"眼兒(er)(er)"。"豆豆"意為(wei)"豆兒(er)(er)",西(xi)(xi)安(an)話(hua)"帽(mao)帽(mao)"意為(wei)"帽(mao)兒(er)(er)"。西(xi)(xi)北官(guan)話(hua)有(you)的地方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)量詞(ci)和指(zhi)示詞(ci)也可以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)西(xi)(xi)安(an)話(hua)度量詞(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)表示計(ji)量方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)："這米不(bu)(bu)賣(mai)升升"(不(bu)(bu)按升賣(mai)）；指(zhi)示詞(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)表示所指(zhi)的具體(ti)位置："你(ni)的站在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這這等著"（你(ni)們站在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這兒(er)(er)等著），這些重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)的用(yong)法在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各大方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)都是沒(mei)有(you)的。
⑤量詞的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)比較概括。官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中最常用(yong)的(de)(de)量詞"個"用(yong)途很廣，可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)在許多事物上(shang)面(mian)，虛(xu)的(de)(de)實的(de)(de)，都能(neng)和(he)(he)" 個 "配(pei)搭。稱(cheng)人一(yi)般(ban)在官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中用(yong)"個"和(he)(he)"位"（尊稱(cheng)），而(er)在其他各大方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中，卻用(yong)各種不同(tong)的(de)(de)量詞，并往(wang)往(wang)在量詞的(de)(de)選用(yong)中體(ti)現出一(yi)定的(de)(de)感情(qing)色(se)彩和(he)(he)修辭風格。例(li)如粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)，既有"這位先(xian)生"、"那(nei)個 同(tong)學"等合(he)乎(hu)規范(fan)的(de)(de)叫法(fa)(fa)，而(er)在某些場合(he)， "呢條老(lao)坑"(這個老(lao)頭兒）等指人量詞的(de)(de)獨特用(yong)法(fa)(fa)。
⑥官話方言中一個(ge)句子里(li)可出現兩個(ge)"了"字(zi)，前者(zhe)表示動作、行(xing)為的完成(cheng)，后者(zhe)作為句末的語氣詞。如："他吃了飯了"，這種(zhong)用法在南方各(ge)方言中比較少見。
⑦表(biao)示被(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)的介詞(ci)比(bi)較多。在被(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)句里，表(biao)被(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)的詞(ci)在官(guan)話方言中(zhong)除了(le)(le)用(yong)"被(bei)(bei)(bei)"以外，還可以用(yong)"給(gei)"（他給(gei)人(ren)罵了(le)(le)）、"受"（小張(zhang)受人(ren)欺負(fu)）、"讓"（老鼠(shu)讓貓逮住了(le)(le)）、"叫（教）"（我今天叫雨(yu)淋了(le)(le)一(yi)場）等(deng)。
⑧官(guan)(guan)話(hua)方言疑問句有(you)兩類(lei)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)格式。一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)北方官(guan)(guan)話(hua)用的(de)，跟共(gong)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)一(yi)樣，有(you)"是(shi)什么(me)？""好嗎？""是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)？"等(deng)句式；另一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)西北官(guan)(guan)話(hua)、西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)（云南、貴州）及(ji)江淮官(guan)(guan)話(hua)用的(de)，跟共(gong)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)不(bu)一(yi)樣，有(you)"ke（果）是(shi)？（或'可是(shi)'？）""ke（果）好？""是(shi)不(bu)？"等(deng)句式。
